Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| defining the magnitude of ocular complications from leprosy: problems of methodology. | a comprehensive review of all ocular surveys (40) of leprosy patients was undertaken. these surveys do not provide adequate information for defining the incidence or prevalence of ocular disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. furthermore, the level of disability and blindness from leprosy has not been addressed. the primary methodologic problems in these surveys are: a) lack of survey sampling techniques, b) institution-based or. clinic-based populations as the study population, c) inadequate i ... | 1988 | 3221113 |
| mycobacterium leprae-susceptibility of non-obese diabetic hybrid nude mice. | 1988 | 3250960 | |
| effect of multidrug therapy on the levels of antibodies to mycobacterium leprae glycolipid-1 in the leprosy spectrum. | sera from one hundred and forty five untreated leprosy patients, ten proven cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis and twenty five healthy volunteers not exposed to m. leprae infection were assayed for pgl-1 antibodies. all available follow up samples after multidrug therapy were also assayed. a decline in the level of pgl-1 antibodies were seen in many of the post-treatment samples, giving an indirect assessment of the bacterial load and the prognosis of the disease. | 1988 | 3253332 |
| corneal changes in nine-banded armadillos with leprosy. | leprosy is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide; however, little is known about the ocular changes that occur during the disease process. we have studied the eyes of two nine-banded armadillos with experimental mycobacterium leprae infection by light and electron microscopy. both animals had been inoculated intracutaneously, one 5 years and the other 2 years previously. light microscopy revealed invasion by acid-fast bacilli which were seen in keratocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in ... | 1988 | 3275592 |
| rifampicin-resistant strains of mycobacterium leprae may have reduced virulence. | a strain of mycobacterium leprae resistant to rifampicin (rmp) failed to infect normal mice when injected into the foot pads (fp) at a dose of 10 or 100 bacilli/fp, although it could be maintained by serial passage in mice by the use of inocula of 10(4) bacilli/fp; normal mice can be infected by rmp-sensitive m. leprae at a dose of 10 bacilli/fp. by contrast, nude (athymic) mice could be infected with an inoculum of 10 bacilli/fp of the rmp-resistant strain. it is suggested that the strain conce ... | 1988 | 3275779 |
| the 13th kellersberger memorial lecture, 1987. a view of vaccines against leprosy and a reflection on "appropriate science" and the third world. | 1988 | 3276511 | |
| clofazimine analogues active against a clofazimine-resistant organism. | clofazimine analogues active against a strain of mycobacterium smegmatis 607 made resistant to the antileprosy agent have been synthesized. activity (i.e., less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml causing complete inhibition of growth) requires that there be a basic nitrogen in the "rimino" side chain and that the spacer distance between this nitrogen and the imino nitrogen be at least three carbon atoms. the nitrogen may be primary, secondary, or tertiary and may be part of an open chain or enclos ... | 1988 | 3279207 |
| measurement of hypoxanthine incorporation in purified suspensions of mycobacterium leprae: a suitable method to screen for anti-leprosy agents in vitro. | the rate of incorporation of hypoxanthine was measured in suspensions of mycobacterium leprae, with and without added anti-leprosy agents. dapsone, clofazamine and brodimoprim, as well as other benzylpryimidines, inhibited hypoxanthine incorporation, and their minimum inhibitory concentrations for incorporation with intact m. leprae were near the minimum inhibitory concentrations at which the agents have antibacterial effects. at sub-inhibitory concentrations for hypoxanthine incorporation, some ... | 1988 | 3279214 |
| immunological significance of mycobacterium leprae cell walls. | cell walls of mycobacterium leprae, prepared by differential solvent extraction, were shown to contain arabinogalactan, mycolates, and peptidoglycan. in addition, amino acid analysis revealed the unexpected presence of large amounts of protein that retained potent immunological reactivity. purified cell walls stimulated proliferation of t cells from tuberculoid, but not from lepromatous leprosy, patients and elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions in guinea pigs and patients sensit ... | 1988 | 3279420 |
| heterologous expression of the 65-kilodalton antigen of mycobacterium leprae and murine t-cell responses to the gene product. | the gene encoding the immunodominant 65-kilodalton antigen of mycobacterium leprae was subcloned from a lambda gt11 clone into the high-copy-number plasmid puc8. escherichia coli containing these recombinants produced large amounts of the antigen, which was purified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of urea. the ability of e. coli to recognize the mycobacterial promoter was confirmed by constructing additional clones in which the gene is flanked by transcriptional terminators ... | 1988 | 3281904 |
| a review of immunopathologic studies of human leprosy lesions in situ. | 1988 | 3284839 | |
| progress in the serology of leprosy at the university of hawaii. | 1988 | 3284840 | |
| relapse in hansen's disease. | 1988 | 3284841 | |
| responses to mycobacterium leprae by lymphocytes from new and old leprosy patients: role of exogenous lymphokines. | lepromatous leprosy patients generally have reduced response to mycobacterium leprae antigens in an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test, which could be due to insufficient generation of reactions or to active suppression of any reaction generated. we could detect 3 types of lack of reactivity: one which could be restored by the addition of supernatants from healthy, pha-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, one which could not thus be restored and one in which the culture supernatant contained fac ... | 1988 | 3285856 |
| immunoblotting and the immune response to leprosy. | immunoblotting has provided a powerful and effective approach to dissection of the immune response to mycobacterial antigens in a situation in which the availability of isolated antigenic components is severely limited. the basic approach of blotting on to a solid-phase support has been used in combination with sds/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, t.l.c., recombinant dna technology and t-cell cloning in order to carry out a comprehensive analysis of glycolipid and protein antigens involved in ... | 1988 | 3286317 |
| leprosy and immunity: genetics and immune function in multiple case families. | genetic susceptibility to infection with m. leprae was studied in 10 multiple case families of australian aborigines. of the 87 members available for study, 24 had proven stable clinical leprosy which had been or was still being treated with diamino diphenyl sulphone. evidence of contact with m. leprae in the remaining 63 members as assessed by elisa to m. leprae sonicate and phenolic glycolipid (pgl) or by indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay was found in 78%, 64% and 71%, respectively. b ... | 1988 | 3286485 |
| antigenic profile of icrc bacilli with special reference to isolation of immunogenic subunit. | a vaccine containing icrc bacilli induces persistent immune conversion in lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients and lepromin-negative healthy subjects, in association with upgrading of the tissue responses in the former. with an idea to isolate the immunogenic 'subunit(s)', antigenicity of icrc sonicate and its fractions were tested, with reference to both b- and t-cell responses. a very high molecular weight glycolipoprotein, named pp-i with an apparent molecular weight of 1,000,000, has been isola ... | 1988 | 3286519 |
| skin smears and the bacterial index (b) in multiple drug therapy leprosy control programs: an unsatisfactory and potentially hazardous state of affairs. | 1988 | 3286795 | |
| allergy and immunity in leprosy: are these concepts becoming obsolete? | 1988 | 3286796 | |
| determination of the d and l configuration of phenolic glycolipids of m. leprae and m. bovis. | 1988 | 3286797 | |
| effect of shipment of skin-biopsy specimens to a distant laboratory on viability of mycobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 3286798 | |
| vaccination of human volunteers with heat-killed m. leprae: local responses in relation to the interpretation of the lepromin reaction. | the early (fernandez) and late (mitsuda) lepromin reactions were closely examined in a group of healthy, bcg-vaccinated individuals who were given four doses of a heat-killed, armadillo-derived vaccine, i.e., 1.5 x 10(7), 5 x 10(7), 1.5 x 10(8), and 5 x 10(8) bacilli. there was a clear dose-response relationship for both the early and late reactions with no leveling of the responses within the range of doses examined. while the early response was negative in most of the volunteers, the late resp ... | 1988 | 3286799 |
| soluble antigen of m. leprae coupled with liposomes elicits both "early" and "late" delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions. | the soluble antigen(s) of mycobacterium leprae was(were) coupled to liposomes and used for skin testing of leprosy patients, hoping that this mode of antigen presentation would be identical to that of integral lepromin. the liposomized antigen(s) elicited both early (24-48 hr) and late (3-4 weeks) delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, true to the nature of lepromin, unlike the soluble antigen(s) alone which elicit(s) only the early reaction. | 1988 | 3286800 |
| macrophages, myeloperoxidase, and mycobacterium lepraemurium. | 1988 | 3286810 | |
| [case of lepromatous leprosy]. | 1988 | 3289278 | |
| chemotherapy of leprosy. | 1988 | 3289485 | |
| antigens of mycobacterium leprae identified by immunoprecipitation with sera from leprosy and tuberculosis patients. | mycobacterial antigens which react with human b lymphocytes were investigated by immunoprecipitation of radiolabelled sonicates of mycobacterium leprae and m. bovis (bcg) with sera from patients with leprosy and tuberculosis in the presence of staphylococcus aureus. sds-page analysis of the immunoprecipitates demonstrated that dense bands of mr 12,000 (12k), 15k, 27k, 32-33k, 36k and 48k were the major antigens of m. leprae recognized by antibodies in lepromatous leprosy sera. of these, only the ... | 1988 | 3289801 |
| biophysical optima for metabolism of mycobacterium leprae. | the metabolic response of freshly harvested, nude-mouse-derived mycobacterium leprae to biophysical parameters was studied to facilitate an understanding of axenic culture requirements. quantitation of intracellular atp and the rate of [u-14c]palmitic acid incorporation into phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i) were used as metabolic indicators after axenic incubation in modified dubos medium under various biophysical conditions. pgl-i synthesis was optimal at 33 degrees c, whereas atp was optimally ma ... | 1988 | 3290244 |
| human monoclonal antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-i derived from patients with leprosy, and production of specific anti-idiotypes. | human monoclonal antibodies (mab) were produced by hybridomas derived from fusion of the gm4672 lymphoblastoid cell line and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients. hybridoma supernatants were screened for immunoglobulin (ig) secretion, binding to mycobacterium leprae, phenolic glycolipid-i (phen gl-i), the unique m. leprae glycolipid and single-stranded(ss)dna by elisa. on the basis of direct-binding elisas, two igmk mab (pr4 and th3) were selected for characterization. pr4 an ... | 1988 | 3292409 |
| screening of drug resistant strains of mycobacterium leprae in lepromatous leprosy patients under multidrug treatment. | 1988 | 3294170 | |
| ultrastructure of human foetal schwann cells in tissue culture infected with mycobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 3294539 | |
| association of igg and igm antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-1 antigen of mycobacterium leprae with disease parameters in multibacillary leprosy patients. | 1988 | 3294540 | |
| characteristics of the multiplication of dapsone-resistant strains of mycobacterium leprae in mice. subcommittee on clinical trials of the c hemotherapy of leprosy (thelep) scientific working group of undp/world bank/who special programme for research and training in tropical diseases. | 1988 | 3294541 | |
| oxidation of palmitic acid by mycobacterium leprae in an axenic medium. | the ability of mycobacterium leprae to oxidize palmitic acid during incubation in an axenic medium was studied. by using a buddemeyer-type detection system, partially purified nude-mouse-derived m. leprae was found to produce 14co2 from 14c-labeled palmitic acid in a linear fashion for at least 1 week. procedures known to remove residual host tissue did not diminish the rate of 14co2 evolution, indicating that bacterial metabolism was being measured. palmitate oxidation was temperature sensitive ... | 1988 | 3125213 |
| serum antibody responses to mycobacteria in leprosy patients and their contacts. | 1988 | 3149706 | |
| distribution of phthiocerol diester, phenolic mycosides and related compounds in mycobacteria. | among 28 mycobacterial species studied, only mycobacterium tuberculosis, m. bovis, m. africanum, m. marinum, m. kansasii, m. gastri and m. ulcerans produced waxes yielding long-chain beta-diol components (called phthiocerol and companions) and polymethyl-branched fatty acids on saponification. the same mycobacterial species also produced diesters of phenol phthiocerol and companions. fatty acids esterifying these fatty alcohols in m. marinum and m. ulcerans were found to belong to the phthiocera ... | 1988 | 3149973 |
| diphenoloxidase of mycobacterium leprae: discovery, applications and prospects. | 1988 | 3150974 | |
| metabolism in mycobacterium leprae, m. tuberculosis and other pathogenic mycobacteria. | 1988 | 3151445 | |
| mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan inhibits gamma interferon-mediated activation of macrophages. | the principal efferent role of the macrophage in acquired resistance to intracellular pathogens depends on activation by t-cell lymphokines, primarily gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). however, mouse macrophages that are heavily burdened with mycobacterium leprae are refractory to activation by ifn-gamma and are thus severely compromised in their capacity for both enhanced microbicidal and tumoricidal activities. we report here that lipoarabinomannan (lam), a highly immunogenic lipopolysaccharide th ... | 1988 | 3128482 |
| analysis of hla-dr glycoproteins by dna-mediated gene transfer. definition of dr2 beta gene products and antigen presentation to t cell clones from leprosy patients. | we have used dna-mediated gene transfer to express hla class ii molecules in mouse l cells for serological, biochemical, and functional analysis. cdna clones encoding the dr2 beta a and dr2 beta b products of the dr2dw2 haplotype were subcloned into a mouse moloney leukemia virus-based expression vector (pj4) and transfected separately into mouse l cells together with a hla-dr alpha/pj4 construct. these transfectants have allowed differential analysis of the two dr2 beta products in a manner nor ... | 1988 | 3128633 |
| detection of major genes for susceptibility to leprosy and its subtypes in a caribbean island: desirade island. | to determine the nature of the genetic component controlling susceptibility to leprosy and its subtypes, complex segregation analysis, by means of the pointer strategy, was performed on 27 multigenerational pedigrees from desirade, a caribbean island where leprosy is highly prevalent. the results are consistent with the presence of a recessive or codominant major gene controlling susceptibility to leprosy per se and nonlepromatous leprosy, respectively. under the major-gene model, tests of homog ... | 1988 | 3341381 |
| comparison of synthetic antigens for detecting antibodies to phenolic glycolipid i in patients with leprosy and their household contacts. | three synthetic antigens related to the natural antigen phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i) were compared for their efficacy in detecting leprosy when used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for igm antibody to pgl-i. absorbance values for elisas using the three antigens correlated well (.79 less than r less than .99) and had a high rate of agreement (89.5% less than a less than 98.4%). of three subjects (household contacts of patients with leprosy) who later developed the dis ... | 1988 | 3346568 |
| a second sooty mangabey monkey with naturally acquired leprosy: first reported possible monkey-to-monkey transmission. | the existence of naturally acquired leprosy in a second sooty mangabey monkey has been documented. the disease has the clinical and histopathological characteristics of subpolar lepromatous leprosy (lls), and microbiological studies thus far confirm the etiologic agent as mycobacterium leprae. this mangabey had been housed in direct contact with the first mangabey in which naturally acquired leprosy was diagnosed in 1979. clinical symptoms appeared in the second mangabey in 1986, almost 7 years ... | 1988 | 3373087 |
| a possible mode of entry to the body of mycobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 3398684 | |
| lepromatous meningoencephalitis in the nine-banded armadillo (dasypus novemcinctus). | the brains from 10 nine-banded armadillos with lepromatous leprosy were studied histopathologically. all of them showed evidence of lepromatous meningitis. in two there was invasion by mycobacterium leprae into the brain tissue, with neuronal cells and glial cells containing intracellular bacilli. to our knowledge, this is the first report of meningoencephalitis in a lepromatous nine-banded armadillo. | 1988 | 3411167 |
| analysis of the antigenic profile of mycobacterium leprae: cross-reactive and unique specificities of human and rabbit antibodies. | thirty-two mycobacterial components were detected by antibodies contained in leprosy patients' sera across the clinical spectrum and rabbit anti-m. leprae hyperimmune sera by western blot analysis of armadillo-derived m. leprae antigen preparations. sera of borderline tuberculoid patients were found to contain antibodies recognizing 18 m. leprae components. while the reactivity of the sera on the lepromatous pole seemed to be distributed over the entire molecular weight range, most of the reacti ... | 1987 | 3321410 |
| [various aspects of leprosy control in the developing countries of southeastern asia]. | 1987 | 3321772 | |
| study of idiotypes expressed by monoclonal antibodies to the 35 kd and 12 kd antigens of mycobacterium leprae. | rabbit antisera were raised against four monoclonal antibodies (moab) binding with the 35 kd protein and four moab binding with the 12 kd protein antigen of mycobacterium leprae. antisera showed idiotype (id) specificity following cross-absorption with normal mouse globulin. one id on a single moab and another id shared between three moab were identified for each group. functional studies were carried out with the rb04 anti [anti-35 kd] specificity. the expression of this id and paratope in anti ... | 1987 | 3322615 |
| immunopurification of radiolabelled antigens of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis (bacillus calmette-guerin) with monoclonal antibodies. | radiolabelled sonicate of mycobacterium leprae when examined by sds-page and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) contained fewer antigens than the comparable sonicate from m. bovis (bacillus calmette-guerin) (bcg). a solid-phase immunopurification assay with anti-m. leprae monoclonal antibodies (moab) was used to characterize four of these antigens. three of the moab were m. leprae-specific and with them antigens with apparent molecular weights (mr) of 12,000 (12k), 18k, and 35k were isol ... | 1987 | 3306906 |
| suppression of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to tuberculin by m. leprae antigens in patients with lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy. | delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to tuberculin when injected alone or in mixture with antigens of m. leprae were examined in leprosy patients and in healthy controls. the tuberculin reaction was significantly inhibited in more than one half of both ll and bt patients by the soluble extract of m. leprae (leprosin), the leprosin derived 12 kd protein or leprosin depleted of the 12 kd antigen. however, suppression was not found in healthy controls from a leprosy endemic region. these results ... | 1987 | 3308210 |
| limiting dilution analysis of the human t cell response to mycobacterial antigens from bcg vaccinated individuals and leprosy patients. | the number of peripheral blood t lymphocytes responding to soluble mycobacterial antigens from mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative (ppd) and m. leprae (mls) was estimated by limiting dilution analysis. antigen-induced lymphocyte activation was measured by means of [3h]tdr incorporation on day 10 of culture in the presence of suboptimal concentrations of interleukin 2 (il-2). in the peripheral blood of bcg-vaccinated individuals from the uk, the frequency of t lymphocytes respo ... | 1987 | 3308217 |
| clinical applications of recent advances in immunology of leprosy. | 1987 | 3309081 | |
| vaccines in leprosy. | 1987 | 3309082 | |
| multi-drug therapy in leprosy. | 1987 | 3309084 | |
| metabolic studies on mycobacteria. iii. demonstration of key enzymes of tca cycle in m. leprae. | cell free extracts of armadillo derived m. leprae, m. phlei, m. smegmatis and normal armadillo liver were analysed for the two key enzymes of tca cycle. aconitase activity was assayed in the presence of inhibitor fluorocitrate and it was observed that cell free extracts from cultivable mycobacteria as well as aramadillo derived m. leprae had this enzyme activity and 66-82% of this activity was inhibited by 0.1 mm fluorocitrate. 74% of m. leprae derived enzyme activity was inhibited by fluorocitr ... | 1987 | 3309085 |
| metabolic studies on mycobacteria. v. a preliminary report on the atp synthesis by mycobacteria including m. leprae by using different substrates. | by deletion and addition of various substrates in sauton's and dubos media, an experimental system has been standardised in which the role of various nutrients in the energy synthesis of mycobacteria can be determined. by using this system with cultivable mycobacteria it was observed that glycerol and asparagine are the important ingredients for atp synthesis by mycobacteria. glucose further enhanced the atp synthesis and growth of these mycobacteria. in the media containing asparagine or glycer ... | 1987 | 3309086 |
| treatment of chronic erythema nodosum leprosum with cyclosporine a produces clinical and immunohistologic remission. | we have treated three leprosy patients suffering from chronic, steroid-dependent erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) with cyclosporine a (csa). excellent results were obtained in two patients. extra-cutaneous manifestations of the reactional state were completely suppressed, and the development of new skin lesions was sharply curtailed. immunohistologic abnormalities characteristic of active enl were corrected. lymphocyte subpopulations and anti-mycobacterial antibody levels in peripheral blood were ... | 1987 | 3309088 |
| primary visceral virchowian (lepromatous) hanseniasis. | a case of primary visceral virchowian hanseniasis is presented. the onset and symptoms of the disease made one think that it was a lymphoma because of the severe enlargement of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. biopsies of the liver, lymph nodes, and bone marrow revealed virchowian infiltration with acid-fast bacilli and globi. the skin was free of lesions and negative to bacilli, and there were no neural symptoms. | 1987 | 3309089 |
| an ultrastructural study of dermal nerves in early human leprosy. | skin biopsies from the cutaneous lesions of seven patients with indeterminate, bt, bl, and ll leprosy of less than 1 year's duration were examined by light and electron microscopy. inflammatory cells, which marked the location of mycobacterium leprae in bacilliferous cases (bl and ll) were most frequently and consistently found in relation to dermal blood vessels, neurovascular bundles, nerves, arrector pili muscles, and skin adnexa. the number of bacilli and inflammatory cells in the epineurium ... | 1987 | 3309090 |
| investigations into cultivation of m. leprae in a nasal mucus medium: a preliminary report. | 1987 | 3309092 | |
| schwann cells and m. leprae. | 1987 | 3309093 | |
| microbe dependence of mycobacterium leprae: a possible intracellular relationship with protozoa. | 1987 | 3309094 | |
| activity of rifampin in infections of normal mice with mycobacterium leprae. | 1987 | 3437168 | |
| introduction of foreign dna into mycobacteria using a shuttle phasmid. | mycobacteria are major pathogens of man and animals. there are approximately 10 million cases of tuberculosis world wide with an annual mortality of three million people. leprosy, caused by mycobacterium leprae, afflicts over ten million people, primarily in developing countries. m. tuberculosis and mycobacteria of the m. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (mais) group are major opportunistic pathogens of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). m. paratuberculosis is the cause o ... | 1987 | 3473289 |
| hla antigens and neural reversal reactions in ethiopian borderline tuberculoid leprosy patients. | reversal reactions (rr) or acute neuritis episodes are frequently observed in borderline tuberculoid (bt) leprosy patients during the first year of treatment, and are associated with a rapid increase in cell-mediated immunity. because hla-linked genes have been shown to be an important factor in determining the type of leprosy that develops in susceptible individuals and because hla molecules regulate cellular interactions in the immune system, we have investigated whether rr are associated with ... | 1987 | 3474306 |
| activity of ofloxacin and pefloxacin against mycobacterium leprae in mice. | 1987 | 3475035 | |
| phenolic glycolipid-i of mycobacterium leprae induces general suppression of in vitro concanavalin a responses unrelated to leprosy type. | using a costimulant assay, in vitro con a responses of patients across the leprosy spectrum were found to be markedly suppressed by phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i), a unique antigen of m. leprae. the degree of inducible suppression as well as the number of leprosy patients showing suppression of mitogenic responses was higher with pgl-i as compared with integral m. leprae (p less than 0.05 to less than 0.01). both untreated lepromatous (60%) as well as tuberculoid leprosy (67%) patients showed sig ... | 1987 | 3540178 |
| methods for the detection of a specific mycobacterium leprae antigen in the urine of leprosy patients. | two methods for detecting the phenolic glycolipid, pgl-1, a mycobacterium leprae-specific molecule, in the urine of leprosy patients are described. both methods rely on the 100-fold preconcentration of the urine, which can be accomplished by a single-step ultrafiltration procedure. the equivalent of approximately 2.5 micrograms of pgl-1/ml was detected in the urine of ll patients with an inhibition elisa. the second method, a direct dot-blot assay on nitrocellulose paper, was much simpler and mo ... | 1987 | 3544198 |
| intracellular fate of mycobacterium leprae in normal and activated mouse macrophages. | mycobacterium leprae replicates within mononuclear phagocytes, reaching enormous numbers in the macrophage-rich granulomas of lepromatous leprosy. to examine the capability of macrophages to digest m. leprae, we studied the intracellular fate of m. leprae organisms in normal and activated mouse macrophages by using the electron-dense secondary lysosome tracer thoria sol. intracellular m. leprae organisms, surrounded by a characteristic electron-transparent zone, were contained within phagosomal ... | 1987 | 3546136 |
| inhibition of the interaction of mycobacteria with schwann cells by antimycobacterial antibodies. | the effect of antimycobacterial serum on the uptake of mycobacterium w by 33b rat schwannoma cell line and rat peritoneal macrophages was studied. incubation of mycobacterium w with antimycobacterial serum caused a marked inhibition of its uptake by 33b cells but did not diminish its uptake by macrophages. these results suggest that the mechanism of the interaction of mycobacteria with schwann cells differs from that with macrophages. | 1987 | 3546373 |
| metabolism of mycobacterium leprae in macrophages. | the incorporation of 14c-labeled palmitic acid ( [u-14c]pa) into the phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) fraction of mycobacterium leprae was studied in a murine macrophage system in vitro. peritoneal macrophages from swiss webster mice were infected with fresh viable or formalin-killed m. leprae harvested from infected footpads of nu/nu mice, and [u-14c]pa was added to the culture medium. labeled glycolipid synthesized by live m. leprae was fractionated on a florisil-silicic acid column and identifie ... | 1987 | 3552993 |
| cellular and humoral immune response to a phenolic glycolipid antigen (phengl-i) in patients with leprosy. | the ability of phenolic glycolipid i (phengl-i) of mycobacterium leprae to stimulate in vitro lymphocyte proliferation (lp) was tested in cultures of peripheral blood cells from 42 patients with leprosy in chicago and thailand, 9 individuals with household contact in thailand, and 10 unexposed north american controls. only 10 responders (24%) were found among the patients, and the degree of lp was small. responders were found among patients with lepromatous (18%) or tuberculoid (30%) leprosy wit ... | 1987 | 3553227 |
| analysis of monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium leprae by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. | monoclonal antibodies to mycobacterium leprae were characterized in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and showed markedly different patterns of reactivity with m. leprae lines 2, 7 and 11 respectively. line 7 corresponds to a cell wall-associated macromolecular complex containing lipid, polysaccharide, and two distinct 36 k and 65 k proteins. | 1987 | 3547616 |
| genetic epidemiology of the susceptibility to leprosy. | to test the hypothesis that genetic factors are operative in the predisposition to leprosy (hansen's disease) in humans, a genetic epidemiologic investigation was performed on 269 leprosy kindreds containing 552 affected individuals from an isolated population in papua new guinea. the community, and not the family, was the basic social unit. leprosy, an infectious disease, was not communal but strongly familial within the karimui. segregation analysis, to determine whether a major gene for the s ... | 1987 | 3549780 |
| in vitro proliferation of lymphocytes from human volunteers vaccinated with armadillo-derived, killed m. leprae. | a killed, armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae vaccine was examined for its ability to induce cell-mediated responsiveness in purified protein derivative (ppd)-positive volunteers residing in a nonendemic country using the lymphocyte transformation test (ltt). a marked increase in the proliferative responses to a m. leprae-soluble antigen preparation was observed in the two groups which were vaccinated with the highest doses of the vaccine, i.e., 1.5 x 10(8) and 5 x 10(8) bacilli. this increas ... | 1987 | 3549938 |
| enhanced cell-mediated immune responses in erythema nodosum leprosum reactions of leprosy. | cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses were measured in 39 lepromatous, 44 erythema nodosum leprosum (enl), and 22 post-enl patients. the leukocyte migration inhibition test was used to measure cmi responses to mitogen phytohemagglutinin-p (pha), crossreacting antigen purified protein derivative (ppd) of tuberculin, and armadillo-derived whole and sonicate mycobacterium leprae. "early t" lymphocytes of the peripheral blood were also enumerated using the rosetting technique. significantly enhanced ... | 1987 | 3549939 |
| activities of pefloxacin and ciprofloxacin against mycobacterium leprae in the mouse. | because ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin are fluoroquinolones active against many mycobacterial species, both drugs were tested against mycobacterium leprae in the mouse foot-pad system. preliminary pharmacokinetic studies in the mouse showed that after a single oral dose of 150 mg/kg ciprofloxacin the peak serum concentration was 3.6 micrograms/ml, and after 50 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg pefloxacin peak serum concentrations were, respectively, 9.2 micrograms/ml and 16.9 micrograms/ml, the half-lives for se ... | 1987 | 3549940 |
| further studies of the killing of m. leprae by aminoglycosides: reduced dosage and frequency of administration. | the bactericidal activity of the aminoglycoside antibiotics streptomycin and kanamycin for mycobacterium leprae in mice was assessed, both alone and in combination with rifampin, utilizing various dosage schedules. as in previous studies, 100 mg/kg five times weekly of streptomycin and kanamycin resulted, respectively, in 96% +/- 2% and 89% +/- 6% bactericide. reducing the dosage of streptomycin to 50 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and even 12.5 mg/kg resulted in less but significant bactericidal activity. su ... | 1987 | 3549941 |
| events surrounding the recognition of mycobacterium leprae in nerves. | histological examination and immunocytochemistry of schwann cells, macrophages, and mycobacterial antigen were used to study 48 nerves of untreated patients with leprosy. none of the patients was in reaction clinically, but microreactions, involving small clusters of schwann cells and macrophages in all cases except ll, were marked by progressive degradation of acid-fast bacilli (afb). this was thought to be the response to the recognition of mycobacterial antigen. in the first phase, the disint ... | 1987 | 3549942 |
| localization and retention of mycobacterial antigen in lymph nodes of leprosy patients. | although leprosy, a chronic disease caused by m. leprae, primarily affects skin and peripheral nerves, pathological changes and granulomas have been observed in lymph nodes which are: (a) present in tuberculoid lymph nodes in the absence of acid-fact bacilli and (b) persistent in lepromatous patients even after prolonged treatment. we detected substantial amounts of mycobacterial antigen in 16 leprous lymph nodes using anti-bcg by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. the load and distribution ... | 1987 | 3318906 |
| adoptively transferred reactivity to m. leprae in nude mice infected with m. leprae. | reversal reactions are manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity to m. leprae and are thought to be usually accompanied by manifestations of effective cell-mediated immunity (cmi) as measured by bacterial clearing. these experiments were designed to study the induction of reversal reactions in m. leprae-infected, congenitally athymic nude mice using adoptive transfer of cmi. splenic cell suspensions derived from unimmunized heterozygous nu/+ mice, and those vaccinated with heat-killed m. leprae ... | 1987 | 3319298 |
| identification of specific and cross-reactive antigens of leishmania donovani chagasi by human infection sera. | cloned leishmania donovani chagasi (ldc) promastigotes were analyzed by sds-page separation and immunoblotting with human infection sera. the patterns of antigen reactivity were compared by using sera from individuals with ldc, leishmania mexicana amazonensis (lma), trypanosoma cruzi, mycobacterium tuberculosis, or mycobacterium leprae infections. sera from individuals with these infections recognized ldc antigens in several m.w. ranges. reactivity was due to recognition of ldc molecules and not ... | 1987 | 3543131 |
| experimental leprosy in a rhesus monkey: necropsy findings. | a 6-month-old male rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) was inoculated intravenously and intracutaneously with mycobacterium leprae obtained from a naturally infected mangabey monkey. the animal developed generalized lepromatous leprosy, and was killed for pathological examination 56 months after inoculation. lesions were observed in the skin, nasal mucosa, peripheral nerves, and peripheral lymph nodes, with relative sparing of viscera. the monkey was carefully evaluated for the retrovirus stlv-iii in ... | 1987 | 3559334 |
| interleukin 1 and prostaglandin production by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system isolated from mycobacterial granulomas. | a study has been made of the activity of interleukin 1 (il-1) and prostaglandins (pgs) in the culture supernatants from unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated mycobacteria-induced granuloma cells. both epithelioid cells from bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg)-induced granulomas and macrophages from mycobacterium leprae-induced granulomas, separated on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter using monoclonal antibody specific to guinea pig macrophages, spontaneously secreted low levels of ... | 1987 | 3492293 |
| immunologic unresponsiveness in leprosy is mediated by modulation of e-receptor. | by using an indirect immunofluorescence technique with okt3 and okt11 monoclonal antibodies, the percentage of cd2 positive cells was found to be reduced in the peripheral blood of bacterial index positive lepromatous leprosy patients; however, in these patients, cd3 positive cells were at the normal level. further cd2 positive cells attained the normal proportion in lepromatous patients when mycobacterial load was reduced. both cd2 and cd3 receptors were expressed at the normal level in tubercu ... | 1987 | 3499387 |
| serological studies of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in north indian population. | 1987 | 3130373 | |
| [resistance of mycobacterium leprae to dapsone and rifampicin: apropos of a survey carried out in the cape verde region (senegal)]. | since 1983, primary resistance of m. leprae to dds and rifampicin has been evaluated in new cases of lepromatous leprosy observed in the cap-verde region in senegal. out of the 13 strains isolated, 10 (77%) have been found resistant to dds, 7 at low level, 2 at intermediate level, 1 at high level; all of them have been found sensible to rifampicin. similar results have been obtained with 57 strains isolated from patients not yet treated coming from different geographical areas, seeing that 37, i ... | 1987 | 3306248 |
| environmental nonhuman sources of leprosy. | leprosy has been considered to occur only after exposure to a human case. however, evidence has been accumulating that this conventional view is wrong and that an environmental nonhuman source is critical to some human infections with mycobacterium leprae. observations, some of which date back to the nineteenth century, support soil, vegetation, water, arthropods, and armadillos (dasypus novemcinctus) as environmental sources of leprosy. disparate clinical, epidemiologic, and microbiologic evide ... | 1987 | 3299637 |
| leprosy: cause, transmission, and a new theory of pathogenesis. | leprosy is generally accepted as being caused by mycobacterium leprae, an acid-fast organism often present in great numbers in certain forms of leprosy. however, it has not been possible to confirm with scientifically acceptable evidence that this entity is the cause of leprosy; laboratory cultivation, an essential factor in the proof, has not been accomplished with the acid-fast bodies seen in leprotic tissue. the mechanisms of transmission of the disease also remain conjectural; prolonged, clo ... | 1987 | 3299638 |
| primary dapsone resistance in multibacillary leprosy among nepalese children. | 1987 | 3299724 | |
| rapid in vitro metabolic screen for antileprosy compounds. | measurement of intracellular atp of mycobacterium leprae after direct in vitro exposure to antimicrobial agents was evaluated as a rapid means of identifying potentially useful therapeutic agents. nude mouse-derived m. leprae was incubated in an axenic modified dubos medium in the presence or absence of antimicrobial agents for up to 3 weeks. atp was then assayed by using the firefly bioluminescence technique. rifampin, clofazimine, and ethionamide each effected a significantly accelerated rate ... | 1987 | 3300539 |
| chemical synthesis of the trisaccharide unit of the species-specific phenolic glycolipid from mycobacterium leprae. | o-(3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1----4)-o-(2,3-di-o-methyl- alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1----2)-3-o-methyl-l-rhamnopyranose, the haptenic trisaccharide of the mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid i (pgl-i) antigen, and related trisaccharides, were synthesized by allylation of o-2 of benzyl 4-o-benzyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside using phase-transfer catalysis, methylation of the product, deallylation, and coupling to o-(2,4-di-o-acetyl-3,6-di-o-methyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)-(1- ... | 1987 | 3300972 |
| transmission of leprosy. | 1987 | 3302059 | |
| seroepidemiological studies in subsided cases of multi and paucibacillary types of leprosy using fla-abs test. | fla-abs test was carried out in 145 subsided cases of multibacillary (bl/ll) and 197 subsided cases of paucibacillary (tt/bt/i) types. the period of subsidence varied from 0-5 years or more. it was observed that percentage positivity decreases with the subsidence of the disease. in multibacillary cases, fla-abs positivity was 95% (active cases), 50% (after 1 year of subsidence) and 36% (after 5 years of subsidence) whereas in paucibacillary types fla-abs positivity was 80% (active cases), 34% (a ... | 1987 | 3302060 |
| skin smear examination in relation to multidrug therapy campaigns. | 1987 | 3302062 | |
| bacterial index: ridley's vs. dharmendra's scale. | 1987 | 3302063 | |
| studies of reactivity of some sri lankan population groups to antigens of mycobacterium leprae. i. reactivity to lepromin a. | 1987 | 3302577 | |
| seroreactivity against the mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid i in mycobacteria infected or stimulated groups of individuals. | 1987 | 3302578 | |
| india carries out large-scale tests of anti-leprosy vaccine. | 1987 | 3302728 | |
| the relationship between reactivities to lepromin a (fernandez and mitsuda) and a soluble protein antigen of mycobacterium leprae. | three methods of evaluation were used to investigate the relationship between skin test reactions elicited by different antigens of mycobacterium leprae. the latter were the fernandez and mitsuda reactions to lepromin, and that to a soluble protein antigen (spa) of m. leprae. all three methods of evaluation demonstrated some degree of relationship though not as high as would be expected. the closest correlation was between mitsuda and spa reactions; while fernandez and mitsuda, and fernandez and ... | 1987 | 3304321 |