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evaluation of the 3m rapid detection test for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children during the early stages of the 2009 rsv season.we report the results of the 3m rapid detection respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) assay. this study includes pediatric patient results from nasopharyngeal swabs submitted from october to december 2009. there was a sensitivity of 74% and specificity approaching 100% compared to the pcr-based xtag respiratory viral panel.201021177903
[effect of qingkailing injection on children with respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of phlegm-heat obstructing fei syndrome pattern at different time-points].to evaluate the curative effect of qingkailing injection (qkl) for treatment of children's respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of phlegm-heat obstructing fei syndrome pattern (svp-ph) depending upon main symptom assessment.201021180082
influenza a infection in young infants.objective to determine the clinical characteristics of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with influenza a. study design the study was a retrospective analysis of infants ≤2 months old hospitalised with fever, respiratory distress and/or sepsis. clinical signs, laboratory values, hospital duration and outcome were compared between children with influenza a and other viruses. results the charts of 268 infants were reviewed. 29 (11%) children had laboratory-confirmed influenza a infection. unique ...201021030378
performance of a rapid antigen test (binax now® rsv) for diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction in a pediatric population.infants from alaska's yukon-kuskokwim delta (ykd) have a high respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization rate (104/1000/yr). appropriate patient management requires rapid and accurate rsv diagnosis. antigen-based methods are often used in clinical settings, but these tests can lack sensitivity.201021163694
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children ≤2 years of age hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections in the russian federation: a prospective, multicenter study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children, and is responsible for an estimated four million deaths per year globally. a monthly injection of palivizumab has been used for prophylaxis of serious rsv infections among high-risk children in 71 countries since 1998 and approval for use in the russian federation was obtained in february 2010. a recommendation for rsv prophylaxis in the russian federation would r ...201021042555
respiratory syncytial virus is associated with an inflammatory response in lungs and architectural remodeling of lung-draining lymph nodes of newborn lambs.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children worldwide. the understanding of neonatal rsv pathogenesis depends on using an animal model that reproduces neonatal rsv disease. previous studies from us and others demonstrated that the neonatal lamb model resembles human neonatal rsv infection. here, we provide an extensive and detailed characterization of the histopathology, viral load, cellular infiltration, and cytokine production in lung ...201020935230
evaluation of a synthetic peptide as a replacement for the recombinant fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus in a potency elisa.this report describes the development of a potency elisa using a peptide derived from the motavizumab binding epitope of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f-protein. motavizumab is an antibody therapeutic studied for the prevention of rsv disease. it binds to the rsv glycoprotein f (f-protein), blocking the ability of rsv to fuse with target cells. this binding is the basis for a potency elisa, however, due to inefficient f-protein production, development of an alternative ligand for the potency ...201020943340
meta-analysis of passive immunoprophylaxis in paediatric patients at risk of severe rsv infection.to review respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), passive immunoprophylaxis (pi) trials and meta-analysis (ma).201020950412
influence of lipids on the interfacial disposition of respiratory syncytical virus matrix protein.the propensity of a matrix protein from an enveloped virus of the mononegavirales family to associate with lipids representative of the viral envelope has been determined using label-free methods, including tensiometry and brewster angle microscopy on lipid films at the air-water interface and atomic force microscopy on monolayers transferred to ots-treated silicon wafers. this has enabled factors that influence the disposition of the protein with respect to the lipid interface to be characteriz ...201021141948
age related changes in t cell mediated immune response and effector memory to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in healthy subjects.abstract: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major pathogen causing respiratory disease in young infants and it is an important cause of serious illness in the elderly since the infection provides limited immune protection against reinfection. in order to explain this phenomenon, we investigated whether healthy adults of different age (20-40; 41-60 and > 60 years), have differences in central and effector memory, rsv-specific cd8+ t cell memory immune response and regulatory t cell express ...201020961416
genetic susceptibility to the delayed sequelae of neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection is mhc dependent.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory morbidity, resulting in hospitalization for bronchiolitis in some infected infants that is associated with wheeze in later life. genetic factors are known to affect the severity of the sequelae after rsv infection, but the complexity of the temporal and genetic effects makes it difficult to analyze this response in studies in man. therefore, we developed a murine genetic model to analyze the sequelae occurring after rsv infection ...201020921522
effects of human respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 3 and influenza virus on cd4+ t cell activation by dendritic cells.background: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), and to a lesser extent human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), re-infect symptomatically throughout life without antigenic change, suggestive of incomplete immunity. one causative factor is thought to be viral interference with dendritic cell (dc)-mediated stimulation of cd4+ t cells. methodology, principal findings: we infected human monocyte-derived dc with purified hrsv, hmpv, hpiv3, or influenza a virus ...201021124776
coupled nucleotide and mucin hypersecretion from goblet cell metaplastic human airway epithelium.adenosine triphosphate (atp) and its metabolite adenosine regulate airway mucociliary clearance via activation of purinoceptors. in this study, we investigated the contribution of goblet cells to airway epithelial atp release. primary human bronchial epithelial (hbe) cultures, typically dominated by ciliated cells, were induced to develop goblet cell metaplasia by infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or treatment with interleukin-13 (il-13). under resting conditions, goblet cell meta ...201020935191
[rnai-based medicine]. 201020976936
nk cell deficiency predisposes to viral-induced th2-type allergic inflammation via epithelial-derived il-25.severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has long been associated with an increased risk for the development of childhood asthma and exacerbations of this disorder. despite much research into the induction of th2 responses by allergens and helminths, the factors associated with viral infection that predispose to th2-regulated asthma remain unknown. recently, clinical studies have shown reduced numbers of nk cells in infants suffering from a severe rsv infection. here we demonstrate tha ...201020855881
allergic sensitization is associated with rhinovirus-, but not other virus-, induced wheezing in children.data on the link between atopy and viral wheeze are limited. aim: to evaluate the association between ige sensitization and viral infection in wheezing children.201020977499
respiratory syncytial virus and asthma: still no final answer. 201020978023
circulating antibody-secreting cells during acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults.the specificity and duration of circulating human antibody-secreting cells (ascs) after vaccination have been well described, but characteristics of ascs during acute respiratory infections have not been well studied.201020979459
therapeutic targeting of respiratory syncytial virus g-protein.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and an important pathogen of the elderly and immune suppressed. the only intervention currently available is a monoclonal antibody against the rsv fusion protein, which has shown utility as a prophylactic for high-risk premature infants, but which has not shown postinfection therapeutic efficacy in the specific rsv-infected populations studied. thus, for the major susceptible populat ...201020874649
[experimental research on anti-respiratory syncytial virus effect in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid].to explore the antivirus function in vitro of earthworm coelomic fluid (ecf) by researching its effect on inhibiting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).201021110430
[research on the methods for titrating respiratory syncytial virus].respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants. it is very important to quantitative assay of rsv titer in the study on rsv pathogenesis, candidate vaccine and antiviral treatment. therefore, we develop real-time quantitative pcr (q-pcr) assay and enzyme immunospots (eis) for titrating rsv and compare them with traditional 50% tissue culture infectious doses (tcid50).201021110441
detection of respiratory syncytial virus using nanoparticle amplified immuno-polymerase chain reaction.in traditional immuno-polymerase chain reaction (immuno-pcr), a single antibody recognition event is associated with one to three dna tags, which are subsequently amplified by pcr. here we describe a nanoparticle-amplified immuno-pcr (npa-ipcr) assay that combines antibody recognition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a 50-fold nanoparticle valence amplification step prior to tag amplification by pcr. the assay detects a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) surface protein using an ...201021111702
recurrent wheezing in the third year of life among children born at 32 weeks' gestation or later: relationship to laboratory-confirmed, medically attended infection with respiratory syncytial virus during the first year of life.to quantify the relationship between recurrent wheezing (rw) in the third year of life and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, prematurity, and neonatal oxygen exposure.201020921348
treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review.palivizumab has proven efficacy for prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in infants with prematurity or congenital heart disease. despite a paucity of data, palivizumab is sometimes used to prevent progression when high-risk patients present with upper respiratory tract infection (urti) due to rsv, or as therapy when any patients present with severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) caused by rsv.201021080142
assembly and immunological properties of newcastle disease virus-like particles containing the respiratory syncytial virus f and g proteins.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a serious respiratory pathogen in infants and young children as well as elderly and immunocompromised populations. however, no rsv vaccines are available. we have explored the potential of virus-like particles (vlps) as an rsv vaccine candidate. vlps composed entirely of rsv proteins were produced at levels inadequate for their preparation as immunogens. however, vlps composed of the newcastle disease virus (ndv) nucleocapsid and membrane proteins and c ...201020980510
immunomodulation with il-4r alpha antisense oligonucleotide prevents respiratory syncytial virus-mediated pulmonary disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants worldwide. severe rsv infections in infants cause bronchiolitis, wheeze, and/or cough and significantly increase the risk for developing asthma. rsv pathogenesis is thought to be due to a th2-type immune response initiated in response to rsv infection, specifically in the infant. using a neonatal mouse system as an appropriate model for human infants, we sought to determine whether local inhibition of il-4rα ...201020861354
viruses and bacteria in acute asthma exacerbations--a ga² len-dare systematic review.a major part of the burden of asthma is caused by acute exacerbations. exacerbations have been strongly and consistently associated with respiratory infections. respiratory viruses and bacteria are therefore possible treatment targets. to have a reasonable estimate of the burden of disease induced by such infectious agents on asthmatic patients, it is necessary to understand their nature and be able to identify them in clinical samples by employing accurate and sensitive methodologies. this syst ...201021087215
reduced innate immune response, apoptosis, and virus release in cells cured of respiratory syncytial virus persistent infection.it has been reported that cell clones isolated at different passages from a culture of hep-2 cells infected persistently with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) were cured of the virus. further studies on one of these clones (31c1) are reported here, showing that 31c1 cells can still be infected by hrsv but release low amounts of virus to the culture supernatant, develop smaller and less numerous syncytia than the original hep-2 cells, and display only a weak innate immune response to the ...201021093006
severe respiratory syncytial virus infection complicating treatment for infantile hemangioma. 201021093672
risk factors in children hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis versus non-rsv bronchiolitis.the trends in hospitalization rates and risk factors for severe bronchiolitis have not been recently described, especially after the routine implementation of prophylaxis for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections.201021098154
genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the major genes in respiratory syncytial virus isolated from infants with bronchiolitis.we performed the genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolated from 17 infants with bronchiolitis in kanagawa prefecture, japan in 2005 and 2006. the major genes in these samples (attachment [g] glycoprotein gene, fusion [f] protein gene, and nucleoprotein [n] gene) were sequenced and analyzed genetically. phylogenetic analysis of these genes revealed that 7 and 10 strains could be classified into subgroups a and b, respectively. phylogenetic analysis of the ...201021099088
right ventricular function in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis.previous studies have demonstrated the development of myocardial damage and hepatitis in children with severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the aim of this study was to assess right ventricular function in children with severe rsv disease and to investigate an association with disease severity, myocardial damage, and hepatitis.201021102401
respiratory virus infection and risk of invasive meningococcal disease in central ontario, canada.in temperate climates, invasive meningococcal disease (imd) incidence tends to coincide with or closely follow peak incidence of influenza virus infection; at a seasonal level, increased influenza activity frequently correlates with increased seasonal risk of imd.201021103353
creola bodies in infancy with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis predict the development of asthma.creola bodies (crbs) in the sputum are an indicator of respiratory epithelial damage and appear specifically in bronchial asthma. we studied the presence and clinical significance of crbs in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis contributing to the development of asthma.201020864800
nucleoprotein-rna orientation in the measles virus nucleocapsid by three-dimensional electron microscopy.recombinant measles virus nucleoprotein-rna (n-rna) helices were analyzed by negative-stain electron microscopy. three-dimensional reconstructions of trypsin-digested and intact nucleocapsids coupled to the docking of the atomic structure of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) n-rna subunit into the electron microscopy density map support a model that places the rna at the exterior of the helix and the disordered c-terminal domain toward the helix interior, and they suggest the position of the ...201021106738
the infectious march: the complex interaction between microbes and the immune system in asthma.there has been significant progress in our knowledge about the relationship between infectious disease and the immune system in relation to asthma, but many unanswered questions still remain. respiratory tract infections such as those caused by respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus during the first 2 years of life are still clearly associated with later wheezing and asthma, but the mechanism has not been completely worked out. is there an "infectious march" triggered by infection in infancy ...201021029932
[etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia in children].to investigate the etiology and epidemic characteristics of hospital acquired pneumonia (hap) in children.201021055271
unusual viral ligand with alternative interactions is presented by hla-cw4 in human respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells.short viral antigens bound to human major histocompatibility complex (hla) class i molecules are presented on infected cells. vaccine development frequently relies on synthetic peptides to identify optimal hla class i ligands. however, when natural peptides are analyzed, more complex mixtures are found. by immunoproteomics analysis, we identify in this study a physiologically processed hla ligand derived from the human respiratory syncytial virus matrix protein that is very different from what w ...201020975736
bayesian inference of the number of factors in gene-expression analysis: application to human virus challenge studies.nonparametric bayesian techniques have been developed recently to extend the sophistication of factor models, allowing one to infer the number of appropriate factors from the observed data. we consider such techniques for sparse factor analysis, with application to gene-expression data from three virus challenge studies. particular attention is placed on employing the beta process (bp), the indian buffet process (ibp), and related sparseness-promoting techniques to infer a proper number of facto ...201021062443
viral respiratory tract infections among patients with acute undifferentiated fever in vietnam.to investigate the proportion of viral respiratory tract infections among acute undifferentiated fevers (aufs) at primary health facilities in southern vietnam during 2001-2005, patients with auf not caused by malaria were enrolled at twelve primary health facilities and a clinic for malaria control program. serum was collected on first presentation (t0) and after 3 weeks (t3) for serology. after exclusion of acute dengue infection, acute and convalescent serum samples from 606 patients were usi ...201021073032
surface display of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins in lactococcus lactis nz9000.a system for displaying heterologous respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) glycoproteins on the surface of lactococcus lactis nz9000 was developed.201020973806
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna loads in peripheral blood correlates with disease severity in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is usually restricted to the respiratory epithelium. few studies have documented the presence of rsv in the systemic circulation, however there is no consistent information whether virus detection in the blood correlates with disease severity.201020843364
[activation of tlr3 pathway in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome induced by respiratory syncytial virus in rat model].to explore the activation of toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) pathway on the process of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induced nephropathy.201020848777
rebuttal: palivizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 201020944037
decreased toll-like receptor 8 expression and lower tnf-α synthesis in infants with acute rsv infection.toll-like receptors (tlrs) are part of the innate immune system, able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and activate immune system upon pathogen challenge. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a rna virus particularly detrimental in infancy. it could cause severe lower respiratory tract disease and recurrent infections related to inadequate development of anti-viral immunity. the reason could be inadequate multiple tlrs engagement, including tlr8 in recognition of single-strand ...201020946625
seasonal patterns of viral and bacterial infections among children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region.community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is a common cause of morbidity among children. evidence on seasonality, especially on the frequency of viral and bacterial causative agents is scarce; such information may be useful in an era of changing climate conditions worldwide. to analyze the frequency of distinct infections, meteorological indicators and seasons in children hospitalized for cap in salvador, brazil, nasopharyngeal aspirate and blood were collected from 184 patients aged < 5 y over a 21-mo ...201020608763
economic results of a palivizumab seasonal prophylaxis using a cohorting software and vial sharing.respiratory syncytial virus is the most important pathogen in lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. in high-risk populations it may develop severe, sometimes fatal, lower respiratory tract infections. a proportion of these infants require admission to intensive care units due to the severity of the condition and the level of care needed. furthermore, we must consider the possible increased risk of asthma following rsv infection in infancy.201020609229
ikkε modulates rsv-induced nf-κb-dependent gene transcription.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a negative-strand rna virus, is the most common cause of epidemic respiratory disease in infants and young children. rsv infection of airway epithelial cells induces the expression of immune/inflammatory genes through the activation of a subset of transcription factors, including nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb). in this study we have investigated the role of the non canonical iκb kinase (ikk)ε in modulating rsv-induced nf-κb activation. our results show that inhibiti ...201020961594
inhibition of epithelial sodium channels by respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children worldwide. infection of mice with rsv decreased sodium (na(+)) dependent alveolar fluid clearance (afc), resulting in increased lung water content and hypoxemia. rsv infection resulted in higher levels of pyrimidines and purines in the alveolar space. intratracheal administration of utp or udp also decreased afc. the effects of rsv on afc and oxygen saturation of balb/c mice we ...201020716287
early wheeze reduces lung function: or is it viral infection? 201020963835
pattern recognition receptors and genetic risk for rsv infection: value for clinical decision-making?respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes respiratory tract infections, especially among young infants. practically, all infants are infected during epidemics and the clinical presentation ranges from subclinical to fatal infection. known risk factors for severe rsv infection include prematurity, age of <2 months, underlying chronic lung or heart diseases, serious neurological or metabolic disorders, immune deficiency (especially a disorder of cellular immunity), crowded living conditions, and in ...201020963841
a flow cytometry-based assay to assess rsv-specific neutralizing antibody is reproducible, efficient and accurate.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of respiratory infection in people of all ages, and is the leading cause of hospitalization in infants. although commercially available monoclonal antibody is available for passive prophylaxis of neonates at risk of severe disease, there is no available vaccine to prevent rsv. measurement of neutralizing activity will be a key endpoint for vaccine evaluation. assessment of neutralizing antibody against rsv has been limited to traditional pl ...201020727896
altered cardiac rhythm in infants with bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus infection.although the most frequent extra-pulmonary manifestations of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection involve the cardiovascular system, no data regarding heart function in infants with bronchiolitis associated with rsv infection have yet been systematically collected. the aim of this study was to verify the real frequency of heart involvement in patients with bronchiolitis associated with rsv infection, and whether infants with mild or moderate disease also risk heart malfunction.201020969802
a fluorescence polarization assay using an engineered human respiratory syncytial virus f protein as a direct screening platform.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) typically affects newborns and young children. even though it can cause severe and, in some cases, lifelong respiratory infections, there are currently no food and drug administration (fda)-approved therapeutics that control this virus. the hrsv f protein facilitates viral fusion, a critical extracellular event that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention by disrupting the assembly of a postfusion 6-helix bundle (6hb) within the hrsv f protein. here ...201020971054
inefficient lymph node sensitization during respiratory viral infection promotes il-17-mediated lung pathology.development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue has been suggested to enhance local antiviral immune responses; however, ectopic lymph node formation often corresponds to chronic inflammatory diseases. these studies investigated the role of ectopic pulmonary lymph nodes upon respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection using ccr7-deficient mice, which develop bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue early in life. ccr7(-/-) mice exhibited impaired secondary lymph node formation, enhanced effector t ...201020805422
responses against a subdominant cd8+ t cell epitope protect against immunopathology caused by a dominant epitope.cd8(+) t cell responses are critical for the control of virus infections. following infection, epitope-specific responses establish an unpredictable but reproducible pattern of dominance that is dictated by a large number of both positive and negative factors. immunodomination, or diminution of subdominant epitope-specific responses by dominant epitopes, can play a substantial role in the establishment of epitope hierarchy. to determine the role of a dominant (k(d)m2(82-90)) and a subdominant (d ...201020833834
interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ polymorphisms enhance cytokine production by human macrophages exposed to respiratory viruses.interleukin-6⁻¹⁷⁴ (il-6⁻¹⁷⁴) and tumor necrosis factor α⁻³⁰⁸ (tnfα⁻³⁰⁸) are high-cytokine-producing genotypes that are known to increase the susceptibility to infectious diseases, but their influence on cytokine production induced by respiratory viruses is unknown. we exposed human monocyte-derived macrophages from il-6⁻¹⁷⁴, tnfα⁻³⁰⁸, and normal genotype donors to different respiratory viruses. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) stimulation was associated with higher il-6 concentrations in il-6⁻¹ ...201020973681
human respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory tract infections in china.there are limited data on the prevalence and clinical and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in china. from december 2006 to march 2009, 894 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas) were collected from children under 14 years of age with artis. samples were screened for hrsv and genotyped by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and sequencing. demographic and clinical information was recorded. a total of 38.14% ...201020810776
two novel fusion inhibitors of human respiratory syncytial virus.to search for novel drugs against human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), we have screened a diversity collection of 16,671 compounds for anti-rsv activity in cultures of hep-2 cells. two of the hit compounds, i.e., the n-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxy-n-methyl-3-(6-methyl[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide (designated as p13) and the 1,4-bis(3-methyl-4-pyridinyl)-1,4-diazepane (designated as c15), reduced the virus infectivity with ic₅₀ values of 0.11 and 0.13μm respectively. ...201020965215
the role of respiratory virus infections in childhood asthma inception.viral respiratory illnesses associated with wheezing are extremely common during early life and remain a frequent cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. although many children who wheeze with respiratory viruses during infancy outgrow the problem, most children with asthma and reductions in lung function at school age begin wheezing during the first several years of life. whether symptomatic viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are causal in asthma development or si ...201021029935
respiratory syncytial virus infections in the adult asthmatic--mechanisms of host susceptibility and viral subversion.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a single-stranded rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of bronchiolitis in infants and is also conjectured to be an early-life influence on the development of asthma. although the data supporting a role for rsv in bronchiolitis in children are robust and evidence to support its role in juvenile asthmatics exists, rsv's role in asthma pathogenesis in adults is not as clearly defined. the authors review the literature to further elucidate rsv ...201021029936
respiratory syncytial virus infection in human bone marrow stromal cells.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. the pathophysiology of this infection in the respiratory system has been studied extensively, but little is known about its consequences in other systems. we studied whether rsv infects human bone marrow stromal cells (bmsc) in vitro and in vivo, and investigated whether and how this infection affects bmsc structure and hematopoietic support function. primary human bmsc were infected in vitro ...201020971883
comparison of commercial systems for extraction of nucleic acids from dna/rna respiratory pathogens.this study compared six automated nucleic acid extraction systems and one manual kit for their ability to recover nucleic acids from human nasal wash specimens spiked with five respiratory pathogens, representing gram-positive bacteria (streptococcus pyogenes), gram-negative bacteria (legionella pneumophila), dna viruses (adenovirus), segmented rna viruses (human influenza virus a), and non-segmented rna viruses (respiratory syncytial virus). the robots and kit evaluated represent major commerci ...201021034773
rapid detection of respiratory tract viral infections and coinfections in patients with influenza-like illnesses by use of reverse transcription-pcr dna microarray systems.we prospectively tested 95 nasal swabs or nasopharyngeal aspirates taken from 56 adults and 39 children visiting the reims university medical centre (northern france) for influenza-like illnesses (ili) during the early stage of the french influenza a/h1n1v pandemic (october 2009). respiratory samples were tested using a combination of two commercially available reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) dna microarray systems allowing rapid detection of influenza a virus strains, including the new a/h1n ...201020739481
[infections with respiratory syncytial virus in north lebanon--prevalence during winter 2008].between 1 december 2007 and 31 may 2008, we analysed 120 nasopharyngeal swabs for the presence respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in 120 children aged 15 days to 6 years, hospitalized in 2 hospitals in north lebanon. of the 120 samples, 32 were positive (26.7%) for rsv. there was a peak in january which progressively disappeared from february to may. being positive for rsv was significantly associated with the presence of rhinorrhoea and dyspnoea as clinical symptoms and the absence of ...201020799555
investigation of the influence of eps® 7630, a herbal drug preparation from pelargonium sidoides, on replication of a broad panel of respiratory viruses.the pelargonium sidoides extract eps® 7630 is an approved drug for the treatment of acute bronchitis in germany. the postulated mechanisms underlying beneficial effects of eps® 7630 in bronchitis patients include immunomodulatory and cytoprotective effects, inhibition of interaction between bacteria and host cells, and increase of cilliary beat frequency on respiratory cells. here, we investigated the influence of eps® 7630 on replication of a panel of respiratory viruses. determination of virus ...201021036571
serum antibodies critically affect virus-specific cd4+/cd8+ t cell balance during respiratory syncytial virus infections.following infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), reinfection in healthy individuals is common and presumably due to ineffective memory t cell responses. in peripheral blood of healthy adults, a higher cd4(+)/cd8(+) memory t cell ratio was observed compared with the ratio of virus-specific effector cd4(+)/cd8(+) t cells that we had found in earlier work during primary rsv infections. in mice, we show that an enhanced ratio of rsv-specific neutralizing to nonneutralizing abs profoundly ...201020971927
predicting the start week of respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks using real time weather variables.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of bronchiolitis, has a large impact on the census of pediatric hospitals during outbreak seasons. reliable prediction of the week these outbreaks will start, based on readily available data, could help pediatric hospitals better prepare for large outbreaks.201021044325
bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis.preliminary evidence suggests that viral-pertussis coinfections are common in nonvaccinated infants.201021046700
outcome after bronchiolitis depends on disease definition. 201021047864
severe pneumonia among kenyan infants and children. 201020810371
evaluation of commercial resplex ii v2.0, multicode-plx, and xtag respiratory viral panels for the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in adults.commercial multiplex pcr panels for respiratory viruses (prv) have been recently developed. resplex ii panel v2.0 (qiagen), multicode-plx (eragen biosciences), and xtag (luminex) prv's were studied. all assays detect influenza a and b, adenovirus, parainfluenza 1-3, respiratory syncytial virus a and b, human metapneumovirus and human rhinovirus. the resplex ii additionally detects coronavirus (229e, oc43, nl63, hku1), coxsackie/echo virus, bocavirus and differentiates adenoviruses (b, e). the mu ...201021050809
severe pneumonia among kenyan infants and children. 201020810372
molecular and demographic analysis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients admitted to king chulalongkorn memorial hospital, thailand, 2007.to preliminary preview the molecular character and its possible clinical correlation of rsv subgroups in thailand.201020716160
risk factors for seropositivity to bovine coronavirus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in dairy herds.a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association between herd-level characteristics, management routines and farm-level antibody status of bovine coronavirus (bcv) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in 257 swedish dairy herds. the possible spatial clustering of positive herds compared with negative herds was also investigated. for each herd, a pooled milk sample from five primiparous cows was analysed for the presence of antibodies to bcv and brsv. herd-level informat ...201020693503
the use of antimicrobial agents after diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in hospitalized adults: antibiotics or anxiolytics?because extensive antibiotic use by inpatients has been associated with the development of multidrug-resistant organisms, we aimed to determine which variables were associated with the use of antibiotics after viral respiratory tract infection diagnosis among adult patients admitted to the hospital with respiratory symptoms.201020923284
transforming growth factor beta is a major regulator of human neonatal immune responses following respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. previous studies have suggested that t-cell responses may contribute to rsv immunopathology, which could be driven by dendritic cells (dcs). dcs are productively infected by rsv, and during rsv infections, there is an increase of dcs in the lungs with a decrease in the blood. pediatric populations are particularly susceptible to severe rsv infections; however, dc responses to rsv from pediatric populations have not be ...201020926560
palivizumab prophylaxis in 'late preterm' newborns.in the last decades the preterm birth rate rose more than 20%, largely because of an increase among deliveries of 'late preterm' infants, i.e. those born at 34 to 36 weeks gestational age. late preterm infants are more susceptible to infection by pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), possibly because of the immaturity of both the respiratory system and the immune system. as a consequence, similar risks of serious rsv illness have been observed in late preterm and preterm (born ≤ ...201020695756
gene expression differences in lungs of mice during secondary immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection.vaccine-induced immunity has been shown to alter the course of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection both in murine models and in humans. to elucidate which mechanisms underlie the effect of vaccine-induced immunity on the course of rsv infection, transcription profiles in the lungs of rsv-infected mice were examined by microarray analysis. three models were used: rsv reinfection as a model for natural immunity, rsv challenge after formalin-inactivated rsv vaccination as a model for vacc ...201020592085
[respiratory syncytial virus]. 201020942089
a protein transduction domain located at the nh2-terminus of human translationally controlled tumor protein for delivery of active molecules to cells.protein transduction domains (ptds) are small peptides, able to penetrate biological membranes and deliver various types of cargo both in vitro and in vivo. because use of ptds originating from viral origins resulted in undesired effects, ptds originating from non-viral origins are needed. here, we report that a 10-amino acid peptide (miiyrdlish) derived from the nh(2)-terminus of human translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) functions as a ptd. this peptide was internalized through lipi ...201020863558
palivizumab for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection.question: palivizumab, a specific monoclonal antibody for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), is available for prevention of pediatric respiratory tract infections. what are the indications for its use and can it be used for treatment of rsv infections? answer: most infants should not be considered for rsv prophylaxis with palivizumab. the drug is approved for use for different indications in different canadian provinces. the drug should be administered only in the context of infants most vulnera ...201020705882
noninvasive monitoring of respiratory viruses in wild chimpanzees.to diagnose respiratory disease among wild great apes, there is a need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. therefore, we analyzed fecal samples from habituated chimpanzees from taï national park, côte d'ivoire. samples had been collected during four distinct outbreaks: two with known aetiology (march 2004 and february 2006) and two with unknown aetiology (october 2004 and august 2005). fecal samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) ...201020865440
etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia in adult patients in turkey; a multicentric, cross-sectional study.this cross-sectional study was intended to investigate the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients receiving no prior antibiotic therapy. etiological agents were identified in 137 (62.8%) of 218 patients, the most frequent being streptococcus pneumoniae (14.7%), mycoplasma pneumoniae (13.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (10.1%). a single pathogen was detected in 50.9% of cases and mixed pathogens in 11.9%. typical pathogens were determined in 35.8% of cases, atypical ...201020865563
nationwide survey of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children who do not meet indications for palivizumab in japan.in japan, palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), has been available since 2002. however, its use is limited to children at risk of severe rsv infection, with specific criteria that have been validated in large-scale clinical studies. the pharmaceutical committee of the japan pediatric society established a committee to conduct a nationwide questionnaire survey to determine which diseases place children at risk of severe rsv infection and requ ...201020872156
molecular quantification of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory samples: reliable detection during the initial phase of infection.quantitative real-time pcr for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) rna is increasingly used to study the causal role of rsv in lower airway disease. the objective of our study was to evaluate variations in rsv rna loads at different steps in the rna quantification process: (i) variation in rsv rna load within one sample (step 1), (ii) variation in the load in samples from patients who were sampled twice on the same day (step 2), and (iii) variation in the load between simultaneous ...201020660210
immunohistochemical assessment of respiratory viruses in necropsy samples from lethal non-pandemic seasonal respiratory infections.acute respiratory infections are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality throughout the world, and viruses have often been reported to be an aetiological agent. this study aimed to identify respiratory viruses in paraffin-embedded samples of paediatric lung necropsy specimens, using immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray slides.201020876328
how innate immune mechanisms contribute to antibody-enhanced viral infections.preexisting antibodies may enhance viral infections. in dengue, nonneutralizing antibodies raised by natural infection with one of four dengue viruses (denvs) may enhance infection with a different virus by a process we term "intrinsic antibody-dependent enhancement" (iade). in addition, nonprotective antibodies raised by formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and measles virus vaccines have led to enhanced disease during breakthrough infections. infections under iade conditions ...201020876821
molecular detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from children with acute respiratory disease in iran.viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. the implementation of rapid virology assays can identify the most common pathogens involved. this study was undertaken on iranian children less than 6 years old with respiratory infection.201020879092
structure of a major antigenic site on the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein in complex with neutralizing antibody 101f.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and elderly people. currently there is no effective vaccine against rsv, but passive prophylaxis with neutralizing antibodies reduces hospitalizations. to investigate the mechanism of antibody-mediated rsv neutralization, we undertook structure-function studies of monoclonal antibody 101f, which binds a linear epitope in the rsv fusion glycoprotein. crystal structures of the 101f antigen-binding fragment ...201020881049
surfactant proteins and respiratory syncytial virus. 201020688340
human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) mimicking pertussis in an adult: the diagnostic importance of hoarseness and monocytosis.background: there are relatively few causes of acute community-acquired pneumonias (caps) in adults associated with prolonged cough. in adults the most common acute caps with a prominent and persistent nonproductive cough are due to mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophilia (chlamydia) pneumoniae, or bordetella pertussis (pertussis). pertussis is an underrecognized and underappreciated cause of cap in adults. different from classic pertussis in children, pertussis in adults presents with prolonged d ...201020888644
real-time detection of influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial virus a and b in respiratory specimens by use of nanoparticle probes.seasonal epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. infrequently, novel or reemergent strains of influenza a virus have caused rapid, severe global pandemics resulting in millions of fatalities. the ability to efficiently and accurately detect and differentiate respiratory viruses is paramount for effective treatment, infection control, and epidemiological surveillance. we evaluated the ability of two fda-cleared nucl ...201020826644
childhood mortality due to respiratory syncytial virus. 201020833299
molecular characterization of adenoviruses from children presenting with acute respiratory disease in uberlândia, minas gerais, brazil, and detection of an isolate genetically related to feline adenovirus.human adenoviruses (hadv) are a major cause of acute respiratory diseases (ard), gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis and urinary infections. between november 2000-april 2007, a total of 468 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from children with ard at the clinics hospital of uberlândia. these samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and 3% (14/468) tested positive for the presence of hadv. by performing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect hadv dna in samples that tested ...201020835622
robust iga and igg-producing antibody forming cells in the diffuse-nalt and lungs of sendai virus-vaccinated cotton rats associate with rapid protection against human parainfluenza virus-type 1.sendai virus (sev), a natural mouse pathogen, shows considerable promise as a candidate vaccine for human parainfluenza virus-type 1 (hpiv-1), and also as a vaccine vector for other serious pathogens of infants including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in an effort to define correlates of immunity, we examined the virus-specific serum antibody of cotton rats inoculated intranasally (i.n.) with sev. virus-specific antibody forming cells (afcs) were also measured in the bone marrow, because the ...201020682364
temporal association of streptococcus, staphylococcus, and parainfluenza pediatric hospitalizations and hospitalized cases of henoch-schönlein purpura.to determine if hospitalizations for specific infectious exposures are associated with hospital admissions for henoch-schönlein purpura (hsp).201020843903
respiratory syncytial virus induces host rna stress granules to facilitate viral replication.mammalian cell cytoplasmic rna stress granules are induced during various conditions of stress and are strongly associated with regulation of host mrna translation. several viruses induce stress granules during the course of infection, but the exact function of these structures during virus replication is not well understood. in this study, we showed that respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induced host stress granules in epithelial cells during the course of infection. we also showed that stress ...201020844027
viral load drives disease in humans experimentally infected with respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of childhood lower respiratory infection, yet viable therapies are lacking. two major challenges have stalled antiviral development: ethical difficulties in performing pediatric proof-of-concept studies and the prevailing concept that the disease is immune-mediated rather than being driven by viral load.201020622030
quantitative proteomic analysis of a549 cells infected with human respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of pediatric lower respiratory tract disease to which there is no vaccine or efficacious chemotherapeutic strategy. although rna synthesis and virus assembly occur in the cytoplasm, hrsv is known to induce nuclear responses in the host cell as replication alters global gene expression. quantitative proteomics was used to take an unbiased overview of the protein changes in transformed human alveolar basal epithelial cells infected with hrs ...201020647383
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