Publications

distinct mutations in plcr explain why some strains of the bacillus cereus group are nonhemolytic.	bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis are closely related species belonging to the bacillus cereus group. b. thuringiensis and b. cereus generally produce extracellular proteins, including phospholipases and hemolysins. transcription of the genes encoding these factors is controlled by the pleiotropic regulator plcr. disruption of plcr in b. cereus and b. thuringiensis drastically reduces the hemolytic, lecithinase, and cytotoxic properties of these organisms. b. anthra ...	2004	15150241
variation of the spore population of a natural source strain of bacillus cereus in the presence of inosine.	the heat resistance of a wild strain of bacillus cereus spores isolated from liquid egg was characterized, and the effect of the nutritional germinant inosine on the spore population was then studied, considering different factors such as germination temperature, inosine concentration, and age of spore culture. the heat resistance clearly indicates that these spores can survive mild heat treatments such as those used for cooked refrigerated food of extended durability or liquid egg, posing safet ...	2004	15151230
modeling the prevalence of bacillus cereus spores during the production of a cooked chilled vegetable product.	in minimally processed vegetable foods, pathogenic spore-forming bacteria pose a significant hazard. as part of a quantitative risk assessment, we used bayesian belief methods to model the uncertainty and variability of the number of bacillus cereus spores that can be found in packets of a vegetable puree. the model combines specific information from the manufacturer, experimental data on inactivation of spores, and expert opinion concerning spore concentrations in the raw vegetables and ingredi ...	2004	15151231
sensitization of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to jenseniin g by sublethal injury.	jenseniin g, a bacteriocin produced by propionibacterium thoenii p126, is active against related propionibacteria and some lactic acid bacteria and is sporostatic to botulinal spores. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sublethal stress on jenseniin g activity. bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, staphylococcus aureus, and yersinia enterocolitica were subjected to temperature, acid, an ...	2004	15151241
inactivation of pathogenic bacteria by cucumber volatiles (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal and (e)-2-nonenal.	the effects of (e,z)-2,6-nonadienal (nde) and (e)-2-nonenal (ne) on bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium were investigated. a suspension of each organism of 6 to 9 log cfu/ml was incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees c in brain heart infusion solution that contained 0 to 500 or 1,000 ppm of nde or ne. depending on concentration, exposure to either nde or ne caused a reduction in cfu of each organism. treatment with 250 and 500 ppm nde completely ...	2004	15151242
characterization of bacillus cereus isolates from raw soybean sprouts.	raw soybean sprouts, which are used as ingredients in cook-chilled products, were analyzed to evaluate the incidence of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms, psychrotrophic microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, coliforms, and spore-forming microorganisms bacillus cereus, clostridium botulinum, and clostridium perfringens. mesophilic microorganisms on raw soybean sprouts were present in large populations, 5.5 x 10(6) to 1.4 x 10(8) cfu/g, and psychrotrophic microorganisms were found to be more n ...	2004	15151246
novel oligosaccharide side chains of the collagen-like region of bcla, the major glycoprotein of the bacillus anthracis exosporium.	spores of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, are enclosed by a prominent loose fitting layer called the exosporium. the exosporium consists of a basal layer and an external hairlike nap. the filaments of the nap are composed of a highly immunogenic glycoprotein called bcla, which has a long, central collagen-like region with multiple xxg repeats. most of the triplet repeats are ptg, and nearly all of the triplet repeats contain a threonine residue, providing multiple potential s ...	2004	15152001
disassembly of f-actin cytoskeleton after interaction of bacillus cereus with fully differentiated human intestinal caco-2 cells.	in the present study, the role of direct procaryote-eucaryote interactions in the virulence of bacillus cereus was investigated. as a model of human enterocytes, differentiated caco-2 cells were used. infection of fully differentiated caco-2 cells with b. cereus in the exponential phase of growth, in order to minimize the concentration of spores or sporulating microorganisms, shows that a strain-dependent cytopathic effect develops. interestingly, addition of 3-h-old cultures of some strains res ...	2004	15155611
identification of anthrax toxin genes in a bacillus cereus associated with an illness resembling inhalation anthrax.	bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. it was thought to differ from bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pxo1 and pxo2, which encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly-gamma-d-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. this work describes a non-b. anthracis isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. although init ...	2004	15155910
purification of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria.	bacteriocins are antibacterial substances of a proteinaceous nature that are produced by different bacterial species. lactic acid bacteria (lab) produce biologically active peptides or protein complexes that display a bactericidal mode of action almost exclusively toward gram-positive bacteria and particularly toward closely related species. generally they are active against food spoilage and foodborne pathogenic microorganisms including bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus a ...	2004	15156043
investigation of the effectiveness of ascopyrone p as a food preservative.	ascopyrone p (app), a novel antibacterial from fungi, was evaluated as a food preservative. efficacy was generally assessed by comparing the time taken for test strains to grow to 10(6) cfu/g in food +/- app. in chilled chicken soup, 2000 mg kg-1 app prevented bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella and escherichia coli reaching this threshold for >60 days. good activity was also observed at 500-1000 mg kg-1 but not against l. monocytogenes. no activity was o ...	2004	15163588
cholesterol modulation of sphingomyelinase activity at physiological temperatures.	bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase activity was assayed on large unilamellar vesicles composed of sphingomyelin (sm)/cholesterol (ch) mixtures at varying proportions. natural (egg) sm was used with a gel-fluid transition temperature at ca. 40 degrees c. when the enzyme was assayed at 37 degrees c, the activity on pure sm was exceedingly low, but a small increase was observed as soon as some ch was added, and a large enhancement of activity occurred with ch proportions above 25 mol%. the data were ...	2004	15172829
inhibition of the growth of ascosphaera apis by bacillus and paenibacillus strains isolated from honey.	the fungus ascosphaera apis, the causative agent of chalkbrood disease in honeybee larvae, occurs throughout the world and is found in many beekeeping areas of argentina. the potential as biocontrol agents of 249 aerobic spore-forming bacterial antagonists isolated from honey samples was evaluated. each isolate was screened against a. apis by a central disk test assay. ten bacterial strains that showed the best antagonistic effect to a. apis were selected for further study and identified as baci ...	2004	15174751
cytoplasmic membrane polarization in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria grown in the absence and presence of tetracycline.	the ability of numerous diverse compounds and ions to cross the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane by diffusion and active transport is highly dependent on cytoplasmic membrane fluidity, which can be measured using fluorescent probes to estimate membrane polarization values. however, membrane polarization data are lacking for most bacterial species. the cytoplasmic membrane polarization values for arthrobacter sp. atcc 21908, bacillus cereus nrc 3045, pseudomonas fluorescens r2f, pseudomonas putida ...	2004	15182931
isolation, characterization, and identification of bacterial contaminants in semifinal gelatin extracts.	bacterial contamination of gelatin is of great concern. indeed, this animal colloid has many industrial applications, mainly in food and pharmaceutical products. in a previous study (e. de clerck and p. de vos, syst. appl. microbiol. 25:611-618), contamination of a gelatin production process with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated. in this study, bacterial contamination of semifinal gelatin extracts from several production plants was examined. since these extr ...	2004	15184171
survival of bacillus cereus spores and vegetative cells in acid media simulating human stomach.	to determine the fate of bacillus cereus spores or vegetative cells in simulated gastric medium. methods and	2004	15186458
insulator-based dielectrophoresis for the selective concentration and separation of live bacteria in water.	insulator-based dielectrophoresis (idep) was utilized to separate and concentrate selectively mixtures of two species of live bacteria simultaneously. four species of bacteria were studied: the gram-negative escherichia coli and the gram-positive bacillus subtilis, b. cereus, and b. megaterium. under an applied direct current (dc) electric field all the bacterial species exhibited negative dielectrophoretic behavior. the dielectrophoretic separations were carried out in a glass microchannel cont ...	2004	15188259
antimicrobial activities of eucalyptus leaf extracts and flavonoids from eucalyptus maculata.	we investigated the antimicrobial activities of eucalyptus leaf extracts to find effective antibacterial agents.	2004	15189289
design of a 5' exonuclease-based real-time pcr assay for simultaneous detection of bacillus licheniformis, members of the 'b. cereus group' and b. fumarioli in gelatine.	the design of a fast, sensitive and specific detection method for bacillus licheniformis, members of the 'b. cereus group' and b. fumarioli in gelatine.	2004	15189297
sperm bioassay for rapid detection of cereulide-producing bacillus cereus in food and related environments.	a novel in vitro method, sperm micro assay for rapidly distinguishing cereulide, the emetic toxin producing bacillus cereus from non-producers is described and its use for quantitating cereulide and screening large numbers of b. cereus strains/colonies evaluated. the assay is non-laborious and can be executed with equipment present in most laboratories. boar spermatozoa, purchased as standard semen from artificial insemination suppliers, are used to detect toxicity. boar sperms respond within 5 ...	2004	15193804
influence of the cell wall on ciprofloxacin susceptibility in selected wild-type gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.	the susceptibility of several wild-type bacteria to ciprofloxacin and accumulation of the drug in these bacteria were evaluated. species studied included escherichia coli, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus. ciprofloxacin susceptibility was measured for each strain using two different methods: the minimal inhibitory concentration and the bactericidal index. significant differences were observed between the results derived fro ...	2004	15194135
[biosorption of pb2+ by bacillus cereus biomass].	in this paper, the potentiometric titration and the sorption experiments were applied to investigate the biosorption behavior of pb2+ on bacillus cereus biomass. it was shown that the biosorption capacities increased with increasing ph from 3 to 7, and the higher concentration of the biomass in solution was favorable to the sorption of pb2+. langmuir model simulated the adsorption data of pb2+ ion very well, and the saturated sorption capacity for pb2+ ion achieved 36.7 mg.g-1 dry biomass. accor ...	2004	15202257
validation of a microbiological method: the star protocol, a five-plate test, for the screening of antibiotic residues in milk.	the results of an in-house laboratory validation of a microbiological method for the screening of antibiotic residues in milk are presented. the sensitivity of this five-plate test, called screening test for antibiotic residues (star), was established by the analysis of milk samples spiked with 66 antibiotics at eight different concentrations. ten different groups of antibiotics were studied: macrolides, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, penicillins, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, linc ...	2004	15204543
identification of sigmab-dependent genes in bacillus cereus by proteome and in vitro transcription analysis.	the alternative sigma factor sigmab of the food pathogen bacillus cereus is activated upon stress exposure and plays a role in the adaptive response of vegetative cells. this study describes the identification of sigmab-dependent genes in b. cereus. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was performed with protein extracts from a sigmab-overproducing b. cereus strain. nine protein spots, which were absent from the negative control, were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time ...	2004	15205411
anaerobiosis and low specific growth rates enhance hemolysin bl production by bacillus cereus f4430/73.	bacillus cereus f4430/73 produced the highest levels of hemolysin bl (hbl) when grown under anaerobiosis in mod medium. anaerobic cells grown in a chemostat at low specific growth rate (0.1-0.2 h(-1)) expressed up to sevenfold more hbl than did cells held at a faster growth rate. at 0.2 h(-1), the presence of 90 mm glucose resulted in inhibition of hbl production. glucose was found to repress hbl induction at the mrna level, indicating the potential involvement of catabolite repression in the re ...	2004	15205890
bacteriocin-like substance production by bacillus licheniformis strain p40.	to investigate the production of bacteriocin-like compounds by bacillus spp. isolated from the amazon basin.	2004	15214721
pcr detection of bacillus and staphylococcus in various foods.	a broad-range pcr assay for the detection of bacteria belonging to bacillus and staphylococcus genera was developed. primers targeting the bacterial 16s rrna gene were newly designed and used in a pcr assay. to determine the specificity of the assay, 81 different bacterial strains (of 50 genera), 2 fungi, 3 animals, and 4 plants were tested. results were positive for every tested bacillus, staphylococcus, or aerococcus strain. in addition, the result for listeria grayi was positive with lower pc ...	2004	15222564
thermosiphon-based pcr reactor: experiment and modeling.	a self-actuated, flow-cycling polymerase chain reaction (pcr) reactor that takes advantage of buoyancy forces to continuously circulate reagents in a closed loop through various thermal zones has been constructed, tested, and modeled. the heating required for the pcr is advantageously used to induce fluid motion without the need for a pump. flow velocities on the order of millimeters per second are readily attainable. in our preliminary prototype, we measured a cross-sectionally averaged velocit ...	2004	15228345
is231-mic231 elements from bacillus cereus sensu lato are modular.	summary is231a was originally discovered in bacillus thuringiensis as a typical 1.6 kb insertion sequence (is) displaying 20 bp inverted repeats (ir) flanking a transposase gene. a first major variation of this canonical organization was found in mic231a1. this mobile insertion cassette (mic), delineated by is231a-related extremities, contained an active d-stereospecific endopeptidase (adp) gene instead of a transposase. interestingly, it was shown that mic231a1 can be mobilized in trans by the ...	2004	15228527
an effective iodide formulation for killing bacillus and geobacillus spores over a wide temperature range.	to develop a sporicidal reagent which shows potent activity against bacterial spores not only at ambient temperatures but also at low temperatures.	2004	15239708
the antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichen cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents.	the antimicrobial activity of the chloroform, diethyl ether, acetone, petroleum ether, and ethanol extracts of the lichen cladonia foliacea and its (-)-usnic acid, atranorin, and fumarprotocetraric acid constituents against 9 bacteria and fungi has been investigated. the extracts and pure compounds alone were found active against the same bacteria and the same yeasts. bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, proteus vulgaris, listeria monocytogenes, aero ...	2004	15241936
bacteriology of a bear bite wound to a human: case report.	human contact with bears has become more frequent, as has the resultant bear maulings and bite injuries. we report the bacteriology of a patient bitten by a grizzly bear (ursus arctos) from the rocky mountains foothills area east of banff national park, alberta, canada. the patient received field care, including metronidazole and cefazolin. subsequent deep-wound cultures grew serratia fonticola, serratia marcescens, aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, and enterococcus durans but no anaerobes.	2004	15243122
multiple brain abscesses in an extremely preterm infant: treatment surveillance with interleukin-6 in the csf.		2004	14586650
structural and enzymatic analysis of soybean beta-amylase mutants with increased ph optimum.	comparison of the architecture around the active site of soybean beta-amylase and bacillus cereus beta-amylase showed that the hydrogen bond networks (glu380-(lys295-met51) and glu380-asn340-glu178) in soybean beta-amylase around the base catalytic residue, glu380, seem to contribute to the lower ph optimum of soybean beta-amylase. to convert the ph optimum of soybean beta-amylase (ph 5.4) to that of the bacterial type enzyme (ph 6.7), three mutants of soybean beta-amylase, m51t, e178y, and n340 ...	2004	14638688
development of a rapid method for direct detection of tet(m) genes in soil from danish farmland.	a method for direct detection of antibiotic resistance genes in soil samples has been developed. the tetracycline resistance gene, tet(m), was used as a model. the method was validated on danish farmland soil that had repeatedly been treated with pig manure slurry containing resistant bacteria. the tet(m) gene was directly detected in 10-80% of the samples from the various farmland soils and could be detected in all samples tested after selective enrichment. to validate the obtained results, the ...	2004	14664871
camelysin is a novel surface metalloproteinase from bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus frequently causes food poisoning or nosocomial diseases. vegetative cells express the novel surface metalloproteinase camelysin (casein-cleaving metalloproteinase) during exponential growth on complex, peptide-rich media. camelysin is strongly bound to the cell surface and can be solubilized only by detergents or butanol. camelysin spontaneously migrates from the surface of intact bacterial cells to preformed liposomes. the complete sequence of the camelysin-encoding gene, caly, ...	2004	14688099
genotyping of starter cultures of bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus for fermentation of african locust bean (parkia biglobosa) to produce soumbala.	bacillus spp. are the predominant microorganisms in fermented african locust bean called soumbala in burkina faso. ten strains selected as potential starter cultures were characterised by pcr amplification of the16s-23s rdna intergenic transcribed spacer (its-pcr), restriction fragment length polymorphism of the its-pcr (its-pcr rflp), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and sequencing of the 968-1401 region of the 16s rdna. in previous studies, the isolates were identified by phenotyping as ...	2004	14698101
the alternative sigma factor sigmab of bacillus cereus: response to stress and role in heat adaptation.	a gene cluster encoding the alternative sigma factor sigma(b), three predicted regulators of sigma(b) (rsbv, rsbw, and rsby), and one protein whose function is not known (orf4) was identified in the genome sequence of the food pathogen bacillus cereus atcc 14579. western blotting with polyclonal antibodies raised against sigma(b) revealed that there was 20.1-fold activation of sigma(b) after a heat shock from 30 to 42 degrees c. osmotic upshock and ethanol exposure also upregulated sigma(b), alb ...	2004	14702299
detection of the bacillus anthracis gyra gene by using a minor groove binder probe.	identification of chromosomal markers for rapid detection of bacillus anthracis is difficult because significant chromosomal homology exists among b. anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis. we evaluated the bacterial gyra gene as a potential chromosomal marker for b. anthracis. a real-time pcr assay was developed for the detection of b. anthracis. after analysis of the unique nucleotide sequence of the b. anthracis gyra gene, a fluorescent 3' minor groove binding probe was tested ...	2004	14715750
making sense of an alphabet soup: the use of a new bioinformatics tool for identification of novel gene islands. focus on "identification of genomic islands in the genome of bacillus cereus by comparative analysis with bacillus anthracis".		2004	14726601
purification and functional characterization of insecticidal sphingomyelinase c produced by bacillus cereus.	bacillus cereus isolated from the larvae of myrmeleon bore was found to secrete proteins that paralyze and kill german cockroaches, blattela germanica, when injected. one of these active proteins was purified from the culture broth of b. cereus using anion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. the purified toxin, with a molecular mass of 34 kda, was identified as sphingomyelinase c (ec 3.1.4.12) on the basis of its n-terminal and internal amino-acid sequences. a recombinant sphingomyelinas ...	2004	14728687
phytoestrogen genistein as an anti-staphylococcal agent.	the soybean-derived isoflavone genistein has been shown to exert beneficial effects on many disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. the effects of genistein on mammalian cells are mediated by its abilities to inhibit topoisomerase ii and protein tyrosine kinase. in order to examine the potential antibacterial activities of genistein, we incubated the bacteria with various concentrations of this compound for different periods of time and assessed the viable counts. exposure to ge ...	2004	14738897
low molecular weight chitosans: preparation with the aid of papain and characterization.	low molecular weight chitosans (lmwc) of different molecular weight (4.1-5.6 kda) were obtained by the depolymerization of chitosan using papain (from carica papaya latex, ec. 3.4.22.2) at optimum conditions of ph 3.5 and 37 degrees c for 1-5 h. scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed approximately 15-fold decrease in the particle size after depolymerization. decrease in the molecular weight was associated with decrease in the degree of acetylation (da) as evidenced by circular dichroism (cd), ...	2004	14738997
substrate binding to mononuclear metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus.	structure and dynamics of substrate binding (cefotaxime) to the catalytic pocket of the mononuclear zinc-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. the calculations, which are based on the hydrogen-bond pattern recently proposed by dal peraro et al. (j biol inorg chem 2002; 7:704-712), are carried out for both the free and the complexed enzyme. in the resting state, active site pattern and temperature b-factors are in agreement with crystallographic d ...	2004	14747990
reagentless identification of single bacterial spores in aqueous solution by confocal laser tweezers raman spectroscopy.	we demonstrate that optical trapping combined with confocal raman spectroscopy using a single laser source is a powerful tool for the rapid identification of micrometer-sized particles in an aqueous environment. optical trapping immobilizes the particle while maintaining it in the center of the laser beam path and within the laser focus, thus maximizing the collection of its raman signals. the single particle is completely isolated from other particles and substrate surfaces, therefore eliminati ...	2004	14750852
evaluation and establishing the performance of different screening tests for tetracycline residues in animal tissues.	four methods intended for screening muscle tissue for residues belonging to the tetracycline group were compared using artificially contaminated as well as incurred samples. two agar diffusion methods were studied: one with bacillus subtilis as a test strain, the second with bacillus cereus. two variants of each method were compared: thin plates for analysis of intact or minced meat, and thick plates for analysis of meat fluid. the thin plate variants could not be evaluated with artificially con ...	2004	14754636
x-ray crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis analysis of the mechanism of schiff-base formation in phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase catalysis.	phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase (phosphonatase) catalyzes the hydrolytic p-c bond cleavage of phosphonoacetaldehyde (pald) to form orthophosphate and acetaldehyde. the reaction proceeds via a schiff-base intermediate formed between lys-53 and the pald carbonyl. the x-ray crystal structures of the wild-type phosphonatase complexed with mg(ii) alone or with mg(ii) plus vinylsulfonate (a phosphonoethylenamine analog) were determined to 2.8 and 2.4 a, respectively. these structures were used to dete ...	2004	14670958
genetics of zwittermicin a production by bacillus cereus.	zwittermicin a represents a new chemical class of antibiotic and has diverse biological activities, including suppression of oomycete diseases of plants and potentiation of the insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis. to identify genes involved in zwittermicin a production, we generated 4,800 transposon mutants of b. cereus uw101c and screened them for zwittermicin a accumulation. nine mutants did not produce detectable zwittermicin a, and one mutant produced eightfold more than the pare ...	2004	14711631
multilocus sequence typing scheme for bacteria of the bacillus cereus group.	in this study we developed a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for bacteria of the bacillus cereus group. this group, which includes the species b. cereus, b. thuringiensis, b. weihenstephanensis, and b. anthracis, is known to be genetically very diverse. it is also very important because it comprises pathogenic organisms as well as bacteria with industrial applications. the mlst system was established by using 77 strains having various origins, including humans, animals, food, and soil. ...	2004	14711642
fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis isolates.	dna from over 300 bacillus thuringiensis, bacillus cereus, and bacillus anthracis isolates was analyzed by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp). b. thuringiensis and b. cereus isolates were from diverse sources and locations, including soil, clinical isolates and food products causing diarrheal and emetic outbreaks, and type strains from the american type culture collection, and over 200 b. thuringiensis isolates representing 36 serovars or subspecies were from the u.s. depa ...	2004	14766590
development and validation of experimental protocols for use of cardinal models for prediction of microorganism growth in food products.	an experimental protocol to validate secondary-model application to foods was suggested. escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and salmonella were observed in various food categories, such as meat, dairy, egg, or seafood products. the secondary model validated in this study was based on the gamma concept, in which the environmental factors temperature, ph, and water activity (aw) were introduced as individual terms with microbe-dependent parameters, ...	2004	14766591
rpob gene sequence-based identification of aerobic gram-positive cocci of the genera streptococcus, enterococcus, gemella, abiotrophia, and granulicatella.	we developed a new molecular tool based on rpob gene (encoding the beta subunit of rna polymerase) sequencing to identify streptococci. we first sequenced the complete rpob gene for streptococcus anginosus, s. equinus, and abiotrophia defectiva. sequences were aligned with these of s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, and s. pneumoniae available in genbank. using an in-house analysis program (svarap), we identified a 740-bp variable region surrounded by conserved, 20-bp zones and, by using these conserve ...	2004	14766807
identification of proteins in the exosporium of bacillus anthracis.	spores of bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, possess an exosporium. as the outer surface layer of these mature spores, the exosporium represents the primary contact surface between the spore and environment/host and is a site of spore antigens. the exosporium was isolated from the endospores of the b. anthracis wild-type ames strain, from a derivative of the ames strain cured of plasmid pxo2(-), and from a previously isolated pxo1(-), pxo2(-) doubly cured strain, b. anthracis um ...	2004	14766913
conjugative transfer, stability and expression of a plasmid encoding a cry1ac gene in bacillus cereus group strains.	the plasmid pht73 containing cry1ac and tagged with an erythromycin resistance gene was transferred from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki kt0 to several bacillus cereus group strains by conjugation. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and phase contrast microscopy showed that the transconjugants containing plasmid pht73 could express cry1ac toxin and produce bipyramidal crystalline inclusion bodies during sporulation. the study demonstrated that pht73 c ...	2004	14769465
genetic diversity among bacillus anthracis, bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis strains using repetitive element polymorphism-pcr.	repetitive element polymorphism-pcr (rep-pcr) is one of the tools that has been used to elucidate genetic diversity of related microorganisms. using the mb1 primer, rep-pcr fingerprints from 110 bacillus strains within the "b. cereus group" have identified eighteen distinct categories, while other more distantly related bacterial species fell within six additional categories. all bacillus anthracis strains tested were found to be monomorphic by fluorophore-enhanced rep-pcr (ferp) fingerprinting ...	2004	15790070
characteristics of bacterial strains inhabiting the wood of coniferous trees.	the presented studies embraced samples of wood chips from coniferous trees which contained layers of duramen, alburnum and bark. microbiological analysis involved qualitative and quantitative determination of bacterial flora inhabiting the studied wood material. the wood chips were found to contain primarily species belonging to the genera bacillus and pseudomonas. the presence of the potentially pathogenic species bacillus cereus 1, sphingomonas paucimobilis, aeromonas salmonicida and chryseomo ...	2004	15790079
antagonistic effects of several bacteria on fusarium oxysporum, the causal agent of root and crown rot of onion under field conditions.	onion (allium cepa) is one of the most important vegetable crop which is commonly used as a food supplement. this plant is found to be vulnerable to various pathogenic infections during its growth development. among different onion diseases, root and crown rot,caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cepa, s considered an importantfungal disease. in this study, the inhibitory effect of bacillus cereus (isolates 22 and 52), b. subtilis (isolate 126), pseudomonas fluorescens (isolates 48 and chao), beno ...	2004	15756854
antibacterial activity of an eudesmane sesquiterpene isolated from common varthemia, varthemia iphionoides.	the ethyl acetate extract of the whole aerial parts of varthemia iphionoides (compositae) showed a pronounced antibacterial activity. the bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract and further purification of the most antibacterially active fraction led to the isolation and identification of an antibacterial sesquiterpene, selina-4,11(13)-dien-3-on-12-oic acid. this compound exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against six bacterial species (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus sub ...	2004	15707759
pollution status of swimming pools in south-south zone of south-eastern nigeria using microbiological and physicochemical indices.	microbiological and physicochemical characteristics of swimming pools in south eastern states of nigeria (akwa ibom and cross river) were investigated. the bacterial isolates included enterococcus faecalis, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus and escherichia coli. others were pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, proteus vulgaris and staphylococcus epidermidis, while fungal isolates were penicillium sp, rhizopus sp, aspergillus versicolor fusarium sp, trichophyton mentagrophytes, m ...	2004	15691161
synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4-benzoyl-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1h-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and derivatives.	some new 1h-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid and pyridazinone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial activities against bacillus cereus atcc 7064, staphylococcus aureus atcc 6538, escherichia coli atcc 4230 and pseudomonas putida using tube dilution method. the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) experiments revealed that all chemical compounds showed inhibitor effects on the growth of the test microorganisms. moreover, the results of this research showed that the comp ...	2004	15652364
characterization and antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin 217 produced by natural isolate lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei bgbuk2-16.	the strain lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei bgbuk2-16. which was isolated from traditionally homemade white-pickled cheese, produces bacteriocin 217 (bac217; approximately 7 kda). the onset of bac217 biosynthesis was observed in the logarithmic phase of growth, and the production plateau was reached after 9 or 12 h of incubation at 37 and 30 degrees c, respectively, when culture entered the early stationary phase. biochemical characterization showed that bac217 retained antimicrobial act ...	2004	15633678
incidence and characterization of bacillus cereus isolated from traditional fermented meals in nigeria.	the aim of this study was to examine the presence of bacillus cereus in fermented meals used in food seasoning in nigeria. the microbial profiles of iru and ogiri, two nigerian fermented vegetable proteins, were examined for presence of b. cereus. in the 50 samples tested, b. cereus was detected in all the samples, with the level of detection ranging from log 6.3 to log 8.3 g(-1) sample. phenotypic characteristics of the b. cereus isolates showed that all of them could not ferment many sugars, m ...	2004	15633691
high-level expression of recombinant phospholipase c from bacillus cereus in pichia pastoris and its characterization.	the phospholipase c (plc) gene from bacillus cereus was cloned into the ppiczc vector and integrated into the genome of pichia pastoris. the phospholipase c (plc) when expressed in p. pastoris was fused to the alpha-factor secretion signal peptide of saccharomyces cerevisiae and secreted into a culture medium. recombinant p. pastoris x-33 had a clear plc band at 28.5 kda and produced an extracellular plc with an activity of 678 u mg(-1) protein which was more than a recombinant p. pastoris gs115 ...	2004	15604782
enzymatic properties of the membrane-bound nadh oxidase system in the aerobic respiratory chain of bacillus cereus.	membranes prepared from bacillus cereus kctc 3674, grown aerobically on a complex medium, oxidized nadh exclusively, whereas deamino-nadh was little oxidized. the respiratory chain-linked nadh oxidase exhibited an apparent k(m) value of approximately 65 microm for nadh. the maximum activity of the nadh oxidase was obtained at about ph 8.5 in the presence of 0.1 m kcl (or nacl). respiratory chain inhibitor 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide (hqno) inhibited the activity of the nadh oxidase by ab ...	2004	15607037
essential oils of satureja, origanum, and thymus species: chemical composition and antibacterial activities against foodborne pathogens.	the chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from the species restricted to greece and the eastern mediterranean region, satureja spinosa l. and thymus longicaulis l.; species endemic to central and south greece, satureja parnassica ssp. parnassica heldr. and sart ex boiss.; species endemic to the island of crete, origanum dictamnus l.; and species widely distributed in the mediterranean region, satureja thymbra l. and origanum vulgare l. subsp. hirtum, were determined by gas chromato ...	2004	15612827
failure of intravitreal dexamethasone to diminish inflammation or retinal toxicity in an experimental model of bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.	to determine whether the usual clinical dose of intravitreal dexamethasone can attenuate intraocular inflammation and retinal necrosis in a rabbit model of fulminant bacillus cereus endophthalmitis induced by crude exotoxins.	2004	15590470
synthesis and study of antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel 2-[[(benzoxazole/benzimidazole-2-yl)sulfanyl] acetylamino]thiazoles.	several 2-[[(benzoxazole/benzimidazole-2-yl)sulfanyl]acetylamino]thiazoles derivatives were synthesized by reacting 4-substituted-2-(chloroacetylamino)thiazoles with benzoxazole/benzimidazole-2-thioles in acetone and in the presence of k2co3. the chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated by ir, 1h-nmr, and fab(+)-ms spectral data. their antimicrobial activities against micrococcus luteus (nrll b-4375), bacillus cereus (nrrl b-3711), proteus vulgaris (nrrl b-123), salmonella typhimuriu ...	2004	15595406
inorganic polyphosphate in bacillus cereus: motility, biofilm formation, and sporulation.	chains of inorganic polyphosphate (poly-p) with hundreds of p(i) residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, as in atp, are found in every bacterial, fungal, plant, and animal cell, in which they perform various functions. in the spore-forming bacillus cereus, we have identified three principal enzymes and genes involved in the metabolism of poly-p, namely, (i) poly-p kinase (ppk), which synthesizes poly-p reversibly from atp, (ii) exopolyphosphatase (ppx), which hydrolyzes poly-p to p(i), and (i ...	2004	15572452
glycoconjugates for the recognition of bacillus spores.	carbohydrates act as ligands in many biological processes, including the folding and secretion of proteins, cell-cell recognition, adhesion, and sporulation in the bacillus genus. fluorescent-labeled disaccharide glycoconjugates have been applied to evaluate binding to bacterial spores assuming that the spore surface is covered with carbohydrates. this study has shown that specific recognition of bacterial spores is based on interactions between disaccharide glycoconjugates acting as ligands and ...	2004	15582612
characterization of the bacillus cereus nhe enterotoxin.	the non-haemolytic enterotoxin (nhe) is one of two three-component enterotoxins responsible for the diarrhoeal food-poisoning syndrome caused by bacillus cereus. nhe is composed of nhea, nheb and nhec. the three genes encoding the nhe components constitute an operon, and the transcriptional start site is located 61 bp upstream of the nhea translational start site. the nhe genes were cloned separately, and expressed in either bacillus subtilis or escherichia coli. separate expression showed that ...	2004	15583149
real-time pcr assay for a unique chromosomal sequence of bacillus anthracis.	real-time pcr has become an important method for the rapid identification of bacillus anthracis since the 2001 anthrax mailings. most real-time pcr assays for b. anthracis have been developed to detect virulence genes located on the pxo1 and pxo2 plasmids. in contrast, only two published chromosomal targets exist, the rpob gene and the gyra gene. in the present study, subtraction-hybridization with a plasmid-cured b. anthracis tester strain and a bacillus cereus driver was used to find a unique ...	2004	15583318
enhanced specificity of bacterial spore identification by oxidation and mass spectrometry.	addition of an oxidizing agent (e.g., hydrogen peroxide) to intact spores selectively and completely oxidizes met-containing biomarker proteins by formation of met sulfoxides. this reaction increases the masses of the biomarker proteins observed in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (maldi-ms) of bacillus spores by deltam = (16 x n) da, where n is the number of met residues in the sequence of each individual protein. the procedure is very rapid, and can be performed in ...	2004	15490431
molecular characterisation of bacterial contamination in semi-final gelatine extracts, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.	contamination of gelatine may affect the safety and/or quality of its applications. characterisation of bacterial isolates from semi-final gelatine batches revealed thermotolerant, aerobic, endosporeforming contaminants. in this paper, bacterial contamination in gelatine batches is analysed without previous isolation, by means of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of pcr-amplified 16s rdna sequences. v9 and v6-v8 regions of the 16s rdna gene were found more suitable for this purpose ...	2004	15490563
[microbiological quality of minimally processed vegetable salads].	the microbiological condition of minimally processed vegetable salads (7-days durability) purchased in the retail network of szczecin has been assessed. the study included 14 kinds of salads manufactured by two producers. the total count of mesophilic aerobic bacteria and their spores, aid-forming bacteria (lactobacilli), titre of coliforms, occurrence of pathogenic bacteria and counts of moulds and yeast were determined. no pathogenic bacteria (salmonella, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus ...	2004	15493346
food safety: emerging trends in foodborne illness surveillance and prevention.	between 250 and 350 million americans are estimated to suffer acute gastroenteritis annually, with 25% to 30% thought to be caused by foodborne illnesses. most vulnerable to foodborne diseases are elderly people, pregnant women, immune-compromised people, and children. while bacterial causes such as salmonella are widely recognized and monitored as foodborne infections, other important bacterial causes such as clostridium perfringens , bacillus cereus , and staphylococcus aureus are less well kn ...	2004	15499359
screening of antimicrobial activity of diarylamines in the 2,3,5-trimethylbenzo[b]thiophene series: a structure-activity evaluation study.	gram positive (bacillus cereus, b. subtilis), gram negative (pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli) bacteria, and candida albicans as a representative of fungi were used for screening the in vitro antimicrobial activity of diarylamines in the 2,3,5-trimethylbenzo[b]thiophene series bearing different substituents, synthesized by us using the palladium-catalyzed c-n coupling methodology. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and structure-activity relationships (sars) were evaluated.	2004	15501050
phenolic compounds from baseonema acuminatum leaves: isolation and antimicrobial activity.	three new phenolic compounds, 1-galloyl-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (1), 2-methoxy-5-(1 '2 3'-trihydroxypropyl)-phenyl- 1-0-(6"-galloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (2),and 2-methoxy-5-hydroxymethyl-phenyl-1-o-(6"-galloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (3), together with the known compounds benzyl 6'-o-galloyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), 1,6-di-o-galloyl-beta-d-glucopyranose (5), myrciaphenone b (6), kaempferol 3-0-(6"-galloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside (7), quercetin 3-0-(6"-galloyl ...	2004	15503354
boiling and bacillus spores.		2004	15515252
effect of culture conditions on the achievable taxonomic resolution of raman spectroscopy disclosed by three bacillus species.	confocal micro-raman spectroscopy requires a minimum of sample handling and no reagents and allows fast identification of microorganisms. since it reflects the overall molecular composition of the cells, it provides much more information than classical, microbial analyses. however, since the molecular makeup of a cell depends on culture conditions, it can be argued that this will affect the reproducibility and discrimination ability of raman spectroscopy. we used bacillus cereus, bacillus pumilu ...	2004	15516118
the bcr1 dna repeat element is specific to the bacillus cereus group and exhibits mobile element characteristics.	bacillus cereus strains atcc 10987 and atcc 14579 harbor an approximately 155-bp repeated element, bcr1, which is conserved in b. cereus, b. anthracis, b. thuringiensis, and b. mycoides but not in b. subtilis and b. licheniformis. in this study, we show by southern blot hybridizations that bcr1 is present in all 54 b. cereus group strains tested but absent in 11 bacillus strains outside the group, suggesting that bcr1 may be specific and ubiquitous to the b. cereus group. by comparative analysis ...	2004	15516586
chromogenic assay for the activity of sphingomyelinase from bacillus cereus and its application to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lysophospholipids.	we developed a convenient chromogenic assay method for the activity of sphingomyelinase (smase) from bacillus cereus. smase reaction was quenched by zn(2+), and the released phosphocholine was converted into a choline by the action of alkaline phosphatase. after that, the choline was converted into a chromogenic dye by the actions of choline oxidase and peroxidase in the presence of edta to trap the added zn(2+) which could interfere with the choline oxidase/peroxidase reactions. triton x-100 al ...	2004	15516713
chemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils from endemic psiadia species growing in mauritius.	the composition of the leaf oils, obtained by hydrodistillation, of five endemic psiadia species of the asteraceae family were studied by gc/ms on both polar and non-polar columns. the analysis showed that the volatile components of the oils were made up essentially of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aliphatics and other shikimic acid derivatives. with respect to the non-volatile components, great variations were observed: p. lithospermifolia contained (e)-isoasarone (51.5%); p. penninervia: eugen ...	2004	15516729
oligonucleotide microarray for identification of bacillus anthracis based on intergenic transcribed spacers in ribosomal dna.	we developed a dna microarray for identification of bacillus anthracis and other phylogenetic groupings within the "bacillus cereus group". nucleotide sequences of 16s-23s ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacers containing genes for trna(ile) from 52 b. anthracis strains were found to be identical to sequences from seven strains published previously and different from all other bacteria. when 42 oligonucleotide probes targeting polymorphic sites were immobilized on glass slides and hybridized ...	2004	15522510
a practical synthesis of gramicidin s and sugar amino acid containing analogues.	a practical gram-scale and high-yielding synthesis of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin s is presented. an fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol is employed for the generation of the linear decapeptide precursor, which is cyclized in solution to afford the target compound. the versatility of our method is demonstrated by the construction of eight gramicidin s analogues (15a-h) having nonproteinogenic sugar amino acid residues (4-7) incorporated in the turn regions.	2004	15527261
growth inhibition of foodborne pathogens and food spoilage organisms by select raw honeys.	twenty-seven honey samples from different floral sources and geographical locations were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of seven food spoilage organisms (alcaligenes faecalis, aspergillus niger, bacillus stearothermophilus, geotrichum candidum, lactobacillus acidophilus, penicillium expansum, pseudomonas fluorescens) and five foodborne pathogens (bacillus cereus, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus) ...	2004	15527912
antimicrobial effect of water extract of sumac (rhus coriaria l.) on the growth of some food borne bacteria including pathogens.	the antimicrobial effect of water extracts of sumac (rhus coriaria l.) at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% (w/v), non-neutralized and after neutralization to ph 7.2+/-0.1, was studied on the growth of 12 bacterial strains (six gram positive strains and six gram negative strains), mostly food borne including pathogens. it was found to be effective against all the test organisms with gram positive strains being more sensitive than gram negative strains. significant differences (p< ...	2004	15527919
new vector for efficient allelic replacement in naturally nontransformable, low-gc-content, gram-positive bacteria.	a shuttle vector designated pmad was constructed for quickly generating gene inactivation mutants in naturally nontransformable gram-positive bacteria. this vector allows, on x-gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside) plates, a quick colorimetric blue-white discrimination of bacteria which have lost the plasmid, greatly facilitating clone identification during mutagenesis. the plasmid was used in staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus cereus to efficiently c ...	2004	15528558
a new bacillus cereus dna-binding protein, hlyiir, negatively regulates expression of b. cereus haemolysin ii.	haemolysin ii, hlyii, is one of several cytotoxic proteins produced by bacillus cereus, an opportunistic human pathogen that causes food poisoning. the hlyii gene confers haemolytic activity to escherichia coli cells. here a new b. cereus gene, hlyiir, which is located immediately downstream of hlyii and regulates hlyii expression, is reported. the deduced amino acid sequence of hlyiir is similar to prokaryotic dna-binding transcriptional regulators of the tetr/acra family. measurements of haemo ...	2004	15528656
bacillus cereus, the causative agent of an emetic type of food-borne illness.	bacillus cereus is the causative agent of two distinct forms of gastroenteritic disease connected to food-poisoning. it produces one emesis-causing toxin and three enterotoxins that elicit diarrhea. due to changing lifestyles and eating habits, b. cereus is responsible for an increasing number of food-borne diseases in the industrial world. in the past, most studies concentrated on the diarrhoeal type of food-borne disease, while less attention has been given to the emetic type of the disease. t ...	2004	15538709
[interaction of neomycin with other antibiotics on selected bacterial strains].	antimicrobial combinations are used most frequently to provide broad-spectrum empirical coverage in the treatment of bacterial infections. however, combination of two antibiotics may not influence their activity, may lead to synergy or antagonism in the activity. neomycin may be combined with one of the following antibiotics: ampicillin, procaine penicillin, gramicidin, bacitracin, polymyxin b, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin in some human and veterinary multiantibiotic drugs distr ...	2004	15544091
association between tea ingestion and invasive bacillus cereus infection among children with cancer.	bacillus cereus is an emerging pathogen that causes invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. a case-control study, prompted by a clinical case, demonstrated an association between dietary tea ingestion and b. cereus bacteremia. policies designed to interrupt transmission of this pathogen to susceptible patients should be considered.	2004	15546093
description of heterotrophic bacteria occurring in paper mills and paper products.	to isolate aerobic mesophilic bacilli and thermophilic bacteria from different paper mill samples and to evaluate their potential harmfulness.	2004	15546414
population structure and evolution of the bacillus cereus group.	representative strains of the bacillus cereus group of bacteria, including bacillus anthracis (11 isolates), b. cereus (38 isolates), bacillus mycoides (1 isolate), bacillus thuringiensis (53 isolates from 17 serovars), and bacillus weihenstephanensis (2 isolates) were assigned to 59 sequence types (sts) derived from the nucleotide sequences of seven alleles, glpf, gmk, ilvd, pta, pur, pyca, and tpi. comparisons of the maximum likelihood (ml) tree of the concatenated sequences with individual ge ...	2004	15547268
spectroscopic quantification of bacteria using artificial neural networks.	fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. five bacterial species (enterococcus faecium, salmonella enteritidis, bacillus cereus, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella boydii) and five escherichia coli strains (o103, o55, o121, o30, o26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 10(9) to 10(3) cfu/ ml. t ...	2004	15553640
detection and identification of bacteria in a juice matrix with fourier transform-near infrared spectroscopy and multivariiate analysis.	the use of fourier transform-near infrared (ft-nir) spectroscopy combined with multivariate pattern recognition techniques was evaluated to address the need for a fast and senisitive method for the detection of bacterial contamination in liquids. the complex cellular composition of bacteria produces ft-nir vibrational transitions (overtone and combination bands), forming the basis for identification and subtyping. a database including strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus ...	2004	15553641
determination of thermal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms with a continuous microflow apparatus.	use of a continuous microflow submerged microcoil (csmc) apparatus was compared with the capillary tube (ct) method for measuring the thermal inactivation kinetics of pseudomonas fluorescens at 61 degrees c for 3 to 29 s. inocula were continuously pumped through a microbore (< or = 0.0762 cm inside diameter) thin-walled stainless steel capillary tube submerged in a heated oil bath. the heating time was set by changing the flow rate, tube dimensions, or both. with the use of microthermo-couples, ...	2004	15553642
[microbiological method for the detection of antibiotic residues in meat using mixed-mode, reverse-phase and cation-exchange cartridge].	a microbiological method for screening of residual benzylpenicillin (pcg), oxytetracycline (otc) and spiramycin (spm) in meat using a single mixed mode, reversed-phase and cation-exchange cartridge was developed. a meat sample was extracted with 0.1 mol/ml ph 4.5 phosphate buffer and the extract was applied to a mcx cartridge. the cartridge was washed, and adsorbed antibiotic residues were eluted with acetonitrile for acidic fractions and acetonitrile containing 5% ammonia solution-0.1 mol/ml ph ...	2004	15568469
temperature effect on bacterial growth rate: quantitative microbiology approach including cardinal values and variability estimates to perform growth simulations on/in food.	temperature effect on growth rates of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and bacillus cereus, was studied. growth rates were obtained in laboratory medium by using a binary dilutions method in which 15 optical density curves were generated to determine one mu value. the temperature was in the range from 2 to 48 degrees c, depending on the bacterial species. data were analysed after a square root transformation. no large difference between the strains of ...	2004	15854703
a modified weibull model for bacterial inactivation.	in this paper, a modified weibull model is proposed to fit microbial survival curves. this model can incorporate shoulder and/or tailing phenomena if they are encountered. we aim to obtain an accurate fit of the "primary" modelling of the bacterial inactivation and to provide a useful and meaningful model for biologists and food industry. a delta parameter close to the classical concept of the d value, established for sterilisation processes, is used in the model. the specific parameterisation o ...	2004	15854705
finding optimal photosensitisers for the decontamination of foods by the photodynamic effect.	a new method for sanitation based on the photodynamic effect is introduced. photosensitisers are compounds that generate cytotoxic oxygen species and free radicals after excitation with appropriate visible light. the cell killing efficacy is due to their chemical structure, to the actual environment and therefore also to their degree of aggregation. as has been shown, photosensitisers bound to the cell wall or incorporated into the cells are very effective cytotoxic agents after illumination. ev ...	2003	15806940