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hypoglycemic effect of combination of azadirachta indica a. juss. and gynura procumbens (lour.) merr. ethanolic extracts standardized by rutin and quercetin in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats.exploration of plant combinations could be an alternative approach for diabetes treatment. the aim of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of combination of a. indica and g. procumbens ethanolic extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.201425671197
development of microbial resistant thermosensitive ag nanocomposite (gelatin) hydrogels via green process.in this investigation, an ecofriendly method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using biodegradable gelatin as a stabilizing agent is reported. here, we prepared thermosensitive silver nanocomposite hydrogels composed of gelatin and n-isopropylacrylamide. in this green process agnps were formed from ag(+) ions and reduced with leaf [azadirachta indica (neem leaf)] extracts, resulting in a hydrogel network. the ag(0) nanoparticles affect the hydrogel strength and improved the biolo ...201423650266
bait spray for control of european cherry fruit fly: an appraisal based on semi-field and field studies.the european cherry fruit fly, rhagoletis cerasi, is the major insect pest of sweet and tart cherries. its management is becoming increasingly difficult in many countries as formerly effective but broad-spectrum insecticides are removed from the market. with the objective of identifying suitable and environmentally safe alternatives, we investigated bait sprays containing two families of plant-derived insecticides: azadirachtins (neemazal-t(®) and neemazal-t/s(®) ) and pyrethrins (spruzit neu(®) ...201423893955
neem leaf extract induces cell death by apoptosis and autophagy in b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells.chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is the most common adult leukemia and is currently incurable. to expand the therapeutic armamentarium, we investigated neem leaf extract (nle) after a patient with cll demonstrated disease regression upon taking oral nle. nle-mediated apoptosis was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from 41 patients with cll. nle induced a dose-dependent reduction in cll cell viability with significant apoptosis observed at 0.06% (w/v) by 24 h. annexin-v sta ...201423721511
direct inhibition of retinoblastoma phosphorylation by nimbolide causes cell-cycle arrest and suppresses glioblastoma growth.classical pharmacology allows the use and development of conventional phytomedicine faster and more economically than conventional drugs. this approach should be tested for their efficacy in terms of complementarity and disease control. the purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms by which nimbolide, a triterpenoid found in the well-known medicinal plant azadirachta indica, controls glioblastoma growth.201424170547
neem leaf extract inhibits mammary carcinogenesis by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.plant-based medicines are useful in the treatment of cancer. many breast cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine in parallel with conventional treatments. neem is historically well known in asia and africa as a versatile medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of biological activities. the experiments reported herein determined whether the administration of an ethanolic fraction of neem leaf (efnl) inhibits progression of chemical carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rat m ...201424146019
in-vivo and in-vitro activities of medicinal plants on ecto, endo and haemoparasitic infections: a review.crude methanol, pet. ether, ethyl acetate, n-hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous extracts of various species of medicinal plants have shown significant in-vivo and in-vitro pharmacological activities against ecto, endo and haemoparasites. the scientific evaluations of the use of the plants as antiparasitic agents were based on the claims of folklore drawn from traditional healers from various communities across the world. the pharmacological activities of these plants were associated with the pr ...201423173971
biogenic gold nano-triangles: cargos for anticancer drug delivery.we present synthesis of biogenic gold nano triangles (gnts) using azadirachta indica leaf extract at inherent ph (5.89) and its application in efficient drug delivery of doxorubicin (dox) (anticancer drug). the main idea was to take advantage of large surface area of gnts which has 3 dimensions and use the plant peptides coated on these triangles as natural linkers for the attachment of dox. sucrose density gradient centrifugation (sdgc) and dialysis methods were used for separation of the gnt f ...201425280684
effect of aqueous extract of azadirachta indica a. juss (neem) leaf on oocyte maturation, oviposition, reproductive potentials and embryonic development of a freshwater fish ectoparasite argulus bengalensis ramakrishna, 1951 (crustacea: branchiura).in present study, a microcosm experiment is carried out to investigate the efficacy of 120 and 250-ppm crude aqueous extract of azadirachta leaf on oocyte maturation, oviposition, embryonic development and hatching of the eggs of a fish ectoparasite argulus bengalensis. relative abundance of different maturing oocyte stages in the ovary of the parasite from different age groups was enumerated, and marked variations were obtained. significant depletion in the abundance of pre-vitollogenic, vitell ...201425270235
expedient preparative isolation and tandem mass spectrometric characterization of c-seco triterpenoids from neem oil.c-seco triterpenoids are widely bioactive class of natural products with high structural complexity and diversity. the preparative isolation of these molecules with high purity is greatly desirable, although restricted due to the complexity of natural extracts. in this article we have demonstrated a medium pressure liquid chromatography (mplc) based protocol for the isolation of eight major c-seco triterpenoids of salannin skeleton from neem (azadirachta indica) oil. successive application of no ...201425267707
10be climate fingerprints during the eemian in the neem ice core, greenland.several deep greenland ice cores have been retrieved, however, capturing the eemian period has been problematic due to stratigraphic disturbances in the ice. the new greenland deep ice core from the neem site (77.45 °n, 51.06 °w, 2450 m.a.s.l) recovered a relatively complete eemian record. here we discuss the cosmogenic (10)be isotope record from this core. the results show eemian average (10)be concentrations about 0.7 times lower than in the holocene which suggests a warmer climate and approxi ...201425266953
botanicals, selective insecticides, and predators to control diaphorina citri (hemiptera: liviidae) in citrus orchards.the asian citrus psyllid (acp) diaphorina citri kuwayama vectors pathogens that cause huanglongbing (hlb) or citrus greening devastating and economically important disease present in most citrus growing regions. young citrus shoots are required for psyllid reproduction and development. during winter citrus trees produce little or no new growth. overwintering adults reproduce in spring on newly emerging shoots also attractive to other pests and beneficial insects. botanicals and relatively select ...201425205398
characteristics of tomato plants treated with leaf extracts of neem (azadirachta indica a. juss. (l.)) and mata-raton (gliricidia sepium (jacquin)): a greenhouse experiment.extracts of neem (azadirachta indica a.) and mata-raton (gliricidia sepium) leaves were used as insect repellent during organic cultivation of tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum) and were compared with untreated plants or plants treated with lambda-cyhalothrin (chemical treatment). the best developed tomato plants were found in the gliricidia treatment, while difference between other treatments were small. the number of different species of macrofauna found on tomato plants were similar in diff ...201425204070
a monoclonal antibody against neem leaf glycoprotein recognizes carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) and restricts cea expressing tumor growth.carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) is one of the promising tumor antigens mainly associated with carcinoma of the colon, lung, breast, etc. and received wide attention for cancer immunotherapy. neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp), an effective immunomodulator, is able to generate humoral and cellular immune responses in murine tumor models. we have generated a monoclonal antibody (mab) against nlgp by fusing nlgp-immunized mice splenocytes with nonsecretory myeloma cells. a highly anti-nlgp mab secreting ...201425198527
neem (azadirachta indica l.) leaf extract deteriorates oocyte quality by inducing ros-mediated apoptosis in mammals.neem (azadirachta indica l.) leaf has been widely used in ayurvedic system of medicine for fertility regulation for a long time. the molecular mechanism by which neem leaf regulates female fertility remains poorly understood. animal studies suggest that aqueous neem leaf extract (nle) induces reactive oxygen species (ros) - mediated granulosa cell apoptosis. granulosa cell apoptosis deprives oocytes from nutrients, survival factors and cell cycle proteins required for the achievement of meiotic ...201425197620
azadirachta indica attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress.we investigated the effects of methanolic leaves extract of azadirachta indica (mlen, 500 mg/kg bwt) on cisplatin- (cp-) induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. cp (5 mg/kg bwt) was injected intraperitoneally and mlen was given by gastric gavage for 5 days before or after cp injection. after 5 days of cp injection, cp-induced injury of the renal tissue was evidenced (i) as histopathological damage of the renal tissue, (ii) as increases in serum uric acid, urea, and creatinine, (iii) ...201425162019
apoptosis-inducing effect of three medicinal plants on oral cancer cells kb and orl-48.brucea javanica, azadirachta indica, and typhonium flagelliforme are medicinal plants commonly used to treat conditions associated with tumour formation. this study aimed to determine the antiproliferative activity of these plants extracts on kb and orl-48 oral cancer cell lines and to suggest their mode of cell death. the concentration producing 50% cell inhibition (ic50) was determined and the activity was examined under an inverted microscope. immunohistochemistry fluorescent staining method ...201425147833
comparative immunomodulation potential of tinospora cordifolia (willd.) miers ex hook. f., tinospora sinensis (lour.) merrill and tinospora cordifolia growing on azadirachta indica a. juss.guduchi has been widely used in the traditional medicine as an immunomodulator. description of guduchi in ayurvedic literature resemble with t. sinensis rather than with commonly available t. cordifolia and hence this may be used as substitutes for t. sinensis. t. cordifolia growing on azadirachta indica commonly called neem-guduchi has more immunomodulatory potential. thus, immunomodulatory activity of three tinospora spp. was assessed by checking humoral and cell mediated immune responses to t ...201425141544
management of mango hopper, idioscopus clypealis, using chemical insecticides and neem oil.an experiment was conducted in field laboratory, department of entomology at bangladesh agricultural university, mymensingh, during 2013 to manage the mango hopper, idioscopus clypealis l, using three chemical insecticides, imidacloprid (0.3%), endosulfan (0.5%), and cypermethrin (0.4%), and natural neem oil (3%) with three replications of each. all the treatments were significantly effective in managing mango hopper in comparison to the control. imidacloprid showed the highest efficacy in perce ...201425140344
morphological alterations in the synganglion and integument of rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks exposed to aqueous extracts of neem leaves (azadirachta indica a. juss).currently, the necessity of controlling infestation by ticks, especially by rhipicephalus sanguineus, has led researchers and public health managers around the world to search for new and more efficient control methods. this way, we can highlight neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) leaf, bark, and seed extracts, which have been very effective on tick control, and moreover causing less damage to the environment and to the host. this study showed the potential of neem as a control method for r. sang ...201425130979
murine carcinoma expressing carcinoembryonic antigen-like protein is restricted by antibody against neem leaf glycoprotein.we have generated a polyclonal antibody against a novel immunomodulator, neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) that can react to a specific 47 kda subunit of nlgp. generated anti-nlgp antibody (primarily igg2a) was tested for its anti-tumor activity in murine carcinoma (ec, ct-26), sarcoma (s180) and melanoma (b16mel) tumor models. surprisingly, tumor growth restriction was only observed in ct-26 carcinoma models, without any alteration in other tumor systems. comparative examination of antigenicity bet ...201425128841
investigation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of azadirachta indica roots.the present study was an attempt to study total phenolic content and antioxidant property of the crude ethanolic extract of the roots of azadirachta indica (a. indica).201425050306
peltate glandular trichomes of colquhounia seguinii harbor new defensive clerodane diterpenoids.glandular trichomes produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites that are considered as major defensive chemicals against herbivore attack. the morphology and secondary metabolites of the peltate glandular trichomes of a lianoid labiatae, colquhounia seguinii vaniot, were investigated. three new clerodane diterpenoids, seguiniilactones a-c (1-3), were identified through precise trichome collection with laser microdissection, metabolic analysis with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tand ...201425048077
three new and other limonoids from the hexane extract of melia azedarach fruits and their cytotoxic activities.a defatted fraction obtained from the hexane extract of the fruits of melia azedarach l. (chinaberry tree; meliaceae) exhibited cytotoxic activities against leukemia (hl60), lung (a549), stomach (az521), and breast (sk-br-3) cancer cell lines with ic50 values in the range of 2.9-21.9 μg/ml. three new limonoids, 3-deacetyl-4'-demethylsalannin (5), 3-deacetyl-28-oxosalannin (14), and 1-detigloylohchinolal (17), along with 16 known limonoids, 1-4, 6-13, 15, 16, 18, and 19, and one known triterpenoi ...201425044585
multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of azadirachta indica leaf extract.azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceaes) leaves have been used traditionally to treat swelling and rheumatism in indian cultures.201425026347
beneficial effect of azadirachta indica on advanced glycation end-product in streptozotocin-diabetic rat.both oxidation and hyperglycemia cause increased glycation and the formation of advanced glycation end-products (ages) which underlie the complications of diabetes.201425026338
neem components as potential agents for cancer prevention and treatment.azadirachta indica, also known as neem, is commonly found in many semi-tropical and tropical countries including india, pakistan, and bangladesh. the components extracted from neem plant have been used in traditional medicine for the cure of multiple diseases including cancer for centuries. the extracts of seeds, leaves, flowers, and fruits of neem have consistently shown chemopreventive and antitumor effects in different types of cancer. azadirachtin and nimbolide are among the few bioactive co ...201425016141
solubility and bioavailability enhancement of poorly aqueous soluble atorvastatin: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies.the objective of this investigation was to improve the solubility of the poorly water soluble drug atorvastatin (atr), using solid dispersion (sd) techniques, with neem gum (ng) as a hydrophilic carrier. the effects of the polymer concentration and method of preparation on the solubility and dissolution rate were studied. the results showed that the solubility of atr increases with increasing ng concentration. however, dissolution rate of atr from its sd was dependent on the method used to prepa ...201424995297
ethnopharmacological assessment of medicinal plants used against livestock infections by the people living around indus river.the present study was aimed to document detailed ethnopharmacological knowledge of medicinal plants against livestock infections of an unexplored remote region of pakistan. semistructured questionnaires were used for data collection. total 43 plants belonging to 26 families were found to be used in ethnoveterinary practices. seeds (29%) were found to be the most frequent plant part used followed by leaves (22%). ethnoveterinary recipes were mostly prepared in the form of decoction and powdering. ...201425544941
hypericum perforatum and neem oil for the management of acute skin toxicity in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiation or chemo-radiation: a single-arm prospective observational study.radiation dermatitis is common in patients treated with combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy for head and neck malignancies. its timely and adequate management is of uttermost importance for both oncological outcomes and global quality of life. we prospectively evaluated the role of hypericum perforatum and neem oil (holoil®; rimos srl, mirandola, italy) in the treatment of acute skin toxicity for patients undergoing radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.201425544371
in vitro thrombolytic potential of root extracts of four medicinal plants available in bangladesh.thrombus formation inside the blood vessels obstructs blood flow through the circulatory system leading hypertension, stroke to the heart, anoxia, and so on. thrombolytic drugs are widely used for the management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients, but they have certain limitations. medicinal plants and their components possessing antithrombotic activity have been reported before. however, plants that could be used for thrombolysis has not been reported so far.201425538351
production of cellulolytic enzymes by pleurotus species on lignocellulosic wastes using novel pretreatments.in the present investigation three species of pleurotus i.e. p. sajor—caju (p1), p. florida (p2) and p. flabellatus (p3) along with two lignocellulosic substrates namely paddy straw and wheat straw were selected for evaluation of production of extracellular cellulolytic enzymes. during the cultivation of three species of pleurotus under in vivo condition, the two lignocellulosic substrates were treated with plants extracts (aqueous extracts of ashoka leaves (a) and neem oil (b)), hot water ...201425535714
production of ligninolytic enzymes by white rot fungi on lignocellulosic wastes using novel pretreatments.production of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes (laccase and polyphenol oxidase) secreted by three species of white rot fungi (pleurotus florida, p. flabellatus and p. sajor—caju) under in vivo condition was studied on two lignocellulosic substrates i.e., paddy straw and wheat straw. these lignocellulosic substrates were treated with neem (azadirachta indica) oil and ashoka (saraca indica) leaves extract. between the two lignocellulosic substrates, paddy straw pretreated with neem oil sup ...201425535711
in vitro antifilarial activity of azadirachta indica aqueous extract through reactive oxygen species enhancement.to evaluate an aqueous preparation from the azadirachta indica leaves (aea) against setaria cervi (s. cervi), a model filarial parasite.201425441981
development of bioprocess for the production of laccase by pleurotus ostreatus mtcc 1802 using evolutionary optimization technique.for cost effective production of laccase enzyme (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) from p. ostreatus mtcc 1802 through solid sate fermentation, physico-chemical parameters such as temperature (20-35 degrees c), incubation period (9-17 days) and substrate (neem bark and wheat bran, in various ratios, w/w) were optimized first by one parameter at time approach and then obtained optimum conditions were considered as zero level in evolutionary optimization factorial design technique. at statistica ...201425434106
neem leaf glycoprotein prophylaxis transduces immune dependent stop signal for tumor angiogenic switch within tumor microenvironment.we have reported that prophylactic as well as therapeutic administration of neem leaf glycoprotein (nlgp) induces significant restriction of solid tumor growth in mice. here, we investigate whether the effect of such pretreatment (25µg/mice; weekly, 4 times) benefits regulation of tumor angiogenesis, an obligate factor for tumor progression. we show that nlgp pretreatment results in vascular normalization in melanoma and carcinoma bearing mice along with downregulation of cd31, vegf and vegfr2. ...201425391149
nimbolide targets bcl2 and induces apoptosis in preclinical models of waldenströms macroglobulinemia.neem leaf extract (nle) has medicinal properties, which have been attributed to its limonoid content. we identified the nle tetranorterpenoid, nimbolide, as being the key limonoid responsible for the cytotoxicity of nle in various preclinical models of human b-lymphocyte cancer. of the models tested, waldenströms macroglobulinemia (wm) cells were most sensitive to nimbolide, undergoing significant mitochondrial mediated apoptosis. notably, nimbolide toxicity was also observed in drug-resistant ( ...201425382610
limonoid and steroidal saponin from azadirachta indica.a new limonoid, 17-(5-methoxy-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-28-deoxonimbolide (1), and a new c21 steroidal saponin, 2α,4α-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-16-one-3α-o-d-glucopyranoside (2), together with 11 known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the leaves of azadirachta indica. the structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and putative biosynthetic origins. all the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against six bacterial strains.201425381190
review on molecular and chemopreventive potential of nimbolide in cancer.cancer is the most dreaded disease in human and also major health problem worldwide. despite its high occurrence, the exact molecular mechanisms of the development and progression are not fully understood. the existing cancer therapy based on allopathic medicine is expensive, exhibits side effects; and may also alter the normal functioning of genes. thus, a non-toxic and effective mode of treatment is needed to control cancer development and progression. some medicinal plants offer a safe, effec ...201425705153
comparative anti-inflammatory effects of anti-arthritic herbal medicines and ibuprofen.non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), such as ibuprofen, are widely used over-the-counter drugs to treat arthritis, but they are often associated with side effects. herbal medicines have been used to treat various diseases such as arthritis, but the scientific profiles are not well understood. in this study, we examined, in comparison with ibuprofen, the inhibitory effects on various inflammatory markers of the most commonly used herbal medicines to treat arthritis, boswellia (boswelli ...201425918809
feeding deterrence of cabbage looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae) by 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, alone and blended with neem extract.the cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is one of the most damaging insect pests of cabbage (brassica oleracea variety capitata) and broccoli (b. oleracea variety italica) in north america. leaf-feeding larvae attack crucifer and vegetable crops in greenhouses and fields. here, we have studied a synthetic feeding deterrent, 1-allyloxy-4-propoxybenzene, and a botanical deterrent, neem (an extract from seeds of azadirachta indica a. de jussieu (meliaceae)), in leaf d ...201426470077
efficacy and insecticidal properties of some essential oils against caryedon serratus (oliver)-a storage pest of groundnut.during storage groundnut is attacked by number of stored grain pest and management of these insect pests particularly bruchid beetle, caryedon serratus (oliver) is of prime importance as they directly damage the pod and kernels. hence, some essential oils were tested for their insecticidal and fungicidal properties. highest total bruchid mortality was recorded with the application of neem oil and pongamia oil at 10% (v/w) concentration and lowest in eucalyptus oil at 5% (v/w). number of eggs lai ...201426396354
a comparative study on the decomposition of edible and non-edible oil cakes in the gangetic alluvial soil of west bengal.an experiment has been conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of decomposition of two edible oil cakes, viz. mustard cake (brassica juncea l) and groundnut cake (arachis hypogaea l), and two non-edible oil cakes, viz. mahua cake (madhuca indica gmel) and neem cake (azadirachta indica juss), at the rate of 5.0 t ha(-1) on the changes of microbial growth and activities in relation to transformations and availability of some plant nutrients in the gangetic alluvial (typic h ...201424733437
storage behavior of mango as affected by post harvest application of plant extracts and storage conditions.the use of plant extracts could be a useful alternative to synthetic fungicides in the post harvest handling of fruits and vegetables. the aim of this study was to access the efficacy of extracts obtained from four plants (neem, pongamia, custard apple leaf and marigold flowers) on the extension of shelf life of mango fruits cv. dashehri under two storage conditions (cool store and ambient condition). the fruits were treated with 2 concentrations of each plant extracts (10 % and 20 %) were place ...201425328189
field evaluation of a botanical formulation from the milky mangrove excoecaria agallocha l. against helicoverpa armigera hübner. in abelmoschus esculentus (lady's finger) and cajanus cajan (pigeon pea).to evaluate a formulation from the milky mangrove tree excoecaria agallocha l. (e. agallocha) against helicoverpa armigera hubner (h. armigera).201425312115
an ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the village peoples of thoppampatti, dindigul district, tamilnadu, india.this study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medicinal plants in the thoppampatti village, dindigul district, tamilnadu, india. there is urgency in recording such data to conserve the traditional medicinal plants. this is the first ethnobotanical study which records the traditional important medicinal plants of thoppampatti village. to collect, analyze and evaluate the ethnopharmacologic knowledge in thoppampatti village in order to prote ...201424583241
shedding light on bioactivity of botanical by-products: neem cake compounds deter oviposition of the arbovirus vector aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in the field.industrial plant-borne by-products can be sources of low-cost chemicals, potentially useful to build eco-friendly control strategies against mosquitoes. neem cake is a cheap by-product of neem oil extraction obtained by pressing the seeds of azadirachta indica. neem products are widely used as insecticides since rarely induce resistance because their multiple mode of action against insect pests and low-toxicity rates have been detected against vertebrates. in this research, we used field bioassa ...201424337544
[nutrient accumulation and cycling in pure and mixed plantations of azadirachta indica and acacia auriculiformis in a dry-hot valley, yunnan province, southwest china].to ease the implementation of effective nutrient management for plantations with different vegetation restoration patterns and to assist in the selection of appropriate species and forestation patterns, nutrient (n, p, k, ca and mg) accumulation and cycling were investigated and compared in three plantations (10-year-old azadirachta indica, acacia auriculiformis and mixed a. indica--a. auriculiformis plantations) in yuanmou valley, a dry-hot valley of yunnan province, southwestern china. the res ...201425345036
antibacterial activity of aqueous extracts of indian chewing sticks on dental plaque: an in vitro study.the anti-microbial efficacy of aqueous extracts of indian chewing sticks against different kinds of plaque bacteria in vitro was investigated. supra-gingival plaque is cultured and subjected to the antibacterial activity of the aqueous extracts of chewing sticks (neem, acacia, pongamia glabra, achyranthes aspera, streblus asper) separately. the results of the study demonstrate that all the five chewing sticks under study possess inhibitory potential against bacteria present in dental plaque main ...201425210357
studies on repellent activity of seed oils alone and in combination on mosquito, aedes aegypti.the study was undertaken to investigate the relative repellency of pongamia pinnata and azadirachta indica seed oils on vector mosquito, aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. the repellents were formulated into 3 groups: seed oils, their mixture and combination of seed oils with three carrier oils viz. olive, mustard and coconut oil. different formulations of each oil were tested at the concentrations of 1% and 5% on human baits. efficiency was assessed, based on the total protection time; ...201425204067
acaricidal effect of herbal extracts against cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus using in vitro studies.the crude methanolic extract of datura stramonium, azadirachta indica, and calotropis procera leaves, allium sativum (as) cloves, and carica papaya (cp) seeds collected from banaskanta, gujarat (india) was tested for its acaricidal properties against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. the percent adult mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching of laid ova, and percentage larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 ...201424633906
ethnomedicinal plants used to treat skin diseases by tharu community of district udham singh nagar, uttarakhand, india.tharu community is the largest primitive indigenous community of the uttarakhand, india. in this article we have scientifically enumerated medicinal plants and herbal preparations used by the tharu community to treat various skin diseases, and discussed dermatological properties of these plants in the light of previous ethnomedicinal, microbiological, pharmacological, toxicological, phytochemical and clinical studies.201425448505
useful ethnophytomedicinal recipes of angiosperms used against diabetes in south east asian countries (india, pakistan & sri lanka).this paper is based on data recorded from various literatures pertaining to ethnophytomedicinal recipes used against diabetes in south east asia (india, pakistan and srilanka). traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. in total 419 useful phytorecipes of 270 plant species belonging to 74 angiospermic families were collected. from the review it was revealed that plants showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belong to the families, cucurb ...201425176368
effect of azadirachta indica (neem) and aloe vera as compared to subantimicrobial dose doxycycline on matrix metalloproteinases (mmp)-2 and mmp-9: an in-vitro study.a critical outcome of periodontal diseases is degradation of collagen in the periodontal tissues, by enzymes such as matrix metallo-proteinases (mmps). doxycycline is known to down-regulate the activity of mmps. azadirachta indica (neem) and aloe vera are herbs known to have an anti-inflammatory effect. the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of neem and aloe vera by way of its inhibitory effect on mmp-2 and mmp-9 activity in cases of chronic periodontitis and com ...201425364206
silver nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology.green synthesis technology is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps). there are bioactive compounds with enormous potential in azadirachta indica (neem). the extraordinary mosquitoes warrant nanotechnology to integrate with novel molecules. this will be sustainable technology for future. here, we synthesized agnps using aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of az. indica (neem). we tested agnps as larvicides, pupicides and adulticides against t ...201425132567
effect of traditionally used neem and babool chewing stick (datun) on streptococcus mutans: an in-vitro study.there are various plants, which are used as chewing sticks in different parts of the world. several studies have been reported on the antimicrobial effects of chewing sticks on oral bacteria. this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of traditionally used neem and babool chewing sticks (datun) extracts on streptococcus mutans.201425177629
yield loss assessment due to alternaria blight and its management in linseed.field experiments were conducted during 2010-11 and 2011-12 to assess the yield losses due to alternaria blight disease caused by alternaria lini and a. linicola in recently released cultivars and their management with the integration of trichoderma viride, fungicides and plant extract. disease severity on leaves varied from 41.07% (parvati) to 65.01% (chambal) while bud damage per cent ranged between 23.56% (shekhar) to 46.12% (t-397), respectively in different cultivars. maximum yield loss of ...201425911838
ethnobotanical and antimicrobial study of some selected medicinal plants used in khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk) as a potential source to cure infectious diseases.present investigation deals with antimicrobial screening of ten medicinally important plants used by the inhabitants of district haripur, khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk) for different infectious diseases.201424708514
docking studies for screening anticancer compounds of azadirachta indica using saccharomyces cerevisiae as model system.plants have a long history of use in the treatment of cancer. plant-derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer agents. in the recent years, more emphasis has been placed on identifying plant-derived compounds that can be used as an effective treatment for life-threatening diseases such as cancer. cancer is a disease where there is abnormal cell proliferation. the proliferation of the cancer cells are restrained by cdk/cyclin complex ...201424678207
phytoremediation of abandoned crude oil contaminated drill sites of assam with the aid of a hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial formulation.environmental deterioration due to crude oil contamination and abandoned drill sites is an ecological concern in assam. to revive such contaminated sites, afield study was conducted to phytoremediate four crude oil abandoned drill sites of assam (gelakey, amguri, lakwa, and borholla) with the aid of two hydrocarbon-degrading pseudomonas strains designated n3 and n4. all the drill sites were contaminated with 15.1 to 32.8% crude oil, and the soil was alkaline in nature (ph8.0-8.7) with low moistu ...201424933892
influence of formulation ratio of the plant components on the antimalarial properties of mama decoction.mangifera indica, alstonia boonei, morinda lucida and azadirachta indica (mama) decoction, commonly prepared and used in nigeria from 1:1:1:1 ratio of mangifera indica l. (anacardiaceae), alstonia boonei de wild (apocynaceae), morinda lucida benth (rubiaceae), and azadirachta indica a. juss (meliaceae) leaves, plus four new variants of this combination were subjected to three in vivo antimalarial test models using chloroquine-sensitive plasmodium berghei berghei to determine the most active unde ...201424658658
azadirachta indica extract-artesunic acid combination produces an increased cure rate of plasmodium berghei-infected mice.available artemisinin-combination therapies (acts) are expensive. various traditional herbal remedies for malaria involve plants, proven scientifically to have antiplasmodial effects, e.g., azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae).201424517279
in vivo antimalarial evaluation of mama decoction on plasmodium berghei in mice.the use of decoctions of different plant materials is common practice in antimalarial ethnomedicine in africa. scientific evaluation of such herbal combinations to verify the claims is important. the study has evaluated the antimalarial efficacy of mama decoction (md), a multicomponent herbal preparation and its individual plant components, namely leaves of morinda lucida benth [rubiaceae] (ml), azadirachta indica a. juss [meliaceae] (ai), alstonia boonei de wild [apocynaceae] (ab) and mangifera ...201424271081
in vitro bioactivity and antimicrobial tuning of bioactive glass nanoparticles added with neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder.silica and phosphate based bioactive glass nanoparticles (58sio2-33cao-9p2o5) with doping of neem (azadirachta indica) leaf powder and silver nanoparticles were prepared and characterised. bioactive glass nanoparticles were produced using sol-gel technique. in vitro bioactivity of the prepared samples was investigated using simulated body fluid. x-ray diffraction (xrd) pattern of prepared glass particles reveals amorphous phase and spherical morphology with a particle size of less than 50 nm. wh ...201425276834
novel-porous-ag0 nanocomposite hydrogels via green process for advanced antibacterial applications.silver nanoparticles (nps) antibacterial characteristics were depends on its particle stabilization, particles size and nucleation agent. in this study, we report on green process of porous silver nanocomposite hydrogels for advanced antibacterial applications. the porous poly(acrylamide) (pam) hydrogels were developed employing sucrose as porogenator. silver nps were nucleated with natural biomass neem (azadirachta indica) leaf extracts within the porous hydrogel networks. the formation of silv ...201424677385
antibacterial and antiviral evaluation of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride: a glycolipid isolated from azadirachta indica leaves.assessment of antibacterial as well as antiherpes virus activity of sulfonoquinovosyldiacylglyceride (sqdg), a glycolipid, isolated from the leaves of azadirachta indica has been described. antimicrobial activity was evaluated against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and herpes simplex virus. sqdg showed significant inhibitory activity against salmonella typhi and two isolates of shigella dysenteriae with mic values 32 μg ml(-1) , while three isolates of salm. typhi, escherichia coli and vi ...201424118020
the antimicrobial activity of azadirachta indica, mimusops elengi, tinospora cardifolia, ocimum sanctum and 2% chlorhexidine gluconate on common endodontic pathogens: an in vitro study.to check the antimicrobial activity of azadirachta indica (neem), ocimum sanctum (tulsi), mimusops elelngi (bakul), tinospora cardifolia (giloy) and chlorhexidine gluconate (chx) on common endodontic pathogens like streptococcus mutans, enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus.201424966766
cytotoxic and melanogenesis-inhibitory activities of limonoids from the leaves of azadirachta indica (neem).seventeen limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids), 1-17, including three new compounds, i.e., 17-defurano-17-(2,5-dihydro-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-28-deoxonimbolide (14), 17-defurano-17-(2ξ-2,5-dihydro-2-hydroxy-5-oxofuran-3-yl)-28-deoxonimbolide (15), and 17-defurano-17-(5ξ-2,5-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-oxofuran-3-yl)-2',3'-dehydrosalannol (17), were isolated from an etoh extract of the leaf of neem (azadirachta indica). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic an ...201424634075
guaiane sesquiterpenes and isopimarane diterpenes from an endophytic fungus xylaria sp.nine oxygenated guaiane-type sesquiterpenes and three isopimarane diterpenes were isolated from the culture broth of an endophytic fungus, xylaria sp. ym 311647, obtained from azadirachta indica. the structures of these compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. the absolute configurations of two of these were confirmed by x-ray crystallographic analysis. all of the compounds were tested for their antifungal activities against five pathogenic fungal cells. the results sho ...201424890390
in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial effect of miswak against common oral pathogens.miswak is a natural tooth cleaning tool which is being used in many parts of the world since ancient times. it is known to be useful in prevention of dental caries. but still it is not used as frequently as other oral hygiene tools. this research was designed to scientifically establish antimicrobial effect of miswak in vitro against common oral pathogens.201424772151
cyclonerol derivatives from trichoderma longibrachiatum ym311505.a new sesquiterpene, 10,11-dihydrocyclonerotriol (1), together with two known compounds, catenioblin c (2) and sohirnone a (3), were isolated from trichoderma longibrachiatum ym311505, an endophytic fungus of azadirachta indica. their structures were characterized and identified by spectral analysis. compounds 1-3 exhibited antifungal activities against pyricularia oryzae and candida albicans.201424689203
ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica (a. juss.) causing apoptosis by ros upregulation in dirofilaria immitis microfilaria.dirofilaria immitis is the causative agent of cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in the canine family. the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of azadirachta indica leaves (eea) against the microfilaria (mf) of d. immitis in vitro. eea was evaluated for different compound classes through hptlc. relative motility, mortality and morphological alterations were observed in the mf after exposure to eea. the effect of eea on redox status in the treated mf was evaluated b ...201425092478
osmoregulatory and tegumental ultrastructural damages to protoscoleces of hydatid cysts echinococcus granulosus induced by fungal endophytes.characteristic ultrastructural changes were observed when protoscoleces of hydatid cysts echinococcus granulosus was treated with extract of endophytic fungi eupenicillium and chaetomium sp. isolated from azadirachta indica and piper longum plants respectively. a sharp decrease in viability of protoscoleces was observed after 6 h of incubation with fungal extracts. the ultrastructural changes included rosteller disorganization, loss of hooks and shedding of the microtriches of scolex region. the ...201425320499
effect of elicitors and precursors on azadirachtin production in hairy root culture of azadirachta indica.the present study involved strategies for enhancement in in vitro azadirachtin (commercially used biopesticide) production by hairy root cultivation of azadirachta indica. improvement in the azadirachtin production via triggering its biosynthetic pathway in plant cells was carried out by the exogenous addition of precursors and elicitors in the growth medium. among the different abiotic stress inducers (ag(+), hg(+2), co(+2), cu(+2)) and signal molecules (methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) tes ...201424357500
screening the antifungal activity of essential oils against decay fungi from palmyrah leaf handicrafts.the whitish tender leaves of palmyrah are used for making handicrafts. the problem with these articles is discolouration with time and become more brittle due to fungal attack. this could be prevented by some protective coating. instead of expensive and harmful chemicals we decided to test natural plant essential oils to control fungal attack. palmyrah leaf article decay fungi were isolated from two different sites of jaffna peninsula. in this investigation antifungal activity of different plant ...201425287894
present and future potential of plant-derived products to control arthropods of veterinary and medical significance.the use of synthetic pesticides and repellents to target pests of veterinary and medical significance is becoming increasingly problematic. one alternative approach employs the bioactive attributes of plant-derived products (pdps). these are particularly attractive on the grounds of low mammalian toxicity, short environmental persistence and complex chemistries that should limit development of pest resistance against them.several pesticides and repellents based on pdps are already available, and ...201424428899
laboratory and field efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi for the management of the sweetpotato weevil, cylas formicarius (coleoptera: brentidae).the sweetpotato weevil, cylas formicarius (f.) (coleoptera: brentidae), is one of the most important pests of sweet potatoes in the world. with free trade between the united states and the u.s.-controlled mariana islands, c. formicarius has spread along with this commodity. because of the cryptic nature of the larvae and nocturnal activity of the adults, and the cancellation of long-residual pesticides, this pest has become increasingly difficult to control. therefore, the present study sought t ...201425111763
sustainable management tactics for control of phyllotreta cruciferae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) on canola in montana.the crucifer flea beetle, phyllotreta cruciferae (goeze) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), has recently emerged as a serious pest of canola (brassica napus l.) in montana. the adult beetles feed on canola leaves, causing many small holes that stunt growth and reduce yield. in 2013, damage to canola seedlings was high (approximately 80%) in many parts of montana, evidence that when flea beetles emerge in large numbers, they can quickly destroy a young canola crop. in the current study, the effectivene ...201424772547
anti-mosquito plants as an alternative or incremental method for malaria vector control among rural communities of bagamoyo district, tanzania.plants represent one of the most accessible resources available for mosquito control by communities in tanzania. however, no documented statistics exist for their contribution in the management of mosquitoes and other insects except through verbal and some publications. this study aimed at assessing communities' knowledge, attitudes and practices of using plants as an alternative method for mosquito control among selected communities in a malaria-prone area in tanzania.201425015092
transmission blocking activity of azadirachta indica and guiera senegalensis extracts on the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum field isolates in anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes.targeting the stages of the malaria parasites responsible for transmission from the human host to the mosquito vector is a key pharmacological strategy for malaria control. research efforts to identify compounds that are active against these stages have significantly increased in recent years. however, at present, only two drugs are available, namely primaquine and artesunate, which reportedly act on late stage gametocytes.201424735564
sequence determination of a novel tripeptide isolated from the young leaves of azadirachta indica a. juss.the neem tree has long been recognized for its unique properties, both against insects and in improving human health. every part of the tree has been used as a traditional medicine for household remedy against various human ailments, from antiquity. although the occurrence of various phytochemicals in neem has been studied, we have identified the presence of a novel tripeptide in the young leaves of neem using a simple and inexpensive paper chromatographic method, detected by cu(ii)-ninhydrin re ...201323509470
in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 21 indian timber-yielding plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection.to screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa).201324524024
neem (azadirachta indica): prehistory to contemporary medicinal uses to humankind.the divine tree neem (azadirachta indica) is mainly cultivated in the indian subcontinent. neem has been used extensively by humankind to treat various ailments before the availability of written records which recorded the beginning of history. the world health organization estimates that 80% of the population living in the developing countries relies exclusively on traditional medicine for their primary health care. more than half of the world's population still relies entirely on plants for me ...201323835719
neem leaf poisoning. 20133837008
antimicrobial activity of a neem cake extract in a broth model meat system.this work reports on the antimicrobial activity of an ethyl acetate extract of neem (azadirachta indica) cake (nce) against bacteria affecting the quality of retail fresh meat in a broth model meat system. nce (100 µg) was also tested by the agar disc diffusion method. it inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms. the nce growth inhibition zone (iz) ranged 11.33-22.67 mm while the ciprofloxacin (10 µg) iz ranged from 23.41-32.67 mm. there was no significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between ...201323917814
evaluating the antimicrobial activity of commercially available herbal toothpastes on microorganisms associated with diabetes mellitus.the present study was conducted to evaluate the effcacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens.201324685799
anticestodal activity of endophytic pestalotiopsis sp. on protoscoleces of hydatid cyst echinococcus granulosus.surgery is still the main treatment in hydatidosis caused by echinococcus, which is a global health problem in human and animals. so, there is need for some natural protoscolicidal agents for instillation to prevent their reoccurrence at therapeutic doses. in this present investigation, anticestodal activity of one of the endophytic fungi pestalotiopsis sp. from neem plant was observed on protoscoleces of hydatid cysts of echinococcus granulosus. viability of protoscoleces was confirmed by 0.1% ...201324063003
antimicrobial activity of essential oils and five terpenoid compounds against campylobacter jejuni in pure and mixed culture experiments.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of three essential oils (eos: tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and leptospermum oil), five terpenoid compounds (α-bisabolol, α-terpinene, cineole, nerolidol and terpinen-4-ol) and polyphenol against two strains of campylobacter jejuni (acm 3393 and the poultry isolate c338), campylobacter coli and other gram negative and gram positive bacteria. different formulations of neem oil (azadirachta indica) with these compounds were also tes ...201324041998
comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of propolis, morinda citrifolia, azadirachta indica (neem) and 5% sodium hypochlorite on candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate: an in-vitro study.endodontic infections are polymicrobial in nature. candida albicans is the most common fungus isolated from failed endodontic cases. the constant increase in antibiotic resistant strains and side-effects caused by synthetic drugs has prompted researchers to look for herbal alternatives such as propolis, morinda citrifolia and azadirachta indica (neem) etc., since, the gold standard for irrigation, i.e., sodium hypochlorite has many disadvantages.201324347888
in vitro evaluation of five different herbal extracts as an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant but it has disadvantage like high cytotoxicity. so there is a need to find an alternative to 5.25% sodium hypochlorite against microorganism enterococcus faecalis and candida albicans. literature has shown that these 5 extracts namely terminalia chebula, myristica frangrans, aloe barbadensis, curcuma longa and azadaricta indica has good properties which can be used as a potential endodontic irrigant.201323716972
antimicrobial efficacy of endodontic irrigants from azadirachta indica: an in vitro study.this study analyzed the antimicrobial effect of five irrigants formulated from different parts of the tree azadirachta indica (neem) and compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate through an agar diffusion test.201323638768
protective effect of azadirachta indica extract against eimeria papillata-induced coccidiosis.coccidiosis in poultry is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus eimeria, which is responsible for worldwide economic losses. the methanolic extract of azadirachta indica (neem) leaves was used in vivo for its pharmacological, antioxidant, and anticoccidial properties. four groups of mice were investigated. the first group was inoculated only with sterile saline and served as the control group. the second group was treated by oral gavage with neem extract (500 mg/kg) daily for 4 days. the th ...201322972359
comparison of the antibacterial efficiency of neem leaf extracts, grape seed extracts and 3% sodium hypochlorite against e. feacalis - an in vitro study.e. faecalis is the predominant micro-organism recovered from root canal of the teeth where previous endodontic treatment has failed. thorough debridement and complete elimination of micro-organisms are objectives of an effective endodontic treatment. for many years, intracanal irrigants have been used as an adjunct to enhance antimicrobial effect of cleaning and shaping in endodontics. the constant increase in antibiotic-resistant strains and side-effects of synthetic drugs has promoted research ...201324453446
influence of various herbal irrigants as a final rinse on the adherence of enterococcus faecalis by fluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope.the aim of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of three different herbal irrigants against enterococcus faecalis.201323956540
omani propolis: chemical profiling, antibacterial activity and new propolis plant sources.propolis (bee glue) is a resinous honeybee product having a long history of application in many countries as a traditional remedy for treating wounds, burns, soar throat, stomach disorders, etc. it has been proved to possess beneficial biological effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antiulcer, and many others. bees gather propolis from diverse resinous plant parts and in different phytogeographic regions its chemical composition might vary significantly. i ...201324053750
iota-carrageenan-based biodegradable ag0 nanocomposite hydrogels for the inactivation of bacteria.in this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of iota-carrageenan based on a novel biodegradable silver nanocomposite hydrogels. the aim of study was to investigate whether these hydrogels have the potential to be used in bacterial inactivation applications. biodegradable silver nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by a green process using acrylamide (am) with i-carrageenan (ic). the silver nanoparticles were prepared as silver colloid by reducing agno3 with leaf extracts of azadi ...201323618258
differently environment stable bio-silver nanoparticles: study on their optical enhancing and antibacterial properties.generally, limited research is extended in studying stability and applicational properties of silver nanoparticles (ag nps) synthesized by adopting 'green chemistry' protocol. in this work, we report on the synthesis of stable ag nps using plant-derived materials such as leaf extract of neem (azadirachta indica) and biopolymer pectin from apple peel. in addition, the applicational properties of ag nps such as surface-enhanced raman scattering (sers) and antibacterial efficiencies were also inves ...201324130832
sensitivity of two in vitro assays for evaluating plant activity against the infective stage of haemonchus contortus strains.the sensitivity of larval paralysis assay (lpa) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide-formazan (mtt-formazan) assay was compared to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of plant extracts. in this study, the methanolic extract of azadirachta indica (neem) was evaluated for its activity against the infective-stage larvae (l(3)) of susceptible and resistant haemonchus contortus strains using the two aforementioned assays. in both in vitro assays, the same serial concentrat ...201322961237
azadirachta indica ethanolic extract protects neurons from apoptosis and mitigates brain swelling in experimental cerebral malaria.cerebral malaria is a rapidly developing encephalopathy caused by the apicomplexan parasite plasmodium falciparum. drugs currently in use are associated with poor outcome in an increasing number of cases and new drugs are urgently needed. the potential of the medicinal plant azadirachta indica (neem) for the treatment of experimental cerebral malaria was evaluated in mice.201323984986
brine shrimp toxicity and antimalarial activity of some plants traditionally used in treatment of malaria in msambweni district of kenya.in kenya, most people especially in rural areas use traditional medicine and medicinal plants to treat many diseases including malaria. malaria is of national concern in kenya, in view of development of resistant strains of plasmodium falciparum to drugs especially chloroquine, which had been effective and affordable. there is need for alternative and affordable therapy. many antimalarial drugs have been derived from medicinal plants and this is evident from the reported antiplasmodial activity.201323791809
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