Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| survival of hepatitis a virus in spinach during low temperature storage. | spinach leaves are frequently consumed raw and have been involved with past foodborne outbreaks. in this study, we examined the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav) on fresh spinach leaves in moisture- and gas-permeable packages that were stored at 5.4 +/- 1.2 degrees c for up to 42 days. different eluents including phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.5 (with and without 2% serum), and 3% beef extract (ph 7.5 and 8) were compared for how efficiently they recovered viruses from spinach by using ... | 2009 | 19903406 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) packaging size limit. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, grows poorly in cell culture and in general does not cause cytopathic effect. foreign sequences have been inserted into different parts of the hav genome. however, the packaging size limit of hav has not been determined. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the maximum size of additional sequences that the hav genome can tolerate without loosing infectivity. | 2009 | 19922643 |
| virosomal hepatitis a vaccine: comparing intradermal and subcutaneous with intramuscular administration. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is unaffordable to many developing countries. substantial reductions in cost occur when vaccines are administered intradermally at low doses. aluminum-free hav vaccines are considered more suitable for intradermal use than traditional vaccines which can cause long-lasting local reactions. thus, we compared the immunogenicity and safety of an aluminum-free virosomal hav vaccine (epaxal) administered by different routes: intradermal (i.d.), subcutaneous ... | 2009 | 19930383 |
| community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study of hepatitis a in bangladesh. | to elucidate the age-distribution of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence across different socioeconomic status (ses) categories in bangladesh which, despite scarce data, is generally deemed to have high endemicity. | 2009 | 19842225 |
| development of a fluorescent in situ method for visualization of enteric viruses. | studying the interactions between enteric pathogens and their environment is important to improving our understanding of their persistence and transmission. however, this remains challenging in large part because of difficulties associated with tracking pathogens in their natural environment(s). in this study, we report a fluorescent labeling strategy which was applied to murine norovirus (mnv-1), a human norovirus surrogate, and hepatitis a virus (hav). specifically, streptavidin-labeled quantu ... | 2009 | 19854924 |
| the interaction of hepatitis a virus (hav) with soluble forms of its cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) share the physiological requirements of infectivity in cell culture. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, usurps the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) to infect cells. havcr1 is a class 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular domains: a virus-binding immunoglobulin-like (igv) domain and a mucin-like domain that extends the igv from the cell membrane. soluble forms of havcr1 bind, alter, and neutralize cell culture-adapted hav, which is attenuated for humans. however, the requirements of ... | 2009 | 19860892 |
| assessment of human enteric viruses in cultured and wild bivalve molluscs. | standard and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures were used to monitor cultured and wild bivalve molluscs from the ría de vigo (nw spain) for the main human enteric rna viruses, specifically, norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), astrovirus (asv), rotavirus (rt), enterovirus (ev), and aichi virus (aiv). the results showed the presence of at least one enteric virus in 63.4% of the 41 samples analyzed. nov gii was the most prevalent virus, detected in 53.7% of the samples, ... | 2009 | 19784920 |
| natural course of fulminant hepatic failure: the scenario in bangladesh and the differences from the west. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is a devastating complication of acute viral hepatitis, leading to death in most cases. the etiology and predictors of outcome differ according to the geographical region. this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the etiology, complications, and outcome of fhf in bangladesh. | 2009 | 19794267 |
| vaccination strategies against hepatitis a in travelers older than 40 years: an economic evaluation. | in recent years, the number of travelers aged >40 years who acquire hepatitis a while traveling has increased. therefore, there is a need to review hepatitis a vaccination protocols in travelers. the aims of the study were to assess immunity levels to hepatitis a virus (hav) in international travelers >40 years and to determine the least costly immunization strategy. | 2009 | 19796106 |
| risk assessment in shellfish-borne outbreaks of hepatitis a. | in the present work, we aimed at determining the relationship between the hepatitis a virus (hav) numbers in imported frozen coquina clams involved in two hepatitis outbreaks, as well as the risk for human health. due to hav unculturability, a standardized taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr controlling the virus/nucleic acid extraction and enzyme efficiencies was employed to figure the exposure dose for clams responsible for hepatitis cases. hav numbers were then employed to figure the r ... | 2009 | 19820160 |
| use of a robotic rna purification protocol based on the nuclisens easymag for real-time rt-pcr detection of hepatitis a virus in bottled water. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis throughout the world. an important part of viral control is rapid detection of hav in drinking water contaminated with feces. one critical step in hav detection methods is sample preparation. the objective of this study was to test the efficacy of different approaches to extracting rna from hav-inoculated bottled water. the optimal method is based on viral concentration by filtration on membrane filters and elution o ... | 2009 | 19114058 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus in kuwait. | to find the current seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav) in kuwait. | 2009 | 19115474 |
| 3 for life: a model pilot program to prevent hepatitis b virus infection and liver cancer in asian and pacific islander americans. | 3 for life aims to increase hepatitis b virus (hbv) awareness and reduce the high prevalence of undiagnosed chronic hbv infection and susceptibility among asian/pacific islander (api) adults. | 2009 | 19149422 |
| comparison of hepatitis a seroprevalence in blood donors in south tunisia between 2000 and 2007. | the aim of the study was to assess hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence in blood donors from south tunisia in two periods 2000 and 2007. serum samples collected from 376 blood donors in each period aged 18 to 30 years from different regions of south tunisia were analysed for anti-hav igg. the global seroprevalence of hav infection was 85.9% in 2007 as compared with 94.9% in 2000. the seroprevalence in the 18-20 years age group was 91.9% in 2000 vs 80.6% in 2007, and increased to 99% in 2000 an ... | 2009 | 20707222 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies among a sample of egyptian children. | we determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies (hav ab) among 296 egyptian children aged 2.5-18 years of different social classes to ascertain whether to give hav vaccine early in life or to leave children to acquire natural immunity. overall 61.4% were seropositive for hav ab. there was a significant increase in the seroprevalence of hav ab with higher age and lower social class; in children aged < 6 years, 72.7% of high and 19.0% of low social class were seronegative for hav ... | 2008 | 19161074 |
| hav in isfahan province: a population-based study. | hepatitis a infection is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav). improved sanitary conditions have resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis a. there is inadequate data about the epidemiology of this infection in iran. therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the anti-hav seroprevalence in isfahan province in iran in 2006. | 2008 | 19115608 |
| initial thrombocytopenia as a simple, valuable predictor for clinical manifestation in acute hepatitis a. | although acute hepatitis a (ah-a) is usually self-limited, the clinical manifestations can vary from mild to severe liver dysfunction. however, little is known about the simple, valuable predictors for clinical manifestation in ah-a. the objective of this study was to identify the simple clinical predictors for severe liver dysfunction and its clinical course. | 2008 | 18938776 |
| [is there a shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis a in mexican children?]. | twenty years ago, prevalence of hepatitis a in mexican children was 90%. | 2008 | 18956550 |
| [co-circulation of two genotypes of hepatitis a virus from sporadic cases in northeastern area of seoul, korea]. | in previous studies, most hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates had been genotype ia in korea. recently, a small number of different genotypes were reported with an upsurge of acute hepatitis by hav. we investigated the distribution of hav genotypes. | 2008 | 18971618 |
| comparative recovery of foodborne viruses from fresh produce. | a large percentage of foodborne outbreaks are caused by viruses, and outbreaks associated with fresh produce have increased over the past decade within the united states. virus recovery from food is of the utmost importance in determining the cause of viral outbreaks. while there are many experimental studies investigating viruses on fruits and vegetables, there is a lack of standard techniques concerning the initial inoculation and recovery of viruses. this study investigates the efficiency of ... | 2008 | 18991544 |
| hepatitis a, b, and c infection in a community of sub-saharan immigrants living in verona (italy). | in italy, about 5% of the population is represented by immigrants. the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in africa is very different from europe; the present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis infections in sub-saharan african immigrants living in verona. | 2008 | 19006505 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a and b markers and vaccine indication in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation in spain. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is generally recommended for patients with chronic liver disease and those evaluated for liver transplantation in the absence of immunity. hav and hbv infections after liver transplantation are frequent and associated with a worse prognosis. the data suggest that the number of patients with chronic liver disease without naturally acquired immunity against hav and hbv is substantial, and that new vaccination strategies are ne ... | 2008 | 19010155 |
| acute viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: description of 23 cases and review of the literature. | few studies have evaluated the impact of viral infections on the daily management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). we analyzed the etiology and clinical features of acute viral infections arising in patients with sle and their influence on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sle. cases occurring within the last 5 years were selected from the databases of 3 large teaching hospitals. acute viral infections were confirmed by the identification of specific antiviral igm an ... | 2008 | 19011502 |
| [studies on simultaneous detection of four foodborneviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | to establish a method for simultaneous detection of norovirus (nv), rotavirus (rv), astrovirus (av) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2008 | 19040044 |
| [acute acalculous cholecystitis associated with acute hepatitis a virus infection]. | although acute cholecystitis in the context of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is extremely rare, previous cases have been reported. however, this manifestation of hav infection is little known. in the present article, we briefly review previously documented cases and present a new case. we report the case of a 39-year-old woman with fever, abdominal pain and moderately elevated transaminase levels who developed jaundice and peritoneal irritation. diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was giv ... | 2008 | 18783688 |
| improved cell mediated immune responses after successful re-vaccination of non-responders to the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) vaccine using the combined hepatitis a and b vaccine. | we successfully re-vaccinated hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccine non-responders using a double dose of the combined hepatitis a virus (hav) and hbv vaccine. the hope was to improve priming of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-specific cell mediated immune response (cmi) by an increased antigen dose and a theoretical adjuvant-effect from the local presence of a hav-specific cmi. a few non-responders had a detectable hbsag-specific cmi before re-vaccination. an in vitro detectable hbsag-specific cm ... | 2008 | 18804140 |
| [molecular-epidemiologic characteristic of hepatitis a outbreak among workers of food stores network]. | investigation of hepatitis a (ha) outbreak developed in 2005 among workers of food stores networkwas performed using conventional epidemiologic diagnostics as well as methods of molecular epidemiology. in 14 of 15 ill persons, using polymerase chain reaction, hav rna was detected by pcr in serum obtained on 2 - 25 day of illness (mean - 9.3 days). in 10 cases it was possible to determine nucleotide sequence of vp1/vp2 region of hav genome and perform phylogenetic analysis of obtained isolates. i ... | 2008 | 18819407 |
| bioaccumulation, retention, and depuration of enteric viruses by crassostrea virginica and crassostrea ariakensis oysters. | crassostrea ariakensis oysters are under review for introduction into the chesapeake bay. however, the human health implications of the introduction have not been fully addressed. this study evaluated rates of bioaccumulation, retention, and depuration of viruses by crassostrea virginica and c. ariakensis when the two oyster species were maintained in separate tanks containing synthetic seawater of various salinities (8, 12, or 20 ppt). oyster bioaccumulation tanks were seeded with 10(3) pfu/ml ... | 2008 | 18820067 |
| has the time come to control hepatitis a globally? matching prevention to the changing epidemiology. | for the first time a global meeting on hepatitis a virus (hav) infection as vaccine preventable disease was organized at the end of 2007. more than 200 experts from 46 countries gathered to investigate the changing global hav epidemiology reflecting the increasing numbers of persons at risk for severe clinical disease and mortality from hav infection. the benefits of childhood and adult hepatitis a (hepa) vaccination strategies and the data needed by individual countries and international health ... | 2008 | 18837827 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a in brazil: reassessing immunization policy. | recent studies have shown that the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) is decreasing in several latin american countries. brazil is a very large and heterogeneous country, showing striking regional differences. with regard to sanitary facilities, 81.7% of the districts in the south-eastern region have sewage systems, compared with only 5.8% in the northern region. results of sero-epidemiological studies and reported hepatitis a outbreaks indicate a change in the epidemiological pat ... | 2008 | 18837829 |
| decline in the risk of hepatitis a virus infection in china, a country with booming economy and changing lifestyles. | the objective of the study was to identify the protective factors for the rapid decline in the risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in china between 1990 and 2006. results of serological follow-up and data on annual hepatitis a incidence were analysed and correlated with economic growth and hav vaccine output during the same period. in conclusion, both hav vaccination and changing lifestyles associated with the booming economy contributed to the rapid risk decline. changing lifestyles playe ... | 2008 | 18837831 |
| modern epidemiology of hepatitis a in the north-western region of the russian federation. | the epidemiological features of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were studied in eleven territories located in the north-western region of the russian federation. the dynamics of hav infection in russia and in the region were evaluated during a 17-year period. the age-specific incidence was calculated and 229 305 patients with acute hav were identified. the analysed database included ha mixed with other viral hepatitis infections: it included information about 8 809 hav patients. special attent ... | 2008 | 18837832 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in children and adults in kiev city, ukraine. | ukraine is a zone of moderate hepatitis a endemicity. the changing epidemiology of the disease because of improved hygiene has shifted the burden of hepatitis a to older age groups where the disease is more severe. outbreaks have also become more common as more of the population has become susceptible to hepatitis a virus (hav). to help guide decisions regarding use of hepatitis a vaccine in ukraine, we examined the presence of antibody to hav (anti-hav) in 1001 persons aged 1 to 85 years, visit ... | 2008 | 18837833 |
| hepatitis a acute liver failure: follow-up of paediatric patients in southern brazil. | we retrospectively analysed 33 children and adolescents who had been hospitalized in a liver transplant unit within the previous 10 years for acute liver failure (alf). the patients' age varied between 2 months and 15 years of age (median 6.2 +/- 5.3), and 21 (63%) were male. thirteen patients (39%) were immunoglobulin-m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) sero-positive. eleven cases (33%) had an undetermined aetiology. the 13 children with hav alf were between 17 months and 15.6 years of age (median 5 ... | 2008 | 18837838 |
| differences in hepatitis a seroprevalence among geographical regions in turkey: a need for regional vaccination recommendations. | hepatitis a is a worldwide vaccine-preventable infection. recommendation of vaccination depends on the endemicity of the disease. the world health organization recommends universal hepatitis a vaccination in intermediate areas; however, there is no need of mass vaccination in high and low endemicity regions. therefore, most of the countries are using a vaccination policy according to the endemicity characteristic representing the whole of the country. the endemicity of this infection varies due ... | 2008 | 18837839 |
| sewage workers: risk of acquiring enteric virus infections including hepatitis a. | to determine if sewage workers have an increased risk of acquiring viral infections, 66 workers at a small wastewater plant in north-eastern italy and 72 control subjects recruited from blood donors were enrolled in a seroprevalence study to determine whether sewage workers are at increased risk of acquiring viral infections. in order to evaluate various risk factors, a questionnaire was filled out by each worker whereas seropositivity to hepatitis a virus, coxsackievirus b2 - b3 - b4 - b5, and ... | 2008 | 18843887 |
| epaxal: a virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis a infection. | over the last few decades, different types of inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines have been developed: several aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines and an aluminum-free, virosome-formulated vaccine. both types of vaccines are whole-virus preparations that are produced by growth of hav strains in human diploid cell cultures and are subsequently inactivated with formaldehyde. this review summarizes all published papers on a virosome-formulated vaccine, epaxal, based on formalin inactivated hav (s ... | 2008 | 18844588 |
| immunological efficacy of a three-dose schedule of hepatitis a vaccine in hiv-infected adults: hepavac study. | the immunogenicity of vaccines, including vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav), is impaired in patients with hiv infection, requiring revised immunization regimens. | 2008 | 18845961 |
| identification of a conserved rna replication element (cre) within the 3dpol-coding sequence of hepatoviruses. | internally located, cis-acting rna replication elements (cre) have been identified within the genomes of viruses representing each of the major picornavirus genera (enterovirus, rhinovirus, aphthovirus, and cardiovirus) except hepatovirus. previous efforts to identify a stem-loop structure with cre function in hepatitis a virus (hav), the type species of this genus, by phylogenetic analyses or thermodynamic predictions have not succeeded. however, a region of markedly suppressed synonymous codon ... | 2008 | 18684812 |
| [the analysis to the serological epidemiology of hepatitis virus of fangshan district in beijing]. | 2008 | 18686871 | |
| multilevel analysis of hepatitis a infection in children and adolescents: a household survey in the northeast and central-west regions of brazil. | the objectives were to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis a among children and adolescents from the northeast and midwest regions and the federal district of brazil and to identify individual-, household- and area-levels factors associated with hepatitis a infection. | 2008 | 18653514 |
| improvement of virus safety of an antihemophilc factor ix by virus filtration process. | viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparations of plasma-derived pharmaceuticals. one potential way to increase the safety of therapeutic biological products is the use of a virus-retentive filter. in order to increase the viral safety of human antihemophilic factor ix, particularly in regard to non-enveloped viruses, virus removal process using a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (viresolve nfp) has been optimized. the most critical factor affecting the filtration eff ... | 2008 | 18667862 |
| prevalence of human pathogenic enteric viruses in bivalve molluscan shellfish and cultured shrimp in south west coast of india. | the prevalence of human enteric viruses in bivalve molluscan shellfish and shrimp collected off the south west coast of india was studied to assess the extent of fecal pollution of coastal environment. out of 194 samples analyzed, 37% of oyster, 46% of clam and 15% of shrimp samples were positive for enteroviruses (ev). adenoviruses (adv) were detected in 17% of oyster and 27% of clam samples. however, other enteric viruses such as noroviruses (nov) and hepatitis a virus (hav) were not detected ... | 2008 | 18279989 |
| la autoantigen suppresses ires-dependent translation of the hepatitis a virus. | the human rna-binding protein la, is an essential trans-acting factor in ires-dependent translation initiation of poliovirus, the prototypic picornavirus. for hepatitis a virus (hav), an unusual member of this virus family, the role of host proteins in its inefficient translation and slow replication is unclear. using small interfering rna in vivo and purified la in vitro, we demonstrate for the first time that la suppresses hav ires-mediated translation and replication. we show that la binds sp ... | 2008 | 18282467 |
| markers for hepatitis a, b and c in methadone maintained patients: an unexpectedly high co-infection with silent hepatitis b. | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c viruses in patients attending a methadone maintenance clinic in new york city. | 2008 | 18339114 |
| hepatitis a vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. | 2008 | 18234760 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. | 2008 | 18240428 | |
| detection of hepatitis a virus by using a combined cell culture-molecular beacon assay. | rapid and efficient methods for the detection and quantification of infectious viruses are required for public health risk assessment. current methods to detect infectious viruses are based on mammalian cell culture and rely on the production of visible cytopathic effects (cpe). for hepatitis a virus (hav), viral replication in cell culture has been reported to be nonlytic and relatively slow. it may take more than 1 week to reach the maximum production and subsequent visualization of cpe. a mol ... | 2008 | 18263747 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england: a comparison with hepatitis a. | the incidence of hepatitis a is falling. in contrast, autochthonous hepatitis e is an emerging infection in developed countries. the objective of this study was to compare both laboratory-confirmed cases of hepatitis a and autochthonous hepatitis e over a 2-year period in cornwall and devon and anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igg and anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in blood donors. the databases of microbiology laboratories in cornwall and devon were searched for the number of diagn ... | 2008 | 18299907 |
| basic mathematical models for the temporal dynamics of hav in medium-endemicity italian areas. | in some southern italy areas hepatitis a still represents a serious public health issue. in 1996 a big epidemics in puglia led that region to adopt a mass vaccination programme. in this paper a basic mathematical model for the temporal trends of hepatitis a virus (hav) in southern italy is proposed and investigated. the model includes the main distinctive features of hav in southern italy, i.e. multiplicity of exposure factors, and periodic forcing caused by yearly patterns of seafood consumptio ... | 2008 | 18314231 |
| etiology of hemolysis in two patients with hepatitis a infection: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | we report two children with hemolytic anemia during the course of hepatitis a infection. on admission, the patients had high blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels, as well as anemia, leucocytosis, and direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia. both patients had a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (g6pd) and autoimmune antibodies. they were given vitamin k on admission. inadvertent administration of vitamin k could have been related to an acute reduction in hemoglobin conc ... | 2008 | 18320220 |
| molecular characterisation of the hepatitis a virus circulating in the 2001-2005 outbreaks in thailand. | in a recent study of hepatitis a virus (hav) in thailand, viral isolates recovered during several outbreaks of infection that occurred between 2001 and 2005 were genotyped and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. anti-hav igm was detected, by elisa, in many of the 283 serum samples that were collected from the provinces of suphanburi, songkhla, chiangrai and lampang: 40 (48.2% of those investigated), 38 (47.5%), 25 (41.0%) and 32 (54.2%), respectively. the hav rna in the positive samples was reve ... | 2008 | 18348779 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis--united states, 2006. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with three viruses: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and for hepatitis a since 1995. no vaccine exists against hepatitis c. | 2008 | 18354374 |
| rapid detection of human parechoviruses in clinical samples by real-time pcr. | human parechoviruses (hpevs) have been associated with severe conditions such as neonatal sepsis and meningitis in young children. rapid identification of an infectious agent in such serious conditions in these patients is essential for adequate decision making regarding treatment and hospital stay. | 2008 | 18354819 |
| genetic analysis of hav strains isolated from patients with acute hepatitis in korea, 2005-2006. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis, which represents a significant public health problem. hav is usually transmitted by oral-fecal route and prevalent not only in developing countries but also in developed countries worldwide. to characterize the hav wild type strains circulating in korea, the vp3/vp1 and vp1/p2a junction regions were detected by rt-pcr from hav igm positives during 2005 and 2006. among 160 hav igm positive sera, 30% (n = 48) were positive for ... | 2008 | 18360890 |
| [the molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a in the netherlands; the usefulness of typing isolated viral strains]. | 2008 | 18380392 | |
| antibody response to hepatitis a immunization among human immunodeficiency virus-infected children and adolescents. | seventy-one of 84 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children [84.5% (95% confidence interval: 75-91.5%)] were hepatitis a virus (hav) seropositive after 2 doses of hav vaccine. higher cd4% and hiv suppression were significantly associated with increased hav seropositivity rate. in multivariate analysis, cd4 >or=25% and young age were independent predictors of hav seropositivity. of 7 children given a third hav vaccine dose because of negative hav antibody after 2 doses, 2 (29%) became ... | 2008 | 18382387 |
| immunogenicity and safety of three consecutive lots of a new preservative-free inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (healive): a double-blind, randomized and controlled trial. | immunization is considered as the most effective way for the prophylaxis of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. this study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of three consecutive lots of a new preservative-free inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (healive) in healthy children. a double-blind, randomized and controlled clinical trial was conducted in healthy volunteers aged from 1 to 8 years. total 400 subjects were enrolled and assigned into four groups, receiving one of the three lots o ... | 2008 | 18395305 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 5-(n-aryl-aminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)hydrazines and their sugars, 1,2,4-triazoles, tetrazoles and pyrazolyl derivatives. | a number of new n-arylaminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 2, 3a,b, and 9-12a,b were prepared. sugar (5-n-arylaminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl) hydrazones 4-6a,b were synthesized by the reaction of the hydrazino derivatives 3a,b with the corresponding monosaccharides. the novel acyclo-c-nucleosides 7, 8a,b were prepared by heterocyclization of the sugar hydrazones 4, 5a,b with acetic anhydride. a number of the synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral activity against herpes simp ... | 2008 | 18404774 |
| heteroaromatic ester inhibitors of hepatitis a virus 3c proteinase: evaluation of mode of action. | the related 3c and 3c-like proteinase (3c(pro) and 3cl(pro)) of picornaviruses and coronaviruses, respectively, are good drug targets. as part of an effort to generate broad-spectrum inhibitors of these enzymes, we screened a library of inhibitors based on a halopyridinyl ester from a previous study of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) 3cl proteinase against hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c(pro). three of the compounds, which also had furan rings, inhibited the cleavage activity of hav 3c(p ... | 2008 | 18407505 |
| hepatitis a: the vaccine dividend. | 2008 | 18422432 | |
| hepatitis a in korea: epidemiological shift and call for vaccine strategy. | the number of adult hepatitis a cases has progressively been increasing during the last several years in korea. the aim of the present study was to describe the recent clinical features of hepatitis a and the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav), and to discuss hav vaccine strategy in korea. | 2008 | 18434743 |
| efficient neutralizing activity of cocktailed recombinant human antibodies against hepatitis a virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the major pathogen responsible for acute infectious hepatitis a, a disease that is prevalent worldwide. although hav immunization effectively prevents infection, primary immunizations must be administered at least 2 weeks prior to hav exposure. in contrast, passive immunization with pooled human immunoglobulin (ig) can provide immediate and rapid protection from hav infection. because the use of human sera-derived igs carries the risk of contamination, we sought to dev ... | 2008 | 18461629 |
| outbreaks of hepatitis a in england and wales associated with two co-circulating hepatitis a virus strains. | during 2002, an upsurge in frequency of hepatitis a outbreaks among injecting drug users was observed in england and wales. as lack of risk factor information and the high mobility of the cases made linkage of outbreaks difficult, the relationship of nucleotide sequences in the vp1/2pa junction of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome amplified from serum of case-patients was investigated. a total of 204 hav rna positive sera obtained from a network of 23 laboratories were studied. comparison of th ... | 2008 | 18461630 |
| estimating the pathogen safety of manufactured human plasma products: application to fibrin sealants and to thrombin. | plasma fractionators have implemented many improvements over the past decade directed toward reducing the likelihood of pathogen transmission by purified blood products, yet little has been published attempting to assess the overall impact of these improvements on the probability of safety of the final product. | 2008 | 18466171 |
| changes in hepatitis a virus seroepidemiology in hiv-infected brazilian patients. | shifting of hepatitis a virus (hav) epidemiology from a high towards an intermediate endemicity pattern and use of antiretroviral therapy increased the risk of hiv/hav coinfection in developing countries. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of hav markers in a cohort of hiv-infected patients from 1988 to 2004. the presence of serum anti-hav antibodies and hav-rna by real-time polymerase chain reaction was investigated in 581 patients. total anti-hav antibodies was found in 464/ ... | 2008 | 18482962 |
| age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a in antananarivo (madagascar). | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an enteric, viral, infectious disease endemic in many developing countries such as madagascar. infection is often subclinical or asymptomatic in children; however, symptomatic acute infections become more common with increasing age. in some developing countries, improvements in living conditions have led to changes in the epidemiological pattern of hav infection. there are very few reports on the prevalence of hav in madagascar. this study was to determine the seroprev ... | 2008 | 18538023 |
| chlorine disinfection of produce to inactivate hepatitis a virus and coliphage ms2. | disinfection of produce is principally used to inactivate spoilage microbes and may also reduce the risk of consumer exposure to enteric pathogens. however, the rate and extent of enteric virus inactivation by free chlorine on produce has not been adequately characterized. experiments were performed to determine the kinetics of free chlorine inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) and the indicator virus coliphage ms2 on strawberries (sbs), cherry tomatoes (cts), and head lettuce (hl). the oxida ... | 2008 | 18547665 |
| effects of sanitation, freezing and frozen storage on enteric viruses in berries and herbs. | norovirus (nv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are foodborne enteric viruses associated with outbreaks of disease following consumption of fresh or frozen produce. model experiments were performed to determine the effectiveness of certain commercial processes for the removal of enteric viruses that might be present in berries and herbs. the survival and persistence of hav, nv, rotavirus (rv) and feline calicivirus (fcv), a surrogate for nv, in frozen produce over time were determined. survival and i ... | 2008 | 18547667 |
| hepatitis a virus protein 2b suppresses beta interferon (ifn) gene transcription by interfering with ifn regulatory factor 3 activation. | hepatitis a virus (hav) antagonizes the innate immune response by inhibition of retinoic acid-inducible gene i-mediated and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-mediated beta interferon (ifn-beta) gene expression. this study showed that this is due to an interaction of hav with mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein (mavs)-dependent signalling, in which the viral non-structural protein 2b and the protein intermediate 3abc recently suggested in this context seem to be involved, cooperat ... | 2008 | 18559929 |
| hepatitis a vaccines. | the global disease burden associated with hepatitis a virus (hav) is expected to increase in the coming years due to a shift in the epidemiological pattern of the disease. a decrease in the prevalence of natural immunity is leading to an increased number of adolescents and adults susceptible to a disease that is associated with greater morbidity, mortality and treatment costs in older-age groups. current hav vaccines have been shown to be safe, highly immunogenic and confer long-lasting protecti ... | 2008 | 18564009 |
| methods for recovery of hepatitis a virus (hav) and other viruses from processed foods and detection of hav by nested rt-pcr and taqman rt-pcr. | enteric viruses are important agents of foodborne disease. unfortunately, robust, quantitative methods for sampling and analysis of enteric and other viruses in processed or complex foods are not well-established. as a result, epidemiologically determined etiologies or pathogen sources in foodborne outbreaks are rarely confirmed by virological analysis. in this study, an acid-adsorption elution concentration (aec) method previously used to monitor virus occurrence and investigate enteric virus o ... | 2008 | 18579246 |
| vectorial entry and release of hepatitis a virus in polarized human hepatocytes. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an enterically transmitted virus that replicates predominantly in hepatocytes within the liver before excretion via bile through feces. hepatocytes are polarized epithelial cells, and it has been assumed that the virus load in bile results from direct export of hav via the apical domain of polarized hepatocytes. we have developed a subclone of hepatocyte-derived hepg2 cells (clone n6) that maintains functional characteristics of polarized hepatocytes but displays morph ... | 2008 | 18579610 |
| hepatitis a virus subgenotypes dissemination during a community outbreak in a surrounding region of rio de janeiro. | from december 1999 to december 2001, many cases of hepatitis a were notified in the county of belford roxo involving individuals aged 0 to 79 years. serum samples were collected to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies, to detect hav-rna and to correlate with possible risk factors of hav infection. serum samples were screened by commercial igm and total anti-hav antibody elisa and hav-rna was isolated and subsequently amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase cha ... | 2008 | 18592098 |
| analysis of the full-length genome of hepatitis a virus isolated in south america: heterogeneity and evolutionary constraints. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a hepatotropic member of the family picornaviridae. currently, the entire nucleotide sequence is available for only 26 hav isolates. the complete genome sequence of genotype ia hav from strains isolated in south america, where genotype ia is the most prevalent genotype, remains unknown. in this study, the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a genotype ia hav isolate recovered from a uruguayan patient (hav5). phylogenetic analysis performed using hav5 and al ... | 2008 | 18594941 |
| a cost-effectiveness analysis of universal childhood hepatitis a vaccination in china. | the socioeconomic improvement has impacted hepatitis a virus (hav) infection with a shift from high to intermediate endemicity in many parts of china. the first china-developed inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, with significantly low price, was licensed in 2002, prompting us to evaluate whether universal childhood vaccination is advisable now in china. we considered vaccination scheduled at ages 12 and 18 months for all healthy children, and assumed that a single cohort was enrolled in 2005. a ma ... | 2008 | 18597903 |
| [current status and vaccine indication for hepatitis a virus infection in korea]. | one of the major cause of recent acute viral hepatitis in korean adults is hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. most of hepatitis a cases are young adults in their twenties or thirties, and the severity of the disease is related to the age of patients. the seroprevalence of hav among the adolescents and young adults in their teens and twenties is about 10%, which suggests that a growing number of young adults are susceptible to hav infection. development of more adult cases with severe presentatio ... | 2008 | 18604134 |
| recent advances with a virosomal hepatitis a vaccine. | epaxal, a virosomal vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, has been in use for nearly 15 years, especially among at-risk adults. recent studies have shown that it is also a potent vaccine for children. | 2008 | 18613769 |
| evaluation of genomic regions of hepatitis a virus for phylogenetic analysis: suitability of the 2c region for genotyping. | the use of different genomic fragments of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been described for classification of strains available globally. however, the limitations of these fragments have been reported in several studies. the present study was conducted to evaluate the genomic fragments of hav, spanning from the 5'ncr to 3'ncr to employ them in molecular diagnosis and genotyping. the different phylogenetic methods confirmed the use of the 5'ncr and the vp4 region in diagnosis due to their conserved ... | 2008 | 18619492 |
| autoimmune hepatitis induced by the prolonged hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. rarely, acute infection may persist for a long time. autoimmune hepatitis (aih) may provide anti-hav igm positivity detection for a prolonged time. on the other hand, hav as an infectious agent may also trigger aih. here we presented a case which seemed like a simple acute viral hepatitis a infection at the beginning but turned out to be an aih according to the international autoimmune hepatitis group's syste ... | 2008 | 18626439 |
| dry-heat treatment process for enhancing viral safety of an antihemophilic factor viii concentrate prepared from human plasma. | viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor viii concentrates from human plasma. with particular regard to the hepatitis a virus (hav), a terminal dry-heat treatment (100 degrees for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor viii concentrate. the loss of factor viii activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. no substantial changes were observed in the physi ... | 2008 | 18633304 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of some new pyrazole and fused pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives. | some novel substituted pyrazole and pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 2, 4, 8, and 9 were synthesized. also, some acyclic s-nucleosides of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 10-13 were prepared via reaction of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(3h)-thione derivative 9 with some acyclic sugars. moreover, the n-nucleoside derivative 14 was prepared via reaction of compound 8 with glucosamine hydrochloride. the antiviral evaluation of some selected new products showed that they have promising antiv ... | 2008 | 18635363 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis a: immune globulin, vaccine or both? | 2008 | 19350959 | |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccination responses in persons with chronic hepatitis c infections: a review of the evidence and current recommendations. | in persons with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, superinfection by hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) can cause serious complications, including fulminating hepatitis or increased severity of hepatitis. therefore, it is important to adequately protect persons with chronic hcv infections by immunization. suboptimal response to vaccines has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. the present article reviews hav and hbv vaccine responses reported in the lite ... | 2008 | 19352452 |
| epidemiological transition of hepatitis a in india: issues for vaccination in developing countries. | with improvement in economic and living conditions of the communities, the age of acquiring hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is shifting from early childhood to adolescence and young adulthood. such epidemiological shift leads to an increased incidence of symptomatic hav infection, including heightened risk of liver failure. data from india indicate that the population is no longer homogeneous for its hav exposure profile. occasional outbreaks of hav and higher proportions of symptomatic cases ... | 2008 | 19246792 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna from children patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology in vietnam: genomic characterization of vietnamese hav strain. | although it is thought that vietnam is a high endemic region of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, there is no report on genomic characterization of hav spread in vietnam. the purpose of the present paper was therefore to identify various virus infections from 33 children with acute or fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology admitted to children's hospital no.1 in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | 2008 | 19261107 |
| new target tissue for food-borne virus detection in oysters. | to evaluate the different tissues of naturally contaminated oyster for food-borne virus detection. methods and | 2008 | 19146529 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from goiânia, gioás, brazil. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a public health problem worldwide and the virus has been classified into six genotypes. in brazil, the only genotype that has been found is genotype i, predominately from subgenotype ia. here, the hav genotypes were analyzed of 18 isolates circulating between 1996-2001 in goiânia, state of goiás, brazil. viral rna was extracted from 18 serum samples and amplified (rt-pcr/nested-pcr), followed by the genomic sequencing of the vp1/2a junction region of the hav ... | 2008 | 19148425 |
| a simple and rapid hepatitis a virus (hav) titration assay based on antibiotic resistance of infected cells: evaluation of the hav neutralization potency of human immune globulin preparations. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans, is an atypical picornaviridae that grows poorly in cell culture. hav titrations are laborious and time-consuming because the virus in general does not cause cytopathic effect and is detected by immunochemical or molecular probes. simple hav titration assays could be developed using currently available viral construct containing selectable markers. | 2008 | 19094229 |
| [development of an extraction and concentration method for the detection of hepatitis a virus in different samples]. | to develop an extraction and concentration method for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish, water, serum and saliva samples by nested rt-pcr. | 2008 | 19105352 |
| an epidemiological study of enteric viruses in sewage with molecular characterization by rt-pcr and sequence analysis. | the aim of this study was to assess the presence and seasonal frequency of various enteric viruses in wastewater treatment. the detection of astrovirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis a virus (hav) and rotavirus was carried out by molecular analyses in concentrated water samples collected over 18 months at the entrance and exit of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant. the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) results were confirmed by sequencing, and comparative phylo ... | 2008 | 19108555 |
| [clinical features of acute hepatitis a in recent two years]. | the purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of acute hepatitis a in seoul and gyeonggi province during the recent 2 years. | 2008 | 19077476 |
| [immunity against hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c]. | because of high fatality rate associated with acute infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) in chronic hepatitis c patients, it is of interest to know the prevalence of immunization against hav in these patients. | 2008 | 19080825 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b, tetanus, hepatitis a, human immunodeficiency virus and feasibility of vaccine delivery among injecting drug users in bangkok, thailand, 2003-2005. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), tetanus, hepatitis a virus (hav) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in injecting drug users (idus), risk factors associated with infection and the feasibility of hbv vaccine delivery in hbv seronegatives. | 2008 | 18705685 |
| recovery and sequence analysis of hepatitis a virus from springwater implicated in an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis. | an outbreak of acute hepatitis a virus in north carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus (hav) genomic sequences. detection of hav and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures. | 2008 | 18708522 |
| impaired immunity to recall antigens and neoantigens in severely immunocompromised children and adolescents during the first year of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. | we studied whether severely immunocompromised, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children who were beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) or changing haart regimens could spontaneously respond to a recall antigen (tetanus toxoid [tt] vaccine) or respond to a recall antigen and neoantigen (hepatitis a virus [hav] vaccine) after 3 vaccinations. | 2008 | 18752430 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus from oyster by nested pcr using efficient extraction and concentration method. | the molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction have been proposed as useful tools for the identification of viral pathogens in food and water. however, the pcr-based methods are highly dependent on the methods of virus concentration and nucleic acid purification due to the low sensitivity of pcr in the presence of pcr inhibitors. we developed tptt [tris elution buffer-peg-trizol-poly(dt) magnetic bead] protocol in order to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) inoculated in oyster digestive glan ... | 2008 | 18758735 |
| a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a secondary school in upper normandy, france, in november 2006. | in november 2006, six symptomatic cases of hepatitis a in pupils of a secondary school in upper normandy, france, were reported to the district health service. this paper describes the outbreak investigation undertaken with the aim to identify the vehicle and source of infection, implement control measures and estimate the size of the outbreak. a primary case at the secondary school was defined as a pupil or a member of the staff with igm anti-hav detected in the serum and with onset of symptoms ... | 2008 | 18761959 |
| fatal outcome of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a traveler with incomplete hav vaccination and evidence of rift valley fever virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is rarely fatal except in patients with chronic liver disease. in the case reported here, an elderly women died of hav infection 12 years after incomplete hav vaccination. the possible role of a concordant rift valley fever virus infection acquired in kenya is discussed. | 2008 | 18768649 |
| protecting contacts of hepatitis a: what's the difference between vaccine and human normal immunoglobulin? | the efficacy of vaccine when time since exposure is prolonged (more than 1 week from onset of illness in the index case) is unknown, but is likely to be significantly lower than human normal immunoglobulin (hnig). we estimated the number of additional secondary cases that may occur through giving vaccine instead of hnig to contacts of cases of hepatitis a who are identified more than 1 week after onset in the index case. this was calculated for different levels of vaccine efficacy, assuming hnig ... | 2008 | 17352837 |