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occurrence and characterization of a udp-glucose:hydroxamic acid glucosyltransferase isolated from wheat (triticum aestivum) seedlings.cyclic hydroxamic acid glucosides are present at high concentrations immediately after germination in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). changes in the activity of udp-glucose:cyclic hydroxamic acid glucosyltransferase (ec 2.4.1.-) in wheat were investigated using the cyclic hydroxamic acids 2.4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa) and its 7-methoxy derivative (dimboa) as sugar acceptors. glucosyltransferase activity on both substrates was detected in dry seeds, with activity increasing after imbib ...200911098819
[the effect of natural selection on the allelic frequency of gliadin-coding loci and their associations in an artificially created hybrid population of winter wheat].hybrid population with heterogeneity for five gliadin-coding loci was created by crossing of five winter common wheat cultivars (belozerskaya 47, ilyichevka, kyyanka, mironovskaya 808, polesskaya 70) by the complete scheme. frequencies of alleles at these loci and their associations were analyzed after two, four and ten years of resowing. the ratio of alleles at the studied loci was changed as reproduction occurred. gli 1a5 allele displayed stable tendency to frequency increasing, gli 1d1--a lit ...200910857200
a new flavone o-glycoside and other constituents from wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.).from leaves of triticum aestivum a new o-glycosylflavone has been isolated together with chlorogenic acid and its 3'-methyl ether and 6 c-glycosylflavones. the structure of the new flavonoid was determined by 1d and 2d nmr techniques and other spectral evidence as 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',5'-trimethoxyflavone-7-o-beta-rutinoside.200910928543
[use of genomic in situ hybridization for the genetic study of common wheat triticum aestivum l. and its close relatives].the literature data on use of genomic in situ hybridization (gish) for genetic studying of common wheat and its close relatives are reviewed. the conclusions as to the necessity of complex investigation of genetic material using gish and other modern methods are drawn.200811589060
[new morphological marker for chromosomes of the fourth homologous group of triticinae].the character "hairy leaf sheath" was studied in two groups of introgressive common wheat lines. the first group involves lines containing genetic material of aegilops sharonensis, the second one includes lines with chromatin of triticum miguschovae. the gene controlling hairy leaf sheath, hs, was located by us on chromosomes 4s1 (ae. sharonensis) and 4d (t. miguschovae) due to its joint transfer with beta-amy-s(1)1, beta-amy-d1, acph-s(1)1 and acph-d1 genes situated on the and 4d chromosomes. t ...200811589040
[the chromosomal localization of the major genes for the quantitative traits (qtl) of wheat by using d chromosome gene markers].the possibility of biochemical and morphological marker genes application for qtl and determination of their association with definite d chromosomes was shown on f2 populations of bread wheat from crossing of hexaploids aabbdd with different d subgenomes and the same genome ab part. algorithm for calculation of the theoretical means for evaluation of differences according t-criterion was proposed and examined. the results of biometrical genetic analysis of the quantitative traits obtained by joi ...200810857198
amino acid composition of the endosperm free amino acids and proteins from a maturing common wheat and its extracted tetraploid. 20081270689
[additional limitations of the shrikhande method and their verification].shrikhande's method was checked on linear-variety common wheat lutescens 62. two causes for a distortion of the ratio of genotypic and paratypic components of the variance were established: parameter b of smith's law is not constant for a given field and depends on the method of parcelling: smith's law is not confirmed at all. a two-stage test of shrikhande's method correctness is suggested for checking its limitations in practice. the analysis of variance for any given parcelling is done at the ...2008356360
diallel analysis of four agronomic traits in common wheat.the common wheat cultivars aköz, florence, mentana, jaral, and siete cerros were crossed in 1972 in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals. in 1972--1973 the f1 hybrids and the five parents were field grown at bornova in randomized complete blocks. the characters studied were plant height, spike length, 1000-kernel weight, and plant yield. the analysis of data showed that (a) with respect to plant height and 1000-kernel weight all f1 combinations deviated from the corresponding midparen ...20081032104
heritability estimates from four generations of a diallel cross of common wheat.the heritabilities of 10 quantitative characters were studied on f1, f2, backcross, and selfed backcross generations of a five-parent diallel cross of common wheat grown at two locations. from this study it was found that (a) most of the characters in question were highly heritable, (b) the heritabilities estimated by regression and variance component methods were more or less the same (r=0.84** to 0.95**), and (c) the heritability of some characters was affected by location or by generation; in ...20081032103
[beginning and duration of expression of photoperiodic response genes in winter common wheat].the influence of various ppd genes on the beginning and duration of photoperiodic responce has been investigated in near isogenic lines of winter bread wheat mironovskaya 808. during ontogenesis the photoperiodic responce is ascertained from the middle 2nd stage of ontogenesis according to kuperman (usually a week later after vernalization completion in winter genotypes) and it is completed to the late 5th stage (2-3 weeks before heading). different ppd alleles do not affect the photoreaction in ...200816865983
phenolic compounds contribute to dark bran pigmentation in hard white wheat.unacceptably dark bran color has prevented the white-kernelled variety argent from meeting grain color marketing standards for hard white wheats (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this research was to identify phenolic compounds that negatively affect bran color in white wheat using fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ft-icr-ms) and vanillin-hcl and naoh staining methods. in mature bran, ft-icr-ms detected derivatives of the flavonol quercetin in varieties argent a ...200818254596
comparison of mixed-model approaches for association mapping.association-mapping methods promise to overcome the limitations of linkage-mapping methods. the main objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate various methods for association mapping in the autogamous species wheat using an empirical data set, (ii) determine a marker-based kinship matrix using a restricted maximum-likelihood (reml) estimate of the probability of two alleles at the same locus being identical in state but not identical by descent, and (iii) compare the results of association-m ...200818245847
[localization of nucleolar dna and transcription sites of rrna genes in situ in wheat cells].by using the conventional electron microscopic technique and dna specific cytochemical staining method (nama-ur), we directly observed the arrangement and location of intranucleolar dna in situ in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cells. the results showed that nucleolar dna was found in fibrillar centers (fc), dense fibrillar component (dfc) and the transitional region between fc and dfc. moreover, the nucleolar dna was distributed along the periphery of fc and by surrounding fc. we employed rnp pre ...200818244931
enhanced induction of microspore embryogenesis after n-butanol treatment in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) anther culture.the aim of this study was the improvement of embryo production in wheat anther culture. three butanol alcohols, n-butanol, sec-butanol and tert-butanol, were evaluated for their effect on microspore embryogenesis in two spring cultivars of wheat, pavon and caramba. application of n-butanol, at 0.1 and 0.2% (v/v) in the induction media for 5 h, highly improved embryo production in both cultivars. sec- and tert-butanol performed similarly to control plates. regeneration ability was unaffected by a ...200818214490
characterization of three somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase genes from wheat, triticum aestivum.we report here the isolation and characterization of three somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (taserk) genes from wheat. taserks belong to a small family of receptor-like kinase genes, share a conserved structure and extensive sequence homology with previously reported plant serk genes. taserk genes are in general auxin inducible and expressed during embryogenesis in cell cultures. we show here that somatic embryogenesis in triticum aestivum is associated with high serk expression which could ...200818210118
association between allelic variation at the phytoene synthase 1 gene and yellow pigment content in the wheat grain.a better understanding of the genetic factors controlling grain yellow pigment content (gypc) is important for both pasta (high gypc) and bread wheat (low gypc) quality improvement. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for gypc have been mapped repeatedly on the distal regions of chromosome arms 7al and 7bl in wheat, and the phytoene synthase 1 (psy-1) gene located in this region has been proposed as a candidate gene. we show here that psy-e1, the tall wheatgrass orthologue, is completely linked to dif ...200818193186
selenium uptake, translocation and speciation in wheat supplied with selenate or selenite.selenite can be a dominant form of selenium (se) in aerobic soils; however, unlike selenate, the mechanism of selenite uptake by plants remains unclear. uptake, translocation and se speciation in wheat (triticum aestivum) supplied with selenate or selenite, or both, were investigated in hydroponic experiments. the kinetics of selenite influx was determined in short-term (30 min) experiments. selenium speciation in the water-extractable fraction of roots and shoots was determined by hplc-icpms. p ...200818179602
gene expression, cellular localisation and function of glutamine synthetase isozymes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).we present the first cloning and study of glutamine synthetase (gs) genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). based on sequence analysis, phylogenetic studies and mapping data, ten gs sequences were classified into four sub-families: gs2 (a, b and c), gs1 (a, b and c), gsr (1 and 2) and gse (1 and 2). phylogenetic analysis showed that the wheat gs sub-families together with the gs genes from other monocotyledonous species form four distinct clades. immunolocalisation studies in leaves, stems and ra ...200818288574
the cooperative relation between non-hydraulic root signals and osmotic adjustment under water stress improves grain formation for spring wheat varieties.non-hydraulic root signals (nhrs) and osmotic adjustment (oa) are two important adaptive responses of plants to water stress. there is little understanding of their relationships during water stress. the threshold range of soil water potential to occurrence of nhrs, the capacity for oa, grain yield and water use efficiency (wue) were examined in three spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties (two bred after 1975 and one bred before 1900) under water stress conditions. the threshold range of ...200818275460
[effects of vernalization duration control genes (vrd) on agronomical traits in winter bread wheat].in monogenic dominant for vrd1 or vrd2 genes almost isogenic lines and cultivars the shortening of the period before hadding duration, plant height reduction, and decrease of frost resistance particularly in the second half of winter and in spring have been shown. as for the determined traits the greater effect was detected for vrd1 gene, the less one--for vrd2. genes vrd1 and vrd2 did not significantly influence the quantitative characteristics of yield components except the 1000 kernel weight. ...200818268962
analysis of protein complexes in wheat amyloplasts reveals functional interactions among starch biosynthetic enzymes.protein-protein interactions among enzymes of amylopectin biosynthesis were investigated in developing wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm. physical interactions between starch branching enzymes (sbes) and starch synthases (sss) were identified from endosperm amyloplasts during the active phase of starch deposition in the developing grain using immunoprecipitation and cross-linking strategies. coimmunoprecipitation experiments using peptide-specific antibodies indicate that at least two distinct ...200818263778
xylanase inhibitors bind to nonstarch polysaccharides.this study is an in-depth investigation of the interaction between polysaccharides and the proteinaceous xylanase inhibitors, triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi), xylanase inhibitor protein (xip), and thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor (tlxi). the binding affinities of all three known types of xylanase inhibitors from wheat are studied by measuring the residual xylanase inhibition activity after incubation of the inhibitors in the presence of different polysaccharides, such as beta-glucan ...200818092758
molecular dissection of variation in carbohydrate metabolism related to water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation in stems of wheat.water-soluble carbohydrates (wscs; composed of mainly fructans, sucrose [suc], glucose [glc], and fructose) deposited in wheat (triticum aestivum) stems are important carbon sources for grain filling. variation in stem wsc concentrations among wheat genotypes is one of the genetic factors influencing grain weight and yield under water-limited environments. here, we describe the molecular dissection of carbohydrate metabolism in stems, at the wsc accumulation phase, of recombinant inbred seri/bab ...200818083795
use of near-isogenic wheat lines to determine the glutenin composition and functionality requirements for flour tortillas.in wheat ( triticum aestivum l), the synthesis of high molecular weight (hmw) glutenins (gs) is controlled by three heterologous genetic loci present on the long arms of group 1 wheat chromosomes. the loci glu-a1, glu-b1, and glu-d1 and their allelic variants play important roles in the functional properties of wheat flour. this study focused on understanding the functionality of these protein subunits on tortilla quality. near-isogenic wheat lines in which one or more of these loci were absent ...200818072743
effect of landfill leachate on cell cycle, micronucleus, and sister chromatid exchange in triticum aestivum.with increasing use of municipal solid waste landfills for waste disposal, the leachate generated has become a serious environmental concern. therefore, it is important to set up simple and accurate methods for monitoring leachate toxicity. in the present study, the physiological and genetic toxicity of the leachate, generated from xingou municipal landfill in china, were investigated with triticum aestivum (wheat) bioassay. the results indicate that the lower leachate concentrations stimulated ...200818068897
snp and haplotype identification of the wheat monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitor genes.seventy-three gene sequences encoding monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors were characterized from cultivated wheat "chinese spring", group 6 nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of "chinese spring" and diploid putative progenitors of common wheat. the monomeric alpha-amylase inhibitors from the different sources shared very high homology (99.54%). the different alpha-amylase inhibitors, which were determined by the 24 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of their gene sequences, were investigated. a tot ...200818060568
analysis of taalmt1 traces the transmission of aluminum resistance in cultivated common wheat (triticum aestivum l.).allele diversities of four markers specific to intron three, exon four and promoter regions of the aluminum (al) resistance gene of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) taalmt1 were compared in 179 common wheat cultivars used in international wheat breeding programs. in wheat cultivars released during the last 93 years, six different promoter types were identified on the basis of allele size. a previous study showed that al resistance was not associated with a particular coding allele for taalmt1 but wa ...200818046532
the derivation of sink functions of wheat organs using the greenlab model.in traditional crop growth models assimilate production and partitioning are described with empirical equations. in the greenlab functional-structural model, however, allocation of carbon to different kinds of organs depends on the number and relative sink strengths of growing organs present in the crop architecture. the aim of this study is to generate sink functions of wheat (triticum aestivum) organs by calibrating the greenlab model using a dedicated data set, consisting of time series on th ...200818045794
structures of the three homoeologous loci of wheat benzoxazinone biosynthetic genes tabx3 and tabx4 and characterization of their promoter sequences.common wheat (2n=6x=42, genome formula aabbdd) accumulates benzoxazinones (bxs) as defensive compounds. there are five bx biosynthetic genes (tabx1-tabx5), and their homoeologous alleles are located on all three homoeologous chromosomes of the a, b and d genomes. here the molecular structures of the tabx3 and tabx4 loci, both of which are located on chromosomes 5a, 5b and 5d, were revealed by sequencing transformation-competent artificial chromosome (tac) clones. in all homoeologous chromosomes, ...200818040657
tris is a non-innocent buffer during intein-mediated protein cleavage.fusion protein purification systems based on self-cleavable protein splicing elements are well established nowadays and have the advantage of producing recombinant proteins with their native amino acid composition while abolishing the need of an additional proteolytic cleavage step for removal of a purification tag. however, a potential disadvantage is the concomitant generation of reactive thioester intermediates during the protein self-splicing process, which are prone to undergo side reaction ...200818032065
recurrent deletions of puroindoline genes at the grain hardness locus in four independent lineages of polyploid wheat.polyploidy is known to induce numerous genetic and epigenetic changes but little is known about their physiological bases. in wheat, grain texture is mainly determined by the hardness (ha) locus consisting of genes puroindoline a (pina) and b (pinb). these genes are conserved in diploid progenitors but were deleted from the a and b genomes of tetraploid triticum turgidum (ab). we now report the recurrent deletions of pina-pinb in other lineages of polyploid wheat. we analyzed the ha haplotype st ...200818024553
characterization of phytoene synthase 1 gene (psy1) located on common wheat chromosome 7a and development of a functional marker.phytoene synthase (psy), a critical enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, demonstrated high association with the yellow pigment (yp) content in wheat grain. characterization of psy genes and the development of functional markers for them are of importance for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. in this study, the full-length genomic dna sequence of a psy gene (psy-a1) located on chromosome 7a, was characterized by in silico cloning and experimental validation. the cloned psy-a1 ...200817943267
mitochondrial alternative pathway is associated with development of freezing tolerance in common wheat.cold acclimation is an adaptive process for acquiring cold/freezing tolerance in wheat. to clarify the cultivar difference of freezing tolerance, we compared mitochondrial respiration activity and the expression profile of alternative oxidase (aox) genes under low-temperature conditions using two common wheat cultivars differing in freezing tolerance. during cold acclimation, the respiration capacity of the alternative pathway significantly increased in a freezing-tolerant cultivar compared with ...200817766003
increased freezing tolerance in an aba-hypersensitive mutant of common wheat.to study role of abscisic acid (aba) in cold acclimation and cold/freezing tolerance in wheat, we analyzed an aba-hypersensitive mutant of triticum aestivum, named aba27. aba-hypersensitivity in aba27 was confirmed by bioassays involving germination and seedling growth and expression analysis of aba-responsive genes in comparison with the parental cultivar 'chihoku-komugi' (chihoku). aba27 showed significantly increased freezing tolerance in seedlings without cold acclimation. aba-treated seedli ...200817240477
heat-induced accumulation of chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, in winter wheat.chloroplast protein synthesis elongation factor, ef-tu, has been implicated in heat tolerance in maize (zea mays). chloroplast ef-tu is highly conserved, and it is possible that this protein may be of importance to heat tolerance in other species including wheat (triticum aestivum). in this study, we assessed heat tolerance and determined the relative levels of ef-tu in mature plants (at flowering stage) of 12 cultivars of winter wheat experiencing a 16-d-long heat treatment (36/30 degrees c, da ...200817498838
[the effects of gene rht8 alleles in agronomic traits of winter bread wheat in the conditions of south steppe of the ukraine].resistance to frost, winterhardiness, yield and its components were investigated in recombinant-inbred lines f5 odesskaya 16/bezostaya 1 and 61 winter wheat varieties differing on the alleles of rht8 gene. the absence of influence of gene rht8 different alleles on the tested traits was shown. the high frequency of distribution of alleles rht8c in modern wheat varieties developed in plant breeding and genetics institute is a result of high frequency of use of this allele in genetic pool after 195 ...200817494341
characterizing hmw-gs alleles of decaploid agropyron elongatum in relation to evolution and wheat breeding.bread wheat quality is mainly correlated with high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs) of endosperm. the number of hmw-gs alleles with good processing quality is limited in bread wheat cultivars, while there are plenty of hmw-gs alleles in wheat-related grasses to exploit. we report here on the cloning and characterization of hmw-gs alleles from the decaploid agropyron elongatum. eleven novel hmw-gs alleles were cloned from the grass. of them, five are x-type and six y-type glutenin subu ...200817992503
evolutionary origin of the segmental duplication encompassing the wheat glu-b1 locus encoding the overexpressed bx7 (bx7oe) high molecular weight glutenin subunit.sequencing of a bac clone encompassing the glu-b1 locus in glenlea, revealed a 10.3 kb segmental duplication including the bx7 gene and flanking an ltr retroelement. to better understand the evolution of this locus, two collections of wheat were surveyed. the first consisted of 96 diploid and tetraploid species accessions while the second consisted of 316 triticum aestivum cultivars and landraces from 41 countries. the genotypes were first characterized by sds-page and a total of 40 of the 316 t ...200817985111
short-term effects on soil properties and wheat production from secondary paper sludge application on two mediterranean agricultural soils.this study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potential use of sps as a fertilizer, amendment and/or liming agent for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two representative mediterranean agricultural soils, a cambic arenosol (cmar) and a cromic cambisol (crcm) were used. treatments included four sludge rates ranging from 0 to 40 g kg(-1) (equivalent of 0, 38, 88 and 120 mg ha(-1)). a significant increment in soil ph, organic carbon, n total, available p and exchangeable k were o ...200817964139
detailed dissection of the chromosomal region containing the ph1 locus in wheat triticum aestivum: with deletion mutants and expression profiling.understanding ph1, a dominant homoeologous chromosome pairing suppressor locus on the long arm of chromosome 5b in wheat triticum aestivum l., is the core of the investigation in this article. the ph1 locus restricts chromosome pairing and recombination at meiosis to true homologues. the importance of wheat as a crop and the need to exploit its wild relatives as donors for economically important traits in wheat breeding programmes is the main drive to uncover the mechanism of the ph1 locus and r ...200817951583
real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for endogenous reference gene for specific detection and quantification of common wheat-derived dna (triticum aestivum l.).a species-specific endogenous reference gene system was developed for polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based analysis in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by targeting the almt1 gene, an aluminium-activated malate transporter. the primers and probe were elaborated for real-time pcr-based qualitative and quantitative assay. the size of amplified product is 95 base pairs. the specificity was assessed on 17 monocot and dicot plant species. the established real-time pcr assay amplified only t. aest ...200817580632
genetic analysis of the t. aestivum/ae. sharonensis introgressive lines of common wheat for resistance to powdery mildew.results of investigation of peculiarities of common wheat hybridological analysis for a discrete character, resistance for powdery mildew, governed by the alien gene from ae. sharonensis are present. relation between genome structure of crossed introgressive lines and deviation of empirical ratios of segregation in f2 from theoretical, based on the assumption about monogenic inheritance of considered character is established. the approach to the quantitative count of influence of such connection ...200816250248
[molecular-genetic analysis of wheat (t. aestivum l.) genome with introgression of ae. cylindrica host genetic elements].wheat-aegilops hybrid plants triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42) x aegilops cylindrica host (2n = 28) were investigated with using microsatellite markers. in two bc1f9 lines some genome modifications connected with losing dna fragments of initial variety or appearing of aegilops genome elements were detected. in some investigated hybrids new amplicons lacking in parental plants were found. substitution of wheat chromosomes for aegilops chromosomes was not revealed. analysis of microsatellite loci in ...200816250247
[allele characterization of storage protein loci in the greek spring wheat cultivars].genotypes at the storage protein loci glu-a1, glu-b1, glu-d1, gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1, gli-a3 were identified in a group of greek spring common wheat varieties. these varieties served as the parental forms for producing dihaploid lines. heterogeneous varieties were revealed.200815067944
[inheritance of heading date in crosses of wheat cultivar responsiveness to light intensity].the inheritance of heading date has been studied in crosses of spring bread wheat cultivars differing in their reaction to various light intensities. the parental cultivars were similar in their vrn and ppd gene systems and differed in heading dates. domination of higher reaction to light intensity has been shown in f1 on duration of "ear emergence-heading" period. analysis of f2 populations has shown the identity of earliness per se genetic systems in novosibirskaya 22 and ordynskaya cultivars. ...200815131962
[recombination frequency in the locus gli-d1 of common wheat t. aestivum l].the recombination frequency at the gliadin locus gli-d1 of common wheat was determined by the maximum likelihood method. recombination was observed between the gene encoding the fastest omega-component of the allele gli-d1j, and the genes encoding the other omega-gliadins of this allele. the frequency of recombination was 0.65 +/- 0.18% for the cross between the near-isogenic lines of winter common wheat with respect to gliadin loci gli-d1-4 and gli-b1-3 and 0.78 +/- 0.45% for the cross between ...200814650331
[cytogenetic processes in the course of triticum aestivum and haynatricum hybridization].meiosis in hybrids obtained in direct and return crossings between haynatricum and wheat was studied. in f1 hybrids the possibility of stimulation of homoeologous pairing between the chromosomes of t. aestivum and t. dicoccum and, probably, h. villosum, if haynatricum was used as pollinator, has been shown. this process is considerably intensified when the genes regulating chromosome pairing, in particular ph1b mutation, are used. in reciprocal crosses it was shown that wheat genotypes can diffe ...200814650330
[genetic control system of the differences in duration of vernalization in winter common wheat].hypotheses of differences in genetic control on duration of vernalization for winter wheat have been considered. it has been shown that differences in this character are controlled by independent vrd gene system. monogenic dominant near-isogenic lines have been created. they differ in two non-allelic vrd1 and vrd2 genes with unequal expression. the response of created lines to photoperiodic changes and vrd genes effects on various agronomic traits have been characterized. vrd genotypes have been ...200814650328
[effect of gametocidal chromosome 4s' on the phenotype segregation ratio in genetic analysis of common wheat lines].using experimental data on genetic analysis of introgressive lines for the character "hairy leaf sheath" controlled by the "cuckoo" chromosome 4s1, the algorithm for calculation of the theoretical segregation ratio in f2 was developed. segregation distortion is caused by non-viability of the majority of gametes lacking the chromosome 4s1. the frequency of functioning gametes without the chromosome 4s1 is determined by the probability p versus the theoretically expected ratio 7 nonviable: 9 viabl ...200814650327
[resolving capacity of monosomic line analysis in cytogenetic studies of common wheat].basing on statistic analysis of the character of homologue pairing in the series of monosomic lines of wheat milturum 553 it was found that the diversions of monosomic and disomic plants from their original parent were caused by the changes in the system of actions and interrelations of genes caused by hemizygous state of chromosomes. resolving capacity of monosomic line analysis as a method of cytogenetic investigations of wheat was demonstrated. input of each chromosome in determination of mei ...200815619985
[hybrids of aegilops cylindrica host with triticum durum desf. and t. aestivum l].the hybrids of durum and bread wheat with ae. cylindrica have been obtained without using an embryo rescue technique. the hybrid output (of pollinated flower number) in the field conditions scored 1.0, 15.3 and 10.0% in the crosses t. durum x ae. cylindrica, ae. cylindrica x t. durum and t. aestivum x ae. cylindrica, respectively. a high level of meiotic chromosome pairing between homologous d genomes of bread wheat and aegilops has been revealed (c = 80.0-83.7%). the possibility of homoeologica ...200812741056
[detection of the introgression of genome elements of aegilops cylindrica host. into triticum aestivum l. genome with issr-analysis].comparative analysis of introgressive and parental forms of wheat was carried out to reveal the sites of donor genome with new loci of resistance to fungal diseases. by issr-method 124 issr-loci were detected in the genomes of 18 individual plants of introgressive line 5/20-91; 17 of them have been related to introgressive fragments of ae. cylindrica genome in t. aestivum. it was shown that issr-method is effective for detection of the variability caused by introgression of alien genetic materia ...200812945176
trace elements in western canadian hard red spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.): levels and quality assurance.a monitoring program was conducted for trace elements in western canadian hard red spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.). samples were selected from harvest survey samples submitted by producers from crop districts in manitoba, saskatchewan, and alberta for 1996, 1997, and 1998 crops. the analytical quality control measures used in these surveys are described along with the results for cd, cu, fe, mn, se, and zn. accuracy and precision for the analyses fell within the acceptable control limits. ye ...200811767168
[inheritance of frost resistance and winter hardiness in distant hybrids of wheat and amphiploids].the data on inheritance of frost resistance and winter hardiness of bread wheat lines obtained as a result of distant hybridization of wheat-rye and wheat-elymus amphiploids with durum and bread wheat were presented. it was shown that selection of the donors of valuable traits is sensible to make in later progenies of hybrids (f6-f7). so, it is possible to obtain the new initial breeding material for winter bread wheat selection with high frost tolerance, winter hardiness and early maturity. hyp ...200811391895
[chromosomal localization of a gamete-killing gene in a wheat line].monosomic analysis revealed that a gametocidal gene in a common wheat line derivative from aegilops speltoides is located on chromosome 2b. this gene induces semisterility, low level of chromosome breaks, shriveled seeds, and endosperm degeneration. the obtained data indicate that the localized gene is allelic to well known gametocidal genes gc1a and gc1b.200811944309
efficient and rapid agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) using additional virulence genes.genetic transformation of wheat, using biolistics or agrobacterium, underpins a range of specific research methods for identifying genes and studying their function in planta. transgenic approaches to study and modify traits in durum wheat have lagged behind those for bread wheat. here we report the use of agrobacterium strain agl1, with additional vir genes housed in a helper plasmid, to transform and regenerate the durum wheat variety ofanto. the use of the basic psoup helper plasmid with no a ...200817638109
kinetics of phosphorus and potassium release from rock phosphate and waste mica enriched compost and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum).an attempt was made to study the efficient use of rice straw and indigenous source of phosphorus and potassium in crop production through composting technology. various enriched composts were prepared using rice straw, rock phosphate (rp), waste mica and bioinoculant (aspergillus awamori) and kinetics of release of phosphorus and potassium from enriched composts and their effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (triticum aestivum) were carried out. results showed sharp increases in release ...200817905580
expression of puroindoline a enhances leaf rust resistance in transgenic tetraploid wheat.the purouindoline gene (pin) coding for puroindoline proteins (pins) is located on chromosome 5d, controls grain hardness, and the pins have in vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive (g+) bacteria, gram-negative (g-) bacteria and fungi. wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina is one of the most important fungal diseases for common wheat with aabbdd genomes. tetraploid wheat (aabb genome) varieties luna and venusia were transformed with the purouindoline a (pina) gene by bombardm ...200817380426
the nitrate leached below maize root zone is available for deep-rooted wheat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the north china plain.in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-summer maize (zea mays l.) rotation system in the north china plain, maize roots do not extend beyond 1.2 m in the vertical soil profile, but wheat roots can reach up to 2.0 m. increases in soil nitrate content at maize harvest and significant reductions after winter wheat harvest were observed in the 1.4-2.0 m depth under field conditions. the recovery of 15n isotope (calcium nitrate) from various (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 m) soil depths showed that ...200817692443
alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping, fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of india.soil quality assessment provides a tool for evaluating the sustainability of alternative soil management practices. our objective was to develop the most sensitive soil quality index for evaluating fertilizer, farm yard manure (fym), and crop management practices on a semiarid inceptisol in india. soil indicators and crop yield data from a long-term (31 years) fertilizer, manure, and crop rotation (maize, wheat, cowpea, pearl millet) study at the indian agricultural research institute (iari) nea ...200817457684
brassinosteroids regulate grain filling in rice.genes controlling hormone levels have been used to increase grain yields in wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa). we created transgenic rice plants expressing maize (zea mays), rice, or arabidopsis thaliana genes encoding sterol c-22 hydroxylases that control brassinosteroid (br) hormone levels using a promoter that is active in only the stems, leaves, and roots. the transgenic plants produced more tillers and more seed than wild-type plants. the seed were heavier as well, especiall ...200818708477
transport of proteins into chloroplasts. import and maturation of precursors to the 33-, 23-, and 16-kda proteins of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex.the 33-, 23-, and 16-kda proteins of the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving complex are synthesized as precursors in the cytoplasm and transported into the thylakoid lumen of higher plant chloroplasts. in this report we have analyzed the import and maturation of these precursors, using reconstituted protein import assays and partially purified preparations of the processing peptidases involved. precursors of the 33- and 23-kda proteins from spinacia and triticum aestivum are processed by a stromal p ...20082684958
phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit.the phytotoxicity of the three major monoterpene constituents of the essential oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit. (redstem wormwood) was investigated. gc/gc-ms analysis revealed that the essential oil (yield 0.84%) is a complex mixture containing 19 monoterpenes, 7 sesquiterpenes and 15 other compounds--aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. the three major monoterpenes were beta-myrcene (30.2%), p-cymene (12.8%) and dl-limonene (12.4%). the essential oi ...200819040104
[cloning and expression analysis of two salt and fusarium graminearum stress associated udp-glucosyltransferases genes in wheat].glycosyltransferases (gts) play important roles in stress responses of plants by glycosylating hormones and secondary metabolites. udp-glucosyltransferases (ugts), which use udp-glucuronic acid in animals, udp-glucose, udp-galactose, and udp- rhamnose in plant as sugar donors, belong to family 1 of gts. as a secondary metabolite produced by fusarium graminearum during infection of grains, deoxynivalenol (don) is not only harmful to human and animal's health by inhibiting protein synthesis, but a ...200819073578
specific binding sites for progesterone and 17beta-estradiol in cells of triticum aestivum l.the presence and location of specific binding sites for progesterone and 17beta-estradiol in cells of wheat were estimated using radioligand binding assay. membrane and cytosolic fractions of non-vernalized and vernalized plants were tested using tritium-labelled ligands. specific binding of [(3)h]progesterone and [(3)h]17beta-estradiol occurs in wheat cells. the binding sites are located in membranes and in the cytosol. specific binding of [(3)h]17beta-estradiol is higher in the membranes than ...200819081853
toxicity and bioavailability of copper nanoparticles to the terrestrial plants mung bean (phaseolus radiatus) and wheat (triticum aestivum): plant agar test for water-insoluble nanoparticles.because of their insolubility in water, nanoparticles have a limitation concerning toxicity experiments. the present study demonstrated a plant agar test for homogeneous exposure of nanoparticles to plant species. the effect of cu nanoparticles on the growth of a plant seedling was studied, and bioaccumulation of nanoparticles was investigated. all tests were conducted in plant agar media to prevent precipitation of water-insoluble nanoparticles in test units. the plant species were phaseolus ra ...200819086317
tobacco by-2 cells as effective bioreactor for the production of puroindolines.puroindolines are two small proteins so called for the presence of an hydrophobic tryptophan-rich domain. associated to wheat starch granules in triticum aestivum, puroindolines have been shown to be responsible for the softness of the wheat endosperm. moreover, have been proved to possess bactericide and anti-fungal properties together with the capacity of forming very stable foams. all these features make puroindolines very attractive for medical, pharmaceutical and food industrial application ...200819014352
wheat leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina.leaf rust, caused by puccinia triticina, is the most common rust disease of wheat. the fungus is an obligate parasite capable of producing infectious urediniospores as long as infected leaf tissue remains alive. urediniospores can be wind-disseminated and infect host plants hundreds of kilometres from their source plant, which can result in wheat leaf rust epidemics on a continental scale. this review summarizes current knowledge of the p. triticina/wheat interaction with emphasis on the infecti ...200819018988
a class iii peroxidase specifically expressed in pathogen-attacked barley epidermis contributes to basal resistance.higher plants possess large multigene families encoding secreted class iii peroxidase (prx) proteins. in barley, two prx cdnas encoding hvprx07 and hvprx08 have been isolated and characterized to some extent with respect to a resistance-mediating function upon attack by the powdery-mildew fungus blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (bgh). here we present evidence for the tissue-specific accumulation of a new prx mrna, hvprx40, in bgh-attacked epidermis of barley (hordeum vulgare). the encoded protein ...200819018997
characterization of t. aestivum-h. californicum chromosome addition lines da2h and ma5h.in order to transfer useful genes of hordeum californicum into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the t. aestivum c.v. chinese spring (cs)-h. californicum amphiploid was crossed to cs, and its backcrossing and self-fertilized progenies were analyzed by morphological observation, cytological, biochemical and molecular marker techniques. alien addition lines with two h. californicum chromosomes were identified and their genetic constitution was characterized. sts-pcr analysis using chromosome 2b ...200819022201
[screening hv-s/tpk from tac library of a triticum aestivum-haynaldia villosa translocation line].hv-s/tpk gene, a resistance related gene to powdery mildew, was cloned by using genechip, and its expression was upregulated after the inoculation of blumeria graminis to haynaldia villosa. using the specific primers of hv-s/tpk to screen a genomic tac (transformation-competent artificial chromosome) library of translocation line 6vs/6al, a positive tac was screened. a 5-kb fragment containing hv-s/tpk was subcloned and identified. this 5160-bp fragment (genbank accession no. eu153366) was deter ...200818998531
a novel homeobox-like gene associated with reaction to stripe rust and powdery mildew in common wheat.stripe rust and powdery mildew, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, respectively, are severe diseases in wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. in our study, differential amplification of a 201-bp cdna fragment was obtained in a cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis between near-isogenic lines yr10nil and avocet s, inoculated with p. striiformis f. sp. tritici race cyr29. a full-length cdna (1,357 bp) of a homeobox-like gene, ta ...200819000003
[the generation of h2o2 in wheat hypersensitive reaction induced by leaf rust fungus].h2o2 burst in the defense responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) infected with compatible and incompatible leaf rust fungus races (puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici) was investigated firstly. cytofluorimetric analysis using the fluorescent probe dcfhda scrutinized the generation of h2o2 in wheat primary leaves. the results indicated that h2o2 burst could be induced by either compatible or incompatible leaf rust fungus. however, the kinetics of h2o2 burst in incompatible interaction were biphas ...200818958998
fusarium sinensis sp. nov., a new species from wheat in china.two strains of fusarium sinensis sp. nov. were isolated from the seeds and roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in shandong province, china. they are superficially similar to f. dlaminii in producing fusiform-to-reniform and napiform microconidia and chlamydospores in almost the same size range as f. dlaminii. however the colonies and chlamydospores of f. sinensis resemble those of species in sections roseum, gibbosum and discolor. phylogenetic analysis of partial translation elongation factor ...200818959160
diurnal photosynthesis, water use efficiency and light use efficiency of wheat under mediterranean field conditions.photosynthesis and transpiration rates of wheat leaves (triticum aestivum l.) were measured at 30 min intervals under mediterranean field conditions, using photosynthesis monitor system (pm-48m). the dynamics of net photosynthetic rate (p(n)), transpiration rate (e(t)), water use efficiency (wue), light use efficiency (lue), stomatal conductance (g(s)), photosynthetically active radiation (par), air temperature (t), relative humidity (rh), and atmospheric co2 concentration (catm) were quantified ...200818972699
genetic analysis of resistance to pyrenophora tritici-repentis races 1 and 5 in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.tan spot of wheat, caused by the fungus pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is a destructive disease worldwide that can lead to serious losses in quality and quantity of wheat grain production. resistance to multiple races of p. tritici-repentis was identified in a wide range of genetically diverse genotypes, including three different species triticum aestivum (aabbdd), t. spelta (aabbdd), and t. turgidum (aabb). the major objectives of this study were to determine the genetic control of resistance to ...200818944295
plastid omega3-fatty acid desaturase-dependent accumulation of a systemic acquired resistance inducing activity in petiole exudates of arabidopsis thaliana is independent of jasmonic acid.systemic acquired resistance (sar) is an inducible defense mechanism that is activated throughout the plant, subsequent to localized inoculation with a pathogen. the establishment of sar requires translocation of an unknown signal from the pathogen-inoculated leaf to the distal organs, where salicylic acid-dependent defenses are activated. we demonstrate here that petiole exudates (pexs) collected from arabidopsis leaves inoculated with an avirulent (avr) pseudomonas syringae strain promote resi ...200818088304
different mechanisms of adaptation to cyclic water stress in two south australian bread wheat cultivars.in the south australian wheat belt, cyclic drought is a frequent event represented by intermittent periods of rainfall which can occur around anthesis and post-anthesis in wheat. three south australian bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, excalibur, kukri, and rac875, were evaluated in one greenhouse and two growth-room experiments. in the first growth-room experiment, where plants were subjected to severe cyclic water-limiting conditions, rac875 and excalibur (drought-tolerant) showed ...200818703496
transcriptome analysis of the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction.stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. genetic resistance is the preferred method for control and the yr5 gene, originally identified in triticum spelta var. album, represents a major resistance (r) gene that confers all-stage resistance to all currently known races of pst in the united states. to identify transcripts associated with the yr5-mediated incompatible interaction and the yr5 ...200818705849
transcriptome analysis of high-temperature adult-plant resistance conditioned by yr39 during the wheat-puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici interaction.stripe rust [caused by puccinia striiformis westend. f. sp. tritici eriks. (pst)] is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) worldwide. high-temperature adult-plant (htap) resistance to stripe rust is race non-specific, inherited quantitatively and durable. previously, we identified and mapped the single yr39 htap stripe rust resistance gene in the spring wheat cultivar alpowa, which was identified on chromosome 7bl and accounted for 64.2% of the variation in resistance. to identif ...200818705862
a genetic map constructed using a doubled haploid population derived from two elite chinese common wheat varieties.genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for the analysis of quantitative trait loci (qtls) at the genomic level. herein, we report a new genetic linkage map developed from an f(1)-derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 168 lines, which was generated from the cross between two elite chinese common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties, huapei 3 and yumai 57. the map contained 305 loci, represented by 283 simple sequence repeat (ssr) and 22 expressed sequence tag (est)-ssr markers, which cov ...200818713343
reproductive allocation patterns in different density populations of spring wheat.the effects of increased intraspecific competition on size hierarchies (size inequality) and reproductive allocation were investigated in populations of the annual plant, spring wheat (triticum aestivum). a series of densities (100, 300, 1000, 3000 and 10,000 plants/m(2)) along a gradient of competition intensity were designed in this experiment. the results showed that average shoot biomass decreased with increased density. reproductive allocation was negatively correlated to gini coefficient ( ...200818713435
the contribution of distant hybridization with decaploid agropyron elongatum to wheat improvement in china.wheat is a staple food crop in the world as well as in china. because of the progress of wheat breeding and other agricultural scitechnologies, the wheat grain yield per unit area has increased more than five folds from 1952 to 2006 in china. the first part of this article briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding in china. second, the establishment of "triticum aestivum-agropyron" distant hybridization system and its contribution to wheat production and breeding in china are summarized. fin ...200818721781
specific interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria: as revealed by different combinations.the interactions between two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr, pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 and paenibacillus brasilensis pb177), two arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi (glomus mosseae and glomus intraradices) and one pathogenic fungus (microdochium nivale) were investigated on winter wheat (triticum aestivum cultivar tarso) in a greenhouse trial. pb177, but not sbw25, had strong inhibitory effects on m. nivale in dual culture plate assays. the results from the greenhouse experiment sh ...200818754788
characterization of the taaidfa gene encoding a crt/dre-binding factor responsive to drought, high-salt, and cold stress in wheat.dehydration responsive element-binding factors (dbfs) belong to the ap2/erf superfamily and play vital regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses in plants. in this study, we isolated three novel homologs of the dbf gene family in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by screening a drought-induced cdna library and designated them as taaidfs (t. aestivum abiotic stress-induced dbfs). compared to taaidfb and taaidfc, taaidfa lacks a short ser/thr-rich region, a putative phosphorylation site, following t ...200818800227
pm23: a new allele of pm4 located on chromosome 2al in wheat.powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is one of the major diseases of common wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. the powdery mildew resistance gene pm23, identified in the common wheat line 81-7241 and originally assigned to wheat chromosome 5a, was relocated on chromosome 2al with the aid of molecular markers. mapping of microsatellite markers in two wheat crosses segregating for pm23 and pm4b, respectively, in combination with the reported mapping of pm4a, indicated that ...200818818899
colonization and nitrogenase activity of triticum aestivum (cv. baccross and mahdavi) to the dual inoculation with azospirillum brasilense and rhizobium meliloti plus 2,4-d.the potential enhancement of root colonization and nitrogenase activity of wheat cultivars (baccross and mahdavi) was studied with application of two azospirillum brasilense strains (native and sp7) co-inoculated with two rhizobium meliloti strains (native and dsmz 30135). the results indicated that the colonization was different due to the strains and cultivars of wheat were used. native a. brasilense colonized wheat root better than sp7 strain. however, baccross cv. reacted better with native ...200818819640
effects of tetrabromobisphenol a as an emerging pollutant on wheat (triticum aestivum) at biochemical levels.biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum) to the stress of tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa) as an emerging pollutant were examined. the results indicated that reduction of the chlorophyll (chl) content in wheat leaves could be observed. however, the changes in the chl content with the increasing tbbpa concentration from 50 to 5000 mg kg(-1) were insignificant (p>0.05). increased malondialdehyde levels were detected in wheat leaves after both 7-d and 12-d exposures. the changes in the activ ...200818835007
[induction, regeneration, and biolistic sensitivity of different genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.)].the induction, regeneration, and biolistic sensitivities of different genotypes of common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) have been determined in order to develop an efficient system for transformation of russian cultivars of spring wheat. short-term (two days) cold treatment (4 degrees c) has been demonstrated to distinctly increase the frequency of morphogenetic callus induction. the optimal phytohormonal composition of the nutrient medium ensuring an in vitro regeneration rate of the common whea ...200818846824
increasing the physical markers of wheat chromosomes using ssrs as fish probes.in plants the marker sequences used to identify chromosomes are mainly repetitive dna probes. simple sequence repeats (ssrs) are major components of many plant genomes and could be good markers for chromosome identification. in a previous work, we reported the physical distribution of 4 oligonucleotides, (ag)12, (cat)5, (aac)5, and (aag)5, on triticum aestivum l. chromosomes. the distinctive distribution pattern found suggested that ssr in situ hybridization is useful as a diagnostic tool in whe ...200818923532
lateral-flow colloidal gold-based immunoassay for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol with two indicator ranges.a lateral-flow immunoassay using a colloidal gold-labelled monoclonal antibody was developed for the rapid detection of deoxynivalenol (don). different parameters, such as the amount of immunoreagents, type of the materials, composition of the blocking solution and of the detector reagent mixture, were investigated to provide the optimum assay performance. the experimental results demonstrated that such a visual test had an indicator range rather than a cut-off value. thus, tests for don determi ...200818482609
[inhibition of lipase activity by low-molecular-weight chitosan].inhibition of enzymatic activity of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the fungus candida rugosa and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) germ by low-molecular-weight chitosan with an average molecular weight of 5.7 kda in reactions of p-nitrophenyl palmitate cleavage was studied. preincubation of lipases with chitosan, prior to addition of the substrate to solution, showed that equilibrium during the lipase-inhibitor complex formation was reached within 30 min. the inhibition constants for c. rugosa lipase and w ...200818491595
construction of multiform scfv antibodies using linker peptide.multiform single chain variable fragments (scfvs) including different length linker scfvs and bispecific scfv were constructed. the linker lengths of 0, 3, 5, 8, 12, and 15 amino acids between v(h) and v(l) of antideoxynivalenol (anti-don) scfv were used to analyze the affinities of scfvs. the affinity constants of these scfvs increased when the linker was lower than 12 amino acids. the affinity constant would not change when the linker was longer than 12 amino acids. fusion gene of anti-don scf ...200818499076
quantitative trait loci for seedling and adult plant resistance to stagonospora nodorum in wheat.stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb) caused by stagonospora nodorum is a severe disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) in many areas of the world. s. nodorum affects both seedling and adult plants causing necrosis of leaf and glume tissue, inhibiting photosynthetic capabilities, and reducing grain yield. the aims of this study were to evaluate disease response of 280 doubled haploid (dh) individuals derived from a cross between resistant (6hrwsn125) and susceptible (wawht2074) genotypes, compare quan ...200818943206
specificity of incomplete resistance to mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat.we examined interactions between wheat (triticum aestivum) and mycosphaerella graminicola, causal agent of septoria tritici blotch, to determine whether specific interactions occur between host and pathogen genotypes that could be involved in eroding resistance. the moderate resistance of the wheat cultivar madsen has eroded significantly in the willamette valley of oregon since its release in 1990. foote is a replacement cultivar expressing moderate resistance and was released in 2000. isolates ...200818943223
quantitative trait loci for high-temperature adult-plant and slow-rusting resistance to puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in wheat cultivars.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat (triticum aestivum) globally. high-temperature adult-plant resistance (htapr) and slow-rusting have great potential for sustainable management of the disease. the wheat cultivars luke and aquileja have been previously reported to possess htapr and slow-rusting to stripe rust, respectively. aquileja displayed less number of stripes per unit leaf area than luke, while luke showed lower infecti ...200818943256
mapping of adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in diploid a genome wheat species and their transfer to bread wheat.stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis west. f.sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. forty genes for stripe rust resistance have been catalogued so far, but the majority of them are not effective against emerging pathotypes. triticum monococcum and t. boeoticum have excellent levels of resistance to rusts, but so far, no stripe rust resistance gene has been identified or transferred from these species. a set of 121 rils generated from a cross involving t. mon ...200817989954
not simply a foreign body.the presence of foreign biological substances in the human body can lead to violent immune reactions. this is the report of a very rare case involving not only the presence of a biological substance, but also a symbiotic relationship between a living plant (the common wheat grain, triticum aestivum l.) and the human body. black coal particles and one cereal grain were removed from the subgalea of the right parietal region of a 35-year-old man who had sustained injuries in a motor vehicle acciden ...200818022346
effects of co2 laser pretreatment on drought stress resistance in wheat.in order to determine the role of laser in drought stress resistance of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.), seed embryos were exposed to co2 laser radiation for 0min, 1min, 3min and 5min, respectively, and when the seedlings were 12 days old they were treated with 10% (w/v) peg6000 solution for 10 days. changes in the concentration of malondialdehyde (mda), hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), glutathione (gsh), ascorbate (asa), oxidized glutathione (gssg), carotenoid, zeaxanthin, the production rate of s ...200818032059
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