Publications

evaluation of various control agents against mosquito larvae in rice paddies in taiwan.	a field test was conducted in rice paddies adjacent to wufeng, taichung county in central taiwan to evaluate the efficacy of control agents against mosquito larvae. the agents included bacillus thuringienesis israelensis (bti), two lagenidium giganteum products (lg product a and t), and temephos. the major mosquito species found in the rice paddies were culex tritaeniorhynchus/vishnui and anopheles sinensis. compared to controls, a 7-day treatment with bti or lg products a and t caused overall r ...	2005	16007966
identification and characterization of larval and adult anopheline mosquito habitats in the republic of korea: potential use of remotely sensed data to estimate mosquito distributions.	plasmodium vivax malaria reemerged in the republic of korea in 1993, with more than 2,000 cases reported in the northwestern part of the country over the last 10 years. to better assess the risk of malaria transmission we conducted a surveillance study to identify and characterize the habitats that produce potential anopheles vector mosquitoes. immature and adult mosquito collection data were incorporated into a geographic information system (gis) along with remotely sensed satellite imagery, an ...	2005	16011809
studies on anopheles sinensis, the vector species of vivax malaria in korea.	extensive previous studies on taxonomy, behavior/bionomics and control of anopheles sinensis are reviewed and summarized. recent molecular identification revealed that the population of an. sinensis complex includes an. sinensis, an. pullus, an. lesteri and at least two new species, and an. yatsushiroensis is synonmy of an. pullus. an. sinensis is the main vector species of vivax malaria in korea. larvae of an. sinensis breed in wide range of habitats which are naturally-made clean water, stagna ...	2005	16192749
evaluation of anti-malarial effects of mass chemoprophylaxis in the republic of korea army.	vivax malaria was endemic on the korean peninsula for many centuries until the late 1970's when the republic of korea (rok) was declared "malaria free". since its re-emergence in 1993, the number of malaria cases in the military increased exponentially through 2000 near the demilitarized zone. chemoprophylaxis with chloroquine and primaquine has been used in the rok army since 1997 in an attempt to reduce the number of the malaria cases throughout the rok. data show that chemoprophylaxis contrib ...	2005	16224140
seasonal population density and daily survival of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in a malaria endemic area, republic of korea.	mosquito surveillance was conducted near the korean demilitarized zone (paju county, gyeonggi province) from april to october, 1999, where malaria cases were reported. adult mosquito surveillance, using black light and cdc uv light traps, was conducted at five and two sites, respectively. weekly larval collections were made at five rice paddies located adjacent to the adult collection sites. anopheles sinensis was the most abundant mosquito of 11 species collected throughout the surveillance per ...	2005	16007953
[cloning and prokaryotic expression of anopheles sinensis defensin gene and preliminary bioactivity evaluation of the recombinant product].	to clone the defensin gene of anopheles sinensis for its prokaryotic expression and preliminary bioactivity evaluation of the recombinant protein.	2005	15837630
reproductive isolation between anopheles sinensis and anopheles pullus in korea.	anopheles sinensis and an. pullus, the 2 predominant anopheline mosquito species in korea, are major malaria vectors. their morphological similarity makes them difficult to distinguish, and their taxonomic relationship remains unclear. kanda and oguma produced fertile f1 an. sinensis x an. pullus hybrids, suggesting a conspecific relationship. however, our recent internal transcribed spacer 2 dna sequence comparison of these taxa revealed 32.9% divergence, suggesting that an. sinensis and an. pu ...	2005	16033116
molecular identification of the malaria vectors anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae) in central china using polymerase chain reaction and appraisal of their position within the hyrcanus group.	in central china, anopheles anthropophagus is considered the primary malaria vector and anopheles sinensis is a secondary vector. identification of these two cryptic species would facilitate studies on malaria transmission and the application of control measures. at present, the only reliable morphological markers occur in the egg stage, making this approach impractical for any large scale field studies. in this study, we report on the development of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction ...	2004	14989340
immune responses to mosquito saliva in 14 individuals with acute systemic allergic reactions to mosquito bites.	mosquito bite-induced acute systemic allergic reactions are an increasing clinical concern and have not been optimally characterized immunologically.	2004	15536430
[malaria situation in the people's republic of china in 2002].	this summary was made on the basis of the annual reports of malaria control from the professional institutions in the 21 provinces/municipality/autonomous region (p/m/a). the number of malaria cases reported in the country was 35,298 in the year 2002 and the incidence rate was 0.348/10,000, an increase of 68.2% than that of the last year and the largest increase since 1994. the total number of suspected cases was 136,902, and the death toll due to malaria was 42. based on the numbers of malaria ...	2003	14628361
outbreak of vivax malaria in areas adjacent to the demilitarized zone, south korea, 1998.	malaria had been eradicated in the republic of korea (south korea) by the late 1970s. in 1993, a soldier was infected with plasmodium vivax malaria in the demilitarized zone (dmz; the border area between north and south korea), and since then, the number of cases has been steadily increasing year after year. in 1998, 3,932 vivax malaria cases were microscopically confirmed, affecting 2,784 (70.8%) soldiers (including discharged soldiers) and 1,148 (29.2%) civilians. these cases occurred througho ...	2002	12135260
intraspecific hybridization of anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae) strains from thailand and korea.	anopheles (anopheles) sinensis [wiedemann (1828)] is a member of the hyrcanus species group, and it has been incriminated as the natural or experimental malaria vectors in the republic of korea, japan, china, and indonesia. in thailand, however, an. sinensis seems to be of little medical importance. hybridization tests among the three iso-female lines (isolines) of an. sinensis [i.e., form a (x, y1) and form b (x, y2) (thailand strain), and form b (x, y2) (korean strain)] were established based ...	2002	12442891
evaluation of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from the republic of korea for plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein.	as part of an on-going malaria surveillance effort conducted by the u.s. forces korea, republic of korea (rok), a total of 28,286 anopheline mosquitoes was tested for the presence of plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite (cs) protein. mosquitoes were collected (using a variety of light and baited traps) from 29 locations throughout the rok (the majority were collected near the de-militarized zone), identified to species, and tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the presence of p. vivax 21 ...	2002	11931266
vector competence of anopheles lesteri baisas and hu (diptera: culicidae) to plasmodium vivax in korea.	three anopheline mosquitoes in korea were studied for their abilities as vectors for plasmodium vivax. the female mosquitoes of anopheles lesteri, an. pullus and an. sinensis were allowed to suck malaria patient blood until fully fed, and they were then bred for 2 weeks to develop from malaria parasites to sporozoites. the result from the above confirmed the sporozoites in one an. lesteri of one individual and five an. sinensis of six individuals. we also confirmed that an. sinensis was the main ...	2002	11949212
late season commercial mosquito trap and host seeking activity evaluation against mosquitoes in a malarious area of the republic of korea.	field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 september 2000 in a malarious area near paekyeon-ri (tongil-chon) and camp greaves in paju county, kyonggi province, republic of korea. the host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of japanese encephalitis, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and ...	2002	11949213
detection of vivax malaria sporozoites naturally infected in anopheline mosquitoes from endemic areas of northern parts of gyeonggi-do (province) in korea.	we investigated population densities of mosquitoes infected with sporozoites in three highly epidemic areas of josan-ri and jangpa-ri (paju city) and dongjung-ri (yeoncheon county) in korea. anopheline mosquitoes were collected from both indoors and outdoors by human baiting collection method during the period of the first week of june to the second week of september 1999. total 13,296 female mosquitoes were collected and 8,650 (65.1%) were anophelines. thirty seven percent (3,199) of the anophe ...	2002	12073732
molecular divergence of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene in three mosquitoes.	the cytochrome oxidase ii (coii) genes in the mitochondrial dna of 3 mosquito species (anopheles sinensis, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus) were amplified and sequenced. both the gene order and direction of transcription were identical to those of other species of anopheles, aedes, and culex. the polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments in these mosquitoes were approximately 700 base pairs and the nucleotide sequences exhibited more than 82% similarity, whereas amino acids were ...	2002	12542187
cloning and sequence analysis of mosquito defensin genes.	to clone the defensin genes from the chinese main mosquito vectors and conduct sequnce analysis.	2002	12297467
environmental factors associated with larval habitats of malaria vectors in northern kyunggi province, republic of korea.	the larval habitats of malaria vectors near the demilitarized zone of the republic of korea (rok) were sampled from june through september 2000 to determine larval abundance and to identify environmental factors associated with high larval density. six primary habitats were identified: rice fields, irrigation ditches, drainage ditches, stream pools, irrigation pools, and marshes. most habitats harbored similar densities of larvae until august and september, when population densities in rice fiel ...	2002	12322939
intragenomic length variation of the ribosomal dna intergenic spacer in a malaria vector, anopheles sinensis.	we determined the complete sequences of six size variants of intergenic spacer (igs) region from one individual of the malaria vector mosquito species, anopheles sinensis. all six size variants observed in this study show almost the same basic primary structure in which three repeat regions (a, b, and c) are interspersed by highly conserved nonrepeating sections. in contrast to the well-ordered subrepeating patterns found in a and c, the repeat region b displays extremely variable and complicate ...	2002	12243346
habitat size: a factor determining the opportunity for encounters between mosquito larvae and aquatic predators.	occurrence patterns of mosquito immatures and insect predators in containers of various sizes were surveyed in summer (june-july) and autumn (september) of 1998 in a rural area of saga, southwestern japan. mosquitoes were categorized into three types in relation to habitat size. first, aedes (stegomyia) spp. and tripteroides bambusa occurred mostly in small containers of < 0.1 m2. second, ae. japonicus and culex kyotoensis occurred in larger container sizes, compared with the first group. third, ...	2002	12125876
[cloning and sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase ii(coii) gene of three species of mosquitoes].	to determine and compare the complete sequence of coii gene from anopheles sinensis, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus and to identify the molecular homology among these mosquitoes.	2001	12571993
one-step pcr amplification of complete arthropod mitochondrial genomes.	a new pcr primer set which enables one-step amplification of complete arthropod mitochondrial genomes was designed from two conserved 16s rdna regions for the long pcr technique. for this purpose, partial 16s rdnas amplified with universal primers 16sa and 16sb were newly sequenced from six representative arthropods: armadillidium vulgare and macrobrachium nipponense (crustacea), anopheles sinensis (insecta), lithobius forficatus and megaphyllum sp. (myriapoda), and limulus polyphemus (chelicera ...	2001	11399145
daily survival and human blood index of anopheles sinensis, the vector species of malaria in korea.	to evaluate the vector efficiency of anopheles sinensis in transmitting vivax malaria in the northern part of gyonggi-do, south korea, daily survival and feeding host preferences were studied during the period of june-october 1999. ovaries of unfed and freshly fed an. sinensis females were dissected and parity or nulliparity were observed. the parous rates were 75.2% in july, 56.5% in august, 78.5% in september, and 60.0% in october at gusan-dong, goyang-si, gyonggi-do. the average probability o ...	2001	11345422
malaria transmission potential by anopheles sinensis in the republic of korea.	to evaluate the factors that determine the transmission level of vivax malaria using vectorial capacity, entomological surveys were conducted from june to august, 2000. from 6 nights of human-bait collection in paju, the human biting rate (ma) was counted as 87.5 bites/man/night. the parity of anopheles sinensis from human baiting collections fluctuated from 41% to 71% (average 48.8%) of which the rate gradually increased as time passed on: 35.2% in jun.; 55.0% in july; 66.2% in aug. from this p ...	2001	11441506
experimental infection of anopheles sinensis with korean isolates of plasmodium vivax.	the objectives of the present study were to (1) determine the susceptibility of anopheles sinensis to korean isolates of plasmodium vivax, (2) establish a method to collect large quantities of p. vivax sporozoites for use as antigen in seroepidemiological studies, and (3) investigate the characteristics of korean isolates of p. vivax sporozoites. females of anopheles sinensis were collected at non-epidemic area, seokwha-ri, cheongwon-gun and chungcheongbuk-do using tent-trap methods coupled with ...	2001	11441505
indoor thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, using portable sprayer against vector mosquitoes in the tropical environment.	indoor bioefficacy of the thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a formulation containing both knockdown and killing agents (active ingredient [ai]: d-tetramethrin 4% [w/w] and cyphenothrin 12% [w/w]) was compared with resigen5 (ai: s-bioallethrin 0.8% [w/w], permethrin 125/75] 18.7% [w/w], and piperonyl butoxide 16.8% [w/w]), another pyrethroid formulation, as larvicides and adulticides against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles sinensis, and culex quinquefasciatus using a port ...	2001	11345415
[studies on detecting brugia malayi larva in mosquitoes by polymerase chain reaction].	to establish a specific, sensitive and simple assay for the detection of brugia malayi larva in anopheles sinensis.	2001	12571998
light, carbon dioxide, and octenol-baited mosquito trap and host-seeking activity evaluations for mosquitoes in a malarious area of the republic of korea.	two field trials for commercially available and experimental mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, octenol, or combinations of these were evaluated in a malarious area at paekyeon-ri near tongil-chon (village) and camp greaves, paju county, kyonggi province, republic of korea. the host-seeking activity for common mosquito species was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human- and propane lantern-baited shannon trap. the total number of mosquitoes and number ...	2001	14529088
a sensitive and rapid assay for homologous recombination in mosquito cells: impact of vector topology and implications for gene targeting.	recent progress in insect transgenesis has been dramatic but existing transposon-based approaches are constrained by position effects and potential instability. gene targeting would bring a number of benefits, however progress requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved. much can be learned in vitro since extrachromosomal recombination occurs at high frequency, facilitating the study of multiple events and the impact of structural changes among the recombining molecules. we have i ...	2001	11801182
[survey of susceptibility of anopheline vectors to insecticides in a malaria mesoendemic area, hubei province].	to determine the susceptibility of anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis to deltamethrin and ddt in an area where different counter-measures had been adopted.	2000	12567689
mosquito surveillance in the demilitarized zone, republic of korea, during an outbreak of plasmodium vivax malaria in 1996 and 1997.	since 1993, more than 2,000 cases of vivax malaria have occurred in the republic of korea in an epidemic that ended nearly 20 malaria-free years. most malaria has occurred in the northwestern part of the country, mainly affecting korean military personnel. as a part of an operational surveillance effort, we sampled mosquitoes in and near the demilitarized zone (paju county, kyonggi province) during the last 2 wk of july in 1996 and from may 15 to september 10 in 1997. the 1st year, landing colle ...	2000	10901633
[malaria situation in the people's republic of china in 1999].	although the middle and lower reaches of changjiang river were consecutively stricken by severe flood in 1998 and 1999, the transmission of malaria was not frequent and prevalence of the disease was basically stable with no reports of outbreaks in the above areas, which was attributed to the intensification of malaria surveillance, prompt implementation of integrated measures including mosquito control and chemoprophylaxis, as well as the zoophilous trend of anopheles sinensis, the vector in the ...	2000	12567683
resistance and response to selection to deltamethrin in anopheles sinensis from zhejiang, china.	resistance levels to deltamethrin were measured in 5 natural populations of anopheles sinensis. the median lethal concentrations (lc50s) of deltamethrin in these populations were higher than those in susceptible strains originating from the same populations, especially in the wenzhou population, which had a resistance ratio (rr50) of 11 relative to its susceptible strain. resistant strains were selected with deltamethrin for 12 generations. resistance levels in resistant strains were 130 to 190- ...	2000	10757484
[laboratory rearing technique of anopheles sinensis].		1999	12563751
re-emerging plasmodium vivax malaria in the republic of korea.	plasmodium vivax malaria, which was highly prevalent in the republic of korea, disappeared rapidly since 1970s. however, malaria re-emerged with the first occurrence of a patient in 1993 near the demilitarized zone (dmz), the border between south korea and north korea. thereafter, the number of cases increased exponentially year after year, totaling 6,142 cases (6,249 if united states army personnels were included) by the end of 1998. interestingly enough, the majority of cases (3,743; 61%) was ...	1999	10507220
resistance to two pyrethroids in anopheles sinensis from zhejiang, china.	probabilities of pyrethroid resistant genotypes in natural populations of anopheles sinensis wiedemann were measured with deltamethrin and permethrin. the median lethal concentrations (lc50s) of deltamethrin and permethrin in the susceptible larval population were 0.0209 and 0.1747 ppm, respectively. under dosages that produced 99% mortality in susceptible laboratory strains of larvae, the lethal percentage of cangnan larval field populations after 20 min of exposure was only 61.23% for deltamet ...	1999	10480120
evaluation of the malaria threat at the multipurpose range complex, yongp'yong, republic of korea.	as part of an operational effort to control the transmission of malaria after its reemergence in the republic of korea, a number of u.s. military and korean civilian health workers assessed the situation at a large training site where two cases had been transmitted. the vector mosquitoes (anopheles sinensis) probably had a limited flight range (< 1 km) in this situation based on low numbers in permanent light traps and biting collections at the billeting area compared with collections from light ...	1999	10495632
a new species of anopheles hyrcanus group from nei mongol autonomous region (diptera:culicidae).	morphology of anopheles (anopheles) hailarensis, a new species belonging to the anopheles hyrcanus group, collected from hailaer, nei mongol autonomous region, p. r. of china, is described in adult, pupal, larval and egg stages. it is closely related to anopheles sinensis wiedemann, 1828 and anopheles heiheensis ma, 1981. comparisons on adult morphology among above three species and egg morphology between the new species and anopheles sinensis are made.	1998	12078208
comparative susceptibility of two forms of anopheles sinensis wiedemann 1828 (diptera : culicidae) to infection with plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. yoelii and the determination of misleading factor for sporozoite identification.	two karyotypic forms of laboratory-raised anopheles sinensis, ie form a (xy1) and form b (xy2), were experimentally infected with various indigenous strains of plasmodium falciparum and p. vivax using an artificial membrane feeding technique, and a rodent malaria, p. yoelii, using a direct feeding technic and dissected 7-9 days and 10-15 days after feeding for oocyst and sporozoite rates, respectively. the results revealed that two forms of an. sinensis were refractory vectors for p. falciparum ...	1998	9740293
isoenzyme study and hybridization of two forms of anopheles sinensis (diptera: culicidae) in northern thailand.	the screening of ten isoenzymes of two forms of anopheles sinensis, form a and b, using electrophoretic gels revealed that est-5(96) allele was the marker in both 4th larva and adult female of an. sinensis form b, whereas it was lacking in form a. hybridization tests of the two sinensis forms were done by induced copulation. the results of crosses indicated that they were genetically compatible, providing viable progeny and completely synaptic polytene chromosomes.	1998	10772574
[observation on the susceptibility of anopheles sinensis to periodic brugia malayi microfilariae].	to explore the susceptibility of anopheles sinensis to brugia malayi microfilariae of different densities.	1998	12078219
[detection of brugia malayi larva in mosquito vector by pcr and pcr-elisa].	to develop sensitive, specific, simple assays for the detection of brugia malayi larva in mosquito vectors.	1998	12078257
resurgence of vivax malaria in henan province, china.	henan province (population, 90 million) in china has nonstable endemic malaria. after 1970 when 10.2 million cases of malaria were reported in the province, a huge control programme was undertaken, and in the mid-1980s indoor spraying and bednet impregnation with pyrethroids began. by 1992 only 318 cases were reported. in 1992 henan declared "basic elimination of malaria" and in consequence spraying and bednet impregnation ceased after 1994. subsequently, malaria broke out again in southern hena ...	1998	9744246
[observation on the infectivity of different densities of plasmodium vivax to anopheles sinensis].	to study the infectivity of different densities of p. vivax to an. sinensis.	1998	12078276
effect of two rice culture methods on the seasonal occurrence of mosquito larvae and other aquatic animals in rice fields of southwestern korea.	an ecological study has been performed on the community structures of aquatic animals and on abiotic factors in organically and conventionally-farmed rice fields at bulkyo, bosong-gun, chollanamdo during the rice growing periods between may 1995 and october 1996. the total numbers of aquatic insect taxa in these fields were 25 species, 22 families in 10 orders. in 1995 and 1996, three and then four more species of aquatic insects were collected in the organically-farmed rice fields than in conve ...	1998	9879072
field-simulated residual efficacy of betacyfluthrin against anopheles sinensis wiedemann.	the residual efficacy of a relatively new pyrethroid, betacyfluthrin was compared with ddt against anopheles sinensis wiedemann in some village houses in penang, malaysia, for a period of 30 weeks. efficacy was determined by exposing laboratory-cultured an. sinensis mosquitos to treated wall surfaces with either betacyfluthrin at 15 and 25 mg/m2 or ddt at 2,000 mg/m2 for one hour. betacyfluthrin provided a longer residual effect (up to 210 days with > 70% mortality) compared with ddt. the potent ...	1997	9322312
experimental and field studies on some biological characteristics of plasmodium vivax isolated from tropical and temperate zones of china.	to clarify some biological behaviors of plasmodium vivax including the periodical infectivity of gametocytes for mosquitoes, the prepatent period, the incubation period, the relapse patterns and their relationship.	1996	8758285
field trials of combined use of two species of mermithid nematodes to control anopheles and culex breeding in china.	the field tests of combined use of romanomermis yunanensis 2000-3000 larvae per sq m and romanomermis sp 1000-2000 larvae per sq m in rice fields. ponds and streams in four cities of china, resulted in 60.8-95.5% parasitism in culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. quinquefasciatus, anopheles sinensis and an. anthropophagus. this successful use of two species of romanomermis together not only curb mosquito nuisance it also controls the major vectors of malaria, filariasis and encephalitis b in china.	1996	9125829
effects of brugia malayi infection on the survival of anopheles sinensis.	effect of different numbers of infecting brugia malayi on the survival of anopheles sinensis were quantitatively studied in our laboratory. four groups of healthy adult female mosquitos were tested. they were named g-0, g-1, g-2 and g-3, in which the numbers of microfilariae (mf) infecting per mosquito were 0, 5, 10 and 50, respectively. the experimental infection was conducted by inoculating the mf into the bodies of mosquitos through the neck membrane with a microinjector. it was observed that ...	1996	9031418
[histochemical changes in brugia malayi microfilariae-infected anopheles sinensis].	histochemical changes in normal and brugia malayi microfilariae-infected anopheles sinensis were observed using histochemical technique. the results showed that the activity of alkaline phosphatase (akp) and acid phosphatase (acp) and the content of glycogen and basic protein in brugia malayi microfilariae-infected anopheles sinensis were less obviously than those of the normal control. esterase (est) activity was reduced slightly and acetylcholinesterase (ache) remained no change in infected mo ...	1995	7554161
[studies on elements in anopheles sinensis infected with brugia malayi microfilariae].	amounts of certain elements in anopheles sinensis, both normal ones (emerged mosquitoes, d0, d5, d8, d12 and d18 after taking blood meal) and those infected with brugia malayi microfilaria (d5, d8, d12 and d18 after infection), were determined using il-551 and pe-603 atomic absorption spectrometer (aas). the results showed that 9 kinds of trace elements including fe, zn, cu, cd, al, pb, mn, ni and cr and 4 kinds of macro elements as k, na, ca, mg were present in both the noninfected and infected ...	1995	8556801
[seasonal prevalence and behaviour of aedes togoi].	ecological studies of aedes togoi, the vector of malayan filariasis, were carried out at tolsando, yosu and sokcho area in 1991. the adult population of aedes togoi was continuously appeared from the first week of april to the end of november showing the highest density in july. the larvae of aedes togoi were found at rock pools from march to december in sokcho area and the density was highest in july and august, whereas in the southern coastal area (yosu), the larvae were found throughout the y ...	1995	7735782
two vivax malaria cases detected in korea.	on june and july 1994, two cases of vivax malaria were consecutively diagnosed at the yongsan hospital, chung-ang university in seoul. the first patient was a soldier serving in western parts of the demilitarized zone (dmz) while the second case was a resident of a village near dmz. neither patients had history of being abroad. republic of korea (rok) has been free of malaria since the mid-1970s except for imported cases. the two vivax malaria cases, together with an additional patient detected ...	1994	7834248
[the mosquitocidal efficacy of microcapsules of alpha-cypermethrin against anopheles sinensis].	the efficacy of spraying of alpha-cypermethrin microcapsule for the control of anopheles sinensis was investigated when alpha-cypermethrin microcapsule was sprayed at 0.5 g/m2, the kt50 was 7.9 min and a 100% of 24 hours' mortality of an. sinensis, the efficacy being similar to that of the emulsion. 180 days after spray, the kt50 was 28.2 min, the 24 hours' mortality was 85.7%, the residual efficacy was 3 times over that of the emulsion. in the mimic field experiment, similar results were obtain ...	1994	8044904
urbanization and its effects on the ecology of mosquitoes in macau, southeast asia.	recent urbanization in macau has resulted in the precipitous decline to zero in populations of several anopheline vectors of malaria while providing optimal habitat for the population increase in culicines. of 18 species of mosquitoes reported in macau in recent years, 15 species are included here. culex quinquefasciatus, culex sitiens, and aedes albopictus were the most abundant species. notes are provided for anopheles sinensis, armigeres magnus, armigeres subalbatus, culex foliatus, culex fus ...	1994	7707061
[preliminary estimation of malaria transmission potential in areas where anopheles sinensis is the only vector].	the data, vectorial capacity of anopheles sinensis in the suburb of jining city, shandong province in 1975, in 1980-1984, and the average gland infection rate of anopheles sinensis infected with plasmodium vivax artificially, were calculated by using macdonald formula (1957). the basic reproduction rates were 4.44, 6.47 and 4.25 in the years 1975, 1980 and 1981, respectively. in 1982-1984, the rate was reduced to 0.69, 0.41 and 0.1, respectively. since 1982, the incidence rate of malaria in the ...	1994	7720199
a successful control programme for lymphatic filariasis in hubei, china.	this paper describes the epidemiology and control of human lymphatic filariasis in hubei province, china from the 1950s to the 1990s. brugia malayi, transmitted by anopheles sinensis, and wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus, were found in 69 of 78 counties and cities. the distribution of filaria species was distinct, with b. malayi endemic in the plains, mixed infections in hilly areas, and w. bancrofti in the mountains. before 1979, the microfilaria rate (mfr) in some vi ...	1994	7992323
effect of intermittent irrigation on mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and larvivorous predators in rice fields.	effect of intermittent irrigation to facilitate rice production on rice-field mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in saga, japan. mosquitoes and associated taxa were sampled by dipping in two rice fields subject to intermittent irrigation and in one rice field that remained flooded throughout the study period of approximately 1 mo. with the onset of intermittent irrigation, larval mosquito (culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and anopheles sinensis wiedemann) abundance decreased; reirriga ...	1993	8096247
the ecology of anopheline mosquitos in northwest coastal malaysia: larval habitats and adult seasonal abundance.	collections of anopheline mosquitos were made twice monthly for 13 months from a cow-baited trap in two villages, kampung permatang rawa and sungai udang kecil, on mainland coastal penang, malaysia. each collection period was six hours from sunset. unquantified larval collections were made regularly in each area. although the villages were only about 50km apart, and each had extensive, irrigated rice-fields in its vicinity, the species abundance and the seasonal fluctuations differed significant ...	1993	8160063
[occurrence of culex modestus inatomii kamimura et wada in rongcheng city, shandong province].	a mosquito survey was made at rongcheng city, shandong province in august, 1991. altogether 4 genera and 8 species of mosquitoes were collected in this survey, namely aedes dorsalis (meigen), anopheles sinensis wiedemann, an. yatsushiroensis miyazaki, culex fuscanus wiedemann, cx. modestus inatomii kamimura et wada, cx. pipiens pallens coquillett, cx. tritaeniorhynchus giles and mansonia uniformis (theobald). among them cx. modestus inatomii and an. yatsushiroensis were found to be the first rec ...	1993	8403280
metaphase karyotypes of anopheles of thailand and southeast asia: i. the hyrcanus group.	metaphase karyotypes of 6 species of the hyrcanus species group of the subgenus anopheles show constitutive heterochromatin variation in x and y chromosomes. anopheles peditaeniatus exhibits the most extensive variation in the size and shape of heterochromatic sex chromosomes, with 3 types of x and 5 types of y chromosomes. anopheles nitidus shows the least variation, with only 2 types of x chromosomes. anopheles sinensis and an. crawfordi each have 2 forms of metaphase karyotype in the heteroch ...	1993	8468575
[observation on the effectiveness of repellent coating against mosquitoes].	the present paper reports on the effectiveness of a repellent coating for the first time. the repellent coating was made by combining deta (n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide) with slow-releasing reagent. with this coating employed in the laboratory against aedes aegypti, the rate of blood-sucking was 3.9-9.5% and the rate of protection was 88.9-95.3% for 1-720 days. during 1-77 days' field trial, the rpi (relative population index) was 0-8.98% in the day-time and 0.74-17.15 during the night-time agains ...	1992	1307278
[observation on the early development of inoculated brugia malayi microfilariae in mosquitoes].	this paper reports the early development and variation of inoculated brugia malayi microfilariae in 3 groups of mosquitoes, i. e. young anopheles sinensis, young culex quinquefasciatus and old cx. quinquefasciatus. significant differences were observed among these groups. sixty hours after inoculation, the percentage of normally developing filarial larvae in young an. sinensis was 72.3%; the percentage of melanized microfilariae in young cx. quinquefasciatus was 75.4% and the percentage of filar ...	1992	1363886
[dna probe for identification of sibling species of anopheles sinensis and anopheles anthropophagus].	genomic dna libraries of anopheles sinensis and anopheles anthropophagus were constructed. the positive clones suitable for discrimination sibling species of an. sinensis and an. anthropophagus were screened and a clone from an. sinensis dna library was selected and the insert dna was used as a dna probe to test dot blot of genomic dna from an. sinensis and an. anthropophagus. the results showed that the dna probe hybridized with all stages of an. sinensis dna, but had very weak hybridization si ...	1992	1303333
epidemio-entomological survey on malarial vector mosquitoes in kyongbuk, korea.	in order to determine population dynamics of anopheles sinensis, a survey based on average number of female mosquitoes per trap-night was carried out during the period of 5 years from 1987 to 1991. a. sinensis first appeared between the 2nd and 20th april, and were trapped in large number between the 5th and 12th july. the number of trapped mosquitoes began to decrease from mid-august, and a few were collected until mid-november, each year. the average number of a. sinensis in july was 542.6 per ...	1992	1363628
pathogenicity of spiroplasma taiwanense for larval aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	helical replicative forms, but not the persistent non-replicative forms, of spiroplasma taiwanense abalain-colloc et al. (isolated from the mosquito anopheles sinensis wiedemann in taiwan) were shown to reduce significantly the survival of aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito larvae reared in 10 ml of water with 0.3 ml of s.taiwanense suspensions added on days 0 and 3. the suspensions contained, respectively, helical forms at a concentration of 10(9) colour change units (ccu)/ml and persistent forms at 1 ...	1991	1768913
the advantages of mosquito biocontrol by stocking edible fish in rice paddies.	edible fish stocked in rice fields at a density of 600-800 fry per mu (1 mu = 1/15 hectare) for 150-170 days may act as an effective mosquito biocontrol agent. common carp (cyprinus carpio), grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella) and tilopia spp. killed late stage larvae and pupae of anopheles sinensis and culex tritaeniorrhyncus in laboratory and field trials. stocking of fish in experimental rice fields decreased larval numbers significantly in comparison with control areas. expansion of fish sto ...	1991	1818398
[observations on the development of quantitatively inoculated brugia malayi microfilariae in anopheles sinensis and culex quinquefasciatus].	with an improved technique, quantitative inoculation of brugia malayi microfilariae (mff) into anopheles sinensis and culex quinquefasciatus was carried out in our laboratory in 1988. the development of b. malayi mff in these two species of mosquitoes was observed. in the system of b. malayi and an. sinensis, a well-fitted linear correlation appeared between the number of mff inoculated and the infective larva (l3) positive rate (r = 0.9910; p less than 0.01). the regression equation with the re ...	1991	1873882
threshold of transmission of brugia malayi by anopheles sinensis.	in an area of central china where brugia malayi is transmitted by anopheles sinensis, three villages were followed for 4 years without any control measures. diethylcarbamazine (dec) had been used in a control programme reducing the parasite rate in shuiwa from 12.72 to 0.59%, in gubomen from 3.18 to 1.55% and in moshi from 5.62 to 2.81% (although this fell the following year to 2.23%) up until the start of the trial. the village populations, the human biting rate, the parous and the gonotrophic ...	1991	1880826
[observation on the contraction process of ovarioles of anopheles sinensis and anopheles anthropophagus after oviposition].	in order to know the process of ovariole contraction after oviposition in anopheles sinensis and an. anthropophagus, and to determine the relationship between the ovariole contraction and the physiological age, the observation was conducted in 1988. the laboratory-reared female mosquitoes after 3-5 days of eclosion were fed with mouse blood and were kept in separate finger tubes for oviposition. after oviposition, the mosquitoes were dissected at different time. 30 ovarioles for each mosquito we ...	1991	1959173
[variations in reproductive capacity, gonotrophic cycle and longevity of anopheles sinensis infected by brugia malayi larvae].	under the experimental conditions of 26 +/- 10 degrees c, relative humidity 70-80%, 100 +/- 20 lux and photoperiod 16 hours/day and using a membrane feeding method, the development of filarial larvae and the variations in reproductive capacity, gonotrophic cycle and longevity of an. sinensis infected with microfilariae of brugia malayi were observed. the infection rate and infection intensity of filarial larvae in an. sinensis increased with the microfilarial density in the blood meal from 50 to ...	1991	2065448
[the natural infection rate of mosquitoes by japanese encephalitis b virus in yunnan province].	in july-september 1983-1987, 57,898 adult female mosquitoes belonging to 29 species of 8 genera were collected from japanese b encephalitis (je) epidemic areas in yunnan, china, and were examined by c 6/36 cell method and sucking mouse method. twenty-eight strains of je virus were isolated from culex tritaeniorhychus, c. whitomorei, c. pseudovishnui, c. fuscocephala, c. annulus, c. gelidus, anopheles sinensis, mansonia uniformis, aedes albopictus, ae. vexans, ae. lineatopennis, and ae. assamensi ...	1990	1979768
[comparative studies on the role of anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis in malaria transmission in china].	this paper reports on the studies of the role of anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis in malaria transmission in a sense to elucidate which one of the two species the predominance in this respect. systematic investigations including artificial infection of mosquitoes, quantitative entomological studies and parasitological research were conducted in 1982-1987 in 5 pilot areas in anhui (1), guangxi (2), sichuan (1) and guangdong (1). the results revealed that the susceptibility of an. a ...	1990	2276188
[malaria situation in china, 1989. advisory committee on parasitic diseases, moph].	according to the case reporting system, malaria cases in the whole country (taiwan province not included) in 1989 accounted for 137,540, the incidence being 12.56/100,000, and lethal cases, 60. all these were close to those (134,156, 12.44/100,000, and 53) in 1988, while an insidious increase was in view. on the basis of county/city reckoning, about 984.5 million people reside in 2,576 counties/cities where malaria incidence was less than 0.1 per 1,000 (including non-endemic areas); 80.2 million ...	1990	2099250
quantitative studies on the development of inoculated brugia malayi microfilariae in anopheles sinensis and culex quinquefasciatus.	definite numbers of b. malayi mf were inoculated into an. sinensis and cx. quinquefasciatus, and their subsequent development was observed. the relationships between the dosage and the l3 positive rate on the one hand and the average filarial maturity rate on the other were defined. at the same dosages of 4 and 10 mf/mosquito, the l3 positive rates and the average filarial maturity rates in an. sinensis were much higher than those in cx. quinquefasciatus (p less than 0.01). it was demonstrated t ...	1990	2075483
[experimental infection index of anopheles sinensis and melanization of periodic brugia malayi larvae].	this paper deals with the infection index of anopheles sinensis infected with the blood meals of 9 different microfilarial densities (5-300 mf/10 microliters) of periodic brugia malayi. the results indicated that the mean number of microfilariae (mf) ingested by mosquitoes increased with the mf-density of the blood meal. the infection rates of vectors were 30, 65, 93 and 100%, when mf-densities were 5, 10, 20 and 50 mf/10 microliters respectively. although the infection rate was 100% when mf-den ...	1990	2099254
[restriction fragment length differences (rflds) of genomic dna from different geographical strains of anopheles sinensis and anopheles anthropophagus].	total dna was extracted from three geographical strains of anopheles sinensis and two geographical strains of anopheles anthropophagus and digested respectively with three restriction endonucleases (bgl ii, hae iii and pst i). the restriction fragment length differences (rflds) of repetitive dna detected after agarose gel electrophoretic separation and ethidium bromide staining were compared among the above-mentioned geographical strains of both an. sinensis and an. anthropohagus. the results in ...	1990	1982859
[comparative studies on several biochemical indices of anopheles anthropophagus and anopheles sinensis].	proteins, sugars and esterase isoenzymes of an. anthropophagus and an. sinensis were compared by ief and two dimensional gel electrophoresis. the results show that there are some differences in the electrophoretic patterns between an. anthropophagus and an. sinensis. the glycoprotein, lipid protein, glycolipidprotein, protein, polysaccharide and esterase isoenzymes showed 10, 0, 6, 14, 2 and 13 bands in an. anthropophagus; 10, 1, 5, 16, 3 and 15 in an. sinensis. there exist 234 and 240 polypepti ...	1989	2633890
[a paracentric inversion in the salivary gland chromosome 3r of anopheles sinensis].	an inversion heterozygote has been found in the fourth stage larvae of the laboratory line of shanghai anopheles sinensis in our laboratory, the frequency of occurrence of the heterozygote being 2 to 5%. the characteristic inversion loop formed in the midst of chromosome 3r together with the break points arises from 26c to 30a segment of the chromosomes. this inversion paracentric is the first record in the literature available and may be of significance as a genetic marker in studying the inter ...	1989	2633892
trial of deltamethrin impregnated bed nets for the control of malaria transmitted by anopheles sinensis and anopheles anthropophagus.	in 1985-1987, a field trial of malaria control using deltamethrin impregnated mosquito nets was carried out with 4,450 people in the buji district, bao'an county, guangdong province, china. the vectors were exophilic anopheles sinensis (80%) and the endophilic and anthropophilic an. anthropophagus (20%). the first impregnation of the nets was in june 1985 and the second in april 1986. about 87% of the population slept under treated nets. the indoor vector density decreased by 93% and remained at ...	1989	2712195
[studies on the variability of incubation period of vivax malaria following mosquito biting].	from september 1985 to may 1987, 30 people were experimentally infected by anopheles sinensis infected with plasmodium vivax isolated from northwestern part of hunan province. the findings displayed in graphs demonstrate that the incubation period was variably depended on the number of infective mosquitoes used in the experiment. the short incubation period of 15.8 +/- 1.9d was frequently observed in 6 persons bitten by 10 infected mosquitoes. however, when one mosquito was allowed to feed on ea ...	1989	2670311
[observation on the intake of brugia malayi microfilariae by anopheles sinensis and host efficiency].	the experiments were carried out under the controlled conditions with temperature at 26 +/- 1 degree c and relative humidity 75-85%. the brugian microfilariae from the peritoneal cavity of mongolian jirds, mixed with rabbit blood, were ingested by anopheles mosquitoes through the artificial membrane. the experimental data show that the number of microfilariae ingested is fewer than would be expected from the microfilarial densities in the blood meal. the linear regression shows their quantitativ ...	1989	2624934
observations on the clinical manifestations and treatment of an experimental infection with brugia malayi in man.	this paper reports clinical observations made during experimental brugia malayi infection in man. this was induced by 52 infective larvae-carrying mosquitoes, anopheles sinensis. a monkey, maccaca mulatta, was inoculated with infective larvae from the mosquitoes infected with nocturnally periodic type of b. malayi from patients. six months later, the monkey became a microfilaria carrier. nine days later, the subject was experimentally bitten by mosquitoes infected from biting the monkey, with an ...	1989	2565406
[effects of brugia malayi infection on the fecundity and survival rate of anopheles sinensis].		1988	3180366
[a longitudinal observation on the vectorial capacity of anopheles sinensis in vivax malaria endemic area].		1988	3073014
evaluation of permethrin-impregnated mosquito-nets against mosquitoes in china.	in yishan county, guangxi province, china, where malaria and brugian filariasis are transmitted by vectors belonging to the anopheles hyrcanus pallas group, a study was conducted from june to november 1986 to evaluate the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated mosquito bednets to reduce man/vector contact. in three experimental villages a total of 246 mosquito nets were treated with permethrin ec at a dosage of 0.5 g/m2. control bioassays (1 h exposure) of treated nets gave up to 100% mortality ...	1988	2908784
[comparison of protein variation between anopheles sinensis from wuxi and zhengzhou].		1988	3242968
[experimental observation on the effectiveness of pirimiphos methyl against anopheles sinensis].		1988	3383392
[identification of the short arm of the sex chromosome of the polytene chromosomes of the salivary gland of anopheles sinensis].		1988	3180362
[a preliminary study on the infectivity of different geographic strains of plasmodium vivax to anopheles sinensis].		1987	3329066
[on the surveying method for man-biting rate of anopheles sinensis].		1986	3802431
epidemiological studies on malayan filariasis in an inland area in kyungpook, korea 3. ecological survey of vector mosquitoes of brugia malayi.	the species composition, population density, and seasonal prevalence of vector mosquitoes in an inland area of kyungpook province were studied, based on light trap and human bait trap collections, and the recent patterns of infestation for infective larvae of brugia malayi in these vector hosts were investigated from may to november in 1985. nine species in four genera of mosquitoes were collected by light trap, human bait trap, and/or by nets. anopheles sinensis wiedemann was the most abundant ...	1986	12886104
[the occurrence of the mermithid nematode romanomermis jingdeensis in the pupae and adults of anopheles sinensis].		1986	3769153
[experimental observation on the effectiveness of pirimiphosmethyl and decamethrin against anopheles sinensis].		1985	4006117
seasonal prevalence of the vector mosquitoes of japanese encephalitis virus in kyungpook province, korea.	in order to determine the seasonal prevalence and population density of vector mosquitoes in kyungpook province, a survey based on average number of female mosquito per trap-night, were carried out during the period from may to november in 1984. among the 34,571 mosquitoes collected in kyungsan county in animal shelters and human dwellings by light traps, approximately 45.0 % were culex tritaeniorhynchus, 34.0 % per cent culex pipiens pallens, and 19.0 per cent anopheles sinensis. by comparison, ...	1985	12888695
[comparative studies on isoenzyme patterns, proteins, sugars and lipids of four geographic strains of anopheles sinensis].		1985	3837706
[gonotrophic cycle of anopheles sinensis in the north of yanchen, jiangsu].		1984	6518643
preliminary field trials of romanomermis jingdeensis against anopheles sinensis in the suburbs of shanghai.		1984	6440752
collection of adult and larval mosquitoes in u.s. army compounds in the republic of korea during 1979~1983.	this paper is the result of adult female mosquito and larval collection in u.s. army installations in korea from 1979 to 1983. new jersey light traps ere operated for ault collection from may to october. the primary concern of this surveillance is to determine when to recommend insecticide spraying for mosquito control in the army areas. the 5th preventive medicine unit have developed an "index" level of female mosquitoes in a light trap similar to other u.s.army agencies in other parts of the w ...	1984	12891039