Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| ultrastructural observation of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from non-aids patients with p carinii pneumonia. | to investigate the morphology of pneumocystis carinii in vivo, we studied the ultrastructure of p carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) obtained from four non-aids patients with p carinii pneumonia (pcp), and observed the morphologic changes after treatment in one patient. every form recognized in the normal life cycle of p carinii, ie, thick-walled cysts, crescent-shaped cysts, and trophozoites, was detected in the pretreatment balf specimens. in the posttreatment balf, p carinii revea ... | 1994 | 8181316 |
| treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii infection by combination of clarithromycin and sulphamethoxazole. | the efficacy of clarithomycin and sulphamethoxazole for treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii infection was investigated. rats were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and inoculated intratracheally with 5 x 10(6) p. carinii cysts. after 2 weeks, the lung tissues were assayed for p. carinii cyst burden. the combination of clarithromycin and sulphamethoxazole caused a significantly greater reduction in cyst burden than either drug alone. up to 50% of the rats treated with the combination ... | 1994 | 8182006 |
| alveolar macrophage interaction with pneumocystis carinii. | 1994 | 8251584 | |
| shortcomings of chest radiography in detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the radiographic presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was studied in 93 consecutive patients to determine the frequency of normal findings on chest roentgenograms and possible correlations with clinical or laboratory findings. the roentgenograms were reviewed by two radiologists in an independent, blinded way and judged with a score distinguishing between none, interstitial, and acinar infiltrates. discordance mainly between absent versus interstitial and interstitial versus acin ... | 1994 | 8263751 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | 1994 | 8264058 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | 1994 | 8264059 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | 1994 | 8264060 | |
| prophylaxis for opportunistic infections in patients with hiv infection. | to review the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis for opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). | 1994 | 8172439 |
| sequential changes in vital signs and acid-base and blood-gas profiles in pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in children with cancer. basis for a scoring system to identify patients who will require ventilatory support. | early reliable identification of patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) who will require ventilatory support would be desirable. to develop a predictive system to meet this need, we studied, prospectively, the sequential alterations in vital signs and acid-base and blood-gas profiles associated with this disease in 55 children with cancer, 29 of whom did not require ventilatory support (group i) and 26 who did (group ii). none of the patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (a ... | 1994 | 8173746 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the course of connective tissue disease: report of 34 cases. | to determine the circumstances, the clinical features and the outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-free patients with connective tissue diseases (ctd). | 1994 | 8182632 |
| [corticoids in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 1994 | 8183008 | |
| successful pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis using aerosolized pentamidine in children with acute leukemia. | we report our experience replacing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) with aerosolized pentamidine (ap) in 22 children with acute leukemia who could not tolerate tmp/smx. | 1994 | 8270969 |
| incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during intravenous pentamidine therapy in hiv-infected patients. | there have been 15 published cases of probable pentamidine-induced torsade de pointes (tdp). a prospective analysis of this complication of therapy is valuable considering the high frequency of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the aids population, and the role of pentamidine in its therapy. | 1994 | 8306734 |
| rapid clinical diagnosis of pulmonary abnormalities in hiv-seropositive patients by auscultatory percussion. | a prospective, blinded study of pulmonary findings in hospitalized patients with hiv infection compared auscultatory percussion (ausp) with conventional percussion (conp) and conventional auscultation (cona) using chest radiographs as the gold standard. sixty-three patients had chest radiographs and were examined by one to three examiners. seventy of the 126 lungs had radiographic abnormalities (55.6 percent). auscultatory percussion proved to be the most sensitive of all techniques for each exa ... | 1994 | 8306736 |
| utility of inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis in lung transplant recipients. | the incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been shown to be high posttransplantation in the absence of prophylaxis. for this reason, lung transplant recipients routinely receive prophylaxis. we report on our results using aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis in nine patients post-lung transplantation (eight single lung transplants, one double). the patients received monthly treatments of 300 mg of aerosolized pentamidine for a mean of 10.6 months (range, 4 to 21 months). patients w ... | 1994 | 8306738 |
| [a case of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (agbma) nephritis associated with myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (mpo-anca)]. | a 68-year-old patient visited our hospital, because of progressive renal failure. laboratory data were serum creatinine 13.3 mg/dl, bun 74.3 mg/dl, agbma 134u, mpo-anca 37% and cic 1.6 g/dl. hemodialysis was performed on admission and renal biopsy was conducted. though the histological findings showed fibrocellular crescents and global sclerosis in many glomeruli, renal function was gradually ameliorated by administration of prednisolone (40 mg/day) and cyclophosphamide (50 mg/day). after 3 week ... | 1994 | 8084079 |
| a prospective comparison of porta-sonic and fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizers for administering aerosol pentamidine. | to report patient acceptability and overall therapeutic effectiveness of two different ultrasonic nebulizers, fisoneb and porta-sonic, for the administration of aerosol pentamidine for pneumocysitis carinii prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals. | 1994 | 22451767 |
| short-term effects of lipid-based parenteral nutrition in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is surrounded by a rigid membrane rich in cholesterol. extraction of cholesterol from the virus envelope reduces its infectivity in vitro. large amounts of lipid emulsion phospholipids have the property of extracting cholesterol from cell membranes. the purpose of the present study was to observe the effects of high phospholipid loads on the lipid profile as well as hiv infectivity of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). fifty-nine patie ... | 1994 | 16843415 |
| cellular immune response in pneumocystis carinii infection. | pneumocystis carinii is an important pulmonary pathogen causing disease in immunocompromised individuals. the majority o f conditions predisposing to pneumocystis pneumonia are associated with profound defects in cellular immunity. although our understanding o f the host response to the organism is still limited, advances in antigen preparation and the availability o f animal models have permitted an improved understanding of some aspects o f the cell-mediated immune response to pneumocystis. in ... | 1994 | 15275457 |
| atovaquone - a novel broad-spectrum anti-infective drug. | atovoquone is a novel hydroxynaphthoquinone that is currently showing clinical promise for the treatment of malaria and the aids-associated diseases pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplosmosis. the drug is the end product of half a century of research by numerous groups who have investigated the ontiporositic properties of many related compounds. atovaquone is the only member of the series to show therapeutic activity in humans when taken orally. in this article, alan hudson explores the ba ... | 1993 | 15463712 |
| diagnosing symptomatic hiv infection and aids in adults. | the us centers for disease control in 1982 listed conditions and infections then associated with aids. that case definition, used as a model for many countries, was designed primarily for epidemiologic surveillance and now includes more than 20 conditions. the definition, however, requires diagnostic and laboratory technologies which are not always available in developing countries. the world health organization (who) therefore published the bangui definition in 1985 which uses clinical crite ... | 1993 | 12288934 |
| pneumocystis prophylaxis for all, some, or no hiv-infected infants less than one year of age: a decision analysis approach. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity among infants infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the preferred prophylaxis strategy for such infants is a subject of debate. medical decision analysis was used to determine the preferred strategy for primary pcp prophylaxis among asymptomatic hiv-infected infants less than one year of age, and to determine the thresholds at which different variables influence decision making. utility measur ... | 1993 | 22346469 |
| identification and initial characterization of pneumocystis carinii soluble antigens in rabbit serum and lung lavage. | lung lavage and serum samples from azathioprin-treated (acute-phase infection) and untreated (non acute-phase infection) rabbits were used in the immunoblotting technique to look for pneumocystis carinii (pc) soluble antigens, using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against rabbit-derived pc antigens and labeled with peroxidase. analysis of the supernatant of lavage fluid after centrifugation to sediment intact organisms revealed components of approximately 80, 60-65, 55, 39 and 27 kda in acut ... | 1993 | 23195548 |
| an ulcerated plaque in a gay man. | a 28-year-old homosexual man presented to our outpatient department with a solitary 2.0 × 1.5-cm ulcerated nodule on the forehead that had been present for 4 months (fig 1). he denied any systemic symptoms such as weight loss, fevers, headaches, or visual disturbances. on examination, the nodule appeared translucent and clinically resembled a basal cell carcinoma with superficial telangiectases and rolled edges. his history included inflammatory bowel disease, anal condyloma, intravenous drug ab ... | 1993 | 27081776 |
| respiratory infections in the immunocompromised patient. | damage to local and systemic defences of the lungs makes the immunocompromised host vulnerable to inhaled microorganisms. the type of underlying disease and its associated immunodeficiency allow a high degree of accurate pathogen prediction. neutropenia is associated with gram-negative bacilli pneumonia. prolonged neutropenia increases the risk of aspergillosis and mucormycosis. cellular immunodeficiency is associated with pneumocystis carinii, legionella spp. and intracellular parasites includi ... | 1993 | 18611585 |
| pentamidine congeners 1: synthesis of cis- and trans-butamidine analogues as anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents. | butamidine analogues possessing unsaturation in the ether bridge between the bisamidinophenyl or bisimidazolinophenyl functionalities have been synthesized as semirigid congeners of pentamidine. these compounds demonstrated good anti-p. carinii pueumonia activity in a rat model of the disease. | 1993 | 21451734 |
| genereviews | the was-related disorders, which include wiskott-aldrich syndrome, x-linked thrombocytopenia (xlt), and x-linked congenital neutropenia (xln), are a spectrum of disorders of hematopoietic cells, with predominant defects of platelets and lymphocytes caused by mutations in was. was-related disorders usually present in infancy. affected males have thrombocytopenia with intermittent mucosal bleeding, bloody diarrhea, and intermittent or chronic petechiae and purpura; eczema; and recurrent bacterial ... | 1993 | 20301357 |
| genereviews | schimke immunoosseous dysplasia (siod) is an autosomal recessive multisystem disorder characterized by spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia (sed) resulting in disproportionate short stature, nephropathy, and t-cell deficiency. radiographic manifestations of sed include ovoid and mildly flattened vertebral bodies, small deformed capital femoral epiphyses, and shallow dysplastic acetabular fossae. adult height is 136-157 cm for men and 98.5-143 cm for women. nearly all affected individuals have progressiv ... | 1993 | 20301550 |
| [double infection of the lung with pneumocystis carinii and cryptococcus neoformans in an aids patient]. | a 25-year old hiv-1-positive hemophiliac was admitted with fever, cough, exertional dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. chest x-ray showed diffuse bilateral infiltrates with a left sided nodular consolidation. pneumocystis-carinii-pneumonia was suspected and diagnosed by broncho-alveolar lavage. with therapy the diffuse infiltrates improved, but the nodule and the symptoms failed to resolve. a fine-needle aspiration of the nodule revealed concurrent cryptococcosis. treatment with fluconazole resul ... | 1993 | 8309925 |
| history and pathology of an enzootic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in athymic han:rnu and han:nznu rats. | a report is given on the history and pathology of an enzootic outbreak of spontaneous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) that occurred in a colony of male and female athymic han:rnu rnu/rnu and han:nznu rnun/rnun rats maintained in a longevity study from weaning up to their natural death. the rats were obtained from specified pathogen free (spf) breeding colonies and were kept in a barrier type animal quarter with standardized housing conditions. groups of heterozygous, euthymic littermates in ... | 1993 | 8312383 |
| proliferation of rat pneumocystis carinii on cells sheeted on microcarrier beads in spinner flasks. | a method of growing rat pneumocystis carinii with human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hel-299 cells) sheeted onto microcarrier beads has been developed. this method allows production of large quantities of p. carinii organisms with very little contamination of host cells. a fivefold increase in the numbers of organisms was achieved, as determined by organism count, antigen detection, and dna quantification. the majority of organisms produced by this method are trophozoites. | 1993 | 8315014 |
| pathological changes in epidemic porcine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | an outbreak of epidemic porcine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on a "farrow-to-finish" pig farm was examined. the clinical disease was observed in weanling piglets, mostly in the seventh to eleventh weeks of life. lesions of p. carinii pneumonia were detected histologically in the pigs at 36 to 75 days of age. these included pulmonary septal thickening, with mononuclear cell infiltration, swelling of the alveolar lining, an intra-alveolar exudate and the presence of p. carinii organisms. focal p ... | 1993 | 8315054 |
| pneumocystis carinii and the ustomycetous red yeast fungi. | 1993 | 8316090 | |
| diarrhea in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8317427 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pleural effusion. pathogenesis and pleural fluid analysis. | we present three new cases of pneumocystis carinii in pleural effusions of patients with aids, bringing the total number of reported cases to six. in our patients, diagnosis was made by visualization of pneumocystis in pleural fluid stained with gomori methenamine silver. ldh was greater than 400, and pleural fluid to serum ldh ratio was greater than 1.0 in all cases at time of presentation. all six reported patients have been associated with aerosolized pentamidine, and five of the six had docu ... | 1993 | 8317805 |
| use of therapeutic and prophylactic drugs for aids by homosexual and bisexual men in three us cities. | to determine the use of aids drugs and therapies by populations with relatively good access to health care. | 1993 | 8318177 |
| the effect of cigarette smoking on the development of aids in hiv-1-seropositive individuals. | to determine whether hiv-1-seropositive cigarette smokers progress more rapidly to aids than hiv-1-seropositive non-smokers. | 1993 | 8318178 |
| toxicity of clindamycin and primaquine treatment of aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1993 | 8318188 | |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among us children with perinatally acquired hiv infection. | to describe epidemiologic characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) among children with perinatally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection to guide prevention efforts. | 1993 | 8320786 |
| spontaneous and experimental infections in scid and scid/beige mice. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice are valuable animals to study a variety of physiologic and disease processes. their capacity to support multiple tissue xenografts permits these mice to be used as intermediate models for host-specific, fastidious organisms for which a small animal model has not been available previously. however, because they are unable to mount a normal immune response, they are very susceptible to a variety of primary and opportunistic microbial pathogens. fatal, na ... | 1993 | 8320959 |
| specific amplification of aspergillus fumigatus dna by polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed a specific and sensitive method to detect the human pathogen aspergillus fumigatus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with an objective of detecting the organism in peripheral blood and urine which can be obtained by non-invasive procedures. a pair of oligonucleotide primers for pcr were designed based on the published partial protein sequences of an 18 kd ige-binding protein of a. fumigatus asp f1 and the ribotoxins mitogillin and restrictocin of a. restrictus, and alpha-sarci ... | 1993 | 8321251 |
| infectious multifocal choroiditis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | the purposes of this study are to determine the incidence of infectious opportunistic choroiditis in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), to study the association of these choroidal infections with systemic dissemination, and to investigate the life expectancy and cause of death in patients with infectious opportunistic choroiditis. | 1993 | 8321524 |
| reduced carbon monoxide transfer factor (tlco) in human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-i) infection as a predictor for faster progression to aids. | in addition to the acute fall in carbon monoxide transfer factor (tlco) associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) or other opportunistic lung infections, reduced tlco occurs in hiv-i seropositive individuals without active pulmonary disease. abnormal tlco, in the absence of lung disease, may be a surrogate marker of hiv-i induced immunosuppression and, therefore, a predictor for a more rapid progression to aids. | 1993 | 8322232 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv antibody positive patients by simple outpatient assessments. | 1993 | 8322258 | |
| [haemophilus influenzae pneumonia simulating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an hiv-infected patient]. | 1993 | 8324033 | |
| isolation and identification of six pneumocystis carinii genes utilizing codon bias. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a leading cause of death among aids patients in the united states. our analysis of p. carinii protein-coding genes has revealed a significant a + t codon bias. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was utilized to isolate and identify the genes encoding calmodulin, beta-tubulin, dna polymerase ii, and rna polymerases i, ii and iii from p. carinii. primer pairs were designed to incorporate p. carinii codon preference to known conserved protein regions from other ... | 1993 | 8325503 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induces reversible hyperkalemia. | to determine the effect of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) on serum potassium concentration. | 1993 | 8328737 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pregnancy. a case report. | the association of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and pregnancy has become more common. this virus has become a factor in the social affairs of even small, rural communities. we present a case in which the diagnosis of hiv was made during admission for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the patient's condition worsened rapidly, necessitating delivery at 31 weeks' gestation by cesarean section followed by the patient's death from pcp. the infant survived and was healthy at 1 year ... | 1993 | 8331631 |
| [retinal diseases in aids]. | retinal diseases are the most frequent and most important ocular manifestations in aids. electrophysiological changes can already be found in early stages of aids without funduscopic lesions and are a sign of damage to the retinal receptors and ganglion cells. hiv retinopathy (cotton-wool spots, retinal hemorrhages, microaneurysms) seldom occurs in the early stages with normal t-helper cell counts, but is present in about 40% of patients with aids-related complex and even in 70% of patients with ... | 1993 | 8334326 |
| dna amplification in experimental pneumocystosis: characterization of serum pneumocystis carinii dna and potential p. carinii carrier states. | dna amplification has identified p. carinii dna in diverse biologic specimens, including the serum of patients with p. carinii pneumonia. to further examine the relationship between p. carinii dna in serum and p. carinii infection, the corticosteroid-treated rat model of pneumocystosis was studied. by 4 weeks of immunosuppression, p. carinii dna was detected in rat lungs and by 6 weeks, in their serum. p. carinii dna persisted in lung tissue as long as 5 months after the withdrawal of steroids. ... | 1993 | 8335980 |
| pulmonary lymphocyte recruitment: depletion of cd8+ t cells does not impair the pulmonary immune response to intratracheal antigen. | cd8+ t cells predominate in the lungs in hypersensitivity and human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphocytic pneumonitis, but their role in the immunopathogenesis of lung disease is unknown. we have shown that in immunized mice depleted of cd4+ t cells, cd8+ t cells are recruited into the lungs in response to intratracheal antigen challenge with sheep red blood cells (srbc) (j. clin. invest. 1991; 88:1244-1254) or to pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii (am. j. respir. cell mol. biol. ... | 1993 | 8338679 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without predisposing illnesses. acute episode and follow-up of five cases. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is described almost exclusively in immunocompromised hosts. this report describes our experience with acute episodes and the follow-up of five patients with pcp who had no known predisposing conditions. the average follow-up period was 3.6 years (range, 2.6 to 4 years). lymphocyte subpopulations (cd4, cd8, and cd4:cd8), serum immunoglobulins (igg, igm, and iga), and serologic studies for human immunodeficiency virus were carried out on all patients at least t ... | 1993 | 8339621 |
| diagnostic utility of lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels are elevated in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). in patients receiving aerosolized pentamidine (ap), pcp may be less severe and present with more localized radiographic infiltrates. we evaluated the diagnostic utility of the serum ldh level in 11 patients developing pcp while receiving ap. serum ldh levels were increased 72.7 +/- 19.0 percent over mean baseline levels and 76.4 +/- 26 percent over the upper limit of normal value for our ... | 1993 | 8339623 |
| serial pulmonary function tests in the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | the predictive value of serial versus isolated measurements of transfer factor for carbon monoxide (tlco) in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a cohort of 474 hiv-1 seropositive patients, with all stages of hiv disease, was evaluated. two groups of patients were studied, one group with serial lung function measurements (group 1) and another with only a single set of measurements (group 2). during the study period 118 patients performing serial tests developed a respiratory ... | 1993 | 8339801 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in patients of aids in india. | this is the first report of pneumocystis carinii infection seen in patients with aids in india. two of the three patients were of indian origin while the third was an american tourist. this report indicates that the technical problem of demonstrating p carinii may be an important factor underlying the diagnosis of pcp. | 1993 | 8340330 |
| disseminated mycobacterium malmoense infection in a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia. | mycobacterium malmoense is an atypical mycobacterium previously isolated from lymph nodes in children and from adults with pulmonary disease. disseminated infection is extremely rare and bone marrow involvement has never previously been described. we report a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia and persistent fever with granuloma in the bone marrow due to disseminated m. malmoense infection. the patient initially received treatment with isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin with clearance ... | 1993 | 8340748 |
| 4-amidinoindan-1-one 2'-amidinohydrazone: a new potent and selective inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. | two isomeric amidino-2-acetylpyridine amidinohydrazones, 11 and 12, and 4-amidinoindanone amidinohydrazone, 17, have been synthesized and tested for inhibition of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (samdc) and diamine oxidase and for antiproliferative activity against t24 human bladder carcinoma cells. compound 11 inhibited samdc with an ic50 of 10 nm and was 140- and > 500-fold more potent than methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (mgbg) and 12, respectively. the difference in potency between 11 ... | 1993 | 8340919 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and leprosy. | in summary, clinical leprosy does not appear to be more frequent in hiv-positive than in hiv-negative people in areas where both infections are endemic. there is no evidence that the paucibacillary to multibacillary distribution of patients is altered by hiv infection. there are reports that neuritis is more severe in co-infected people, and that reversal reactions (or, at least, new lesions) may be more frequent after therapy; but these reports are either poorly documented or poorly controlled. ... | 1993 | 8341127 |
| [primary kaposi's sarcoma of the penis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | presentation of one case of a 40 year-old, homosexual, aids diagnosed male with extrapulmonary tuberculosis (lymphatic nodes) and prior history of gonococcal urethritis, brain toxoplasmosis, molluscum contagiosum and pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii. a purpura-type lesion with inflammatory features appeared in the foreskin which was diagnosed as primary kaposi's sarcoma of the penis. the article explains the clinical signs and symptoms, laboratory data, histological findings, and it reviews the ... | 1993 | 8342430 |
| bronchoscopy versus empirical therapy in hiv-infected patients with presumptive pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a decision analysis. | the outcomes of alternative strategies for the management of pulmonary complications in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were compared using a decision analysis model. a decision tree was constructed using baseline probabilities derived from published data and expert opinion. the case scenario analyzed was that of a patient not currently receiving anti-pneumocystis prophylaxis who presents with moderate pulmonary symp ... | 1993 | 8342901 |
| [the diagnosis of lung inflammation in aids patients. the use of 99mtc-labelled human polyclonal immunoglobulins and a comparison with 67ga citrate and high-resolution computed tomography]. | technetium-99m (99mtc) labelled polyclonal human immunoglobulin (hig) is a new agent for the localization of active inflammatory diseases. the results obtained with hig in 29 aids patients referred for suspected lung infections are reported (table i). the patients also underwent gallium-67 citrate scanning (gs), chest radiography (rx), high-resolution thin-layer computed tomography (hrct) and broncho-alveolar lavage (bal). the study population was classified as follows: 12 patients (table ii) we ... | 1993 | 8346358 |
| serum titres of pneumocystis carinii antibody in health care workers caring for patients with aids. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was thought to occur from reactivation of latent infection, but recent studies with the polymerase chain reaction have failed to detect p carinii in normal subjects. if pneumocystis pneumonia is therefore caused by new infection the source and mode of transmission of p carinii remains unknown. | 1993 | 8346492 |
| [corticosteroid treatment of patients with aids and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a european multicenter study. danish-dutch aids study group]. | fifty-nine hiv-1 infected patients with a microscopically proven first episode of moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled into a randomized european multicenter study. the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid (cs) therapy was assessed on: 1) survival to discharge, 2) need for mechanical ventilation (mv) and 3) survival at day 90. cs was given within 24 hours of standard therapy as intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg bodyweight daily for ten days. all patients rece ... | 1993 | 8346578 |
| total cellular fatty acid composition of cultured pneumocystis carinii. | oleic acid makes up > 50% of the total fatty acids of pneumocystis carinii grown on wi-38 cells. oleic acid levels increased in parallel with increasing trophozoites over 7 days in culture. the fatty acid composition of p. carinii resembles that of certain fungi but differs from those of lung surfactant lipid, host cells, and fetal bovine serum. | 1993 | 8349771 |
| [cutaneous manifestations of aids]. | hiv destroys the immune system, causing group of clinical signs which are referred to as aids. some of these signs are cutaneous in nature. an acute rash on the trunk is associated with hiv seroconversion. it usually disappears in 8 days but can last for several hours or 30 days. infectious manifestations of hiv infection are common. candidiasis represents 90% of mycoses. it usually manifests on the tongue but can also occur on oral or genital mucosa. antifungal medication usually treats it ... | 1993 | 8351723 |
| lung cysts associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: radiographic characteristics, natural history, and complications. | the purpose of our study was to characterize the radiographic features of thin-walled air-filled structures (cysts) related to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a large series of patients, determine the natural history of the cysts, and test the hypothesis that the cysts are associated with an increased risk of pneumothorax. | 1993 | 8352098 |
| immunosuppressive effects and clinical response of fludarabine in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | fludarabine monophosphate is a new adenine nucleoside analogue with a promising efficacy in b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) with response rates, including hematological complete remissions, of 50%-60% in previously treated and 75%-80% in previously untreated patients. | 1993 | 8353071 |
| efficacy of pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine in the prevention of toxoplasmic encephalitis relapses and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | the efficacy and safety of 25 mg pyrimethamine plus 500 mg sulfadoxine given twice a week in preventing relapses of aids-related toxoplasmic encephalitis was evaluated in an open study. the 56 hiv-infected patients evaluated had responded to intensive treatment with pyrimethamine/clindamycin prior to starting the present prophylactic regimen. four patients (7 %) experienced relapse while on pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. the probability of freedom from relapse was > 90% for 12 months and > 80% for 2 ... | 1993 | 8354297 |
| pattern recognition of the pulmonary manifestations of aids on ct scans. | more than 50% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) develop pulmonary disease during the course of their illness. the authors reviewed 96 computed tomographic (ct) scans of patients with aids in an attempt to describe disease entities by the patterns seen on the scans. such patterns included isolated ground-glass and interstitial infiltrates, which are suggestive of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). if pleural effusions or parenchymal nodules are also present, aids-relat ... | 1993 | 8356267 |
| adjunctive treatment with corticosteroids for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. | 1993 | 8356560 | |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in cardiac transplant recipients by trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) continues to cause significant morbidity in recipients of solid-organ transplants. while some programs administer trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) prophylactically following transplantation, a prospective determination of the safety and efficacy of tmp-smx in cardiac transplant recipients has not previously been reported. we therefore prospectively randomized 58 cardiac transplant recipients to receive tmp (160 mg)-smx (800 mg) twice daily either three ... | 1993 | 8356591 |
| survival and mortality patterns of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cohort in new york state. | the survival experience and causes of death of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients were studied using a cohort of 3,699 aids patients in new york state, excluding new york city, whose illness was diagnosed before january 1990 at age 13 years or older. the median length of survival for all cases was 11.5 months, and survival increased over time from 5.3 months pre-1984 to 9.3 months in 1984-1986 and to 13.2 months in 1987-1989. in a cox proportional hazards model, risk of dying was ... | 1993 | 8356973 |
| infectious complications in heart-lung transplantation. analysis of 200 episodes. | infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in heart-lung transplant recipients. this study was designed to assess the frequency, type, and timing of infection in heart-lung transplant recipients. | 1993 | 8357286 |
| pneumocystis carinii choroidopathy in aids patients. | 1993 | 8357548 | |
| the higher fungus protomyces inouyei has two group i introns in the 18s rrna gene. | the nucleotide sequence of the small-subunit rrna (18s rrna) coding gene in the higher fungus protomyces inouyei contains two group i introns. this is the first report of two group i introns in the 18s rrna coding region. based on the comparison of the two introns of protomyces inouyei with those of the green alga ankistrodesmus stipitatus, and the other two higher fungi pneumocystis carinii and ustilago maydis, the protomyces introns are group i introns containing the highly conserved sequence ... | 1993 | 8360915 |
| [consequences of specific prevention on the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with hiv infection. comité sida de l'hôpital saint-antoine]. | in a prospective study the authors compared the clinical, radiological, biochemical and diagnostic features of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-infected patients who were or were not receiving a specific prophylactic treatment. the study included 386 patients with suspected pcp, 201 of whom were under specific prophylactic therapy. induced expectoration and/or bronchoalveolar lavage provided a diagnosis of pcp in 89 patients, 21 of whom were under specific prophylaxis. apart from a nu ... | 1993 | 8362104 |
| the c-reactive protein responses in hiv-infected patients with pneumonia. | the acute phase c-reactive protein (crp) was measured in serum of hiv-infected patients suffering from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (32 patients), bacterial pneumonia (10 patients), and in 19 immunocompetent patients with bacterial pneumonia. the hiv-infected patients with bacterial pneumonia had a significantly lower crp level than the immunocompetent patients (50% versus 95% had an s-crp level > 80 mg/l). no significant difference was found in the crp response to p. carinii or bacteria ... | 1993 | 8362226 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as an upper lobe cavity after aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis in an hiv-infected patient. | we describe an atypical diagnostic feature of a breakthrough pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) during primary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. our case disclosed infiltrates restricted to the left upper lobe. after 2 weeks a solitary cavity developed. diagnosis was easily established by bronchoalveolar lavage when performed in the affected segment bronchus. cavitation clearly demonstrated localized infection, with tissue destruction as one main pathogenetic pattern of a breakthrough ... | 1993 | 8362235 |
| anti-pneumocystis carinii activity of ps-15, a new biguanide folate antagonist. | a newly synthesized biguanide inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase in plasmodium species was evaluated for its anti-pneumocystis carinii activity. the compound n-3-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxypropyloxy)-n'-(1-methylethyl)imidoca rbonimidic diamide hydrochloride, designated ps-15, was administered prophylactically and therapeutically to immunosuppressed rats latently infected with p. carinii. doses of 5 and 25 mg of ps-15 per kg of body weight per day given orally during 7 weeks of dexamethasone immun ... | 1993 | 8363369 |
| synergistic combinations of ro 11-8958 and other dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors with sulfamethoxazole and dapsone for therapy of experimental pneumocystosis. | we compared ro 11-8958, an analog of trimethoprim (tmp) with improved antimicrobial and pharmacokinetic properties, other dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibitors, sulfamethoxazole (smx), and dapsone (dap) in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an immunosuppressed rat model. in contrast to previous reports, high dosages of the dhfr inhibitors were used in combination with fixed, low dosages of smx (3 mg/kg of body weight per day) or dap (25 mg/kg/day). when administered alone at ... | 1993 | 8363372 |
| activity of bilobalide, a sesquiterpene from ginkgo biloba, on pneumocystis carinii. | the sesquiterpene bilobalide, extracted from ginkgo biloba leaves, was tested in vitro and in vivo for the ability to inhibit pneumocystis carinii growth. bilobalide was inhibitory to trophozoites cultured on human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hel 299) at approximately the same concentration as trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (lowest effective concentration, 50 micrograms of bilobalide per ml versus 9/45 microgram of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole per ml), inducing microscopically detectable mo ... | 1993 | 8363381 |
| in vitro attachment of pneumocystis carinii from mouse and rat origin. | the attachment of pneumocystis carinii to lung cells could play a role in the pathophysiology of p carinii pneumonia. the trophozoite attaches to type i alveolar epithelial cells. physical, chemical, and extracellular matrix factors, involved in the mouse-or rat-derived p carinii attachment to fibroblastic cells in culture, were examined using a new model of in vitro adherence. the development of parasite filopodia penetrating deeply the host cell cytoplasm was observed using transmission electr ... | 1993 | 8364401 |
| chronic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. | the clinical and radiologic presentation as well as the macroscopic and histologic characteristics of lung parenchyma in three hiv-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are detailed. the distinguishing clinical feature in these patients was a prolonged stable clinical course of the disease over at least 4 to approximately 24 months. serial chest radiographs in two patients demonstrated persistent focal radiographic lesions. in one patient blebs in both upper lobes were not ... | 1993 | 8365272 |
| a randomized comparison of once-monthly or twice-monthly high-dose aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. | ten of the 146 (7 percent) evaluable subjects developed pcp during the year study period, and there was no difference in the efficacy of the two regimens. among patients receiving secondary prophylaxis, the attack rate of pcp at 1 year was 11 percent. this compares favorably with a 1-year attack rate of 19 percent in similar patients receiving standard dose (300 mg) prophylaxis and suggests, but does not prove, a dose-response effect. concentrations of pentamidine in bal fluid were not significa ... | 1993 | 8365284 |
| effect of corticosteroids on il1 beta and tnf alpha release by alveolar macrophages from patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the mechanisms by which corticosteroids (ccs) improve the outcome of aids patients with severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) are unclear. we studied il1 beta and tnf alpha release from alveolar macrophages (ams) of patients receiving ccs for the treatment of pcp and also the effect of in vitro hydrocortisone on this release. cytokine release from ams of aids patients with pulmonary complications not receiving ccs (group 1) was compared with that from am of those receiving ccs for pcp (gro ... | 1993 | 8365285 |
| mechanical ventilation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. is the prognosis really improved? | the mortality rate among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) requiring mechanical ventilation (mv) for acute respiratory failure (arf) secondary to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is still a matter of discussion. for some authors, it is in the 50 percent range, while for others the prognosis is grim, with virtually no survivors. the aim of this retrospective study conducted between january 1987 and january 1992 was to analyze the outcome of such patients. we studied 33 patients ... | 1993 | 8365286 |
| aerosolized pentamidine versus i.v. pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the efficacy and toxicity of aerosolized pentamidine was evaluated in 78 aids patients given 60 mg biweekly as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). patients were monitored for clinical progression and mortality and were compared to 42 historical controls given 200-300 mg i.v. pentamidine biweekly. the relapse rates did not differ markedly between the two groups, and the pcp-free rates in survivors were at 12 months 0.83 and 0.77, respectively. seventy-one new aids- ... | 1993 | 8365811 |
| [refractory bilateral pneumothoraces complicated with interstitial pneumonitis after bone marrow transplantation]. | we report here a case of 33 year-old-man with refractory bilateral pneumothoraces during the treatment for interstitial pneumonitis 6 months after bone marrow transplantation (bmt). he was diagnosed as having acute myelogenous leukemia (aml) m1. he was treated with chemotherapy, and cerebral irradiation. bmt was performed in august 1989 from a sibling donor whose human leukocyte antigen was matched, abo blood type mismatched. preconditioning regimen was cyclophosphamide and total body irradiatio ... | 1993 | 8366573 |
| pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in a transplant recipient with normal arterial oxygen tension and normal radiographic findings. | we have described an exogenously immunosuppressed, hiv-negative patient with a subacute presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia characterized by normal arterial oxygen tension and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient and normal findings on serial chest radiographs. this case demonstrates that other studies in addition to chest radiograph and resting arterial blood gas measurement are necessary in all immunosuppressed patients with progressive respiratory symptoms, regardless of cause of immu ... | 1993 | 8367753 |
| oral corticosteroids in patients with mild pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | to assess the effect of oral corticosteroids in patients with mild pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | 1993 | 8369511 |
| effect of pentamidine on cytokine (il-1 beta, tnf alpha, il-6) production by human alveolar macrophages in vitro. | pentamidine (pe) is an aromatic diamidine drug used clinically to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by aerosol inhalation. nothing has been reported about the effects of this drug on human alveolar macrophage (am) properties. in this study am were exposed in vitro to various concentrations of pe (10(-4)-10(-6) m) alone or in combination with bacterial endotoxin (lps). supernatants were collected at 3, 6, and 24 h and assayed for secreted il-1 beta, il-6, and tnf alpha. while the drug did not ... | 1993 | 8370344 |
| acquired traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula: case report. | post-traumatic pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, a rare entity, was treated in a 35-year-old hiv-positive man by transcatheter embolization. when seen 4 months later, the patient had florid pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. generally, pulmonary angiography demonstrates such fistulae when they are not visible on chest roentgenograms. this diagnosis should be considered in patients with penetrating chest trauma when suggestive clinical or radiologic signs are present. | 1993 | 8371312 |
| isolation and characterization of a repetitive dna sequence from leishmania infantum: development of a visceral leishmaniasis polymerase chain reaction. | to construct a dna probe specific for protozoa that cause visceral leishmaniasis, we cloned pst i fragments of leishmania infantum genomic dna into a bluescript ii sk vector. a clone of 4.3 kb that contained a highly repetitive sequence was isolated and cut with three restriction enzymes: hae iii, rsa i, and sau 3a. after a new molecular cloning step, we isolated and sequenced a 140-basepair (bp) fragment. two oligonucleotides were synthesized to be used as primers for a polymerase chain reactio ... | 1993 | 8372958 |
| dihydrofolate reductase from the pathogenic fungus pneumocystis carinii: catalytic properties and interaction with antifolates. | dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from the fungus pneumocystis carinii (pcdhfr), a target for antifolate inhibitors, has been compared with host enzyme, human dhfr (hdhfr), and with dhfr from escherichia coli. among the results of the considerable structural differences between pcdhfr and the other two enzymes is a much higher turnover number (kcat, 136 s-1) for pcdhfr. this is due to rapid hydride transfer from nadph to dihydrofolate (rate constant 402 s-1), very rapid dissociation of nadp from th ... | 1993 | 8373187 |
| lung infections in children. | airway infections in children is a considerably broad topic. this discussion focuses on several common nonbacterial causes of lower respiratory tract infection in children, including respiratory syncytial virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae. in addition, the occurrence of two important bacterial causes of lower respiratory illness (bordetella pertussis and mycobacterium tuberculosis) is increasing. this review focuses on current information on the prophylaxis, treatment, and d ... | 1993 | 8374645 |
| evidence of horizontal transmission of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques. | this retrospective study used sensitive immunohistochemical methods to detect pneumocystis carinii infections in fixed lung tissues collected from 107 simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-infected and 10 noninfected rhesus macaques during a 4-year period. p. carinii were detected in 51% of 85 terminally ill siv-infected macaques but in only 2 of 22 macaques killed at earlier stages of siv infection. p. carinii were not detected in any siv-infected macaques held in isolators or in uninfected contr ... | 1993 | 8376830 |
| cdna sequence diversity and genomic clusters of major surface glycoprotein genes of pneumocystis carinii. | the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii plays a crucial role in the pathobiology of p. carinii, which often causes fatal pneumonia in aids patients. the cdnas encoding msg antigens were cloned from a lambda gt11 expression library of rat-derived p. carinii by immunoscreening. the cloned cdnas constituted a gene family containing approximately 70% amino acid identity between subtypes. the diversity of msg cdnas was high and reflected the genomic structure of msg genes cluster ... | 1993 | 8376844 |
| [opportunistic eye diseases within the scope of hiv infection]. | some ocular infections, only rarely seen in otherwise healthy individuals, are sometimes seen in patients with immunodeficiencies, i.e., with hiv infection. a typical example is the ophthalmic zoster or luetic uveitis in young individuals which should always imply the possibility of hiv infection. the so called opportunistic infections in contrast are only seen in hiv infection defining the aids syndrome. these infections are systemic in origin and only secondarily affecting the eye. consequentl ... | 1993 | 8377418 |
| [the epidemiology of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in barcelona (1981-1991) (i). a descriptive study and time trends]. | to analyze the epidemiologic situation of aids in barcelona with a descriptive study and a temporal trends analysis. | 1993 | 8377533 |
| [spontaneous pneumothorax disclosing isolated pleural involvement caused by pneumocystis carinii in an aids patient]. | we report a case of apparently isolated pleural pneumocystis carinii infection in an aids patient under primary prophylaxis with pentamidine aerosols. owing to the absence of the usual radiological signs and to negative broncho-alveolar lavages the diagnosis was difficult, and only pleural biopsy during thoracotomy made it possible. p. carinii cysts were demonstrated by grocott's silver staining. histological study of lung biopsy fragments only showed giant-cell granulomas of the foreign body ty ... | 1993 | 8378696 |