Publications

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effect of chemical denaturants on the conformational stability of gyrb subunit of dna gyrase from salmonella enterica serovar typhi.dna gyrase, a type ii topoisomerase maintains the topology of dna by introducing negative supercoils using energy generated by atp hydrolysis. it is composed of two subunits, gyra and gyrb (gyra2gyrb2 hetero-tetramer). gyrb comprises two domains, a 43kda amino n-terminus (gbntd) and 47kda carboxyl c- terminus (gbctd). till now no study has been reported in terms of stability of gyrase b and its domains using chemical denaturants related to its function. to understand the role of each domain in g ...201728499947
a novel approach for construction of an inactivated typhoid vaccine candidate that effectively augments both humoral and cellular immune responses.salmonella enterica serovar typhi ghost was constructed as a vaccine candidate against typhoid fever. an asd(+) plasmid pjhl187 harboring a ghost cassette comprised of phix 174 e lysis gene stringently controlled under the convergent promotor components and was transformed into the asd gene-deleted mutant s. typhi ty21a strain (stg). twenty female balb/c mice randomly assigned into two groups were subcutaneously vaccinated at 5weeks of age to assess immunogenic characteristics of the constructed ...201728495314
waning immunity and microbial vaccines-workshop of the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases.since the middle of the 20th century, vaccines have made a significant public health impact by controlling infectious diseases globally. although long-term protection has been achieved with some vaccines, immunity wanes over time with others, resulting in outbreaks or epidemics of infectious diseases. long-term protection against infectious agents that have a complex life cycle and antigenic variation remains a key challenge. novel strategies to characterize the short- and long-term immune respo ...201728490424
vi capsular polysaccharide produced by recombinant salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a confers immunoprotection against infection by salmonella enterica serovar typhi.enteric fever is predominantly caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi a, and accounts for an annual global incidence of 26.9 millions. in recent years, the rate of s. paratyphi a infection has progressively increased. currently licensed vaccines for typhoid fever, live ty21a vaccine, vi subunit vaccine, and vi-conjugate vaccine, confer inadequate cross immunoprotection against enteric fever caused by s. paratyphi a. therefore, development of bivalen ...201728484685
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using myristica fragrans seed (nutmeg) extract and its antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates.biosynthesis of nanoparticles has received increasing attention due its effective mode of action, eco-friendly preparation methodology, and less cytotoxicity. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) from aqueous seed extract of myristica fragrans (nutmeg) were characterized. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis revealed the presence of bioactive components acts as effective in reducing and capping agents for converting agno3 to agnps. the uv-vis absorption spectrum of ...201728470497
simultaneous molecular detection of salmonella enterica serovars typhi, enteritidis, infantis, and typhimurium.salmonella enterica serovar typhi, as causative agent of typhoid fever, is one of the most important endemic pathogens. non-typhoidal salmonella serovars, including typhimurium, infantis, and enteritidis are amongst the most prevalent serotypes worldwide and in developing areas such as iran. the aim of this study was to apply a uniplex pcr for rapid detection of salmonella spp., and a multiplex pcr for the simultaneous detection of the four most common salmonella serovars in iran.201728451535
enteric fever in children in western sydney, australia, 2003-2015.enteric fever is a vaccine-preventable disease with cases in australia predominantly acquired overseas. the aim of this study was to define the burden of enteric fever in children presenting to a pediatric hospital in western sydney between 2003 and 2015.201728445250
rhabdomyolysis complicating typhoid fever in a child and review of the literature.typhoid fever is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world, particularly in children, but is infrequently observed in the developed world and can occur in patients without a significant travel history. rhabdomyolysis as a complication has rarely been reported, and never in a child. a child with salmonella enterica serovar typhi septicemia, complicated by rhabdomyolysis, encephalopathy and pancreatitis is described and all 15 reported cases to date are summarized.201728430751
challenge of humans with wild-type salmonella enterica serovar typhi elicits changes in the activation and homing characteristics of mucosal-associated invariant t cells.gastrointestinal infections by salmonella enterica serovar typhi (s. typhi) are rare in industrialized countries. however, they remain a major public health problem in the developing world with an estimated 26.9 million new cases annually and significant mortality when untreated. recently, we provided the first direct evidence that cd8(+) mait cells are activated and have the potential to kill cells exposed to s. typhi, and that these responses are dependent on bacterial load. however, mait cell ...201728428786
antibacterial effects of lactobacillus isolates of curd and human milk origin against food-borne and human pathogens.this study was undertaken to assess the antibacterial efficacy of lactobacilli isolated from curd and human milk samples. identities of thirty-one different lactobacilli (20 from curd and 11 from human milk) were confirmed by genus-specific pcr and 16s rrna-based sequencing. these strains belonged to five species, lactobacillus casei, l. delbrueckii, l. fermentum, l. plantarum, and l. pentosus. antibacterial activities of cell-free supernatants (cfss) of all the lactobacillus isolates were estim ...201728401466
genetic analysis of salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum based on characterization and evolution of crispr sequence.salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum biovar pullorum (s. pullorum) is the cause of pullorum disease, characterized by white diarrhea, which leads to high mortality in poultry. in this study, we aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 655 s. pullorum strains from 1962 to 2015 in china, europe, and south america. a sequence typing scheme based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) was used to reveal the genetic relationships among these strains in this study. ove ...201728619172
improved antimicrobial activity of pediococcus acidilactici against salmonella gallinarum by uv mutagenesis and genome shuffling.pediococcus acidilactici is a widely used probiotic, and salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum (sg) is a significant pathogen in the poultry industry. in this study, we improved the antimicrobial activity of p. acidilactici against sg using uv mutation and genome shuffling (gs). to improve antimicrobial activity against sg, uv mutagenesis was performed against wild-type p. acidilactici (wt), and five mutants showed improved antimicrobial activity. to further improve antimicrobial activity, gs w ...201728470335
multidrug-resistant salmonellae isolated in japanese quails reared in abeokuta, nigeria.salmonellosis is a major bacterial disease causing huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. this study was carried out to determine the period prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella enterica in japanese quails in abeokuta, nigeria. four hundred cloacal swabs of quail birds were collected from 4 locations within abeokuta. salmonella was isolated from the samples using conventional methods for selective isolation of salmonella and biochemical identification. isola ...201728717851
seabirds (laridae) as a source of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp. and antimicrobial resistance in south africa.zoonotic thermophilic campylobacter and nontyphoidal salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis worldwide. there is little information about reservoirs of these zoonotic agents in africa. thus, chicks of kelp gulls (larus dominicanus, n=129) and greater crested terns (thalasseus bergii, n=100) were studied at five colonies on the western cape coast (south africa) during summer 2013/2014. campylobacter spp. occurrence was 14.0% (ci95% : 9.9-19.3), with c. jejuni the ...201728752962
study of antimicrobial resistance and physiological biomarkers with special reference to salmonellosis in diarrheic foals in punjab, pakistan.antimicrobial resistance results in selective colonization in animals. in the present study, 447 diarrheic foals (235 horse foals, 165 donkey foals and 47 mule foal) were selected from lahore and sahiwal districts of punjab, pakistan. fresh fecal and blood samples from diarrheic foals were collected for isolation and confirmation of salmonella polymerase chain reaction. results revealed that 50 (11.25%) foals (horse n=29, donkey n=12 and mule n=9) were positive. fifty salmonella enterica isolate ...201728784420
application of maldi-tof ms fingerprinting as a quick tool for identification and clustering of foodborne pathogens isolated from food products.foodborne pathogens can be associated with a wide variety of food products and it is very important to identify them to supply safe food and prevent foodborne infections. since traditional techniques are time-consuming and laborious, this study was designed for rapid identification and clustering of foodborne pathogens isolated from various restaurants in al-qassim region, kingdom of saudi arabia (ksa) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ...201728825446
antimicrobial property of lemongrass (cymbopogon citratus) oil against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet turtles.the usage of essential oils as antimicrobial agents is gaining attention. besides, pet turtles were known to harbor a range of pathogenic bacteria while the turtle keeping is a growing trend worldwide.the current study examined the antimicrobial activity of lemon grass oil (lgo) against seven species of gram negative bacteria namely; aeromonas hydrophila, a. caviae, citrobacter freundii, salmonella enterica, edwardsiella tarda, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and proteus mirabilis isolated from three po ...201728747972
novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-3 in escherichia coli.the mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has attracted global attention, as it heralds the breach of polymyxins, one of the last-resort antibiotics for the treatment of severe clinical infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria. to date, six slightly different variants of mcr-1, and a second mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-2, have been reported or annotated in the genbank database. here, we characterized a third mobile colistin resistance gene, mcr-3 the gene coexisted ...201728655818
antagonistic properties of some halophilic thermoactinomycetes isolated from superficial sediment of a solar saltern and production of cyclic antimicrobial peptides by the novel isolate paludifilum halophilum.this study has focused on the isolation of twenty-three halophilic actinomycetes from two ponds of different salinity and the evaluation of their ability to exert an antimicrobial activity against both their competitors and several other pathogens. from the 23 isolates, 18 strains showed antagonistic activity, while 19 showed activities against one or more of the seven pathogen strains tested. six strains exhibited consistent antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive pathoge ...201728819625
application of long amplicon propidium monoazide-pcr to assess the effects of temperature and background microbiota on pathogens in river water.the decay rates of enteric waterborne pathogens were evaluated following the introduction of yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enterica, campylobacter jejuni and arcobacter butzleri into river water at different temperatures (5, 15 and 25°c) for a period of 28 days. to improve the accuracy of the results a molecular viability assay, long amplicon propidium monoazide-polymerase chain reaction (pma-pcr), was used to quantify the viable cell concentration and results from pcr with and without pma ...201728598346
antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin extracted by supercritical carbon dioxide.brunfelsia genus is traditionally utilized in popular medicine due to its antibacterial and antifungal properties to name but a few. however, studies on the antimicrobial activity of brunfelsia uniflora flower oleoresin have not been found yet. this study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of b. uniflora flower oleoresin obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide. oleoresin from the plant dried flowers was obtained by carbon dioxide, and the chemical composition ...201728407186
in bacillus subtilis, the sata (formerly yyar) acetyltransferase detoxifies streptothricin via lysine acetylation.soil is a complex niche, where survival of microorganisms is at risk due to the presence of antimicrobial agents. many microbes chemically modify cytotoxic compounds to block their deleterious effects. streptothricin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomycetes that affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria alike. here we identify the sata (for streptothricin acetyltransferase a, formerly yyar) enzyme of bacillus subtilis as the mechanism used by this soil bacterium to detoxi ...201728842538
cyclohexene-fused 1,3-oxazines with selective antibacterial and antiparasitic action and low cytotoxic effects.oxazine derivatives, a class of heterocyclic compounds, exhibit a variety of biological properties, such as anticonvulsant and antitumor activities. in this study, we evaluated the effect of two cyclohexene-fused 1,3-oxazines (cis‑1-benzyl-n-phenyl-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-3,1-benzoxazin-2-imine (1) and trans‑n-phenyl-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-3,1-benzoxazin-2-imine (2)) in cultures of bacillus cereus, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella enterica, serratia mar ...201728755871
detection of eight foodborne bacterial pathogens by oligonucleotide array hybridization.simultaneous and rapid detection of multiple foodborne bacterial pathogens is important for the prevention of foodborne illnesses.201728713514
anti-biofilm effects of anthranilate on a broad range of bacteria.anthranilate, one of tryptophan degradation products has been reported to interfere with biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa. here, we investigated the effects of anthranilate on biofilm formation by various bacteria and the mechanisms responsible. anthranilate commonly inhibited biofilm formation by p. aeruginosa, vibrio vulnificus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus, and disrupted biofilms preformed by these bacteria. because anthranil ...201728819217
defensin-neurotoxin dyad in a basally-branching metazoan sea anemone.recent studies suggest that vertebrate and invertebrate defensins have evolved from two independent ancestors, and that both defensins could share origins with animal toxins. here, we purified novel sea anemone neurotoxin (bds)-like antimicrobial peptides (amps)-crassicorin-i and its putative homolog (crassicorin-ii)-from the pharynx extract of an anthozoan sea anemone (urticina crassicornis). based on structural analyses and cdna cloning, mature crassicorin-i represents a cationic amp likely ge ...201728796463
getting "inside" type i ifns: type i ifns in intracellular bacterial infections.type i interferons represent a unique and complex group of cytokines, serving many purposes during innate and adaptive immunity. discovered in the context of viral infections, type i ifns are now known to have myriad effects in infectious and autoimmune disease settings. type i ifn signaling during bacterial infections is dependent on many factors including whether the infecting bacterium is intracellular or extracellular, as different signaling pathways are activated. as such, the repercussions ...201728529959
anti-cancer drug hmba acts as an adjuvant during intracellular bacterial infections by inducing type i ifn through sting.the anti-proliferative agent hexamethylene bisacetamide (hmba) belongs to a class of hybrid bipolar compounds developed more than 30 y ago for their ability to induce terminal differentiation of transformed cells. recently, hmba has also been shown to trigger hiv transcription from latently infected cells, via a cdk9/hmba inducible protein-1 dependent process. however, the effect of hmba on the immune response has not been explored. we observed that pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuc ...201728827286
the antimicrobial spectrum of xeroform(®).xeroform(®) is a petrolatum-based fine mesh gauze containing 3% bismuth tribromophenate. bismuth, similar to other metals, has antimicrobial properties. xeroform(®) has been used for decades in burn and plastic surgery as a donor site dressing and as a covering for wounds or partial thickness burns. despite this, the antimicrobial spectrum of xeroform(®) remains largely unknown. we examined the in-vitro efficacy of xeroform(®) against common burn pathogens using zone-of-inhibition methodology in ...201728641915
nleb/ssek effectors from citrobacter rodentium, escherichia coli, and salmonella enterica display distinct differences in host substrate specificity.many gram-negative bacterial pathogens use a syringe-like apparatus called a type iii secretion system to inject virulence factors into host cells. some of these effectors are enzymes that modify host proteins to subvert their normal functions. nleb is a glycosyltransferase that modifies host proteins with n-acetyl-d-glucosamine to inhibit antibacterial and inflammatory host responses. nleb is conserved among the attaching/effacing pathogens enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), enteropatho ...201728522607
optimization of inactivated h5n9 highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccine and inactivated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine with antigen dose and prime-boost regimen in domestic ducks.owing to the increase in the number of diseases affecting ducks and the demand for food safety by consumers, vaccination has become one of the factors that influence duck meat productivity. the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus is one of the most prevalent and causes one of the most lethal diseases in domestic ducks, and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen persistent in the domestic duck population. to better understand the optimal usage of hpai and s. e ...201728633491
flagellin fljb as an adjuvant to the recombinant adenovirus rabies glycoprotein vaccine increases immune responses against rabies in mice.rabies virus (rabv) causes an acute progressive viral encephalitis. although currently licensed vaccines have an excellent safety and efficacy record, the development of a safer and more cost-effective vaccine is still being sought. an e1-deleted, replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (had5) vector expressing rabv glycoprotein (had5-g) is thought to be a promising candidate vaccine for immune prophylaxis against rabies. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) flagellin i ...201728550434
immune response against salmonella enteritidis is unsettled by hiv infection.the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is responsible for more than 2 million new infections per year and opportunistic infections such as salmonella spp. gastroenteritis is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. monocytes and macrophages play a critical role in the innate immune response against bacterial infections. however during hiv infection the virus can infect these cells and although they are more resistant to the cytopathic effects, they represent an impo ...201728447329
in vitro assessment of pediococcus acidilactici kp10 for its potential use in the food industry.selection of a microbial strain for the incorporation into food products requires in vitro and in vivo evaluations. a bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium (lab), pediococcus acidilactici kp10, isolated from a traditional dried curd was assessed in vitro for its beneficial properties as a potential probiotic and starter culture. the inhibitory spectra of the bacterial strain against different gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, its cell surface hydrophobicity and resistance to phenol ...201728535747
stand-alone eal domain proteins form a distinct subclass of eal proteins involved in regulation of cell motility and biofilm formation in enterobacteria.the second messenger cyclic dimeric gmp (c-di-gmp) is almost ubiquitous among bacteria as are the c-di-gmp turnover proteins, which mediate the transition between motility and sessility. eal domain proteins have been characterized as c-di-gmp-specific phosphodiesterases. while most eal domain proteins contain additional, usually n-terminal, domains, there is a distinct family of proteins with stand-alone eal domains, exemplified by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium proteins stm3611 (yhjh/p ...201728652301
the potential of a brown microalga cultivated in high salt medium for the production of high-value compounds.amphora sp. was isolated from the sfax solar saltern and cultivated under hypersaline conditions. it contains moderate rates of proteins, lipids, sugars, and minerals and a prominent content of bioactive compounds: polyphenols, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and fatty acids. the analysis of fatty acids with gc/ms showed that the c16 series accounted for about 75% of amphora sp. lipids. saturated fatty acids whose palmitic acid was the most important (27.41%) represented 41.31%. amphora sp. was foun ...201728612024
the effect of lactobacillus acidophilus ptcc 1643 on cultured intestinal epithelial cells infected with salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis.gastrointestinal disorders caused by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (sese) are a significant health problem around the globe. probiotic bacteria have been shown to have positive effects on the immune responses. lactobacillus acidophilus was examined for its capability to influence the innate immune response of ht29 intestinal epithelial cells towards sese. the purpose of this work was to assess the effect of l. acidophilus ptcc 1643 on cultured intestinal epithelial cells infected with ...201728443224
selection of potential probiotic lactobacillus with inhibitory activity against salmonella and fecal coliform bacteria.three hundred and sixty presumptive lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from pregnant sows, newborn, suckling, and weaned piglets were preliminarily screened for anti-salmonella activity. fifty-eight isolates consisting of lactobacillus reuteri (n = 32), lactobacillus salivarius (n = 10), lactobacillus mucosae (n = 8), lactobacillus johnsonii (n = 5), and lactobacillus crispatus (n = 3) were selected and further characterized for probiotic properties including production of antimicrobial substan ...201728712023
three new lactobacillus plantarum strains in the probiotic toolbox against gut pathogen salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium.the benefits of probiotic bacteria have been widely explored. however, fermented foods and digestive system of humans and animals are an inexhaustible source of new potentially probiotic microorganisms. in this study we present three new lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from different dairy products: cow's cheese, sheep's cheese and whey. in order to determine the antibacterial activity of yet unexplored l. plantarum strains against salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, in vitro comp ...201728559733
oral administration of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ameliorates salmonella infantis-induced inflammation in a pig model via activation of the il-22bp/il-22/stat3 pathway.the high rate of salmonella enterica serovar infantis (s. infantis) infection poses significant risk for the development of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. however, efficient strategies to prevent or treat the infection remain elusive. here, we explored the effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) administration in preventing s. infantis infection in a pig model. probiotic lgg (1.0 × 10(10) cfu/day) was orally administered to newly weaned piglets for 1 week before s. in ...201728770173
taking control: hijacking of rab gtpases by intracellular bacterial pathogens.intracellular bacterial pathogens survive and replicate within specialized eukaryotic cell organelles. to establish their intracellular niches these pathogens have adopted sophisticated strategies to control intracellular membrane trafficking. since rab-family gtpases are critical regulators of endocytic and secretory membrane trafficking events, many intracellular pathogens have evolved specific mechanisms to modulate or hijack rab gtpases dynamics and trafficking functions. one such strategy i ...201728632996
hepcidin-(in)dependent mechanisms of iron metabolism regulation during infection by listeria and salmonella.during bacterial infection, the pathogenic agent and the host battle for iron, due to its importance for fundamental cellular processes. however, iron redistribution and sequestration during infection can culminate in anemia. although hepcidin has been recognized as the key regulator of iron metabolism, in some infections its levels remain unaffected, suggesting the involvement of other players in iron metabolism deregulation. in this work, we use a mouse model to elucidate the main cellular and ...201728652306
development of biopolymer composite films using a microfluidization technique for carboxymethylcellulose and apple skin particles.biopolymer films based on apple skin powder (asp) and carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) were developed with the addition of apple skin extract (ase) and tartaric acid (ta). asp/cmc composite films were prepared by mixing cmc with asp solution using a microfluidization technique to reduce particle size. then, various concentrations of ase and ta were incorporated into the film solution as an antioxidant and an antimicrobial agent, respectively. fourier transform infrared (ftir), optical, mechanical, w ...201728617325
multidrug resistance salmonella genomic island 1 in a morganella morganii subsp. morganii human clinical isolate from france.salmonella genomic island 1 (sgi1) is a multidrug resistance integrative mobilizable element that harbors a great diversity of antimicrobial resistance gene clusters described in numerous salmonella enterica serovars and also in proteus mirabilis. a serious threat to public health was revealed in the recent description in p. mirabilis of a sgi1-derivative multidrug resistance island named pgi1 (proteus genomic island 1) carrying extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl) and metallo-β-lactamase resist ...201728435889
population-based incidence, seasonality and serotype distribution of invasive salmonellosis among children in nanoro, rural burkina faso.bloodstream infections (bsi) caused by salmonella typhi and invasive non-typhoidal salmonella (ints) frequently affect children living in rural sub-saharan africa but data about incidence and serotype distribution are rare.201728692655
loss of humoral and cellular immunity to invasive nontyphoidal salmonella during current or convalescent plasmodium falciparum infection in malawian children.invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) infections are commonly associated with plasmodium falciparum infections, but the immunologic basis for this linkage is poorly understood. we hypothesized that p. falciparum infection compromises the humoral and cellular immunity of the host to nts, which increases the susceptibility of the host to ints infection. we prospectively recruited children aged between 6 and 60 months at a community health centre in blantyre, malawi, and allocated them to the fol ...201728515136
influence of saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products, smartcare in milk replacer and original xpc in calf starter, on the performance and health of preweaned holstein calves challenged with salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium.this study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementing smartcare (sc; diamond v, cedar rapids, ia) in milk replacer and original xpc (xpc; diamond v) in calf starter on performance and health of preweaned calves following an oral challenge with salmonella enterica. the study was performed in two 35-d periods with 30 holstein bull calves (2 ± 1 d of age) per period. in each period, calves were blocked by location in the barn and randomly assigned to treatments that included control, ...201728734601
activation of master virulence regulator phop in acidic ph requires the salmonella-specific protein ugtl.acidic conditions, such as those inside phagosomes, stimulate the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica to activate virulence genes. the sensor phoq responds to a mildly acidic ph by phosphorylating, and thereby activating, the virulence regulator phop. this phop/phoq two-component system is conserved in a subset of gram-negative bacteria. phoq is thought to be sufficient to activate phop in mildly acidic ph. however, we found that the salmonella-specific protein ugtl, which was horizontall ...201728851823
detection of salmonella spp. in veterinary samples by combining selective enrichment and real-time pcr.rapid screening for enteric bacterial pathogens in clinical environments is essential for biosecurity. salmonella found in veterinary hospitals, particularly salmonella enterica serovar dublin, can pose unique challenges for culture and testing because of its poor growth. multiple salmonella serovars including dublin are emerging threats to public health given increasing prevalence and antimicrobial resistance. we adapted an automated food testing method to veterinary samples and evaluated the p ...201728862083
cxcr3 plays a critical role for host protection against salmonellosis.cxcr3 and its ligands are heavily associated with inflammation and have been implicated in numerous inflammatory diseases. cxcr3 plays an important role in recruiting pro-inflammatory cells, specifically neutrophils, in a model of sterile colitis whereby cxcr3(-/-) mice showed an attenuated course of colitis with markedly reduced host-tissue damage in the inflamed caecum. the role of cxcr3 during infectious colitis, however, is unclear and therefore in this study, we investigated the role of cxc ...201728860493
complete genome sequence of salmonella enterica lytic bacteriophage lpst10, isolated in china.bacteriophage lpst10 was isolated from wuhan, china. lytic activity was demonstrated against multiple salmonella enterica serovars, including salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains. this bacteriophage has a 47,657-bp double-stranded dna genome encoding 87 putative coding sequences.201728860234
protein energy malnutrition alters mucosal iga responses and reduces mucosal vaccine efficacy in mice.oral vaccine responsiveness is often lower in children in less developed countries. childhood malnutrition may be associated with poor immune response to oral vaccines. the present study was designed to investigate whether protein energy malnutrition (pem) impairs b cell immunity and ultimately reduces oral vaccine efficacy in a mouse model. purified isocaloric diets containing low protein (1/10 the protein of the control diet) were used to determine the effect of pem. pem increased both nonspec ...201728860040
salmonella enterica serovar typhi siderophore production is elevated and fur inactivation causes cell filamentation and attenuation in macrophages.salmonella enterica serovars typhi and typhimurium are two closely related bacteria causing different types of infection in humans. iron acquisition is considered essential for virulence. siderophores are important iron chelators and production of enterobactin and salmochelins by these serovars was quantified. overall, salmonella typhi produced higher levels of siderophores than salmonella typhimurium. the role of the global regulator fur, involved in iron homeostasis, present and conserved in b ...201728859315
integration host factor is important for biofilm formation by salmonella enterica enteritidis.salmonella enterica enteritidis forms biofilms and survives in agricultural environments, infecting poultry and eggs. bacteria in biofilms are difficult to eradicate compared to planktonic cells, causing serious problems in industry and public health. in this study, we evaluated the role of ihfa and ihfb in biofilm formation by s. enterica enteritidis by employing different microbiology techniques. our data indicate that ihf mutant strains are impaired in biofilm formation, showing a reduction i ...201728859308
biofilm producing salmonella typhi: chronic colonization and development of gallbladder cancer.salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhi is the aetiological agent of typhoid or enteric fever. in a subset of individuals, s. typhi colonizes the gallbladder causing an asymptomatic chronic infection. nonetheless, these asymptomatic carriers provide a reservoir for further spreading of the disease. epidemiological studies performed in regions where s. typhi is endemic, revealed that the majority of chronically infected carriers also harbour gallstones, which in turn, have been indi ...201728858232
ribosome signatures aid bacterial translation initiation site identification.while methods for annotation of genes are increasingly reliable, the exact identification of translation initiation sites remains a challenging problem. since the n-termini of proteins often contain regulatory and targeting information, developing a robust method for start site identification is crucial. ribosome profiling reads show distinct patterns of read length distributions around translation initiation sites. these patterns are typically lost in standard ribosome profiling analysis pipeli ...201728854918
comparative genomics of australian and international isolates of salmonella typhimurium: correlation of core genome evolution with crispr and prophage profiles.salmonella enterica subsp enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a serovar with broad host range. to determine the genomic diversity of s. typhimurium, we sequenced 39 isolates (37 australian and 2 uk isolates) representing 14 repeats groups (rgs) determined primarily by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr). analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) among the 39 isolates yielded an average of 1,232 snps per isolate, ranging from 128 snps to 11,339 ...201728851865
methods to illuminate the role of salmonella effector proteins during infection: a review.intracellular bacterial pathogens like salmonella enterica use secretion systems, such as the type iii secretion system, to deliver virulence factors into host cells in order to invade and colonize these cells. salmonella virulence factors include a suite of effector proteins that remodel the host cell to facilitate bacterial internalization, replication, and evasion of host immune surveillance. a number of diverse and innovative approaches have been used to identify and characterize the role of ...201728848721
salmonella frae, an asparaginase homolog, contributes to fructose-asparagine but not asparagine utilization.salmonella enterica can utilize fructose-asparagine (f-asn) as a carbon and nitrogen source. this unusual capability has been attributed to five genes in the fra locus. previously, we determined that mutations in frab (deglycase), frad (kinase), or fraa (transporter) eliminated the ability of salmonella to grow on f-asn while a mutation in frae allowed partial growth. we hypothesized that frae, a putative periplasmic fructose-asparaginase, converts f-asn to nh4(+) and fructose-aspartate (f-asp). ...201728847920
biochips for direct detection and identification of bacteria in blood culture-like conditions.bloodstream bacterial infections are life-threatening conditions necessitating prompt medical care. rapid pathogen identification is essential for early setting of the best anti-infectious therapy. however, the bacterial load in blood samples from patients with bacteremia is too low and under the limit of detection of most methods for direct identification of bacteria. therefore, a preliminary step enabling the bacterial multiplication is required. to do so, blood cultures still remain the gold ...201728842712
whole-genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains tt6675 and tt9097 employed in the isolation and characterization of a giant phage mutant collection.we report here the genome sequences of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strains tt6675 and tt9097, which we utilize for genetic analyses of giant bacterial viruses. our analyses identified several genetic variations between the two strains, most significantly confirming strain tt6675 as a serine suppressor and tt9097 as a nonsuppressor.201728839032
pyelonephritis in japan caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae.salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae is a bacteria commonly found in the gut of reptiles. in humans, infections caused by this organism are rare. most cases originate from southwestern united states, where rattlesnake products are often used in traditional medicine. in asia, only a few cases have been described. this case report documents a case involving a 64-year-old woman with pyelonephritis caused by s. arizonae in japan. she had no history of contact with reptiles or foreign travel. the like ...201728838777
use of multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) to investigate genetic diversity of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from human, food, and veterinary sources.salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium is the most common zoonotic pathogen in bulgaria. to allow efficient outbreak investigations and surveillance in the food chain, accurate and discriminatory methods for typing are needed. this study evaluated the use of multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeats analysis (mlva) and compared results with antimicrobial resistance (amr) determinations for 100 s. typhimurium strains isolated in bulgaria during 2008-2012 (50 veterinary ...201728836358
characterization of salmonella gallinarum isolates from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction detection of invasion (inva) and salmonella plasmid virulence (spvc) genes.the aim was to characterize salmonella enterica serovar gallinarum isolated from backyard poultry by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of virulence genes invasion (inva) and salmonella plasmid virulence c (spvc).201728831228
analysis of spleen-induced fimbria production in recombinant attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strains.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium genome encodes 13 fimbrial operons. most of the fimbriae encoded by these operons are not produced under laboratory conditions but are likely to be synthesized in vivo we used an in vivo expression technology (ivet) strategy to identify four fimbrial operons, agf, saf, sti, and stc that are expressed in the spleen. when any three of these operons were deleted, the strain retained wild-type virulence. however, when all four operons were deleted, the resulti ...201728830946
tubo-ovarian abscess infected by salmonella typhi.we report a case of a tubo-ovarian abscess infected with salmonella enterica serotype typhi a 19-year-old nepalese woman presented to a hospital in kathmandu with lower abdominal pain, constipation, fever and a non-healing, suppurative surgical wound from an emergency caesarian section performed 2 months previously at 37 weeks of pregnancy. she also had an exploratory laparotomy for an appendix perforation with peritonitis at 25 weeks of gestation. her wound infection did not respond to cloxacil ...201728827431
human genetic variation in vac14 regulates salmonella invasion and typhoid fever through modulation of cholesterol.risk, severity, and outcome of infection depend on the interplay of pathogen virulence and host susceptibility. systematic identification of genetic susceptibility to infection is being undertaken through genome-wide association studies, but how to expeditiously move from genetic differences to functional mechanisms is unclear. here, we use genetic association of molecular, cellular, and human disease traits and experimental validation to demonstrate that genetic variation affects expression of ...201728827342
interleukin-10 production by t and b cells is a key factor to promote systemic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in mice.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a gram-negative bacterium that produces disease in numerous hosts. in mice, oral inoculation is followed by intestinal colonization and subsequent systemic dissemination, which leads to severe pathogenesis without the activation of an efficient anti-salmonella immune response. this feature suggests that the infection caused by s. typhimurium may promote the production of anti-inflammatory molecules by the host that prevent efficient t c ...201728824622
pan-genome analyses of the species salmonella enterica, and identification of genomic markers predictive for species, subspecies, and serovar.food safety is a global concern, with upward of 2.2 million deaths due to enteric disease every year. current whole-genome sequencing platforms allow routine sequencing of enteric pathogens for surveillance, and during outbreaks; however, a remaining challenge is the identification of genomic markers that are predictive of strain groups that pose the most significant health threats to humans, or that can persist in specific environments. we have previously developed the software program panseq, ...201728824552
epidemiology of salmonella enterica serotype dublin infections among humans, united states, 1968-2013.salmonella enterica serotype dublin is a cattle-adapted bacterium that typically causes bloodstream infections in humans. to summarize demographic, clinical, and antimicrobial drug resistance characteristics of human infections with this organism in the united states, we analyzed data for 1968-2013 from 5 us surveillance systems. during this period, the incidence rate for infection with salmonella dublin increased more than that for infection with other salmonella. data from 1 system (foodnet) s ...201728820133
genome sequence of an australian monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium isolate (tw-stm6) carrying a large plasmid with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes.we report the genome sequence of a monophasic salmonella enterica subsp. enterica typhimurium strain (tw-stm6) isolated in australia that is similar to epidemic multidrug-resistant strains from europe and elsewhere. this strain carries additional antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes on a large (275-kb) inchi2 plasmid.201728818900
the plasmid-encoded ipf and klf fimbriae display different expression and varying roles in the virulence of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in mouse vs. avian hosts.salmonella enterica serovar infantis is one of the prevalent salmonella serovars worldwide. different emergent clones of s. infantis were shown to acquire the pesi virulence-resistance megaplasmid affecting its ecology and pathogenicity. here, we studied two previously uncharacterized pesi-encoded chaperone-usher fimbriae, named ipf and klf. while ipf homologs are rare and were found only in s. enterica subspecies diarizonae and subspecies vii, klf is related to the known k88-fae fimbria and klf ...201728817673
application of chitosan microparticles for mitigation of salmonella in agricultural water.the activity of chitosan microparticles (cm) was examined using a matrix of conditions in order to assess the efficacy of cm as a mitigation against various strains of salmonella enterica in agricultural water.201728815882
vibrio cholerae type 6 secretion system effector trafficking in target bacterial cells.the type 6 secretion system (t6ss) is used by many gram-negative bacterial species to deliver toxic effector proteins into nearby bacteria prey cells to kill or inhibit their growth. vgrg proteins are core conserved secretion substrates of the t6ss and one subset of t6ss effectors consists of vgrg proteins with c-terminal extension domains carrying various enzymatic activities. in vibrio cholerae, vgrg3 has a hydrolase extension domain and degrades peptidoglycan in the periplasm of target bacter ...201728808000
association between wetland presence and incidence of salmonella enterica serotype javiana infections in selected us sites, 2005-2011.salmonella causes an estimated 1·2 million illnesses annually in the usa. salmonella enterica serotype javiana (serotype javiana) is the fourth most common serotype isolated from humans, with the majority of illnesses occurring in southeastern states. the percentage of wetland cover by wetland type and the average incidence rates of serotype javiana infection in selected counties of the foodborne disease active surveillance network (foodnet) were examined. this analysis explored the relationship ...201728803563
estimation of the probability of bacterial population survival: development of a probability model to describe the variability in time to inactivation of salmonella enterica.despite the development of numerous predictive microbial inactivation models, a model focusing on the variability in time to inactivation for a bacterial population has not been developed. additionally, an appropriate estimation of the risk of there being any remaining bacterial survivors in foods after the application of an inactivation treatment has not yet been established. here, gamma distribution, as a representative probability distribution, was used to estimate the variability in time to ...201728800819
salmonella spi-2 type iii secretion system effectors: molecular mechanisms and physiological consequences.serovars of salmonella enterica cause both gastrointestinal and systemic diseases in a broad range of mammalian hosts, including humans. salmonella virulence depends in part on its pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system (spi-2 t3ss), which is required to translocate at least 28 effector proteins from vacuolar-resident bacteria into host cells. comparative genomic analysis reveals that all serovars encode a subset of "core" effectors, suggesting that they are critical for virulence in d ...201728799907
transcriptome and proteome analysis of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium systemic infection of wild type and immune-deficient mice.salmonella enterica are a threat to public health. current vaccines are not fully effective. the ability to grow in infected tissues within phagocytes is required for s. enterica virulence in systemic disease. as the infection progresses the bacteria are exposed to a complex host immune response. consequently, in order to continue growing in the tissues, s. enterica requires the coordinated regulation of fitness genes. bacterial gene regulation has so far been investigated largely using exposure ...201728796780
6s rna is involved in acid resistance and invasion of epithelial cells in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.acid is an important environmental condition encountered frequently by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during its pathogenesis, but the role of small-noncoding rnas (srnas) in response to acid stress is poorly understood.201728796533
what the sif is happening-the role of intracellular salmonella-induced filaments.a common strategy among intracellular bacterial pathogens is to enter into a vacuolar environment upon host cell invasion. one such pathogen, salmonella enterica, resides within the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) inside epithelial cells and macrophages. salmonella hijacks the host endosomal system to establish this unique intracellular replicative niche, forming a highly complex and dynamic network of salmonella-induced filaments (sifs). sifs radiate outwards from the scv upon onset of bact ...201728791257
insights from protein-protein interaction studies on bacterial pathogenesis.the threat bacterial pathogens pose to human health is increasing with the number and distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, while the rate of discovery of new antimicrobials dwindles. proteomics is playing key roles in understanding the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis, and in identifying disease outcome determinants. the physical associations identified by proteomics can provide the means to develop pathogen-specific treatment methods that reduce the spread of antibiotic ...201728786313
prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a among children in a pediatric tertiary care hospital in south india over a period of ten years: a retrospective study.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trends in the antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal salmonellae in children and adolescents at a pediatric tertiary care hospital in south india. typhoidal salmonellae were isolated from 483 of the 77,713 blood cultures received during the ten-year study period (2007-2016). isolates were speciated by conventional biochemical reactions and serotyping. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted according to the briti ...201728785823
determination of optimum sanitizer levels for prevention of salmonella cross-contamination of mature round tomatoes in a laboratory model flume system.salmonella has been reported to be involved in several foodborne illness outbreaks, many of which resulted from consumption of raw tomatoes. this research aimed to optimize and evaluate the concentration of free chlorine (hypochlorous acid [hocl]) used as a sanitizer to prevent cross-contamination of tomatoes inoculated with a cocktail of five rifampin-resistant salmonella enterica serovars in a laboratory-based model flume system. organic load, prepared using sterilized scotts premium topsoil, ...201728782995
purulent pericarditis with salmonella enterica subspecies arizona in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus.purulent pericarditis is a life-threatening disorder, even in the modern antibiotic era. although diabetes mellitus is known to be associated with an increased risk of multiple types of infections, purulent pericarditis is extremely rare. we herein report an unusual case of pericarditis caused by salmonella enterica subspecies arizona that was not associated with any evident underlying immunosuppressive disorder apart from uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. because a pet snake was suspected ...201728781305
potential of 2, 2'-dipyridyl diselane as an adjunct to antibiotics to manage cadmium-induced antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi ty2 strain.one of the reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in salmonella enterica serovar typhi ty2 is the influx of heavy metal ions in the sewage, from where the infection is transmitted. therefore, curbing these selective agents could be one of the strategies to manage the emergence of multidrug resistance in the pathogen. as observed in our earlier study, the present study also confirmed the links between cadmium accumulation and antibiotic resistance in salmonella. therefore, the potential of a ...201728779338
the invasome of salmonella dublin as revealed by whole genome sequencing.salmonella enterica serovar dublin is a zoonotic infection that can be transmitted from cattle to humans through consumption of contaminated milk and milk products. outbreaks of human infections by s. dublin have been reported in several countries including high-income countries. a high proportion of s. dublin cases in humans are associated with invasive disease and systemic illness. the genetic basis of virulence in s. dublin is not well characterized.201728778189
plant-mediated restriction of salmonella enterica on tomato and spinach leaves colonized with pseudomonas plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.reducing salmonella enterica association with plants during crop production could reduce risks of fresh produce-borne salmonellosis. plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) colonizing plant roots are capable of promoting plant growth and boosting resistance to disease, but the effects of pgpr on human pathogen-plant associations are not known. two root-colonizing pseudomonas strains s2 and s4 were investigated in spinach, lettuce and tomato for their plant growth-promoting properties and the ...201728778009
draft genome sequences of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2 with deleted chitinases that are emerging virulence factors.chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 linkages in complex carbohydrates and those that contain glcnac. these enzymes are considered emerging virulence factors during infection because the host glycan changes. this is the release of four single chitinase deletion mutants in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2.201728774970
assembly and stoichiometry of the core structure of the bacterial flagellar type iii export gate complex.the bacterial flagellar type iii export apparatus, which is required for flagellar assembly beyond the cell membranes, consists of a transmembrane export gate complex and a cytoplasmic atpase complex. flha, flhb, flip, fliq, and flir form the gate complex inside the basal body ms ring, although flio is required for efficient export gate formation in salmonella enterica. however, it remains unknown how they form the gate complex. here we report that flip forms a homohexameric ring with a diameter ...201728771466
validation of thermal lethality against salmonella enterica in poultry offal during rendering.recent outbreaks of human disease following contact with companion animal foods cross-contaminated with enteric pathogens, such as salmonella enterica, have resulted in increased concern regarding the microbiological safety of animal foods. additionally, the u.s. food and drug administration food safety modernization act and its implementing rules have stipulated the implementation of current good manufacturing practices and food safety preventive controls for livestock and companion animal food ...201728771040
the transient multidrug resistance phenotype of salmonella enterica swarming cells is abolished by sub-inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial compounds.swarming motility is the rapid and coordinated multicellular migration of bacteria across a moist surface. during swarming, bacterial cells exhibit increased resistance to multiple antibiotics, a phenomenon described as adaptive or transient resistance. in this study, we demonstrate that sub-inhibitory concentrations of cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, or chloramphenicol, but not that of amikacin, colistin, kanamycin or tetracycline, impair salmonella enterica swarming. chloramphenicol-t ...201728769915
comparative genomic analysis and characterization of incompatibility group fib plasmid encoded virulence factors of salmonella enterica isolated from food sources.the degree to which the chromosomal mediated iron acquisition system contributes to virulence of many bacterial pathogens is well defined. however, the functional roles of plasmid encoded iron acquisition systems, specifically sit and aerobactin, have yet to be determined for salmonella spp. in a recent study, salmonella enterica strains isolated from different food sources were sequenced on the illumina miseq platform and found to harbor the incompatibility group (inc) fib plasmid. in this stud ...201728768482
drug resistance pattern in the recent isolates of salmonella typhi with special reference to cephalosporins and azithromycin in the gangetic plain.typhoid fever is an endemic disease in india against which many antibiotics are available. in the recent times, emerging resistance to traditional antibiotics, such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, azithro-mycin and third generation cephalosporins are being reported and increasingly being used in the treatment of invasive salmonella infections. however, the latter two drugs have been reported with occasional clinical failures. currently, we do not have data regar ...201728764168
ground water as the source of an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis.in september 2014, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported to the public health institute of šibenik and knin county in croatia. the outbreak occurred in the county center of šibenik, a town with 50,000 inhabitants, and it lasted for 12days. an epidemiological investigation suggested a nearby water spring as the source of the outbreak. due to the temporary closure of the public water supply system, the inhabitants started to use untreated water from a nearby spring. microbiological analysis ...201728756827
repression of salmonella host cell invasion by aromatic small molecules from the human fecal metabolome.the human microbiome is a collection of microorganisms that inhabit every surface of the body that is exposed to the environment, generally coexisting peacefully with their host. these microbes have important functions such as the production of vitamins, maturation of the immune system and protection against pathogens. we have previously shown that a small-molecule extract from the human fecal microbiome has a strong repressive effect on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium host cell invasion ...201728754707
salmonella enterica serovar infantis from food and human infections, switzerland, 2010-2015: poultry-related multidrug resistant clones and an emerging esbl producing clonal lineage.objectives: the aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 520 salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from food (poultry meat), human infections and environmental sources from the years 2010, 2013 and 2015 in switzerland. methods: we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis on all 520 s. infantis isolates, and whole genome sequencing (wgs) on 32 selected isolates. results: the majority (74.8%) of the isolates wa ...201728751886
whole-genome shotgun sequences of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lilleengen type strains lt1, lt18, lt19, lt20, lt21, and lt22.the lilleengen type (lt) collection of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains has served the scientific community as a group of model organisms for basic genetic and biochemical pathway research. here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequences of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains lt1, lt18, lt19, lt20, lt21, and lt22.201728751402
genome target evaluator (gtevaluator): a workflow exploiting genome dataset to measure the sensitivity and specificity of genetic markers.most of the bacterial typing methods used to discriminate isolates in medical or food safety microbiology are based on genetic markers used as targets in pcr or hybridization experiments. these dna typing methods are important tools for studying prevalence and epidemiology, for conducting surveillance, investigations and control of biological hazard sources. in that perspective, it is crucial to insure that the chosen genetic markers have the greatest specificity and sensitivity. the wealth of w ...201728750049
salmonella choleraesuis outer membrane vesicles: proteomics and immunogenicity.salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis), gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen is capable of inducing the cholera in pigs whose symptoms manifest as fever, depression, septicemia, arthritis, and diarrhea. infections with s. choleraesuis has resulted in great economic loss for the swine breeding operations. bacterial outer membrane vesicles (omvs) play an important role in pathogenicity and host-pathogen interaction. in this study, we purified omvs released by s. ch ...201728745825
salmonella enterica serovar-specific transcriptional reprogramming of infected cells.despite their high degree of genomic similarity, different salmonella enterica serovars are often associated with very different clinical presentations. in humans, for example, the typhoidal s. enterica serovar typhi causes typhoid fever, a life-threatening systemic disease. in contrast, the non-typhoidal s. enterica serovar typhimurium causes self-limiting gastroenteritis. the molecular bases for these different clinical presentations are incompletely understood. the ability to re-program gene ...201728742135
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