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human immune responses to burkholderia pseudomallei characterized by protein microarray analysis.we aimed to determine the antibody and t cell responses to burkholderia pseudomallei of humans to select candidate vaccine antigens.201121300673
the cluster 1 type vi secretion system is a major virulence determinant in burkholderia pseudomallei.the burkholderia pseudomallei k96243 genome encodes six type vi secretion systems (t6sss), but little is known about the role of these systems in the biology of b. pseudomallei. in this study, we purified recombinant hcp proteins from each t6ss and tested them as vaccine candidates in the balb/c mouse model of melioidosis. recombinant hcp2 protected 80% of mice against a lethal challenge with k96243, while recombinant hcp1, hcp3, and hcp6 protected 50% of mice against challenge. hcp6 was the onl ...201121300775
burkholderia cepacia complex: beyond pseudomonas and acinetobacter.burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is an important nosocomial pathogen in hospitalised patients, particularly those with prior broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy. bcc causes infections that include bacteraemia, urinary tract infection, septic arthritis, peritonitis and respiratory tract infection. due to high intrinsic resistance and being one of the most antimicrobial-resistant organisms encountered in the clinical laboratory, these infections can prove very difficult to treat and, in some ca ...201121304187
new detection systems of bacteria using highly selective media designed by smart: selective medium-design algorithm restricted by two constraints.culturing is an indispensable technique in microbiological research, and culturing with selective media has played a crucial role in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms and the isolation of commercially useful microorganisms from environmental samples. although numerous selective media have been developed in empirical studies, unintended microorganisms often grow on such media probably due to the enormous numbers of microorganisms in the environment. here, we present a novel strategy for ...201121304596
molecular analysis of bacterial communities in uranium ores and surrounding soils from banduhurang open cast uranium mine, india: a comparative study.bacterial community structure of heavy metal rich- uranium ores and surrounding soils was explored using 16s rrna gene based clone library analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) to provide baseline microbial diversity data on autochthonous communities. sequence analysis of major ribotypes and/or dgge bands revealed proteobacteria and acidobacteria as the two most frequently present bacterial phyla across the samples, although relative abundance of each phyla and identity of ...201121308598
development of a strain for efficient degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by patchwork assembly of degradation pathways.rhodococcus jostii rha1 accumulates chlorobenzoates (cba) during the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). cba degradation is considered one of the rate-limiting steps in the complete degradation of pcbs. to reduce the accumulation of cbas, the upper pathway enzyme genes for pcb degradation of rha1 were introduced into a cba-degrading bacterium, burkholderia sp. nk8. the resulting recombinant strain exhibited no biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (bpha) activity encoded by bphaaabacad genes, wh ...201121310654
economic effects of an eradication protocol for first appearance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients: 1995 vs. 2009.acquisition of pseudomonas aeruginosa (psa) and infection with mucoid strains is associated with repeated pulmonary exacerbations which often require intravenous and long-term nebulised antibiotic treatments, repeated hospitalizations and leads to a more precipitous decline in lung function. anti-psa antibiotic therapy early in the course of psa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) may result in eradication of psa and prevention or delay of colonization with the organism. from january ...201121310671
environmental burkholderia cepacia strain cs5 acting by two analogous alkyl-quinolones and a didecyl-phthalate against a broad spectrum of phytopathogens fungi.an environmental burkholderia cepacia strain named cs5 was isolated and identified first using api biochemical identification system and then with 16s rdna and reca sequence homology search. this bacterium exhibited a broad spectrum of fungicidal activities against alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger, fusarium culmorum, f. graminearum, f. oxysporum and rhizoctonia solani. in the liquid conditions, the mic of a. niger and r. solani were reached with, respectively, 1.25-2% of the cs5 liquid cu ...201121311886
regulation of sulfur assimilation pathways in burkholderia cenocepacia through control of genes by the ssur transcription factor.the genome of burkholderia cenocepacia contains two genes encoding closely related lysr-type transcriptional regulators, cysb and ssur, involved in control of sulfur assimilation processes. in this study we show that the function of ssur is essential for the utilization of a number of organic sulfur sources of either environmental or human origin. among the genes upregulated by ssur identified here are the tauabc operon encoding a predicted taurine transporter, three taud-type genes encoding put ...201121317335
transport and bacterial interactions of three bacterial strains in saturated column experiments.the impact of bacteria-solid and bacteria-bacteria interactions on the transport of klebsiella oxytoca, burkholderia cepacia g4pr1, and pseudomonas sp. #5 was investigated in saturated sand column experiments (l = 114 mm; ø = 33 mm) under constant water velocities (~ 5 cm · h(-1)). bacterial strains were injected into the columns as pulses either individually, simultaneously, or successively. a one-dimensional mathematical model for advective-dispersive transport and for irreversible and reversi ...201121319738
in vitro susceptibility of burkholderia vietnamiensis to aminoglycosides.burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) bacteria are opportunistic pathogens that can cause severe disease in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients and other immunocompromised individuals and are typically multidrug resistant. here we observed that unlike other bcc species, most environmental and clinical burkholderia vietnamiensis isolates were intrinsically susceptible to aminoglycosides but not to cationic antimicrobial peptides or polymyxin b. furthermore, strains acquired aminoglycoside resistance durin ...201121321142
dna fingerprinting of septicemic and localized burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from malaysian patients.we have analysed dna fingerprinting patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of 52 unrelated burkholderia pseudomallei strains isolated from septicemic and localized infections from malaysian subjects. a total of 38 pfge types were observed among 36 septicemic and 16 localized strains with no predominant pattern. type 25 was seen in 2 epidemiologically related strains, suggesting human to human transmission. twelve pfge types were shared among 26 strains (21 septicemic and 5 localized ...201121323173
drug and light delivery strategies for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (pact) of pulmonary pathogens: a pilot study.pulmonary disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (cf) suffers, with multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia complex as problematic pathogens in terms of recurrent and unremitting infections. novel treatment of pulmonary infection is required to improve the prognosis and quality of life for chronically infected patients. photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (pact) is a treatment combining exposure to a light reactive drug, with light ...201121333929
identification of motifs of burkholderia pseudomallei bima required for intracellular motility, actin binding, and actin polymerization.actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei requires bima (burkholderia intracellular motility a). the mechanism by which bima mediates actin assembly at the bacterial pole is ill-defined. toward an understanding of the regions of b. pseudomallei bima required for intracellular motility and the binding and polymerization of actin, we constructed plasmid-borne bima variants and glutathione-s-transferase fusion proteins with in-frame deletions of specific motifs. a 1 ...201121335455
elucidation of the regulon and cis-acting regulatory element of hrpb, the arac-type regulator of a plant pathogen-like type iii secretion system in burkholderia pseudomallei.the human pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei possesses multiple type iii secretion system (t3ss) gene clusters. one of these, the b. pseudomallei t3ss2 (t3ss2(bp)) gene cluster, which apparently plays no role in animal virulence, is also found in six additional burkholderia spp. and is very similar to t3sss found in phytopathogenic xanthomonas spp. and ralstonia solanacearum. the t3ss2(bp) gene cluster also encodes an arac-type regulatory protein (hrpb(bp)) that is an ortholog of hrpb, the maste ...201121335458
quantitative proteomics (2-d dige) reveals molecular strategies employed by burkholderia cenocepacia to adapt to the airways of cystic fibrosis patients under antimicrobial therapy.chronic respiratory infections caused by burkholderia cenocepacia in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) are characterized by low responsiveness to antibiotic therapy and, in general, to a more rapid decline of lung function. to get clues into the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptive strategies employed to deal with the stressing conditions of the cf lung including antibiotic therapy, quantitative proteomics (2-d dige) was used to compare the expression programs of two clonal isolates ret ...201121337515
activity of a novel combination against multidrug-resistant nonfermenters: ceftazidime plus nxl104.ampc overexpression appears to be a significant mechanism of ß-lactam resistance in pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermenter gram-negatives. the article under review describes the in vitro activity of a novel combination ceftazidime plus nxl104, against ceftazidime-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia complex and oxa carbapenemase-producing acinetobacter baumannii. the study results show that nxl104 overcomes the ceftazidime resistance engendered by ampc enzymes, even when ...201121342064
consistency of gene starts among burkholderia genomes.evolutionary divergence in the position of the translational start site among orthologous genes can have significant functional impacts. divergence can alter the translation rate, degradation rate, subcellular location, and function of the encoded proteins.201121342528
in vitro activity of fusidic acid (cem-102, sodium fusidate) against staphylococcus aureus isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and its effect on the activities of tobramycin and amikacin against pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia.we tested the mics of fusidic acid (cem-102) plus other agents against 40 methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolates from cystic fibrosis patients and the activities of fusidic acid with or without tobramycin or amikacin against pseudomonas aeruginosa, mrsa, and burkholderia cepacia isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in a 24-h time-kill study. fusidic acid was potent (mics, 0.125 to 0.5 µg/ml; a single 500-mg dose of fusidic acid at 8 h averaged 8 to 12. 5 µg/ml with 91 to 9 ...201121343445
involvement of the efflux pumps in chloramphenicol selected strains of burkholderia thailandensis: proteomic and mechanistic evidence.burkholderia is a bacterial genus comprising several pathogenic species, including two species highly pathogenic for humans, b. pseudomallei and b. mallei. b. thailandensis is a weakly pathogenic species closely related to both b. pseudomallei and b. mallei. it is used as a study model. these bacteria are able to exhibit multiple resistance mechanisms towards various families of antibiotics. by sequentially plating b. thailandensis wild type strains on chloramphenicol we obtained several resista ...201121347382
acyldepsipeptide hdac inhibitor production induced in burkholderia thailandensis.natural product gene clusters are often tightly regulated, resulting in gene cluster silencing in laboratory fermentation studies. the systematic overexpression of transcription factors (tfs) associated with biosynthetic gene clusters found in the genome of burkholderia thailandensis e264 identified a set of tfs that, when overexpressed, alter the secondary metabolome of this bacterium. the isolation and characterization of burkholdacs a and b, two new acyldepsitripeptide histone deacetylase inh ...201121348454
five novel acid-tolerant oligotrophic thiosulfate-metabolizing chemolithotrophic acid mine drainage strains affiliated with the genus burkholderia of betaproteobacteria and identification of two novel soxb gene homologues.five acid-tolerant thiosulfate-metabolizing bacteria were isolated from acid mine drainage samples from garubathan, india. 16s rrna gene analysis revealed that the strains were affiliated with the genus burkholderia of the class of betaproteobacteria. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analyses indicated that the strains designated as gah1 and gah2 produced a separate phylogenetic branch having burkholderia pyrrocinia atcc 51958(t) (96-98%) as the closest relative. strains gah4 and burkholderia ...201121349327
molecular mechanisms of chlorhexidine tolerance in burkholderia cenocepacia biofilms.the high tolerance of biofilm-grown burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria against antimicrobial agents presents considerable problems for the treatment of infected cystic fibrosis patients and the implementation of infection control guidelines. in the present study, we analyzed the tolerance of planktonic and sessile burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 cultures and examined the transcriptional response of sessile cells to treatment with chlorhexidine. at low (0.0005%) and high (0.05%) concentrations, ...201121357299
leveraging structure determination with fragment screening for infectious disease drug targets: mecp synthase from burkholderia pseudomallei.as part of the seattle structural genomics center for infectious disease, we seek to enhance structural genomics with ligand-bound structure data which can serve as a blueprint for structure-based drug design. we have adapted fragment-based screening methods to our structural genomics pipeline to generate multiple ligand-bound structures of high priority drug targets from pathogenic organisms. in this study, we report fragment screening methods and structure determination results for 2c-methyl-d ...201121359640
hyphae-colonizing burkholderia sp.-a new source of biological control agents against sheath blight disease (rhizoctonia solani ag1-ia) in rice.sheath blight infection of rice by rhizoctonia solani kühn ag1-ia often results in serious yield losses in intensive rice cultivation. biological control agents (bcas) have previously been isolated but poor efficiency is often observed when applied under field conditions. this study compares a traditional dual-culture plate assay and a new water-surface microcosm assay for isolation of antagonistic soil bacteria. in the water-surface microcosm assay, floating pathogen mycelium is used as a sourc ...201121365233
phn and nag-like dioxygenases metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in burkholderia sp. c3.burkholderia sp. c3 can transform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), a class of ubiquitous pollutants, through multiple pathways, indicating existence of multiple dioxygenases (seo et al., in biodegradation 18:123-131, 2006a). both phn and nag-like genes in c3 were cloned and identified with the dna sequence alignment and the gene organization in the clusters. when cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, either the alpha- and beta-subunits of dioxygenase of the phn genes or the ferredoxi ...201121369832
predicting the success of fragment screening by x-ray crystallography.fragment screening using x-ray crystallography is a method that can provide direct three-dimensional readouts of the structures of protein-small molecule complexes for lead development and fragment-based drug discovery. with current technology, an amenable crystal form can be screened crystallographically against a library of 1000-2000 fragments in 1-2 weeks. we have performed over a dozen crystallographic screening campaigns using our own compound collection called fragments of life™ (fol). whi ...201121371588
shape-memory properties and degradation behavior of multifunctional electro-spun scaffolds.multifunctional polymer-based biomaterials, which combine degradability and shape-memory capability, are promising candidate materials for the realization of active self-anchoring implants. in this work we explored the shape-memory capability as well as the hydrolytic and enzymatic in vitro degradation behavior of electro-spun scaffolds prepared from a multiblock copolymer, containing hydrolytically degradable poly(p-dioxanone) (ppdo) and poly(e-caprolactone) (pcl) segments, which we have named ...201121374579
analogues of peptide smap-29 with comparable antimicrobial potency and reduced cytotoxicity.smap-29 (sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29) is a peptide with potent antibacterial properties. however, it is also highly cytotoxic both to human red blood cells (hrbcs) and human embryonic kidney (hek) cells. in this study, some of the amino acids of smap-29 were changed in an attempt to reduce haemolytic activity whilst maintaining high antibacterial efficacy. these analogues, plus other analogues described in the literature with potent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteri ...201121377841
identification of the bacterial endosymbionts in leaf nodules of pavetta (rubiaceae).three genera in rubiaceae (pavetta, psychotria and sericanthe) harbour bacterial endosymbionts within leaf nodules or galls. the present paper identifies the bacterial endophytes in three leaf nodulating pavetta species. in order to reveal their identity and assess their phylogenetic position, dna data from 16s rdna, reca and gyrb genes were sequenced from an extensive sampling of burkholderia strains. this multigene approach results in a robust phylogeny, which places the bacterial endosymbiont ...201121378132
systemic melioidiosis. 201121378433
a colorimetric assay for determination of methyl parathion using recombinant methyl parathion hydrolase.a simple, rapid and sensitive colorimetric dipstick assay for the detection of the organophosphorous insecticide methyl parathion (mpt) residue in vegetables was developed. the assay was based on the hydrolysis of mpt by a recombinant methyl parathion hydrolase (recmph), the encoding gene of which was isolated from burkholderia cepacia, a soil bacterium indigenous to thailand. this reaction generates protons leading to a change in ph that correlates with the amount of mph present. hence, the ph ...201121381204
characterization of n-acylhomoserine lactone-degrading bacteria associated with the zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizosphere: co-existence of quorum quenching and quorum sensing in acinetobacter and burkholderia.cell-to-cell communication (quorum sensing (qs)) co-ordinates bacterial behaviour at a population level. consequently the behaviour of a natural multi-species community is likely to depend at least in part on co-existing qs and quorum quenching (qq) activities. here we sought to discover novel n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl)-dependent qs and qq strains by investigating a bacterial community associated with the rhizosphere of ginger (zingiber officinale) growing in the malaysian rainforest.201121385437
burkholderia fungorum dbt1: a promising bacterial strain for bioremediation of pahs-contaminated soils.an extensive taxonomic analysis of the bacterial strain burkholderia sp. dbt1, previously isolated from an oil refinery wastewater drainage, is discussed here. this strain is capable of transforming dibenzothiophene through the 'destructive' oxidative pathway referred to as the kodama pathway. burkholderia dbt1 has also been proved to use fluorene, naphthalene and phenanthrene as carbon and energy sources, although growth on the first two compounds requires a preinduction step. this evidence sug ...201121388438
defining a structural and kinetic rationale for paralogous copies of phenylacetate-coa ligases from the cystic fibrosis pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia j2315.the phenylacetic acid (paa) degradation pathway is the sole aerobic route for phenylacetic acid metabolism in bacteria and facilitates degradation of environmental pollutants such as styrene and ethylbenzene. the paa pathway also is implicated in promoting burkholderia cenocepacia infections in cystic fibrosis patients. intriguingly, the first enzyme in the paa pathway is present in two copies (paak1 and paak2), yet each subsequent enzyme is present in only a single copy. furthermore, sequence d ...201121388965
a novel concept combining experimental and mathematical analysis for the identification of unknown interspecies effects in a mixed culture.bacteria in natural habitats only occur in consortia together with various other species. characterization of bacterial species, however, is normally done by laboratory testing of pure isolates. any interactions that might appear during growth in mixed-culture are obviously missed by this approach. existing experimental studies mainly focus on two-species mixed cultures with species specifically chosen for their known growth characteristics, and their anticipated interactions. various theoretica ...201121391206
outer membrane proteome of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei from diverse growth conditions.burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei are closely related, aerosol-infective human pathogens that cause life-threatening diseases. biochemical analyses requiring large-scale growth and manipulation at biosafety level 3 under select agent regulations are cumbersome and hazardous. we developed a simple, safe, and rapid method to prepare highly purified outer membrane (om) fragments from these pathogens. shotgun proteomic analyses of oms by trypsin shaving and mass spectrometry identifi ...201121391724
clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in an intensive care unit.the purpose of this study was to investigate a cohort of patients with burkholderia cepacia bacteremia in the intensive care unit (icu) at our institution. a large outbreak of b. cepacia bacteremia involving 95 patients lasted for 4 years in an icu in northern taiwan. the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial treatment responses of these patients were analyzed. minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined and pulse-field gel electrophoresis was performed for the 73 available isolates. ...201121392926
mechanism and inhibition of the fabi enoyl-acp reductase from burkholderia pseudomallei.as an initial step in developing novel antibacterials against burkholderia pseudomallei, we have characterized the fabi enoyl-acp reductase homologues in the type ii fatty acid biosynthesis pathway from this organism and performed an initial enzyme inhibition study.201121393229
the antibacterial threaded-lasso peptide capistruin inhibits bacterial rna polymerase.capistruin, a ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide produced by burkholderia thailandensis e264, efficiently inhibits growth of burkholderia and closely related pseudomonas strains. the functional target of capistruin is not known. capistruin is a threaded-lasso peptide (lariat peptide) consisting of an n-terminal ring of nine amino acids and a c-terminal tail of 10 amino acids threaded through the ring. the structure of capistruin is similar to that of microcin j25 (mcc ...201121396375
[lymphohistiocytic activation syndrome and burkholderia cepacia complex infection in a child revealing chronic granulomatous disease and chromosomal integration of the hhv-6 genome].chronic granulomatous disease (gcd) is characterized by severe infections, notably with burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). gcd is rarely complicated by lymphohistiocytic activation syndromes, most often secondary to bacterial or viral infections, in particular human herpes virus 6 (hhv-6). we describe the case of a 10-month-old boy who suffered from multiple organ failure due to a bcc infection and a lymphohistiocytic activation syndrome, leading to diagnosis of gcd. the initial search for hhv- ...201121397473
in vitro activity of bal30072 against burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intrinsically antibiotic-resistant category b priority pathogen and the aetiological agent of melioidosis. treatment of b. pseudomallei infection is biphasic and lengthy in order to combat the acute and chronic phases of the disease. acute-phase treatment preferably involves an intravenous cephalosporin (ceftazidime) or a carbapenem (imipenem or meropenem). in this study, the anti-b. pseudomallei efficacy of a new monosulfactam, bal30072, was tested against labora ...201121596528
endophytes and their potential to deal with co-contamination of organic contaminants (toluene) and toxic metals (nickel) during phytoremediation.the aim was to investigate if engineered endophytes that are capable of degrading organic contaminants, and deal with or ideally improve uptake and translocation of toxic metals, can improve phytoremediation of mixed organic-metal pollution. as a model system, yellow lupine was inoculated with the endophyte burkholderia cepacia vm1468 possessing (a) the ptom-bu61 plasmid, coding for constitutive toluene/tce degradation, and (b) the chromosomally inserted ncc-nre ni resistance/sequestration syste ...201121598790
a colorimetric assay of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) based on ninhydrin reaction for rapid screening of bacteria containing acc deaminase.aims:  acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity is an efficient marker for bacteria to promote plant growth by lowering ethylene levels in plants. we aim to develop a method for rapidly screening bacteria containing acc deaminase, based on a colorimetric ninhydrin assay of acc. methods and results:  a reliable colorimetric ninhydrin assay was developed to quantify acc using heat-resistant polypropylene chimney-top 96-well pcr plates, having the wells evenly heated in boiling wa ...201121599721
comparisons of resistance of cf and non-cf pathogens to hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid oxidants in vitro.abstract: background: cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease has a unique profile of pathogens predominated by pseudomonas aeruginosa (psa) and staphylococcus aureus (sa). these microorganisms must overcome host immune defense to colonize the cf lungs. polymorphonuclear neutrophils are a major component of the host defense against bacterial infection. a crucial microbicidal mechanism is the production of oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and hypochlorous acid (hocl) by neutrophils to achiev ...201121599970
mucosal immunization with liposome-nucleic acid adjuvants generates effective humoral and cellular immunity.development of effective new mucosal vaccine adjuvants has become a priority with the increase in emerging viral and bacterial pathogens. we previously reported that cationic liposomes complexed with non-coding plasmid dna (cldc) were effective parenteral vaccine adjuvants. however, little is known regarding the ability of liposome-nucleic acid complexes to function as mucosal vaccine adjuvants, or the nature of the mucosal immune responses elicited by mucosal liposome-nucleic acid adjuvants. to ...201121600950
flagellar glycosylation in burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis.glycosylation of proteins is known to impart novel physical properties and biological roles to proteins from both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. in this study, gel based glycoproteomics were used to identify glycoproteins of the potential bio-threat agent burkholderia pseudomallei and the closely related but non-pathogenic b. thailandensis. top-down and bottom-up ms analysis identified that the flagellin proteins of both species were post-translationally modified by novel glycans. analysis of prote ...201121602339
burkholderia cepacia udp-glucose dehydrogenase (bcec) structure and the role of tyr10 in the final hydrolysis of ugds thioester intermediate.members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are serious respiratory pathogens in immunocompromised individuals and in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). they are exceptionally resistant to many antimicrobial agents and have the capacity of spreading between patients, leading to declined lung function and necrotising pneumonia. bcc members often express a mucoid phenotype associated with the secretion of the exopolysaccharide (eps) cepacian. there is much evidence supporting the fact that ...201121602353
small molecule inhibition of choline catabolism in pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic choline-catabolizing bacteria.choline is abundant in association with eukaryotes and plays roles in osmoprotection, thermoprotection, and membrane biosynthesis in many bacteria. aerobic catabolism of choline is widespread amongst soil proteobacteria, particularly those associated with eukaryotes. catabolism of choline as a carbon, nitrogen, and/or energy source may play important roles in association with eukaryotes, including pathogenesis, symbioses, and nutrient cycling. we sought to generate choline analogues to study bac ...201121602374
culture-independent analysis of bacterial fuel contamination provides insights into the level of concordance with the standard industry practice of aerobic cultivation.bacterial diversity in contaminated fuels has not been systematically investigated using cultivation-independent methods. the fuel industry relies on phenotypic cultivation-based contaminant identification, which may lack accuracy and neglect difficult-to-culture taxa. using industry practice aerobic cultivation, 16s rrna gene sequencing and strain genotyping, a collection of 152 unique contaminant isolates from 54 fuel samples was assembled, and demonstrated a dominance of pseudomonas (21%), bu ...201121602386
patchwork assembly of nag-like nitroarene dioxygenase genes and 3-chlorocatechol degradation cluster for the pathway evolution of 2-chloronitrobenzene catabolism in pseudomonas stutzeri zwlr2-1.pseudomonas stutzeri zwlr2-1 utilizes 2-chloronitrobenzene (2cnb) as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. to identify genes involved in this pathway, a 16.2-kb dna fragment containing putative 2-chloronitrobenzene dioxygenase genes was cloned and sequenced. of the products from the 19 open reading frames that resulted from this fragment, cnbac and cnbad exhibited striking identities to the respective α- and β- subunits of the nag-like ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases involved in the meta ...201121602392
development and application of a cellular, gain-of-signal, bioluminescent reporter screen for inhibitors of type ii secretion in pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia pseudomallei.the type ii secretion (t2s) system in gram-negative bacteria comprises the sec and tat pathways for translocating proteins into the periplasm and an outer membrane secretin for transporting proteins into the extracellular space. to discover sec/tat/t2s pathway inhibitors as potential new therapeutics, the authors used a pseudomonas aeruginosa bioluminescent reporter strain responsive to seca depletion and inhibition to screen compound libraries and characterize the hits. the reporter strain plac ...201121602485
the pgrt1 plasmid of pseudomonas putida dot-t1e encodes functions relevant for survival under harsh conditions in the environment.pseudomonas putida dot-t1e has the capacity to grow in the presence of high concentrations of toluene. this ability is mainly conferred by an efflux pump encoded in a self-transmissible 133 kb plasmid named pgrt1. sequence analysis of the pgrt1 plasmid revealed several key features. most of the genes related to the plasmid maintenance functions show similarity with those encoded on pbvie04 from burkholderia vietnamensis g4, and knock-out mutants in several of these genes confirmed their roles. t ...201121605303
antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of chitosan solutions against apricot fruit rot pathogen burkholderia seminalis.the in vitro antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of two kinds of acid-soluble chitosan and one water-soluble chitosan against apricot fruit rot pathogen burkholderia seminalis was examined in this study. results showed that water-soluble chitosan displayed limited antibacterial activity at four tested concentrations. however, two kinds of acid-soluble chitosan solution at 2.0mg/ml had strong antibacterial activity against b. seminalis although weak antibacterial activity was observed ...201121605851
hmm-frame: accurate protein domain classification for metagenomic sequences in the presence of frameshift errors.abstract: background: protein domain classification is an important step in metagenomic annotation. the state-of-the-art method for protein domain classification is profile hmm-based alignment. however, the relatively high rates of insertions and deletions in homopolymer regions of pyrosequencing reads create frameshifts, causing conventional profile hmm alignment tools to generate alignments with marginal scores. this makes error-containing gene fragments unclassifiable with conventional tools. ...201121609463
exploring the metabolic network of the epidemic pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia j2315 via genome-scale reconstruction.abstract: background: burkholderia cenocepacia is a threatening nosocomial epidemic pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) or a compromised immune system. its high level of antibiotic resistance is an increasing concern in treatments against its infection. strain b. cenocepacia j2315 is the most infectious isolate from cf patients. there is a strong demand to reconstruct a genome-scale metabolic network of b. cenocepacia j2315 to systematically analyze its metabolic capabilities and its ...201121609491
enacyloxins are products of an unusual hybrid modular polyketide synthase encoded by a cryptic burkholderia ambifaria genomic island.gram-negative burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity against cystic fibrosis microbial pathogens, and the ability of b. ambifaria to inhibit b. multivorans was identified. the activity was mapped to a cluster of cryptic, quorum-sensing-regulated modular polyketide synthase (pks) genes. enacyloxin iia and its stereoisomer designated iso-enacyloxin iia were identified as metabolic products of the gene cluster, which encoded an unusual hybrid modular pk ...201121609847
identification of small-molecule inhibitors of yersinia pestis type iii secretion system yscn atpase.yersinia pestis is a gram negative zoonotic pathogen responsible for causing bubonic and pneumonic plague in humans. the pathogen uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver virulence factors directly from bacterium into host mammalian cells. the system contains a single atpase, yscn, necessary for delivery of virulence factors. in this work, we show that deletion of the catalytic domain of the yscn gene in y. pestis co92 attenuated the strain over three million-fold in the swiss-webster ...201121611119
sources of diversity in bactobolin biosynthesis by burkholderia thailandensis e264.a series of deletion mutants in the recently identified bactobolin biosynthetic pathway defined the roles of several key biosynthetic enzymes and showed how promiscuity in three enzyme systems allows this cluster to produce multiple products. studies on the deletion mutants also led to four new bactobolin analogs that provide additional structure-activity relationships for this interesting antibiotic family.201121615115
spei restriction enzyme displays greater discriminatory power than xbai enzyme does in a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis study on 146 clinical burkholderia pseudomallei isolates.restriction enzymes spei and xbai were used in a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) study for molecular characterization of 146 clinical burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. the pfge parameters were optimized to enable comparable, reproducible, and robust results. the optimized parameters for both spei and xbai restriction enzymes used in this study were 200 v and a pulse time of 5 to 65 s for a 28-h runtime. using spei, 9 different clusters were identified, whereas 6 clusters were identifie ...201121617308
chlorine dioxide inactivation of bacterial threat agents.aims:  to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (clo(2) ) against seven species of bacterial threat (bt) agents in water. methods and results:  two strains of bacillus anthracis spores, yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis, burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia mallei, and brucella species were each inoculated into a clo(2) solution with an initial concentration of 2·0 mg l(-1) (spores only) and 0·25 mg l(-1) (all other bacteria) at ph 7 or 8, 5°c or 25°c. at 0·25 mg l(-1) in potable wa ...201121623848
reductive dehalogenation mediated initiation of aerobic degradation of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2c4np) by burkholderia sp. strain sj98.burkholderia sp. strain sj98 (dsm 23195) was previously isolated and characterized for degradation and co-metabolic transformation of a number nitroaromatic compounds. in the present study, we evaluated its metabolic activity on chlorinated nitroaromatic compounds (cnacs). results obtained during this study revealed that strain sj98 can degrade 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2c4np) and utilize it as sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy under aerobic conditions. the cells of strain sj98 removed 2 ...201121626025
chemoenzymatic asymmetric synthesis of optically active pentane-1,5-diamine fragments by means of lipase-catalyzed desymmetrization transformations.a novel family of prochiral pentane-1,5-diamines has been efficiently synthesized possessing great stabilities and significantly higher than their corresponding propane-1,3-diamine analogues. diamines have been later desymmetrized using pseudomonas cepacia lipase as efficient biocatalyst for the mono- but also stereoselective protection of one of their amino groups. reaction parameters such as type and loading of enzyme, temperature, solvent, and acyl donor have been exhaustively analyzed search ...201121627134
the aftermath of the western australian melioidosis outbreak.abstract. melioidosis became a notifiable disease in western australia (wa) 2 years after the west kimberley melioidosis outbreak. two cases of melioidosis caused by the outbreak genotype of burkholderia pseudomallei (national collection of type cultures [nctc] 13177) occurred in 1998 and 1999 in persons who visited the outbreak location at the time. no other infections caused by the outbreak strain have been recorded in wa since that time, despite an average of four culture-positive cases per y ...201121633018
repeat blood culture positive for b. pseudomallei indicates an increased risk of death from melioidosis.abstract. melioidosis, a bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is notoriously difficult to cure despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy and has a mortality rate of up to 40%. we demonstrate that a blood culture positive for b. pseudomallei taken at the end of the first and/or second week after hospitalization for melioidosis is a strong prognostic factor for death (adjusted odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence interval = 2.1-8.7, p < 0.001 and adjusted odds ratio = 2.6, 95% conf ...201121633019
the use of positive serological tests as evidence of exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei. 201121633045
melioidosis of the extremities in brunei darussalam.introduction: melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is an infectious disease endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. it has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and high mortality, and can mimic other infectious diseases. the aim of this study was to review cases of melioidosis of the extremities in brunei darussalam. methods: culture-positive cases for burkholderia pseudomallei in raja isteri pengiran anak saleha hospital were identified from records in the microbiolo ...201121633768
racemase activity of b. cepacia lipase leads to dual-function asymmetric dynamic kinetic resolution of α-aminonitriles. 201121633990
a new route to dtdp-6-deoxy-l-talose and dtdp-l-rhamnose: dtdp-l-rhamnose 4-epimerase in burkholderia thailandensis.dtdp-l-rhamnose (dtdp-rha)-synthesizing dtdp-6-deoxy-l-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase (4-kr) and dtdp-rha 4-epimerase were characterized from burkholderia thailandensis e264 by utilizing rmld(bth) (bth_i1472) and wbib(bth) (bth_i1476), respectively. incubation of the recombinant wbib(bth) with rmla/rmlb/rmlc/tal, which has previously been shown to generate dtdp-6-deoxy-l-talose (dtdp-6dtal) from α-d-glucose-1-phosphate, dttp, and nadph, produced dtdp-rha. (1)h nmr measurements confirmed that both rml ...201121640586
characterization of the self-cleaving effector protein nope1 of bradyrhizobium japonicum.nope1 is a type iii-secreted protein of the symbiont bradyrhizobium japonicum which is expressed in nodules. in vitro it exhibits self-cleavage in a duplicated domain of unknown function (duf1521), but only in the presence of calcium. here we show that either domain is self-sufficient for cleavage. an exchange of the aspartic acid residue at the cleavage site with asparagine prevented cleavage, however, cleavage was still observed with glutamic acid at the same position, indicating that a negati ...201121642459
bacterial contamination of commercial ear cleaners following routine home use.ear cleaning solutions are designed for repeated use, which raises the possibility for bacterial contamination leading to recurrent or persistent infectious otitis. the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial contamination of commercial ear cleaners following routine home use in dogs and to describe the characteristics that are associated with contamination. used ear cleaner bottles and information regarding their use were obtained from canine owners visiting veterin ...201121645141
retuning rieske-type oxygenases to expand substrate range.rieske-type oxygenases are promising biocatalysts for the destruction of persistent pollutants or for the synthesis of fine chemicals. in this work, we explored pathways through which rieske-type oxygenases evolve to expand their substrate range. bphae(p4), a variant biphenyl dioxygenase generated from burkholderia xenovorans lb400 bphae(lb400) by the double substitution t335a/f336m, and bphae(rr41), obtained by changing asn(338), ile(341), and leu(409) of bphae(p4) to gln(338), val(341), and ph ...201121653696
a mixed molecular modeling-robotics approach to investigate lipase large molecular motions.large-scale conformational rearrangement of a lid subdomain is a key event in the interfacial activation of many lipases. we present herein a study in which the large-scale "open-to-closed" movement of burkholderia cepacia lipase lid has been simulated at the atomic level using a hybrid computational method. the two-stage approach combines path-planning algorithms originating from robotics and molecular mechanics methods. in the first stage, a path-planning approach is used to compute continuous ...201121656568
rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) from culture and paraffin-embedded tissue samples.we evaluated newly developed probes for rapid identification of burkholderia (b.) pseudomallei and b. mallei and differentiation from b. thailandensis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish). fish correctly identified 100% of the tested b. pseudomallei (11), b. mallei (11), and b. thailandensis (1) strains, excluded 100% of all tested negative controls (61), and allowed demonstration of b. pseudomallei infection in a paraffin-embedded spleen tissue sample of an experimentally infected mouse ...201121658996
superoxide dismutase c is required for intracellular survival and virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei.burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening disease of humans. within host cells, superoxide is an important mediator of pathogen killing. in this study, we have identified the b. pseudomallei k96243 sodc gene, shown that it has superoxide dismutase activity, and constructed an allelic deletion mutant of this gene. compared with the wild-type, the mutant was more sensitive to killing by extracellular superoxide, but not to sup ...201121659326
outbreak of burkholderia cepacia complex among ventilated pediatric patients linked to hospital sinks.we investigated a cluster of burkholderia cepacia complex colonization in ventilated pediatric patients. isolates from 15 patients, 2 sink drains, and several ventilator components were found to belong to a single b cenocepacia clone. hospital tap water used during oral and tracheostomy care was identified as the most likely mechanism for transmission.201121664002
the quorum-sensing molecules farnesol/homoserine lactone and dodecanol operate via distinct modes of action in candida albicans.living as a commensal, candida albicans must adapt and respond to environmental cues generated by the mammalian host and by microbes comprising the natural flora. these signals have opposing effects on c. albicans, with host cues promoting the yeast-to-hyphal transition and bacteria-derived quorum-sensing molecules inhibiting hyphal development. hyphal development is regulated through modulation of the cyclic amp (camp)/protein kinase a (pka) signaling pathway, and it has been postulated that qu ...201121666074
regulation of type vi secretion system during burkholderia pseudomallei infection.type iii and type vi secretion systems (t3sss and t6sss, respectively) are critical virulence determinants in several gram-negative pathogens. in burkholderia pseudomallei, the t3ss-3 and t6ss-1 clusters have been implicated in bacterial virulence in mammalian hosts. we recently discovered a regulatory cascade that coordinately controls the expression of t3ss-3 and t6ss-1. bsan is a central regulator located within t3ss-3 for the expression of t3ss-3 effectors and regulators for t6ss-1 such as v ...201121670170
synthesis and biotransformation of 2-alkyl-4(1h)-quinolones by recombinant pseudomonas putida kt2440.2-alkyl-4(1h)-quinolones (aqs) and related derivatives, which exhibit a variety of biological properties, are secondary metabolites produced by, e.g., pseudomonas and burkholderia spp. due to their main role as signaling molecules in the quorum sensing system of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 2-heptyl-4(1h)-quinolone (hhq) and its 3-hydroxy derivative, termed the "pseudomonas quinolone signal" (pqs), have received considerable attention. since chemical synthesis of different aqs is complex, we assessed ...201121670979
conservation and diversity of seed associated endophytes in zea across boundaries of evolution, ethnography and ecology.endophytes are non-pathogenic microbes living inside plants. we asked whether endophytic species were conserved in the agriculturally important plant genus zea as it became domesticated from its wild ancestors (teosinte) to modern maize (corn) and moved from mexico to canada. kernels from populations of four different teosintes and 10 different maize varieties were screened for endophytic bacteria by culturing, cloning and dna fingerprinting using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphis ...201121673982
reduced mortality in cystic fibrosis patients treated with tobramycin inhalation solution.background: though tobramycin inhalation solution has been used for over a decade to improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), its effects on mortality have not been well-described. this study aimed to assess the association between use of tobramycin inhaled solution and mortality in patients with cf and chronic pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) infection. methods: longitudinal logistic regression was used to assess the association between current-year repor ...201121815282
melioidosis imported from west africa to europe.abstract. we report the first case of imported melioidosis in spain from a diabetic immigrant who visited west africa during the rainy season. because of the unusual presentation of this disease in africa, clinical and microbiological diagnosis of imported melioidosis from this continent can be very elusive.201121813848
cable pili and the associated 22 kda adhesin contribute to burkholderia cenocepacia persistence in vivo.infection by burkholderia cenocepacia in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients is associated with poor clinical prognosis. previously, we demonstrated that one of the highly transmissible strains, bc7, expresses cable pili and the associated 22 kda adhesin, both of which contribute to bc7 binding to airway epithelial cells. however, the contribution of these factors to induce inflammation and bacterial persistence in vivo is not known.201121811611
extreme antimicrobial peptide and polymyxin b resistance in the genus burkholderia.cationic antimicrobial peptides and polymyxins are a group of naturally occurring antibiotics that can also possess immunomodulatory activities. they are considered a new source of antibiotics for treating infections by bacteria that are resistant to conventional antibiotics. members of the genus burkholderia, which includes various human pathogens, are inherently resistant to antimicrobial peptides. the resistance is several orders of magnitude higher than that of other gram-negative bacteria s ...201121811491
autotransporters and their role in the virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei.burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei are closely related gram-negative bacteria responsible for the infectious diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. autotransporters (ats) comprise a large and diverse family of secreted and outer membrane proteins that includes virulence-associated invasins, adhesins, proteases, and actin-nucleating factors. the b. pseudomallei k96243 genome contains 11 predicted ats, eight of which share homologs in the b. mallei atcc 23344 genome. this ...201121811486
the burkholderia pseudomallei {delta}asd mutant exhibits attenuated intracellular infectivity and imparts protection against acute inhalation melioidosis in mice.burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of serious and life threatening diseases in humans, is of national biodefense concern because of its potential use as a bioterrorism agent. this microbe is listed as a select agent by the cdc, therefore, development of vaccines is of significant importance. here, we further investigated the growth characteristics of a recently created b. pseudomallei 1026b ?asd mutant in vitro, in a cell model, and in an animal model of infection. the mutant was typified by a ...201121807903
genome and characterization of phages bcep22 and bcepil02, founders of a novel phage type in burkholderia cenocepacia.within the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), b. cenocepacia is the most common species associated with aggressive infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, causing disease that is often refractive to treatment by antibiotics. phage therapy may be a potential alternative form of treatment for these infections. here we describe the genome of the previously described therapeutic b. cenocepacia podophage bcepil02 and its close relative, bcep22. phage bcep22 was found to contain a circul ...201121804006
highly sensitive direct detection and quantification of burkholderia pseudomallei in environmental soil samples using real-time pcr.the soil bacterium and potential biothreat agent burkholderia pseudomallei causes the infectious disease melioidosis, which is naturally acquired through environmental contact with the bacterium. environmental detection of b. pseudomallei represents the basis for the development of a geographical risk map to humans and livestock. the aim of the present study was to develop a highly sensitive culture-independent dna-based method that allows direct quantification of b. pseudomallei from soil. we e ...201121803915
endovascular therapy for infected aortic aneurysms.objective: to determine the outcome of endovascular therapy for an infected aortic aneurysm in patients with or without aorto-aerodigestive/aortocaval fistulas. methods: from september 2005 to may 2010, 21 patients, 17 abdominal and four thoracic infected aortic aneurysms were treated with an endovascular stent graft at songklanagarind hospital, thailand. five patients presented with fistula complications, 1 aortoesophageal, 1 aortobronchial, 1 aortocaval, and 2 aortoenteric fistulas. lifelong a ...201121802238
structural and functional analysis of phytotoxin toxoflavin-degrading enzyme.pathogenic bacteria synthesize and secrete toxic low molecular weight compounds as virulence factors. these microbial toxins play essential roles in the pathogenicity of bacteria in various hosts, and are emerging as targets for antivirulence strategies. toxoflavin, a phytotoxin produced by burkholderia glumae bgr1, has been known to be the key factor in rice grain rot and wilt in many field crops. recently, toxoflavin-degrading enzyme (txde) was identified from paenibacillus polymyxa jh2, there ...201121799856
neutrophils are the predominant cell-type to associate with burkholderia pseudomallei in a balb/c mouse model of respiratory melioidosis.a variety of studies have implicated neutrophils and the rapid induction of cytokine in the host response in melioidosis. here a balb/c mouse model of infection with aerosolised burkholderia pseudomalleik96243 has been used to understand the immune response to infection in this model and verify other infection models that show rapid growth of bacteria, colonisation of tissues and periphery, induction of cytokines and influx of neutrophils. uniquely, this study has also determined the association ...201121798336
thailandepsins: bacterial products with potent histone deacetylase inhibitory activities and broad-spectrum antiproliferative activities.histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors have emerged as a new class of anticancer drugs, with one synthetic compound, saha (vorinostat, zolinza; 1), and one natural product, fk228 (depsipeptide, romidepsin, istodax; 2), approved by fda for clinical use. our studies of fk228 biosynthesis in chromobacterium violaceum no. 968 led to the identification of a cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster in the genome of burkholderia thailandensis e264. genome mining and genetic manipulation of this gene cluster fu ...201121793558
combining vaccination and postexposure cpg therapy provides optimal protection against lethal sepsis in a biodefense model of human melioidosis.the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a major cause of lethal sepsis and morbidity in endemic areas of southeast asia and a potential bioterrorism threat. we have used susceptible balb/c mice to evaluate the potential of targeting vaccination and generic immunotherapy to the lung for optimal protection against respiratory challenge. intranasal vaccination with live attenuated b. pseudomallei increased survival and induced interferon-?-secret ...201121791666
isolation and characterization of a novel virulent podovirus which infects burkholderia pseudomallei.abstract: burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic soil bacterium and the etiological agent that causes melioidosis. it is naturally resistant to many antibiotics and therefore is difficult to treat. bacteriophages may provide an alternative source of treatment. we have isolated and characterised the bacteriophage phi bp-amp1. the phage is a member of the podoviridae family and has a genome size of ~ 45 kb. molecular data based on the gene which encodes for the phage tail tubular protein sugge ...201121791081
improvement of anti-burkholderia mouse monoclonal antibody from various phage-displayed single-chain antibody libraries.to improve anti-burkholderia monoclonal antibody (mab) binding affinity, six single chain variable fragments (scfvs) constructed previously were used as scaffolds to construct large highly-diversified phage-displayed mouse scfv random and domain libraries. first, we employed random mutagenesis to introduce random point mutations into entire variable regions, generating six random libraries. additionally, the oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was targeted on complementarity-determining region ...201121787781
burkholderia pseudomallei-induced cell fusion in u937 macrophages can be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against host cell surface molecules.burkholderia pseudomallei induces the formation of multinucleated giant cells in cell monolayers. after infection of human macrophage-like u937 cells with b. pseudomallei, addition of monoclonal antibodies against integrin-associated protein (cd47), e-selectin (cd62e), a fusion regulatory protein (cd98), and e-cadherin (cd324) suppressed multinucleated giant cells in a concentration-dependent manner while monoclonal antibodies against other surface molecules did not inhibit fusion despite bindin ...201121784167
antimicrobial activity of cathelicidin peptides against burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. 201121782393
spontaneous and evolutionary changes in the antibiotic resistance of burkholderia cenocepacia observed by global gene expression analysis.abstract: background: burkholderia cenocepacia is a member of the burkholderia cepacia complex group of bacteria that cause infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis. b. cenocepacia isolate j2315 has been genome sequenced and is representative of a virulent, epidemic cf strain (et12). its genome encodes multiple antimicrobial resistance pathways and it is not known which of these is important for intrinsic or spontaneous resistance. to map these pathways, transcriptomic analysis was perform ...201121781329
blocking candida albicans biofilm formation by bdsf and trans-bdsf.candida is an important opportunistic human fungal pathogen. infections caused by c. albicans are related to the formation of a biofilm. the biofilm enhances the resistance of the c. albicans defense system, increases its resistance to antifungal drugs, and induces increased drug tolerance and makes clinical care more challenging. the in vitro activity of bdsf (cis-2-dodecenoic acid) and trans-bdsf (trans-2-dodecenoic acid) against candida albicans growth, germ tube germination and biofilm forma ...201121778264
toll-like receptor 4 region genetic variants are associated with susceptibility to melioidosis.melioidosis is a tropical infection caused by the gram-negative soil saprophyte burkholderia pseudomallei. despite broad exposure of northeastern thais, disease develops in only a small proportion of individuals. although diabetes is a risk factor, the mechanisms of host susceptibility to melioidosis are still poorly understood. we postulated that toll-like receptors (tlrs) regulate host susceptibility to disease, and that genetic variation in tlrs is associated with melioidosis. we analyzed the ...201121776015
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