Publications

tigecycline: in-vitro performance as a predictor of clinical efficacy.	the incidence of nosocomial disease caused by gram-negative pathogens is increasing, and infections caused by enterobacter, klebsiella, acinetobacter, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa are more commonly refractive to traditional antimicrobial agents, including aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and broad-spectrum cephalosporins. the most important mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics among gram-negative bacilli involves the production of beta-lactamases. extended-spectrum ...	2007	17359318
klebsiella rhinoscleromatis of the membranous nasal septum.	rhinoscleroma is a chronic, infectious, granulomatous disease that may present with mass lesions in the respiratory tract anywhere from the nose to the trachea. the nose is involved in 95-100 per cent of cases. there are three stages of the disease: catarrhal-atrophic, granulomatous (also known as hypertrophic) and sclerotic. the diagnosis is made either by positive klebsiella rhinoscleromatis culture or from the classic histological findings of mikulicz cells and transformed plasma cells with r ...	2007	17359555
in vitro and in vivo characteristics of bacterial phytases and their efficacy in broiler chickens.	1. three bacterial phytases derived from bacillus, escherichia coli or klebsiella were compared with a phytase derived from aspergillus niger in vitro and in vivo. 2. the in vitro results indicated that aspergillus, e. coli and klebsiella phytase displayed their activity optima in an acid ph range while bacillus phytase did so in neutral ph. 3. the trials also revealed that only bacillus phytase is more resistant to heat treatments, while e. coli and klebsiella phytases are more stable against p ...	2007	17364542
antimicrobial activity and pollen composition of honey samples collected from different provinces in turkey.	the antibacterial activity of honey samples from different sources were collected and investigated against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853, klebsiella pneumoniae atcc 27736, morganella morganii, micrococcus luteus nrrl b-4375, escherichia coli atcc 35218, and candida albicans. pathogens exhibited different sensitivities towards the honey samples. the results showed that majority of the honey samples (75%) generally inhibitied the bacteria test ...	2007	17365707
[cloning and sequence analysis of the gene encoding nife-hydrogenase from klebsiella pneumoniae].	degenerate pcr primers were designed by multiple alignment of the protein sequences of known structural genes encoding the catalytic subunits of nife-hydrogenases obtained from swiss-prot protein sequence database through clustal-w software and compared for conserved sequence motifs. an amplified pcr product 1 kb in size was obtained from the genomic dna of klebsiella pneumoniae using a set of degenerate primers, and then inverse pcr technique was used to obtain the full hydrogenase coding regio ...	2007	17366902
characterisation of integrons containing the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnra1 in klebsiella pneumoniae.	the aim of this study was to determine the structural relationships of qnra1 and other resistance genes in four integrons contained in four clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. in the four integrons, the sequences surrounding qnra1 were similar to those described for pmg252 (accession no. ay070235). the four integrons carried a class 1 integrase gene belonging to the complex class 1 integron. three of the strains contained an identical integron coding for resistance to beta-lactams, amino ...	2007	17368003
identification of klebsiella pneumoniae genes uniquely expressed in a strain virulent using a murine model of bacterial pneumonia.	klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium of significant clinical importance. this study examines the differential pulmonary host anti-bacterial responses towards two clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae. intratracheal inoculation with 7 x 10(4)cfu of strain 43816 induced 100% mortality in c57bl/6j mice within 5 days post infection, whereas infection with 5 x 10(5)cfu of strain ia565 resulted in 100% survival. infection with strain 43816 resulted in significant pulmonary and peripheral bl ...	2007	17369011
epidemiology of shv-type beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella spp. from outbreaks in five geographically distant hungarian neonatal intensive care units: widespread dissemination of epidemic r-plasmids.	one hundred and twenty-six extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of klebsiella spp. were collected in 1998, 2002 and 2003 from seven outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (nicus) of five hungarian county and teaching hospitals. the isolates were multidrug resistant but were susceptible to ciprofloxacin. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed the existence of 12 distinct genetic clones, 10 of which proved epidemic in the studied nicus. all isolates harboured plasmid ...	2007	17369027
in vitro selection and characterization of darpins and fab fragments for the co-crystallization of membrane proteins: the na(+)-citrate symporter cits as an example.	the determination of 3d structures of membrane proteins is still extremely difficult. the co-crystallization with specific binding proteins may be an important aid in this process, as these proteins provide rigid, hydrophilic surfaces for stable protein-protein contacts. also, the conformational homogeneity of the membrane protein may be increased to obtain crystals suitable for high resolution structures. here, we describe the efficient generation and characterization of designed ankyrin repeat ...	2007	17369048
outbreak of klebsiella pneumoniae strain harbouring an ampc (dha-1) and a blashv-11 in a belgian hospital, august-december 2006.		2007	17370947
primary urinary tract infection in infants: prophylaxis for uncomplicated pyelonephritis.	urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most common causes of unexplained fever in infants with a reported prevalence range of 5-11%. the clinical and laboratory findings were reviewed, and diagnosis and treatment for 95 infants with primary uti were evaluated in this study.	2007	17371343
secondary acylation of klebsiella pneumoniae lipopolysaccharide contributes to sensitivity to antibacterial peptides.	klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of nosocomial gram-negative sepsis. lipopolysaccharide (lps) is considered to be a major virulence determinant of this encapsulated bacterium and most mutations to the lipid a anchor of lps are conditionally lethal to the bacterium. we studied the role of lps acylation in k. pneumoniae disease pathogenesis by using a mutation of lpxm (msbb/waan), which encodes the enzyme responsible for late secondary acylation of immature lipid a molecules. a k. pneum ...	2007	17371870
heterologous expression and characterization of recombinant glycerol dehydratase from klebsiella pneumoniae in escherichia coli.	glycerol dehydratase (ec 4.2.1.30), as one of the key enzymes in converting glycerol to the valuable intermediate 1,3-propanediol, is important for biochemical industry. the dhab genes encoding coenzyme b(12)-dependent glycerol dehydratase in klebsiella pneumoniae were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. an effective co-expression system of multiple subunits protein was constructed. heterologous expression vectors were constructed using the splicing by overlap extension-pcr technique to co ...	2007	17373646
pattern of nosocomial infection in two intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in karachi.	to determine the pattern of nosocomial infections in two icus' of a teaching hospital in terms of frequency, common sites of infection, the pathogens involved and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns.	2007	17374297
regional variations in multidrug resistance among enterobacteriaceae in the usa and comparative activity of tigecycline, a new glycylcycline antimicrobial.	we report here on the activity of tigecycline and comparators against multidrug-resistant (resistant to >or=3 antimicrobial classes; mdr) enterobacteriaceae from the usa collected between january 2004 and january 2006 as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (test). nationally, 131 (5.9%) escherichia coli, 174 (10.1%) klebsiella pneumoniae, 4 (1.2%) klebsiella oxytoca, 24 (4.9%) enterobacter aerogenes, 126 (9.5%) enterobacter cloacae and 20 (2.6%) serratia marcescens isolates ...	2007	17376657
how safe is sugarcane juice?		2007	17377362
etiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infections in j n m c hospital aligarh, india.	urinary tract infections (utis) remain the common infections diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing bacteria may not be detected by routine disk diffusion susceptibility test, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failure. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patte ...	2007	17378940
dissemination and persistence of a plasmid-mediated tem-3-like beta-lactamase, tem-139, among enterobacteriaceae in bulgaria.	during a survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in bulgaria from 1996 to 2003, a tem-3-like esbl was detected in strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca from three centres in three different towns. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene was identical to that of tem-3, except for one substitution (c347a) causing an amino acid exchange at position 49 from leucine to methionine. this tem-3 variant with both a unique nucleotide ...	2007	17382521
l-sorbose utilization by virulent escherichia coli and shigella: different metabolic adaptation of pathotypes.	the frequency of l-sorbose utilization differs significantly between pathotypes of escherichia coli and shigella from 93% to 0%. among 266 strains tested, this frequency increased in the order shigella, enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec), enteroaggregative e. coli, enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), and neonatal bacterial meningitis (nbm) e. coli. this suggests an association of pathomechanism with the capability to degrade l-sorbose ...	2007	17382590
potency and spectrum of garenoxacin tested against an international collection of skin and soft tissue infection pathogens: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1999-2004).	the spectrum and potency of garenoxacin, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, against a large international collection (11723 strains) of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens that cause skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) were evaluated for the years 1999 to 2004. consecutive nonduplicate bacterial isolates were collected from patients with documented community-acquired or nosocomial ssti in >70 medical centers participating in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program in north ame ...	2007	17383139
in vitro activity of garenoxacin tested against a worldwide collection of ciprofloxacin-susceptible and ciprofloxacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae strains (1999-2004).	garenoxacin is a novel des-f(6)-quinolone with a chemical structure that lacks the c6 position fluorine and has a unique difluoromethoxy substitution at position c8. this study evaluated the in vitro activity of garenoxacin tested against a large collection of enterobacteriaceae collected worldwide. the bacterial isolates were consecutively collected from more than 70 medical centers from bloodstream, respiratory, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections. the isolates were tested again ...	2007	17383140
pneumoperitoneum caused by ruptured gas-containing liver abscess.	an 84-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with high fever, and she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain the next day. computed tomography revealed a gas-containing abscess in the lateral segment of the liver, with spontaneous pneumoperitoneum. an emergency lateral segmentectomy was performed, and klebsiella pneumoniae was cultured from the liver tissue, abscess, and blood. the patient made a satisfactory recovery and was discharged on the thirty-first postoperative day. pneumoper ...	2007	17384917
nosocomial bacteremia in children: a 15-year experience at a general hospital in mexico.	to describe the incidence and etiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in children at a general hospital.	2007	17385147
antibacterial properties of whole body extracts and haemolymph of lucilia sericata maggots.	to partially characterise maggot-secreted antibacterial substances and determine their range of activity against different bacteria.	2007	17385589
predictors of mortality in patients with bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae: importance of inadequate initial antimicrobial treatment.	bloodstream infections (bsi) caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organisms markedly increase the rates of treatment failure and death. we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis to identify risk factors for mortality in adult in-patients with bsi caused by esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-bsi). particular attention was focused on defining the impact on the mortality of inadequate initial antimicrobial therapy (defined as the initiation of treatment with active an ...	2007	17387156
antiseptic effect of a novel alcohol-free mouthwash: a convenient prophylactic alternative for high-risk patients.	we developed an efficacious and non-irritant mouthwash that is alcohol-free and that has a low concentration of chlorhexidine, in order to be used for preventing oral cavity infections in immunocompromised and cancer patients. the novel mouthwash solution was tested for its antimicrobial efficacy against both free floating (planktonic) and the biofilm forms of candida albicans. the solution was also tested against klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant staphyloc ...	2007	16798063
phylogenetic analysis of enteric species of the family enterobacteriaceae using the oric-locus.	phylogenetic analysis of 38 enteric species belonging to the enterobacteraceae family was carried out using the non-coding locus oric, the chromosomal replication origin. the oric loci were amplified with conserved oligonucleotides and the pcr fragments were sequenced directly. the results establish a phylogenetic tree for the classification of different species of the genera escherichia, shigella, salmonella, enterobacter, citrobacter, klebsiella, raoultella, kluyvera, cedecea and buttiauxella. ...	2007	16904857
a new approach for the recovery of precious metals from solution and from leachates derived from electronic scrap.	a new approach is described for the recovery of precious metals (pms: au, pd and ag) with >99% efficiency from aqueous solution utilising biogas produced during the aerobic growth of klebsiella pneumoniae. gold was recovered from electronic scrap leachate ( approximately 95%) by this method, with some selectivity against cu. the recovered pm solids all contained metal and sulphur as determined by energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (edx). x-ray powder diffraction analysis (xrd) showed no cryst ...	2007	16917944
comparisons of parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporins tested against bacterial isolates from pediatric patients: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1998-2004).	a contemporary collection of 12737 strains from pediatric patients (<18 years) isolated over a 7-year period (1998-2004) from 52 sentinel hospitals in north america was tested to determine the comparative antimicrobial potency of broad-spectrum parenteral cephalosporins and selected comparator agents. most of the strains (84.1%) were isolated from blood stream or respiratory tract infections. the rank order of the top 10 pediatric pathogens analyzed was streptococcus pneumoniae (15.5%) >haemophi ...	2007	16930923
a possible link between crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis via klebsiella infections.	crohn's disease (cd) is an immune-mediated gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, which could arise from an interplay between genetic and environmental factors. klebsiella microbes were suggested to have a vital role in the initiation and perpetuation of the disease through the mechanism of molecular mimicry. this proposition is based on the results of various studies where significantly elevated levels of antibodies against the whole bacteria or preparations from klebsiella microbes and antibod ...	2007	16941202
prevalence and mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to carbapenems in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.	in this study, we examined the prevalence of and mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to either imipenem or meropenem in klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. a total of 230 clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae were collected from 13 clinical laboratories from a nationwide distribution. the mics of imipenem and meropenem were determined by the agar dilution method. to characterize the isolates with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems (mics of >2 microg/ml), we performed polymerase chain reaction a ...	2007	16854555
septic metastatic endophthalmitis complicating klebsiella pneumoniae scalp furuncle.		2007	16858445
fermentation of 1,3-propanediol by a lactate deficient mutant of klebsiella oxytoca under microaerobic conditions.	klebsiella oxytoca m5al is an excellent 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pd) producer, but too much lactic acid yielded greatly lessened the fermentation efficiency for 1,3-pd. to counteract the disadvantage, four lactate deficient mutants were obtained by knocking out the ldha gene of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) of k. oxytoca m5al. the ldh activities of the four mutants were from 3.85 to 6.92% of the parental strain. the fed-batch fermentation of 1,3-pd by mutant ldh3, whose ldh activity is the lowest, was ...	2007	16960737
separation and quantitative analysis of alkyl sulfobetaine-type detergents by high-performance liquid chromatography and light-scattering detection.	an improved high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method for the separation of zwitterionic detergents is described. it is based on a reversed-phase liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection (elsd). the method was shown to be highly specific, allowing the separation of three detergents of the alkyl sulfobetaine family: 3-(n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethyl-ammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate (sb12), 3-(n-tetradecyl-n,n-dimethyl-ammonio)-propane-1-sulfonate (sb14) and 3-(n-hexadecyl ...	2007	16978932
increased serum iga and igm against lps of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs): indication for the involvement of gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of cfs and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability.	there is now evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is accompanied by immune disorders and by increased oxidative stress. the present study has been designed in order to examine the serum concentrations of iga and igm to lps of gram-negative enterobacteria, i.e. hafnia alvei; pseudomonas aeruginosa, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas putida, citrobacter koseri, and klebsiella pneumoniae in cfs patients, patients with partial cfs and normal controls. we found that the preva ...	2007	17007934
a simple method for extracting c-phycocyanin from spirulina platensis using klebsiella pneumoniae.	c-phycocyanin (c-pc) was extracted from fresh spirulina platensis by deploying a species of non-pathogenic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, namely, klebsiella pneumoniae. the algal slurry was neither washed nor centrifuged; the bacterial culture was poured into the slurry, the vessel sealed, and crude c-pc extracted after about 24 h. the extraction was clean and efficient, and the purity and concentration of c-pc proved to be of adequate quality.	2007	17013600
plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 is protective during severe gram-negative pneumonia.	plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (pai-1) levels are consistently elevated in patients with severe pneumonia and sepsis and highly predictive for an unfavorable outcome. in addition, pneumonia is associated with strongly elevated pai-1 levels in the pulmonary compartment. however, whether pai-1 causally affects antibacterial host defense in vivo remains unknown. we report here that pneumonia caused by the common respiratory pathogen klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with local production ...	2007	17032919
there is a low incidence of recurrent bacteriuria in painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients followed longitudinally.	the objective of this paper was to establish whether patients with confirmed painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (pbs/ic) presenting with symptoms of uti have actual bacteriuria vs a flare of their pbs/ic symptoms. one hundred and six (n = 106) consecutive female patients (mean age 39.8 +/- 14 years) with newly diagnosed ic were identified and followed longitudinally for 24 months. at the initial visit and at all subsequent visits, urinary specimens were obtained by sterile catheteriz ...	2007	17036170
leishmania mexicana amazonensis: development of a peptide tag useful for labeling and purifying biotinylated recombinant proteins.	a number of peptide tags are available to facilitate the characterization of recombinant proteins. we have tested the bacterial oxaloacetate decarboxylase biotinylation domain for its efficacy in tagging recombinant proteins in vivo in leishmania. to achieve efficient biotinylation, leishmania also had to be co-transformed with the gene for bacterial biotin protein ligase (bira gene product). the recombinant chimeric protein could be detected on blots probed with avidin-horseradish peroxidase an ...	2007	17027004
clinical features, prognostic and risk factors of central nervous system infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.	the purpose of this study is to describe the etiology, characteristics and outcomes of central nervous system (cns) infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), while also identifying prognostic and risk factors. thirty-eight sle patients with cns infections were identified from review of all charts of patients with sle hospitalized from january 1995 to june 2005. these patients were divided into 3 groups, i.e., mycobacterium tuberculosis (tb), non-tb bacterial and fungal infe ...	2007	17021668
effect of carbapenem administration on establishment of intestinal colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci and klebsiella pneumoniae in mice.	in a mouse model, ertapenem inhibited the anaerobic intestinal microflora and promoted overgrowth of enterococci, whereas imipenem-cilastatin had no effect on the indigenous microflora. ertapenem, but not imipenem-cilastatin, promoted modest overgrowth of vancomycin-resistant enterococci when exposure occurred during treatment. neither agent promoted colonization with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae.	2007	17043115
characterization of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) nk-lysin, an antimicrobial peptide.	the nk-lysin cdna of japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus, consists of 657bp, containing an open reading frame (orf) of 444bp, which encodes 147 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of japanese flounder nk-lysin has 21% identity to porcine nk-lysin and bovine nk-lysin, 23% to equine nk-lysin, and 46% to zebrafish nk-lysin-like protein. multiple alignments of japanese flounder nk-lysin and other known saposin-like proteins revealed that the six cysteine residues important for structu ...	2007	17046282
immediate percutaneous drainage compared with surgical drainage of renal abscess.	to compare immediate percutaneous drainage of renal abscess via ultrasonographic guidance to surgical drainage.	2007	17043919
the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection antimicrobial susceptibility program in spain: a 5-year analysis.	the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection program is a global study providing in vitro surveillance data on antimicrobial susceptibility in centers prescribing meropenem. this study summarizes data on the activity of meropenem and 5 comparators against 4022 clinical isolates from 7 centers in spain (1999-2003). those bacteria intrinsically resistant to meropenem were excluded. among enterobacteriaceae, 100% of enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., and serratia spp. were susc ...	2007	17052882
internal obturator muscle abscess caused by klebsiella pneumoniae.	obturator internus muscle abscess is an infrequent form of pyomyositis. to date, this disease has been described almost exclusively in children and young adults, and in most cases the causative agents are gram-positive bacteria. we present the first report of obturator internus muscle abscess caused by a highly antibiotic resistant klebsiella pneumoniae, in an elderly diabetic patient. once considered very rare, gram-negative pyomyositis is increasingly reported, and is an important concern in d ...	2007	17055584
purification and characterization of heteroscorpine-1 (hs-1) toxin from heterometrus laoticus scorpion venom.	crude venom from thai giant scorpion, heterometrus laoticus, most commonly found in the northeastern area of thailand, was evaluated for pd50 (paralytic dose 50) activities from abdominal injection to cricket (gryllus sp.) and activities against various kinds of microorganisms. it exhibited good results in disc diffusion assay for bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. after purification, toxin showed acceptable results for pd50 determination ...	2007	17056081
cefepime pharmacodynamics in patients with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) and non-esbl infections.	this study was designed to compare cefepime exposures with microbiological outcomes in esbl and non-esbl infections and determine the pharmacodynamic profiles associated with successful outcome.	2007	17067681
contemporary causes of skin and soft tissue infections in north america, latin america, and europe: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1998-2004).	the morbidity and cost for cure associated with skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) have recently become more complicated because of the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens associated with this healthcare problem. the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program has been monitoring ssti since 1997, and now presents data from 3 continents over a 7-year period (1998-2004). isolates were tested by reference broth microdilution methods at a central laboratory using the clinical a ...	2007	17059876
association of qnrb determinants and production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases or plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae.	clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases or plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases were screened for qnra and qnrb genes. qnrb was present in 54 of 54 dha-1-producing k. pneumoniae isolates and 10 of 45 shv-12-producing ones, suggesting that the distribution of plasmids conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and quinolones in clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae is widespread.	2007	17074790
are laboratory-based antibiograms reliable to guide the selection of empirical antimicrobial treatment in patients with hospital-acquired infections?	antibiograms are often taken into account to define a rational selection of an empirical antimicrobial therapy for treating patients with hospital-acquired infections. in this study, we performed a paired comparison between the antibiogram constructed with laboratory-based data and that formed with data subjected to prior clinical validation.	2007	17079239
effects of phenotype and genotype on methods for detection of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in norway.	consecutive clinical isolates of escherichia coli (n = 87) and klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 25) with reduced susceptibilities to oxyimino-cephalosporins (mics > 1 mg/liter) from 18 norwegian laboratories during march through october 2003 were examined for bla(tem/shv/ctx-m) extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl) genes, oxyimino-cephalosporin mic profiles, esbl phenotypes (determined by the esbl etest and the combined disk and double-disk synergy [dds] methods), and susceptibility to non-beta-lact ...	2007	17079502
vulnerability of pathogenic biofilms to micavibrio aeruginosavorus.	the host specificity of the gram-negative exoparasitic predatory bacterium micavibrio aeruginosavorus was examined. m. aeruginosavorus preyed on pseudomonas aeruginosa, as previously reported, as well as burkholderia cepacia, klebsiella pneumoniae, and numerous clinical isolates of these species. in a static assay, a reduction in biofilm biomass was observed as early as 3 hours after exposure to m. aeruginosavorus, and an approximately 100-fold reduction in biofilm cell viability was detected fo ...	2007	17098913
delayed inflammatory response to primary pneumonic plague occurs in both outbred and inbred mice.	yersinia pestis is the causative agent of plague, a disease that can manifest as either bubonic or pneumonic plague. an interesting feature of plague is that it is a rapidly progressive disease, suggesting that y. pestis either evades and/or suppresses the innate immune response to infection. therefore, the early host response during the course of primary pneumonic plague was investigated in two mouse strains, the outbred strain cd1 and the inbred strain c57bl/6. a comparative analysis of the co ...	2007	17101642
the relationship between quinolone exposures and resistance amplification is characterized by an inverted u: a new paradigm for optimizing pharmacodynamics to counterselect resistance.	we determined the relationship between garenoxacin exposure and quinolone-resistant subpopulations for three bacterial isolates in an in vitro hollow-fiber infection model. an "inverted-u" relationship was identified wherein resistant subpopulations rose initially and then declined with increasing exposure, until reaching a threshold that prevented resistance amplifications. different targets for the area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h/mic ratio were required for different bacteria ...	2007	17116679
a role for the conserved gaftga motif of aaa+ transcription activators in sensing promoter dna conformation.	transcription from sigma54-dependent bacterial promoters can be regarded as a second paradigm for bacterial gene transcription. the initial sigma54-rna polymerase (rnap).promoter complex, the closed complex, is transcriptionally silent. the transcriptionally proficient sigma54-rnap.promoter complex, the open complex, is formed upon remodeling of the closed complex by actions of a specialized activator protein that belongs to the aaa (atpases associated with various cellular activities) protein f ...	2007	17090527
nosocomial liver abscess caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae.	a nosocomial pyogenic liver abscess caused by an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolate presented in a man with adenocarcinoma of the stomach. the k. pneumoniae strain isolated from blood and liver aspirate cultures after antibiotic therapy for recurrent bacteremia was resistant to all extended-spectrum beta-lactams except imipenem and differed from k. pneumoniae strains causing community-acquired liver abscesses.	2007	17093025
fulminant endogenous klebsiella pneumoniae endophthalmitis: imaging findings.	endogenous endophthalmitis is a rare but serious complication of klebsiella pneumoniae infection that has been predominantly reported to occur in diabetic patients of east asian origin with k. pneumoniae liver abscesses. the clinical symptoms and signs of endogenous endophthalmitis are nonspecific and may mimic other causes of an acute non-traumatic eye. permanent visual loss and blindness are common sequelae because of delayed diagnosis and treatment. computed tomography and magnetic resonance ...	2007	17109124
wide geographic spread of diverse acquired ampc beta-lactamases among escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. in the uk and ireland.	to determine the distribution of acquired ampc beta-lactamases in 173 isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. submitted to the uk's national reference laboratory for antibiotic resistance.	2007	17110393
leaching and microbial treatment of a soil contaminated by sulphide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons.	contaminated soil from a historical industrial site and containing sulfide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons underwent sequential leaching by 0.5 m citrate and microbial treatments. heavy metals leaching was with the following efficiency scale: cu (58.7%) > pb (55.1%) > zn (44.5%) > cd (42.9%) > cr (26.4%) > ni (17.7%) > co (14.0%) > as (12.4%) > fe (5.3%) > hg (1.1%) and was accompanied by concomitant removal of organic contaminants (about 13%). leached metals were concentrated into an iron g ...	2007	17136366
antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens that cause community-acquired urinary tract infections in antananarivo, madagascar.	urinary tract pathogens obtained from patients in madagascar are becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics that are readily available at a low price. this poses a real problem for the treatment of community-acquired urinary tract infections (utis) in madagascar.	2007	17138569
klebsiella pneumoniae isolate producing at least eight different beta-lactamases, including ampc and kpc beta-lactamases.		2007	17145795
plasmid-mediated kpc-2 in a klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from china.	a carbapenem-resistant isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae producing class a carbapenemase kpc-2 was identified in zhejiang, china. the kpc-2 gene was located on an approximately 60-kb plasmid in a genetic environment partially different from that of blakpc-2 in the isolates from the united states and colombia.	2007	17145797
study of nosocomial primary bloodstream infections in a pediatric intensive care unit.	bloodstream infections (bsi) are the commonest cause of nosocomial infections (ni) in picu. knowledge about their magnitude, risk factors and outcome are important in devising appropriate prevention and control measures. our objective was to study the incidence, etiology, risk factors and outcome of primary bsi in picu. a prospective cohort of 285 patients consecutively admitted to picu from july 2003-04, having a stay of >48 h, were enrolled and monitored for bsi till discharge from icu or deat ...	2007	17151083
capsular serotype k1 or k2, rather than maga and rmpa, is a major virulence determinant for klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess in singapore and taiwan.	capsular serotypes, maga, and rmpa have been documented in high prevalence for klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess. to investigate the regional difference and the correlation of capsular serotype, maga, and rmpa with virulence, 73 isolates were collected in singapore and taiwan. capsular serotypes were determined by countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, the presence of maga and rmpa was determined by pcr, and virulence was determined by phagocytosis and mouse inoculation. isolates from singapore ...	2007	17151209
ctx-m: changing the face of esbls in europe.	since around 2000 - earlier in poland and spain and later in france and the uk - dramatic shifts have occurred in the prevalence and types of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in europe. before this watershed, most producers were nosocomial isolates, often klebsiella spp. or enterobacter spp. from specialist care units, and had mutant tem or shv esbls. subsequently, ctx-m esbls have become dominant, with much greater penetration into escherichia coli, and with many infections in 'complic ...	2007	17158117
signal recognition particle-dependent inner membrane targeting of the pulg pseudopilin component of a type ii secretion system.	the pseudopilin pulg is an essential component of the pullulanase-specific type ii secretion system from klebsiella oxytoca. pulg is the major subunit of a short, thin-filament pseudopilus, which presumably elongates and retracts in the periplasm, acting as a dynamic piston to promote pullulanase secretion. it has a signal sequence-like n-terminal segment that, according to studies with green and red fluorescent protein chimeras, anchors unassembled pulg in the inner membrane. we analyzed the ea ...	2007	17158657
inhibition of gene expression and growth by antisense peptide nucleic acids in a multiresistant beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strain.	klebsiella pneumoniae causes common and severe hospital- and community-acquired infections with a high incidence of multidrug resistance. the emergence and spread of beta-lactamase-producing k. pneumoniae strains highlight the need to develop new therapeutic strategies. in this study, we developed antisense peptide nucleic acids (pnas) conjugated to the (kff)(3)k peptide and investigated whether they could mediate gene-specific antisense effects in k. pneumoniae. no outer membrane permeabilizati ...	2007	17158940
malakoplakia of the prostate on needle core biopsy: a case report and review of the literature.	malakoplakia is a rare inflammatory disorder that results from an infectious process and that may be associated with immunosuppression. it most often occurs in the genitourinary tract; however, isolated cases have been reported in many other organs, including colon, stomach, lung, liver, bone, uterus, and skin. in the bladder, which is the most common site of involvement, it may be mistaken for malignancy on cystoscopic examination or computerized topography scan. gram-negative bacteria such as ...	2007	17172507
bismuth-norfloxacin complex: synthesis, physicochemical and antimicrobial evaluation.	norfloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which is active against various gram-positive as well as gram-negative microorganisms. presence of metal ions considerably alters the activity of fluoroquinolones against potentially susceptible bacteria. as bismuth is known to possess a good antibacterial activity, bismuth complex of norfloxacin was prepared by reacting bismuth citrate with aqueous solution of norfloxacin. the structure of the bismuth-norfloxacin complex (bnc) was confirmed b ...	2007	17174046
use of boronic acid disk methods to detect the combined expression of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of klebsiella spp., salmonella spp., and proteus mirabilis.	a study using boronic acid (ba), an ampc enzyme inhibitor, was designed to detect the combined expression of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases (pampcs) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in bacterial isolates naturally lacking chromosomal ampc genes. a total of 122 klebsiella spp., salmonella spp., and proteus mirabilis isolates producing or nonproducing pampcs and/or esbls were analyzed. detection of genes encoding esbls and ampcs was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ...	2007	17174510
emerging invasive liver abscess caused by k1 serotype klebsiella pneumoniae in korea.	the high incidence of invasive liver abscess caused by klebsiella pneumoniae in taiwan, contrasted with the rareness of this disease in western countries, has aroused special interest. there have been few detailed reports from other asian countries. to investigate a current epidemiology of k. pneumoniae liver abscess in korea and to determine k serotype distribution in k. pneumoniae strains causing liver abscess, we performed a nationwide prospective study.	2007	17175028
comparative activities of cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam tested against a global collection of escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. with an esbl phenotype.	cefepime exhibits more stability to hydrolysis by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) compared with other cephalosporins, and piperacillin/tazobactam may be active against these pathogens because of the enzyme inhibitory activity of tazobactam. thus, we evaluated the in vitro activity of these 2 antimicrobials against a large collection of isolates with an esbl phenotype. a total of 50,637 clinical isolates (34,367 escherichia coli and 16,270 klebsiella spp.) collected from more than 80 me ...	2007	17141461
a second galacturonic acid transferase is required for core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and complete capsule association with the cell surface in klebsiella pneumoniae.	the core lipopolysaccharide (lps) of klebsiella pneumoniae contains two galacturonic acid (gala) residues, but only one gala transferase (wabg) has been identified. data from chemical and structural analysis of lps isolated from a wabo mutant show the absence of the inner core beta-gala residue linked to l-glycero-d-manno-heptose iii (l,d-hep iii). an in vitro assay demonstrates that the purified wabo is able to catalyze the transfer of gala from udp-gala to the acceptor lps isolated from the wa ...	2007	17142396
comparison of bactec plus blood culture media to bact/alert fa blood culture media for detection of bacterial pathogens in samples containing therapeutic levels of antibiotics.	blood culture bottles with antimicrobial removal systems are recommended for patients who develop fever while on antibiotics. this study compared the ability of becton dickinson (sparks, md) bactec plus bottles and biomerieux (durham, nc) bact/alert fa bottles to effectively remove vancomycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, ampicillin, oxacillin, gentamicin, and a combination of gentamicin/penicillin, thus allowing bacterial pathogens to grow. each bottle was spiked w ...	2007	17166960
detection of a new shv-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, shv-31, in a klebsiella pneumoniae strain causing a large nosocomial outbreak in the netherlands.	a klebsiella pneumoniae strain resistant to third-generation cephalosporins was isolated in the eastern netherlands. the strain was found to carry a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, namely, shv-31. the combination of the two mutations by which shv-31 differs from shv-1, namely, l35q and e240k, had previously only been described in association with one or more additional mutations.	2007	17178800
evaluation of a new selective chromogenic agar medium for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae.	a novel chromogenic agar medium (esbl-bx; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was compared to macconkey agar supplemented with 2 mg ceftazidime/liter (mckc) for the selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae directly from clinical samples. of a total of 644 clinical specimens (including 551 fecal samples), 496 yielded no growth and 148 yielded growth on one or both media. overall, 44 esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae ...	2007	17182756
ankylosing spondylitis is linked to klebsiella--the evidence.	ankylosing spondylitis (as) is a chronic inflammatory spinal and large-joint arthritic and potentially disabling condition, mainly affecting males of young age groups. extensive literature based on the results of various genetic, microbiological, molecular and immunological studies carried out by independent research groups suggests that klebsiella pneumoniae is the main microbial agent being implicated as a triggering and/or perpetuating factor in the etiopathogenesis of as. novel diagnostic ma ...	2007	17186116
culturable and vbnc vibrio cholerae: interactions with chironomid egg masses and their bacterial population.	vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is autochthonous to various aquatic environments. recently, it was found that chironomid (nonbiting midges) egg masses serve as a reservoir for the cholera bacterium and that flying chironomid adults are possible windborne carriers of v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139. chironomids are the most widely distributed insect in freshwater. females deposit egg masses at the water's edge, and each egg mass contains eggs embedded in a gelatinous matrix. hemagglu ...	2007	17186156
differences in the changes in resistance patterns to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and piperacillin/tazobactam among klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli clinical isolates following a restriction policy in a greek tertiary care hospital.	the aim of the present study was to investigate whether replacement of broad-spectrum cephalosporins (ceps) by piperacillin/tazobactam (tzp) as first-line empirical therapy may have an effect on beta-lactam resistance among klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli in a tertiary care hospital. data regarding cep and tzp consumption and resistance were collected on a bimonthly basis during an open-label 2-year (1 year observational and 1 year interventional) study. consumption of ceftazidime was ...	2007	17189092
[etiology of nosocomial surgical infections caused by gram-negative bacteria, and profile of their antibiotic resistance].	microbiological monitoring of microbial landscape of gram-negative bacteria--etiological agents of nosocomial surgical infections--was performed as well as their level of antibiotic resistance was studied. two hundred forty-four strains were isolated. antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the method of serial microdilutions. spectrum of gram-negative microorganisms was represented by 3 groups: fermenting (62.7%), nonfermenting (34.8%), and nonidentified microbes (2.5%). spectrum of gram-n ...	2007	18041124
[nosocomial infection: study of prevalence at a public teaching hospital].	this study aimed to determine the prevalence of nosocomial infection (ni) and distribution for topography and microorganism and its antimicrobial sensibility. the study was carried out in two intensive care units (icus) of a public teaching hospital of teresina, with sampling of 394 ni cases and processed by the spss software. the respiratory infection was the biggest prevalence (61.26%) in the general icu. it was found a bigger bacterial sensibility to amicacine (52.48%) in the icu of the er. t ...	2007	18041525
antimicrobial resistance in 11 hospitals in puerto rico: results of an antimicrobial resistance management (arm) program.	the antimicrobial resistance management program (armp) was established in 1997 at the university of florida as an ongoing project to document trends in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in inpatient/outpatient isolates and track resistance that may occur with specific antibiotic use.	2007	18035809
detection of amp c beta lactamases production in escherichia coli & klebsiella by an inhibitor based method.	detection of ampc-mediated resistance in gram-negative organisms poses a problem due to misleading results in phenotypic tests. there are no recommended guidelines for detection of this resistance mechanism and there is a need to address this issue as much as the detection of extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls) since both may co-exist and mask each other. though resistance to cefoxitin is used as a screening test, it does not reliably indicate amp c production. this study was undertaken to ...	2007	18037717
[antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactams of gram-negative microorganisms--causative agents of nosocomial infections].	profiles and mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics of isolates of gram-negative microorganisms, which are causative agents of infections in intensive care unit of hospital surgery department, were studied. two hundred and ten clinical isolates were studied: pseudomonas aeruginosa--86 strains (40.9%), acinetobacter baummanii--45 strains (21.4%), klebsiella pneumoniae--52 strains (24.8%), escherichia coli--23 strains (11%), enterobacter spp.--4 strains (1.9%). profiles of antibiotic ...	2007	18038541
[pertussis toxin and cross-reactive antigens in dynamics of bordetella pertussis cultivation].	cultures of bordetella pertussis from phases of exponential growth, retarded growth and from stationary phase were obtained during periodic dynamic cultivation. preparations for intravenous immunization of rabbits were made from these cultures. levels of igg to pertussis toxin, cell walls preparations from 12 bacterial species, 4 organo-specific antigens, and 7 organospecific human antigens were measured in obtained sera. it was shown that higher levels of igg to pertussis toxin were found in se ...	2007	18038548
salmonella host range of bacteriophages that infect multiple genera.	conventionally, bacteriophages are considered viruses capable of amplification only in a narrow range of closely related bacteria. presently, we selected bacteriophages with the ability to infect more than 1 bacterial genus. initially, wild-type bacteriophages were selected for ability to form plaques in salmonella enteritidis agar overlays. for determination of host specificity, a pool of 44 bacteriophages was combined with each bacterial isolate in tryptic soy broth. this mixture was incubated ...	2007	18029799
resistant gram-negative bacilli: a neglected healthcare crisis?	infections caused by drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are a growing threat to the healthcare community and clinicians are encouraged to employ a combination of strategies for effective prevention and treatment of these difficult infections.	2007	18029939
gram-negative bacillary community acquired meningitis is not a rare entity in last two decades.	the aim of this short note is to assess gram-negative bacillary community acquired meningitis (cbm) and nosocomial meningitis (nm) within 17 years nationwide survey. all cases of gram-negative bacillary cbm within 1990-2007 were assessed in national database of 372 patients with bacterial meningitis: 69 of gram-negative cases were nosocomial and 24 of gram-negative meningitis cases were cbm. those 24 cases were compared with all cbm (201 cases) for risk factors and outcome. among nosocomial gram ...	2007	18030268
picomolar inhibitors as transition-state probes of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases.	transition states can be predicted from an enzyme's affinity to related transition-state analogues. 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidases (mtans) are involved in bacterial quorum sensing pathways and thus are targets for antibacterial drug design. the transition-state characteristics of six mtans are compared by analyzing dissociation constants (k(d)) with a small array of representative transition-state analogues. these inhibitors mimic early or late dissociative transition states with k(d) valu ...	2007	18030989
bioprospecting highly diverse endophytic pestalotiopsis spp. with antibacterial properties from maytenus ilicifolia, a medicinal plant from brazil.	thirteen endophytic fungal strains of the genus pestalotiopsis were isolated from the medicinal plant maytenus ilicifolia mart. ex. reiss (commonly known as "espinheira santa") and their antimicrobial properties were investigated. two isolates were successful in inhibiting the growth of the tested microorganisms (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)) using the technique of bioautographic thin-la ...	2007	18026204
[fundamental study on the selection of antimicrobial prophylactic agents in abdominal surgery].	most infections after abdominal operations are endogenous and occur by disseminating bacteria present in the intestinal tract during operation. the risk of developing surgical site infection after abdominal operations is related to the extent of intestinal contamination during operation and to the density and type of bacteria in the intestinal tract. although antimicrobial prophylactic agents must be active against contaminating bacteria during operation, it should not cover all contaminating ba ...	2007	18018416
[study of the cases with multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa by sputum culture].	we evaluated the clinical features of multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa cases determined by sputum culture between april, 2005 and december, 2006. the clinical features of most cases were: (1) pneumonia in the elderly with cerebrovascular diseases, (2) previous administration of carbapenems and antipseudomonal cephems, (3) pipc, caz and isp sensitve mdrp, (4) mrsa was isolated concurrently, (5) not necessary of therapy against mdrp, (6) good outcome.	2007	18018622
role of bile bacteria in gallbladder carcinoma.	long standing calculus disease has been observed to be a risk factor for gallbladder carcinoma. however it is possible that calculi may be incriminated by some means other than just chronic irritation. calculi may induce an element of stasis, promoting chronic infection leading to increased turnover of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids, which are known tumor promoters and initiators. this study aimed to find the prevalence of biliary microflora in gallbladder carcinoma and association o ...	2007	18019679
[imipenem-resistant k. pneumoniae isolated from phlegm of an infant undergone mechanical ventilation].		2007	18021547
[electron microscopic analysis of biofilm on tracheal tubes removed from intubated neonates and the relationship between bilofilm and lower respiratory infection].	mechanical ventilation support is a very important method for the salvage of serious patients. however, it can result in the formation of an adherent matrix of bacteria on the surfaces of implanted materials which is termed "biofilm". biofilm is dense bacterial communities attached to a solid surface and surrounded by an exopolysaccharide matrix. one of the most important features of bacterial biofilm is their resistance to antimicrobial agents and host immune system components. as a consequence ...	2007	18021554
[relationship between isolation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae and course of hospital-acquired pneumonia].	to evaluate relationship between isolation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strains and course of hospital-acquired pneumonia.	2007	17998794
in vitro synthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase from iron, sulfur, molybdenum, and homocitrate using purified proteins.	biological nitrogen fixation, the conversion of atmospheric n2 to nh3, is an essential process in the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen that supports life on earth. most of the biological nitrogen fixation is catalyzed by the molybdenum nitrogenase, which contains at its active site one of the most complex metal cofactors known to date, the iron-molybdenum cofactor (femo-co). femo-co is composed of 7fe, 9s, mo, r-homocitrate, and one unidentified light atom. here we demonstrate the complet ...	2007	17978192
epidemiology of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in a tunisian pediatric intensive care unit: a 2-year prospective study.	there are few data providing rates of nosocomial bloodstream infections (nbi) in pediatric intensive care patients from developing regions of the world.	2007	17980241
novel antibacterial activity of monolaurin compared with conventional antibiotics against organisms from skin infections: an in vitro study.	a cross-sectional laboratory study to determine the in vitro sensitivity and resistance of organisms in culture isolates from skin infections and mechanisms of action of monolaurin, a coconut lauric acid derivative, compared with 6 common antibiotics: penicillin, oxacillin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, erythromycin, and vancomycin.	2007	17966176
community-acquired klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in an alcoholic patient with an infected pancreatic pseudocyst; a case report and review of literature.	abstract: we report a case of a 49-year-old male with a history of chronic alcoholism and evidence of a pancreatic pseudocyst on ct scanning. he presented with a 3-days history of fever, loss of appetite and upper abdominal pain. blood cultures grew klebsiella pneumoniae and he improved clinically with a seven-day course of intravenous co-amoxiclav and metronidazole. two weeks later he was readmitted to hospital with impaired consciousness and septic shock, and died three days later in intensive ...	2007	17967181