Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| endogenous sirnas and pirnas derived from transposable elements and genes in the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae. | the sirna and pirna pathways have been shown in insects to be essential for regulation of gene expression and defence against exogenous and endogenous genetic elements (viruses and transposable elements). the vast majority of endogenous small rnas produced by the sirna and pirna pathways originate from repetitive or transposable elements (te). in d. melanogaster, te-derived endogenous sirnas and pirnas are involved in genome surveillance and maintenance of genome integrity. in the medically rele ... | 2015 | 25879960 |
| development of resistance to pyrethroid in culex pipiens pallens population under different insecticide selection pressures. | current vector control programs are largely dependent on pyrethroids, which are the most commonly used and only insecticides recommended by the world health organization for insecticide-treated nets (itns). however, the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance worldwide compromises the effectiveness of control programs and threatens public health. since few new insecticide classes for vector control are anticipated, limiting the development of resistance is crucial for prolonging efficacy of pyreth ... | 2015 | 26275298 |
| transmission indices and microfilariae prevalence in human population prior to mass drug administration with ivermectin and albendazole in the gomoa district of ghana. | the lymphatic filariasis elimination programme in ghana involves annual mass drug administration (mda) of ivermectin and albendazole to persons living in endemic areas. this is repeated annually for 4-6 years to span across the reproductive lifespan of adult worms. in order to stimulate participation of community members in the mda programme, this study was carried out to understand local views on transmission, management and prevention of the disease. the study also presents baseline transmissi ... | 2015 | 26503363 |
| global emergence of alphaviruses that cause arthritis in humans. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may cause severe emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, which pose a significant threat to human and animal health in the world today. these infectious diseases range from mild febrile illnesses, arthritis, and encephalitis to haemorrhagic fevers. it is postulated that certain environmental factors, vector competence, and host susceptibility have a major impact on the ecology of arboviral diseases. presently, there is a great interest in the emergence ... | 2015 | 26689654 |
| use of a new high resolution melting method for genotyping pathogenic leptospira spp. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in tropical areas, such as reunion island. the species leptospira interrogans is the primary agent in human infections, but other pathogenic species, such as l. kirschner and l. borgpetersenii, are also associated with human leptospirosis. | 2015 | 26154161 |
| dopamine receptor antagonists as new mode-of-action insecticide leads for control of aedes and culex mosquito vectors. | new mode-of-action insecticides are sought to provide continued control of pesticide resistant arthropod vectors of neglected tropical diseases (ntds). we previously identified antagonists of the aadop2 d1-like dopamine receptor (dar) from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, with toxicity to ae. aegypti larvae as leads for novel insecticides. to extend dar-based insecticide discovery, we evaluated the molecular and pharmacological characteristics of an orthologous dar target, cqdop2, from ... | 2015 | 25793586 |
| long non-coding rna discovery across the genus anopheles reveals conserved secondary structures within and beyond the gambiae complex. | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) have been defined as mrna-like transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack significant protein-coding potential, and many of them constitute scaffolds for ribonucleoprotein complexes with critical roles in epigenetic regulation. various lncrnas have been implicated in the modulation of chromatin structure, transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene regulation, and regulation of genomic stability in mammals, caenorhabditis elegans, and drosophila melanogast ... | 2015 | 25903279 |
| discovery of an oviposition attractant for gravid malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | new strategies are needed to manage malaria vector populations that resist insecticides and bite outdoors. this study describes a breakthrough in developing 'attract and kill' strategies targeting gravid females by identifying and evaluating an oviposition attractant for anopheles gambiae s.l. | 2015 | 25885703 |
| investigating the acceptability of non-mesh, long-lasting insecticidal nets amongst nomadic communities in garissa county, kenya using a prospective, longitudinal study design and cross-sectional household surveys. | north east kenya is an area of semi-arid terrain, prone to malaria epidemics. the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) has long been a key malaria intervention, however, for nomadic populations who live and sleep outside, in harsh climates and areas with increasing reports of exophagic behaviour of mosquitoes, traditional llins are often inadequate. this study investigates the acceptability of non-mesh llins, specifically designed to suit nomadic, outdoor sleeping communities. | 2015 | 25652420 |
| malaria case in madagascar, probable implication of a new vector, anopheles coustani. | indoor spraying of insecticides and the use of insecticide-treated bed nets are key strategies for national malaria vector control in the central highlands of madagascar. during the year 2013, malaria outbreaks were reported by the national malaria control programme in the highlands, including the district of ankazobe. | 2015 | 26620552 |
| an overview of malaria transmission from the perspective of amazon anopheles vectors. | in the americas, areas with a high risk of malaria transmission are mainly located in the amazon forest, which extends across nine countries. one keystone step to understanding the plasmodium life cycle in anopheles species from the amazon region is to obtain experimentally infected mosquito vectors. several attempts to colonise anopheles species have been conducted, but with only short-lived success or no success at all. in this review, we review the literature on malaria transmission from the ... | 2015 | 25742262 |
| monitoring changes in malaria epidemiology and effectiveness of interventions in ethiopia and uganda: beyond garki project baseline survey. | scale-up of malaria interventions seems to have contributed to a decline in the disease but other factors may also have had some role. understanding changes in transmission and determinant factors will help to adapt control strategies accordingly. | 2015 | 26337671 |
| the past, present and future use of epidemiological intelligence to plan malaria vector control and parasite prevention in uganda. | an important prelude to developing strategies to control infectious diseases is a detailed epidemiological evidence platform to target cost-effective interventions and define resource needs. | 2015 | 25888989 |
| an assessment of participatory integrated vector management for malaria control in kenya. | the world health organization (who) recommends integrated vector management (ivm) as a strategy to improve and sustain malaria vector control. however, this approach has not been widely adopted. | 2015 | 25859686 |
| microsatellite loci cross-species transferability in aedes fluviatilis (diptera:culicidae): a cost-effective approach for population genetics studies. | aedes fluviatilis is a neotropical mosquito species thought to be a potential vector of yellow fever viruses and can be infected with plasmodium gallinaceum in laboratory. a better understanding of its genetic structure is very important to understand its epidemiologic potential and how it is responding to urbanization. the objective of this study was to survey the transferability of microsatellites loci developed for other aedes to ae. fluviatilis. | 2015 | 26667177 |
| modified mosquito landing boxes dispensing transfluthrin provide effective protection against anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes under simulated outdoor conditions in a semi-field system. | efforts to control malaria vectors have primarily focused on scaling-up of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying. although highly efficient against indoor-biting and indoor-resting vectors, these interventions have lower impact on outdoor-biting mosquitoes. innovative vector control tools are required to prevent outdoor human-mosquito contacts. in this work, the potential of spatial repellents, delivered in an active system that requires minimal user compliance, to ... | 2015 | 26104719 |
| establishment of the ivermectin research for malaria elimination network: updating the research agenda. | the potential use of ivermectin as an additional vector control tool is receiving increased attention from the malaria elimination community, driven by the increased importance of outdoor/residual malaria transmission and the threat of insecticide resistance where vector tools have been scaled-up. this report summarizes the emerging evidence presented at a side meeting on "ivermectin for malaria elimination: current status and future directions" at the annual meeting of the american society of t ... | 2015 | 26068560 |
| insecticide resistance in areas under investigation by the international centers of excellence for malaria research: a challenge for malaria control and elimination. | scale-up of the main vector control interventions, residual insecticides sprayed on walls or structures and/or impregnated in bed nets, together with prompt diagnosis and effective treatment, have led to a global reduction in malaria transmission. however, resistance in vectors to almost all classes of insecticides, particularly to the synthetic pyrethroids, is posing a challenge to the recent trend of declining malaria. ten international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) locate ... | 2015 | 26259947 |
| entomological monitoring and evaluation: diverse transmission settings of icemr projects will require local and regional malaria elimination strategies. | the unprecedented global efforts for malaria elimination in the past decade have resulted in altered vectorial systems, vector behaviors, and bionomics. these changes combined with increasingly evident heterogeneities in malaria transmission require innovative vector control strategies in addition to the established practices of long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying. integrated vector management will require focal and tailored vector control to achieve malaria elimination. ... | 2015 | 26259942 |
| applications and limitations of centers for disease control and prevention miniature light traps for measuring biting densities of african malaria vector populations: a pooled-analysis of 13 comparisons with human landing catches. | measurement of densities of host-seeking malaria vectors is important for estimating levels of disease transmission, for appropriately allocating interventions, and for quantifying their impact. the gold standard for estimating mosquito-human contact rates is the human landing catch (hlc), where human volunteers catch mosquitoes that land on their exposed body parts. this approach necessitates exposure to potentially infectious mosquitoes, and is very labour intensive. there are several safer an ... | 2015 | 26082036 |
| malaria in mauritania: retrospective and prospective overview. | malaria has become a major public health problem in mauritania since the 1990s, with an average of 181,000 cases per year and 2,233,066 persons at risk during 1995-2012. this paper provides the first publicly available overview of malaria incidence and distribution in mauritania. information on the burden and malaria species distribution is critical for guiding national efforts in malaria control. as the incidence of malaria changes over time, regular updates of epidemiological data are necessar ... | 2015 | 25880759 |
| diversification of the genus anopheles and a neotropical clade from the late cretaceous. | the anopheles genus is a member of the culicidae family and consists of approximately 460 recognized species. the genus is composed of 7 subgenera with diverse geographical distributions. despite its huge medical importance, a consensus has not been reached on the phylogenetic relationships among anopheles subgenera. we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising the coi, coii and 5.8s rrna genes and used maximum likelihood and bayesian inference to estimate the phylogeny and divergence times o ... | 2015 | 26244561 |
| specific antibodies to anopheles gsg6-p1 salivary peptide to assess early childhood exposure to malaria vector bites. | the estimates of risk of malaria in early childhood are imprecise given the current entomologic and parasitological tools. thus, the utility of anti-anopheles salivary gsg6-p1 peptide antibody responses in measuring exposure to anopheles bites during early infancy has been assessed. | 2015 | 26198354 |
| sibling species of the anopheles funestus group, and their infection with malaria and lymphatic filarial parasites, in archived and newly collected specimens from northeastern tanzania. | studies on the east african coast have shown a recent dramatic decline in malaria vector density and change in composition of sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex, paralleled by a major decline in malaria incidence. in order to better understand the ongoing changes in vector-parasite dynamics in the area, and to allow for appropriate adjustment of control activities, the present study examined the composition, and malaria and lymphatic filarial infection, of sibling species of the an ... | 2015 | 25885457 |
| a cohort study of the effectiveness of insecticide-treated bed nets to prevent malaria in an area of moderate pyrethroid resistance, malawi. | insecticide-treated bed nets (itns) are the cornerstone of malaria control in sub-saharan africa but their effectiveness may be compromised by the spread of pyrethroid resistance among malaria vectors. the objective of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of itns to prevent malaria in an area of malawi with moderate pyrethroid resistance. | 2015 | 25627987 |
| underestimation of foraging behaviour by standard field methods in malaria vector mosquitoes in southern africa. | defining the anopheline mosquito vectors and their foraging behaviour in malaria endemic areas is crucial for disease control and surveillance. the standard protocol for molecular identification of host blood meals in mosquitoes is to morphologically identify fed mosquitoes and then perform polymerase chain reaction (pcr), precipitin tests, or elisa assays. the purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the feeding rate and human blood indices (hbis) of malaria vectors were under ... | 2015 | 25927429 |
| the impact of livestock on the abundance, resting behaviour and sporozoite rate of malaria vectors in southern tanzania. | increases in the coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) have significantly reduced the abundance of anopheles gambiae sensu stricto in several african settings, leaving its more zoophagic sibling species anopheles arabiensis as the primary vector. this study investigated the impact of livestock ownership at the household level on the ecology and malaria infection rate of vectors in an area of tanzania where an. arabiensis accounts for most malaria transmission. | 2015 | 25604150 |
| rise of multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus in malawi: a major concern for malaria vector control. | deciphering the dynamics and evolution of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is crucial for successful vector control. this study reports an increase of resistance intensity and a rise of multiple insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus in malawi leading to reduced bed net efficacy. | 2015 | 26370361 |
| when a discriminating dose assay is not enough: measuring the intensity of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. | guidelines from the world health organization for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vectors recommend exposing insects to a predetermined discriminating dose of insecticide and recording the percentage mortality in the population. this standardized methodology has been widely adopted for malaria vectors and has provided valuable data on the spread and prevalence of resistance. however, understanding the potential impact of this resistance on malaria control requires a more quantitativ ... | 2015 | 25985896 |
| field evaluation of a push-pull system to reduce malaria transmission. | malaria continues to place a disease burden on millions of people throughout the tropics, especially in sub-saharan africa. although efforts to control mosquito populations and reduce human-vector contact, such as long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying, have led to significant decreases in malaria incidence, further progress is now threatened by the widespread development of physiological and behavioural insecticide-resistance as well as changes in the composition of vector ... | 2015 | 25923114 |
| insecticide resistance in malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in zimbabwe: a review. | malaria is a global public health problem, with about 3.2 billion people at risk of infection. the populations at risk mainly reside in africa, asia and america, with african populations accounting for the largest burden of the disease. in 2013, close to 198 million malaria cases were reported, leading to 584,000 deaths. much (90 %) of the mortality rates were recorded from the world health organization (who) database in the african region and 78 % of these occurred in children under the age of ... | 2015 | 26497808 |
| mosquito attraction: crucial role of carbon dioxide in formulation of a five-component blend of human-derived volatiles. | behavioral responses of the malaria mosquito anopheles coluzzii (an. gambiae sensu stricto molecular 'm form') to an expanded blend of human-derived volatiles were assessed in a dual-port olfactometer. a previously documented attractive three-component blend consisting of nh3, (s)-lactic acid, and tetradecanoic acid served as the basis for expansion. adding 4.5% co2 to the basic blend significantly enhanced its attractiveness. expansion of the blend with four human-derived c4-volatiles was then ... | 2015 | 26026743 |
| design of a study to determine the impact of insecticide resistance on malaria vector control: a multi-country investigation. | progress in reducing the malaria disease burden through the substantial scale up of insecticide-based vector control in recent years could be reversed by the widespread emergence of insecticide resistance. the impact of insecticide resistance on the protective effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) is not known. a multi-country study was undertaken in sudan, kenya, india, cameroon and benin to quantify the potential loss of epidemiological effectivenes ... | 2015 | 26194648 |
| adaptive introgression in an african malaria mosquito coincident with the increased usage of insecticide-treated bed nets. | animal species adapt to changes in their environment, including man-made changes such as the introduction of insecticides, through selection for advantageous genes already present in populations or newly arisen through mutation. a possible alternative mechanism is the acquisition of adaptive genes from related species via a process known as adaptive introgression. differing levels of insecticide resistance between two african malaria vectors, anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae, have been a ... | 2015 | 25561525 |
| comparison of methods for xenomonitoring in vectors of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern tanzania. | monitoring wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes (xenomonitoring) can play an important role in determining when lymphatic filariasis has been eliminated, or in focusing control efforts. as mosquito infection rates can be low, a method for collecting large numbers of mosquitoes is necessary. gravid traps collected large numbers of culex quinquefasciatus in tanzania, and a collection method that targets mosquitoes that have already fed could result in increased sensitivity in detecting w. ... | 2015 | 26350454 |
| spatial and temporal variation of malaria entomological parameters at the onset of a hydro-agricultural development in central côte d'ivoire. | a deeper understanding of the ecology and small-scale heterogeneity of malaria transmission is essential for the design of effective prevention, control and elimination interventions. the spatial and temporal distribution of malaria vectors was investigated in five villages in close proximity to a hydro-agricultural system in côte d'ivoire over the course of construction and the early phase of irrigated rice farming. | 2015 | 26341670 |
| assessment of control measures and trends of malaria in burie-zuria district, west gojjam zone, amhara region, north west ethiopia. | introduction. malaria is caused by the protozoan parasite plasmodium and transmitted by the bite of anopheles mosquitoes. the aim of this study was to assess control measures and trends of malaria and guide intervention measures at burie-zuria district, amhara region. methods. descriptive cross-sectional assessment of control measures was undertaken. we used health facility records of malaria data. we surveyed households for clinical malaria cases and utilization of long lasting impregnated nets ... | 2015 | 26171274 |
| the cpcfc cuticular protein family: anatomical and cuticular locations in anopheles gambiae and distribution throughout pancrustacea. | arthropod cuticles have, in addition to chitin, many structural proteins belonging to diverse families. information is sparse about how these different cuticular proteins contribute to the cuticle. most cuticular proteins lack cysteine with the exception of two families (cpap1 and cpap3), recently described, and the one other that we now report on that has a motif of 16 amino acids first identified in a protein, bc-ncp1, from the cuticle of nymphs of the cockroach, blaberus craniifer (jensen et ... | 2015 | 26164413 |
| unexpected diversity of anopheles species in eastern zambia: implications for evaluating vector behavior and interventions using molecular tools. | the understanding of malaria vector species in association with their bionomic traits is vital for targeting malaria interventions and measuring effectiveness. many entomological studies rely on morphological identification of mosquitoes, limiting recognition to visually distinct species/species groups. anopheles species assignments based on ribosomal dna its2 and mitochondrial dna coi were compared to morphological identifications from luangwa and nyimba districts in zambia. the comparison of m ... | 2015 | 26648001 |
| does extreme asymmetric dominance promote hybridization between anopheles coluzzii and anopheles gambiae s.s. in seasonal malaria mosquito communities of west africa? | anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. coluzzii are two of the most important malaria vector species in sub-saharan africa. these recently-diverged sibling species do not exhibit intrinsic post-zygotic barriers to reproduction and are thought to be separated by strong assortative mating combined with selection against hybrids. at present, little is known about the ecological conditions that determine hybridization and introgression between these cryptic taxa. | 2015 | 26559354 |
| urban malaria: understanding its epidemiology, ecology, and transmission across seven diverse icemr network sites. | a major public health question is whether urbanization will transform malaria from a rural to an urban disease. however, differences about definitions of urban settings, urban malaria, and whether malaria control should differ between rural and urban areas complicate both the analysis of available data and the development of intervention strategies. this report examines the approach of the international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) to urban malaria in brazil, colombia, indi ... | 2015 | 26259941 |
| the activity of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr in mosquito bioassay: towards a more rational testing and screening of non-neurotoxic insecticides for malaria vector control. | the rapid selection of pyrethroid resistance throughout sub-saharan africa is a serious threat to malaria vector control. chlorfenapyr is a pyrrole insecticide which shows no cross resistance to insecticide classes normally used for vector control and is effective on mosquito nets under experimental hut conditions. unlike neurotoxic insecticides, chlorfenapyr owes its toxicity to disruption of metabolic pathways in mitochondria that enable cellular respiration. a series of experiments explored w ... | 2015 | 25879231 |
| characterization of anopheles gambiae (african malaria mosquito) ferritin and the effect of iron on intracellular localization in mosquito cells. | ferritin is a 24-subunit molecule, made up of heavy chain (hc) and light chain (lc) subunits, which stores and controls the release of dietary iron in mammals, plants, and insects. in mosquitoes, dietary iron taken in a bloodmeal is stored inside ferritin. our previous work has demonstrated the transport of dietary iron to the ovaries via ferritin during oogenesis. we evaluated the localization of ferritin subunits inside ccl-125 [aedes aegypti linnaeus (diptera: culicidae), yellow fever mosquit ... | 2015 | 26078302 |
| crepuscular behavioral variation and profiling of opsin genes in anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae). | we understand little about photo-preference and the molecular mechanisms governing vision-dependent behavior in vector mosquitoes. investigations of the influence of photo-preference on adult mosquito behaviors such as endophagy and exophagy and endophily and exophily will enhance our ability to develop and deploy vector-targeted interventions and monitoring techniques. our laboratory-based analyses have revealed that crepuscular period photo-preference differs between an. gambiae and an. stephe ... | 2015 | 26334802 |
| increased production of pirnas from euchromatic clusters and genes in anopheles gambiae compared with drosophila melanogaster. | specific genomic loci, termed piwi-interacting rna (pirna) clusters, manufacture pirnas that serve as guides for the inactivation of complementary transposable elements (tes). the pirna pathway has been accurately detailed in drosophila melanogaster, while it remains poorly examined in other insects. this pathway is increasingly recognized as critical for germline development and reproduction. understanding of the pirna functions in mosquitoes could offer an opportunity for disease vector contro ... | 2015 | 26617674 |
| malaria prevalence in bata district, equatorial guinea: a cross-sectional study. | malaria has traditionally been a leading public health problem in equatorial guinea. after completion, in september 2011, of the integrated set of interventions against malaria launched by the global fund malaria programme in the mainland area, the epidemiological situation of malaria remains unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence rate of malaria and associated factors based on the rapid diagnosis test (rdt) in bata district, in order to provide evidence that will reinf ... | 2015 | 26573911 |
| a genome-scale investigation of incongruence in culicidae mosquitoes. | comparison of individual gene trees in several recent phylogenomic studies from diverse lineages has revealed a surprising amount of topological conflict or incongruence, but we still know relatively little about its distribution across the tree of life. to further our understanding of incongruence, the factors that contribute to it and how it can be ameliorated, we examined its distribution in a clade of 20 culicidae mosquito species through the reconstruction and analysis of the phylogenetic h ... | 2015 | 26608059 |
| malaria epidemiology and control within the international centers of excellence for malaria research. | understanding the epidemiological features and metrics of malaria in endemic populations is a key component to monitoring and quantifying the impact of current and past control efforts to inform future ones. the international centers of excellence for malaria research (icemr) has the opportunity to evaluate the impact of malaria control interventions across endemic regions that differ in the dominant plasmodium species, mosquito vector species, resistance to antimalarial drugs and human genetic ... | 2015 | 26259946 |
| major decrease in malaria transmission on mayotte island. | plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most malaria cases on mayotte island, in the comorian archipelago. malaria is endemic and a major public health problem in the archipelago with an intense, stable and permanent transmission. this study reports results of 8 years of malaria surveillance from 2007 to 2014 after the strengthening of malaria control activities in mayotte and the neighbouring islands. | 2015 | 26285699 |
| decrease of larval and subsequent adult anopheles sergentii populations following feeding of adult mosquitoes from bacillus sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits. | bacillus sphaericus is a mosquito-larvae pathogen which proliferates in the host cadavers, spreading and preserving the infection within the larval habitats for prolonged periods. in this pilot field study, we presented b. sphaericus-containing attractive sugar baits (asb) to wild anopheles sergentii adults, with the assumption that bait-fed, b. sphaericus-carrying mosquitoes are able to efficiently transmit the pathogen to the larval habitats, causing larval mortality and leading to a decrease ... | 2015 | 25899788 |
| analysing the oviposition behaviour of malaria mosquitoes: design considerations for improving two-choice egg count experiments. | choice egg-count bioassays are a popular tool for analysing oviposition substrate preferences of gravid mosquitoes. this study aimed at improving the design of two-choice experiments for measuring oviposition substrates preferences of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae senso lato, a mosquito that lays single eggs. | 2015 | 26088669 |
| malaria impact of large dams in sub-saharan africa: maps, estimates and predictions. | while there is growing recognition of the malaria impacts of large dams in sub-saharan africa, the cumulative malaria impact of reservoirs associated with current and future dam developments has not been quantified. the objective of this study was to estimate the current and predict the future impact of large dams on malaria in different eco-epidemiological settings across sub-saharan africa. | 2015 | 26337834 |
| a systematic, realist review of zooprophylaxis for malaria control. | integrated vector management (ivm) is recommended as a sustainable approach to malaria control. ivm consists of combining vector control methods based on scientific evidence to maximize efficacy and cost-effectiveness while minimizing negative impacts, such as insecticide resistance and environmental damage. zooprophylaxis has been identified as a possible component of ivm as livestock may draw mosquitoes away from humans, decreasing human-vector contact and malaria transmission. it is possible, ... | 2015 | 26264913 |
| isolation and propagation of a spiroplasma sp. from slovakian ixodes ricinus ticks in ixodes spp. cell lines. | ixodes spp. ticks are known to occasionally harbour spiroplasmas - helical mycoplasmas in the class mollicutes; a previous study in slovakia reported an overall prevalence of spiroplasma ixodetis of 3% in ixodes ricinus. in the present study, extracts of unfed adult i. ricinus ticks collected from vegetation in south-western slovakia were added to a panel of cell lines derived from i. ricinus and ixodes scapularis embryos. the cultures were monitored by preparation and examination of giemsa-stai ... | 2015 | 26003954 |
| implications for changes in anopheles darlingi biting behaviour in three communities in the peri-iquitos region of amazonian peru. | malaria transmission in the peri-iquitos region of amazonian peru has been designated as seasonal and hypo-endemic with recently described hyper-endemic hotspots. despite relatively recent distribution of long-lasting insecticidal bed nets (llins), malaria in amazonian peru persists and increased substantially in 2014 compared to previous years. anopheles darlingi, identified as the main malaria vector, is known for its variable behaviour depending on locality and environment. | 2015 | 26223450 |
| long-lasting insecticidal nets no longer effectively kill the highly resistant anopheles funestus of southern mozambique. | chemical insecticides are crucial to malaria control and elimination programmes. the frontline vector control interventions depend mainly on pyrethroids; all long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and more than 80% of indoor residual spraying (irs) campaigns use chemicals from this class. this extensive use of pyrethroids imposes a strong selection pressure for resistance in mosquito populations, and so continuous resistance monitoring and evaluation are important. as pyrethroids have also been ... | 2015 | 26242977 |
| treatment of livestock with systemic insecticides for control of anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | despite the implementation of vector control strategies, including insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) in western kenya, this area still experiences high level of malaria transmission. novel vector control tools are required which target such vector species, such as anopheles arabiensis, that feed outdoors and have minimal contact with itns and irs. | 2015 | 26377691 |
| protobug: functional families from the complete proteomes of insects. | protobug (http://www.protobug.cs.huji.ac.il) is a database and resource of protein families in arthropod genomes. protobug platform presents the relatedness of complete proteomes from 17 insects as well as a proteome of the crustacean, daphnia pulex. the represented proteomes from insects include louse, bee, beetle, ants, flies and mosquitoes. based on an unsupervised clustering method, protein sequences were clustered into a hierarchical tree, called protobug. protobug covers about 300,000 sequ ... | 2015 | 25911153 |
| outdoor biting by anopheles mosquitoes on bioko island does not currently impact on malaria control. | there have been many recent reports that the rate of outdoor biting by malaria vectors has increased. this study examined the impact this might have on malaria transmission by assessing the association between exposure to outdoor bites and malaria infection on bioko island, equatorial guinea. | 2015 | 25895674 |
| changes in malaria epidemiology in a rural area of cubal, angola. | scarce information about malaria epidemiology in angola has been published. the objective of this study is to describe the epidemiology of malaria at the hospital nossa senhora da paz (cubal, angola) and the fatality rate due to malaria (total and in children under five years) in the last five years. | 2015 | 25604647 |
| biting behaviour of african malaria vectors: 1. where do the main vector species bite on the human body? | malaria control in africa relies heavily on indoor vector management, primarily indoor residual spraying and insecticide treated bed nets. little is known about outdoor biting behaviour or even the dynamics of indoor biting and infection risk of sleeping household occupants. in this paper we explore the preferred biting sites on the human body and some of the ramifications regarding infection risk and exposure management. | 2015 | 25650005 |
| functional characterization of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase from bactrocera dorsalis: possible involvement in susceptibility to malathion. | nadph cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is essential for cytochrome p450 catalysis, which is important in the detoxification and activation of xenobiotics. in this study, two transcripts of bactrocera dorsalis cpr (bdcpr) were cloned, and the deduced amino-acid sequence had an n-terminus membrane anchor for bdcpr-x1 and three conserved binding domains (fmn, fad, and nadp), as well as an fad binding motif and catalytic residues for both bdcpr-x1 and bdcpr-x2. bdcpr-x1 was detected to have the high ... | 2015 | 26681597 |
| the emergence of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus (diptera: culicidae) from sentinel sites in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe. | insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors poses severe challenges for stakeholders responsible for controlling the disease. during the 2013/14 season, malaria vector sentinel sites in mutare and mutasa districts, zimbabwe, experienced high presence of gravid malaria vector mosquitoes resting indoors in recently pyrethroid-sprayed structures. subsequently, an evaluation of insecticide resistance in anopheles funestus populations, the major malaria vector, was conducted to better inform the ... | 2015 | 26589891 |
| where have all the mosquito nets gone? spatial modelling reveals mosquito net distributions across tanzania do not target optimal anopheles mosquito habitats. | malaria remains the deadliest vector-borne disease despite long-term, costly control efforts. the united republic of tanzania has implemented countrywide anti-malarial interventions over more than a decade, including national insecticide-treated net (itn) rollouts and subsequent monitoring. while previous analyses have compared spatial variation in malaria endemicity with itn distributions, no study has yet compared anopheles habitat suitability to determine proper allocation of itns. this study ... | 2015 | 26283538 |
| outdoor-sleeping and other night-time activities in northern ghana: implications for residual transmission and malaria prevention. | despite targeted indoor residual spraying (irs) over a six-year period and free mass distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (itns), malaria rates in northern ghana remain high. outdoor sleeping and other night-time social, cultural and economic activities that increase exposure to infective mosquito bites are possible contributors. this study was designed to document these phenomena through direct observation, and to explore the context in which they occur. | 2015 | 25627277 |
| human-to-mosquito transmission efficiency increases as malaria is controlled. | the efficiency of malaria transmission between human and mosquito has been shown to be influenced by many factors in the laboratory, although their impact in the field and how this changes with disease endemicity are unknown. here we estimate how human-mosquito transmission changed as malaria was controlled in dielmo, senegal. mathematical models were fit to data collected between 1990 and the start of vector control in 2008. results show that asexual parasite slide prevalence in humans has redu ... | 2015 | 25597498 |
| effects of starvation on deltamethrin tolerance in bed bugs, cimex lectularius l. (hemiptera: cimicidae). | bed bugs, cimex lectularius l., are a major pest in the urban environment. their presence often results in physical, psychological, and financial distress of homeowners and apartment dwellers. although many insecticide bioassays have been performed on this pest, little attention has been paid to bed bug feeding status, which is closely linked to metabolism, molting, and mass. therefore, we evaluated the toxicity of topically applied deltamethrin on insecticide susceptible adult male bed bugs fed ... | 2015 | 26463068 |
| distribution of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes along an altitudinal transect in western cameroon. | highland areas are hypoendemic zones of malaria and are therefore prone to epidemics, due to lack of protective immunity. so far, cameroon has not succeeded in implementing a convenient and effective method to detect, prevent and forecast malaria epidemic in these peculiar zones. this monitoring and evaluation study aims to assess the operational feasibility of using the human malaria infectious reservoir (hmir) and the malaria-attributable fraction of fever episodes (mafe) as indicators, in des ... | 2015 | 25889511 |
| sugarcane giant borer transcriptome analysis and identification of genes related to digestion. | sugarcane is a widely cultivated plant that serves primarily as a source of sugar and ethanol. its annual yield can be significantly reduced by the action of several insect pests including the sugarcane giant borer (telchin licus licus), a lepidopteran that presents a long life cycle and which efforts to control it using pesticides have been inefficient. although its economical relevance, only a few dna sequences are available for this species in the genbank. pyrosequencing technology was used t ... | 2015 | 25706301 |
| bayesian variable selection in modelling geographical heterogeneity in malaria transmission from sparse data: an application to nouna health and demographic surveillance system (hdss) data, burkina faso. | quantification of malaria heterogeneity is very challenging, partly because of the underlying characteristics of mosquitoes and also because malaria is an environmentally driven disease. furthermore, in order to assess the spatial and seasonal variability in malaria transmission, vector data need to be collected repeatedly over time (at fixed geographical locations). measurements collected at locations close to each other and over time tend to be correlated because of common exposures such as en ... | 2015 | 25888970 |
| comparative structural and functional analysis of the larval and adult dorsal vessel and its role in hemolymph circulation in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | hemolymph circulation in insects is driven primarily by the contractile action of a dorsal vessel, which is divided into an abdominal heart and a thoracic aorta. as holometabolous insects, mosquitoes undergo striking morphological and physiological changes during metamorphosis. this study presents a comprehensive structural and functional analysis of the larval and adult dorsal vessel in the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. using intravital video imaging we show that, unlike the adult heart, ... | 2014 | 25524976 |
| high levels of asymptomatic and subpatent plasmodium falciparum parasite carriage at health facilities in an area of heterogeneous malaria transmission intensity in the kenyan highlands. | in endemic settings, health facility surveys provide a convenient approach to estimating malaria transmission intensity. typically, testing for malaria at facilities is performed on symptomatic attendees, but asymptomatic infections comprise a considerable proportion of the parasite reservoir. we sampled individuals attending five health facilities in the western kenyan highlands. malaria prevalence by rapid diagnostic test (rdt) was 8.6-32.9% in the health facilities. of all polymerase chain re ... | 2014 | 25331807 |
| de novo sequencing, assembly and characterization of antennal transcriptome of anomala corpulenta motschulsky (coleoptera: rutelidae). | anomala corpulenta is an important insect pest and can cause enormous economic losses in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. it is widely distributed in china, and both larvae and adults can cause serious damage. it is difficult to control this pest because the larvae live underground. any new control strategy should exploit alternatives to heavily and frequently used chemical insecticides. however, little genetic research has been carried out on a. corpulenta due to the lack of genomic reso ... | 2014 | 25461610 |
| differential antibody response to the anopheles gambiae gsg6 and ce5 salivary proteins in individuals naturally exposed to bites of malaria vectors. | mosquito saliva plays crucial roles in blood feeding but also evokes in hosts an anti-saliva antibody response. the igg response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 was previously shown to be a reliable indicator of human exposure to afrotropical malaria vectors. we analyzed here the humoral response to the salivary anti-thrombin ce5 in a group of individuals from a malaria hyperendemic area of burkina faso. | 2014 | 25428638 |
| serological markers for monitoring historical changes in malaria transmission intensity in a highly endemic region of western kenya, 1994-2009. | monitoring local malaria transmission intensity is essential for planning evidence-based control strategies and evaluating their impact over time. anti-malarial antibodies provide information on cumulative exposure and have proven useful, in areas where transmission has dropped to low sustained levels, for retrospectively reconstructing the timing and magnitude of transmission reduction. it is unclear whether serological markers are also informative in high transmission settings, where intervent ... | 2014 | 25416454 |
| namibia's path toward malaria elimination: a case study of malaria strategies and costs along the northern border. | low malaria transmission in namibia suggests that elimination is possible, but the risk of imported malaria from angola remains a challenge. this case study reviews the early transition of a program shift from malaria control to elimination in three northern regions of namibia that comprise the trans-kunene malaria initiative (tkmi): kunene, omusati, and ohangwena. | 2014 | 25409682 |
| cost-effectiveness of larviciding for urban malaria control in tanzania. | larviciding for malaria control can contribute to an integrated vector management (ivm) approach. this intervention is currently supported in settings where breeding habitats are 'few, fixed, and findable', such as urban areas of sub-saharan africa, but the knowledge base regarding the cost-effectiveness of larviciding is non-existent. | 2014 | 25476586 |
| igg1 and igg4 antibody responses to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 in the sympatric ethnic groups mossi and fulani in a malaria hyperhendemic area of burkina faso. | human antibody response to the anopheles gambiae salivary protein gsg6 has recently emerged as a potentially useful tool for malaria epidemiological studies and for the evaluation of vector control interventions. however, the current understanding of the host immune response to mosquito salivary proteins and of the possible crosstalk with early response to plasmodium parasites is still very limited. we report here the analysis of igg1 and igg4 subclasses among anti-gsg6 igg responders belonging ... | 2014 | 24760038 |
| comparison of a mobile phone-based malaria reporting system with source participant register data for capturing spatial and temporal trends in epidemiological indicators of malaria transmission collected by community health workers in rural zambia. | timeliness, completeness, and accuracy are key requirements for any surveillance system to reliably monitor disease burden and guide efficient resource prioritization. evidence that electronic reporting of malaria cases by community health workers (chws) meet these requirements remains limited. | 2014 | 25495698 |
| multisensor earth observations to characterize wetlands and malaria epidemiology in ethiopia. | malaria is a major global public health problem, particularly in sub-saharan africa. the spatial heterogeneity of malaria can be affected by factors such as hydrological processes, physiography, and land cover patterns. tropical wetlands, for example, are important hydrological features that can serve as mosquito breeding habitats. mapping and monitoring of wetlands using satellite remote sensing can thus help to target interventions aimed at reducing malaria transmission. the objective of this ... | 2014 | 25653462 |
| transcriptome-based identification of abc transporters in the western tarnished plant bug lygus hesperus. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are a large superfamily of proteins that mediate diverse physiological functions by coupling atp hydrolysis with substrate transport across lipid membranes. in insects, these proteins play roles in metabolism, development, eye pigmentation, and xenobiotic clearance. while abc transporters have been extensively studied in vertebrates, less is known concerning this superfamily in insects, particularly hemipteran pests. we used rna-seq transcriptome sequencin ... | 2014 | 25401762 |
| genome-wide patterns of polymorphism in an inbred line of the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae. | anopheles gambiae is a major mosquito vector of malaria in africa. although increased use of insecticide-based vector control tools has decreased malaria transmission, elimination is likely to require novel genetic control strategies. it can be argued that the absence of an a. gambiae inbred line has slowed progress toward genetic vector control. in order to empower genetic studies and enable precise and reproducible experimentation, we set out to create an inbred line of this species. we found ... | 2014 | 25377942 |
| monitoring, characterization and control of chronic, symptomatic malaria infections in rural zambia through monthly household visits by paid community health workers. | active, population-wide mass screening and treatment (msat) for chronic plasmodium falciparum carriage to eliminate infectious reservoirs of malaria transmission have proven difficult to apply on large national scales through trained clinicians from central health authorities. | 2014 | 24678631 |
| long-lasting control of anopheles arabiensis by a single spray application of micro-encapsulated pirimiphos-methyl (actellic® 300 cs). | pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes are an increasing threat to malaria vector control. the global plan for insecticide resistance management (gpirm) recommends rotation of non-pyrethroid insecticides for indoor residual spraying (irs). the options from other classes are limited. the carbamate bendiocarb and the organophosphate pirimiphos-methyl (p-methyl) emulsifiable concentrate (ec) have a short residual duration of action, resulting in increased costs due to multiple spray cycles, and user fatig ... | 2014 | 24476070 |
| high burden of malaria following scale-up of control interventions in nchelenge district, luapula province, zambia. | malaria control interventions have been scaled-up in zambia in conjunction with a malaria surveillance system. although substantial progress has been achieved in reducing morbidity and mortality, national and local information demonstrated marked heterogeneity in the impact of malaria control across the country. this study reports the high burden of malaria in nchelenge district, luapula province, zambia from 2006 to 2012 after seven years of control measures. | 2014 | 24755108 |
| an environmental data set for vector-borne disease modeling and epidemiology. | understanding the environmental conditions of disease transmission is important in the study of vector-borne diseases. low- and middle-income countries bear a significant portion of the disease burden; but data about weather conditions in those countries can be sparse and difficult to reconstruct. here, we describe methods to assemble high-resolution gridded time series data sets of air temperature, relative humidity, land temperature, and rainfall for such areas; and we test these methods on th ... | 2014 | 24755954 |
| central projections of gustatory receptor neurons in the medial and the lateral sensilla styloconica of helicoverpa armigera larvae. | food selection behavior of lepidopteran larvae is predominantly governed by the activation of taste neurons present in two sensilla styloconica located on the galea of the maxilla. in this study, we present the ultrastructure of the sensilla styloconica and the central projection pattern of their associated receptor neurons in larvae of the heliothine moth, helicoverpa armigera. by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the previous findings of two morphologically fairly sim ... | 2014 | 24740428 |
| cuticular differences associated with aridity acclimation in african malaria vectors carrying alternative arrangements of inversion 2la. | principal malaria vectors in africa, an. gambiae and an. coluzzii, share an inversion polymorphism on the left arm of chromosome 2 (2la/2l+a) that is distributed non-randomly in the environment. genomic sequencing studies support the role of strong natural selection in maintaining steep clines in 2la inversion frequency along environmental gradients of aridity, and physiological studies have directly implicated 2la in heat and desiccation tolerance, but the precise genetic basis and the underlyi ... | 2014 | 24721548 |
| cutprotfam-pred: detection and classification of putative structural cuticular proteins from sequence alone, based on profile hidden markov models. | the arthropod cuticle is a composite, bipartite system, made of chitin filaments embedded in a proteinaceous matrix. the physical properties of cuticle are determined by the structure and the interactions of its two major components, cuticular proteins (cps) and chitin. the proteinaceous matrix consists mainly of structural cuticular proteins. the majority of the structural proteins that have been described to date belong to the cpr family, and they are identified by the conserved r&r region (reb ... | 2014 | 24978609 |
| evaluation of the accuracy of the easytest™ malaria pf/pan ag, a rapid diagnostic test, in uganda. | in recent years, rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) have been widely used for malaria detection, primarily because of their simple operation, fast results, and straightforward interpretation. the asan easytest™ malaria pf/pan ag is one of the most commonly used malaria rdts in several countries, including korea and india. in this study, we tested the diagnostic performance of this rdt in uganda to evaluate its usefulness for field diagnosis of malaria in this country. microscopic and pcr analyses, an ... | 2014 | 25352698 |
| a multicopper oxidase-related protein is essential for insect viability, longevity and ovary development. | typical multicopper oxidases (mcos) have ten conserved histidines and one conserved cysteine that coordinate four copper atoms. these copper ions are required for oxidase activity. during our studies of insect mcos, we discovered a gene that we named multicopper oxidase-related protein (mcorp). mcorps share sequence similarity with mcos, but lack many of the copper-coordinating residues. we identified mcorp orthologs in many insect species, but not in other invertebrates or vertebrates. we predi ... | 2014 | 25330116 |
| clinical malaria case definition and malaria attributable fraction in the highlands of western kenya. | in african highland areas where endemicity of malaria varies greatly according to altitude and topography, parasitaemia accompanied by fever may not be sufficient to define an episode of clinical malaria in endemic areas. to evaluate the effectiveness of malaria interventions, age-specific case definitions of clinical malaria needs to be determined. cases of clinical malaria through active case surveillance were quantified in a highland area in kenya and defined clinical malaria for different ag ... | 2014 | 25318705 |
| widespread pyrethroid and ddt resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus in east africa is driven by metabolic resistance mechanisms. | establishing the extent, geographical distribution and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a prerequisite for resistance management. here, we report a widespread distribution of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector an. funestus across uganda and western kenya under the control of metabolic resistance mechanisms. | 2014 | 25333491 |
| the red imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta buren) kept y not f: predicted snpy endogenous ligands deorphanize the short npf (snpf) receptor. | neuropeptides and their receptors play vital roles in controlling the physiology and behavior of animals. short neuropeptide f (snpf) signaling regulates several physiological processes in insects such as feeding, locomotion, circadian rhythm and reproduction, among others. previously, the red imported fire ant (solenopsis invicta) snpf receptor (s. invicta snpfr), a g protein-coupled receptor, was immunolocalized in queen and worker brain and queen ovaries. differential distribution patterns of ... | 2014 | 25310341 |
| insecticide resistance and role in malaria transmission of anopheles funestus populations from zambia and zimbabwe. | two mitochondrial dna clades have been described in anopheles funestus populations from southern africa. clade i is common across the continent while clade ii is known only from mozambique and madagascar. the specific biological status of these clades is at present unknown. we investigated the possible role that each clade might play in the transmission of plasmodium falciparum and the insecticide resistance status of an. funestus from zimbabwe and zambia. | 2014 | 25293669 |
| modeling the cost effectiveness of malaria control interventions in the highlands of western kenya. | tools that allow for in silico optimization of available malaria control strategies can assist the decision-making process for prioritizing interventions. the openmalaria stochastic simulation modeling platform can be applied to simulate the impact of interventions singly and in combination as implemented in rachuonyo south district, western kenya, to support this goal. | 2014 | 25290939 |
| the highly polymorphic cyp6m7 cytochrome p450 gene partners with the directionally selected cyp6p9a and cyp6p9b genes to expand the pyrethroid resistance front in the malaria vector anopheles funestus in africa. | pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector anopheles funestus is rapidly expanding across southern africa. it remains unknown whether this resistance has a unique origin with the same molecular basis or is multifactorial. knowledge of the origin, mechanisms and evolution of resistance are crucial to designing successful resistance management strategies. | 2014 | 25261072 |
| challenges in malaria research: core science and innovation. | 2014 | 25252873 | |
| insecticide-treated net wall hangings for malaria vector control: an experimental hut study in north-eastern tanzania. | alternative long-lasting, practical and effective tools for applying insecticides on home walls against malaria vectors need to be developed. the use of wall hangings made from netting on interior walls for aesthetic purposes is a common practice in rural communities. insecticide-treated net wall hangings can be produced in a long-lasting format and used in an approach that simulates indoor residual spraying (irs). | 2014 | 25231168 |
| evaluation of universal coverage of insecticide-treated nets in western kenya: field surveys. | mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets (itns) is a cost-effective way to achieve universal coverage, but maintaining this coverage is more difficult. in addition to commonly used indicators, evaluation of universal coverage should include coverage of effective nets and changes in coverage over time. | 2014 | 25187326 |