Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| development of broad-spectrum human monoclonal antibodies for rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. | currently available rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) for use in humans includes equine or human rabies immunoglobulins (rig). the replacement of rig with an equally or more potent and safer product is strongly encouraged due to the high costs and limited availability of existing rig. in this study, we identified two broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies that represent a valid and affordable alternative to rig in rabies pep. memory b cells from four selected vaccinated donors wer ... | 2016 | 26992832 |
| human rabies - missouri, 2014. | on september 18, 2014, the missouri department of health and senior services (mdhss) was notified of a suspected rabies case in a missouri resident. the patient, a man aged 52 years, lived in a rural, deeply wooded area, and bat sightings in and around his home were anecdotally reported. exposure to bats poses a risk for rabies. after two emergency department visits for severe neck pain, paresthesia in the left arm, upper body tremors, and anxiety, he was hospitalized on september 13 for encepha ... | 2016 | 26985578 |
| rabies in costa rica: documentation of the surveillance program and the endemic situation from 1985 to 2014. | this is the first comprehensive epidemiological analysis of rabies in costa rica. we characterized the occurrence of the disease and demonstrated its endemic nature in this country. in costa rica, as in other countries in latin america, hematophagous vampire bats are the primary wildlife vectors transmitting the rabies virus to cattle herds. between 1985 and 2014, a total of 78 outbreaks of bovine rabies was reported in costa rica, with documented cases of 723 dead cattle. of cattle outbreaks, 8 ... | 2016 | 26982168 |
| toxoplasmosis may lead to road kills of persian leopards ( panthera pardus saxicolor) in golestan national park, iran. | three persian leopards ( panthera pardus saxicolor) that died from car accidents in golestan national park, iran, were tested for toxoplasma gondii and rabies virus infection. acute t. gondii infection was diagnosed in two persian leopards; no rabies virus was detected. acute toxoplasmosis may be a factor in persian leopard road kills. | 2016 | 26981691 |
| a recombinant rabies virus carrying gfp between n and p affects viral transcription in vitro. | several studies have demonstrated the rabies virus to be a perfect potential vaccine vector to insert foreign genes into the target genome. for this study, a green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was cloned into the rabies virus (rabv) genome between the n and p gene. ct dinucleotide was inserted as intergenic region. the recombinant high egg passage flury strain (hep-flury) of rabv, carrying gfp (rhep-np-gfp), was generated in bhk-21 cells using reverse genetics. according to the viral growth ki ... | 2016 | 26957093 |
| rabies transmission risks during peripartum--two cases and a review of the literature. | we report two cases of probable rabies in near-term/at-term pregnant women in sub-saharan africa and asia. one baby was delivered by caesarean section and the other one vaginally. both received post-exposure prophylaxis (pep), including rig and vaccine and both are alive and healthy, at 9 and 24 months, respectively. we found 14 other published cases of infants born from rabid mothers. one confirmed case of rabies transmission occurred. the other children born from rabid mothers, with or without ... | 2016 | 26947499 |
| synonymous codon usage pattern in glycoprotein gene of rabies virus. | rabies virus (rabv) is the causative agent of a fatal nervous system ailment. the disease is zoonotic and prevalent in many developing countries. the glycoprotein (g) of rabv is the major antigenic determinant of the virus and plays a pivotal role in its neurovirulence. various aspects of 'g' protein biology have been explored, but the factors affecting the nucleotide choice and synonymous codon usage have never been reported. in the present study, we have analyzed the relative synonymous codon ... | 2016 | 26945626 |
| nuclear trafficking of the rabies virus interferon antagonist p-protein is regulated by an importin-binding nuclear localization sequence in the c-terminal domain. | rabies virus p-protein is expressed as five isoforms (p1-p5) which undergo nucleocytoplasmic trafficking important to roles in immune evasion. although nuclear import of p3 is known to be mediated by an importin (imp)-recognised nuclear localization sequence in the n-terminal region (n-nls), the mechanisms underlying nuclear import of other p isoforms in which the n-nls is inactive or has been deleted have remained unresolved. based on the previous observation that mutation of basic residues k21 ... | 2016 | 26939125 |
| interferon-inducible gtpase: a novel viral response protein involved in rabies virus infection. | rabies virus infection is a major public health concern because of its wide host-interference spectrum and nearly 100 % lethality. however, the interactions between host and virus remain unclear. to decipher the authentic response in the central nervous system after rabies virus infection, a dynamic analysis of brain proteome alteration was performed. in this study, 104 significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified, and intermediate filament, interferon-inducible gtpases, and l ... | 2016 | 26906695 |
| rabies post-exposure prophylaxis for a child with severe allergic reaction to rabies vaccine. | most adverse events (aes) during the immunization of rabies vaccine were slight, there was little information about the allergic reaction induced by rabies vaccines and had to stop or change the immunization program. here, we reported a case that a 4-year-old boy had category ii exposure to rabies and showed severe allergic reaction after being immunized with lyophilized purified vero cell rabies vaccine (pvrv). after the anti-allergy therapy with hormone, allergy testing indicated medium allerg ... | 2016 | 26900624 |
| molecular genetic characterization of rabies virus glycoprotein gene sequences from rabid dogs in bangkok and neighboring provinces in thailand, 2013-2014. | because of its association with dogs, rabies virus (rabv) is still endemic in thailand, where it is a serious public health problem. the genetic characterization of rabv in thailand is limited. therefore, in this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of rabv in the endemic area. viral rna from 48 brain specimens from rabid dogs, collected in bangkok and seven neighboring provinces in 2013-2014, was extracted and sequenced. the complete rabies glycoprotein (g) ge ... | 2016 | 26887972 |
| molecular optimization of rabies virus glycoprotein expression in pichia pastoris. | in this work, different approaches were investigated to enhance the expression rabies virus glycoprotein (rabv-g) in the yeast pichia pastoris; this membrane protein is responsible for the synthesis of rabies neutralizing antibodies. first, the impact of synonymous codon usage bias was examined and an optimized rabv-g gene was synthesized. nevertheless, data showed that the secretion of the optimized rabv-g gene was not tremendously increased as compared with the non-optimized one. in addition, ... | 2016 | 26880068 |
| isatis indigotica root polysaccharides as adjuvants for an inactivated rabies virus vaccine. | adjuvants can enhance vaccine immunogenicity and induce long-term enhancement of immune responses. thus, adjuvants are important for vaccine research. polysaccharides isolated from select chinese herbs have been demonstrated to possess various beneficial functions and excellent adjuvant abilities. in the present study, the polysaccharides iip-a-1 and iip-2 were isolated from isatis indigotica root and compared with the common vaccine adjuvant aluminum hydroxide via intramuscular co-administratio ... | 2016 | 26875535 |
| generation of recombinant rabies viruses encoding nanoluc luciferase for antiviral activity assays. | rabies is an invariably fatal disease caused by rabies virus (rabv), a member of the family rhabdoviridae, genus lyssavirus. once central nervous infection occurs and symptoms develop, the case fatality rate approaches 100% despite availability of post-exposure prophylaxis. therefore, new antiviral therapies for rabies are urgently required. antivirals which can inhibit virus replication can be identified through screening of small compounds, however, as rabv infection does not generate easily d ... | 2016 | 26869397 |
| molecular epidemiological tracing of a cattle rabies outbreak lasting less than a month in rio grande do sul in southern brazil. | vampire bat-transmitted cattle rabies cases are typically encountered in areas where the disease is endemic. however, over the period of a month in 2009, an outbreak of cattle rabies occurred and then ended spontaneously in a small area of the rio grande do sul state in southern brazil. to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of this rabies outbreak in rio grande do sul, 26 nucleotide sequences of rabies virus (rabv) genomes that were collected in this area were analyzed phylogenetica ... | 2016 | 26868014 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of rabivac vaccine for animal rabies control in morocco. | to fight animal rabies, moroccan veterinary authorities organize annual dog mass vaccination campaigns using rabivac vaccine, an inactivated adjuvanted cell culture veterinary rabies vaccine. two experiments were undertaken to assess the efficacy and immunogenicity of rabivac. | 2016 | 26866025 |
| the importance of wild canids in the epidemiology of rabies in northeast brazil: a retrospective study. | rabies is an endemic disease in brazil, where it is considered a serious public health problem. although the number of human and dog-transmitted cases has declined in recent decades, rabies in wildlife has emerged considerably. among the sylvatic animals, wild canids have been considered important hosts of the rabies virus. we performed a retrospective study of reported cases of rabies in wild canids and human victims in ceará state (northeast brazil) during 2003 to 2013. information was provide ... | 2016 | 26815766 |
| silencing ccr2 in macrophages alleviates adipose tissue inflammation and the associated metabolic syndrome in dietary obese mice. | adipose tissue macrophage (atm)-mediated inflammation is a key feature contributing to the adverse metabolic outcomes of dietary obesity. recruitment of macrophages to obese adipose tissues (at) can occur through the engagement of ccr2, the receptor for mcp-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), which is expressed on peripheral monocytes/macrophages. here, we show that i.p. administration of a rabies virus glycoprotein-derived acetylcholine receptor-binding peptide effectively delivers complexe ... | 2016 | 26812653 |
| bioecological drivers of rabies virus circulation in a neotropical bat community. | in addition to the commonly accepted importance of the vampire bat in the maintenance and transmission of the rabies virus (rabv) in south america, rabv infection of other species is widely evidenced, challenging their role in the viral cycle. | 2016 | 26808820 |
| rabies virus cvs-n2c(δg) strain enhances retrograde synaptic transfer and neuronal viability. | virally based transsynaptic tracing technologies are powerful experimental tools for neuronal circuit mapping. the glycoprotein-deletion variant of the sad-b19 vaccine strain rabies virus (rabv) has been the reagent of choice in monosynaptic tracing, since it permits the mapping of synaptic inputs to genetically marked neurons. since its introduction, new helper viruses and reagents that facilitate complementation have enhanced the efficiency of sad-b19(δg) transsynaptic transfer, but there has ... | 2016 | 26804990 |
| a novel rabies vaccine based-on toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) agonist pika adjuvant exhibiting excellent safety and efficacy in animal studies. | vaccination alone is not sufficiently effective to protect human from post-exposure rabies virus infection due to delayed generation of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and weak cellular immunity. therefore, it is vital to develop safer and more efficacious vaccine against rabies. pika, a stabilized chemical analog of double-stranded rna that interacts with tlr3, was employed as adjuvant of rabies vaccine. the efficacy and safety of pika rabies vaccine were evaluated. the results showed that ... | 2016 | 26765968 |
| intravenous administration of brain-targeted stable nucleic acid lipid particles alleviates machado-joseph disease neurological phenotype. | others and we showed that rna interference holds great promise for the treatment of dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorders such as machado-joseph disease (mjd), for which there is no available treatment. however, successful experiments involved intracranial administration of viral vectors and there is a need for a safer and less invasive procedure. in this work, we successfully generated stable nucleic acid lipid particles (snalps), incorporating a short peptide derived from rabies vir ... | 2016 | 26757259 |
| theranostic gas-generating nanoparticles for targeted ultrasound imaging and treatment of neuroblastoma. | the development of safe and efficient diagnostic/therapeutic agents for treating cancer in clinics remains challenging due to the potential toxicity of conventional agents. although the annual incidence of neuroblastoma is not that high, the disease mainly occurs in children, a population vulnerable to toxic contrast agents and therapeutics. we demonstrate here that cancer-targeting, gas-generating polymeric nanoparticles are useful as a theranostic tool for ultrasound (us) imaging and treating ... | 2016 | 26739549 |
| perspectives in diagnosis and treatment of rabies viral encephalitis: insights from pathogenesis. | rabies viral encephalitis, though one of the oldest recognized infectious disease of humans, remains an incurable, fatal encephalomyelitis, despite advances in understanding of its pathobiology. advances in science have led us on the trail of the virus in the host, but the sanctuaries in which the virus remains hidden for its survival are unknown. insights into host-pathogen interactions have facilitated evolving immunologic therapeutic strategies, though we are far from a cure. most of the pres ... | 2016 | 27324391 |
| travel-associated rabies in pets and residual rabies risk, western europe. | in 2015, countries in western europe were declared free of rabies in nonflying mammals. surveillance data for 2001-2013 indicate that risk for residual rabies is not 0 because of pet importation from countries with enzootic rabies. however, the risk is so low (7.52 × 10(-10)) that it probably can be considered negligible. | 2016 | 27314463 |
| dog ecology and barriers to canine rabies control in the republic of haiti, 2014-2015. | an estimated 59 000 persons die annually of infection with the rabies virus worldwide, and dog bites are responsible for 95% of these deaths. haiti has the highest rate of animal and human rabies in the western hemisphere. this study describes the status of animal welfare, animal vaccination, human bite treatment, and canine morbidity and mortality in haiti in order to identify barriers to rabies prevention and control. an epidemiologic survey was used for data collection among dog owners during ... | 2016 | 27313170 |
| delayed progression of rabies transmitted by a vampire bat. | here, we compared the growth kinetics, cell-to-cell spread, and virus internalization kinetics in n2a cells of rabv variants isolated from vampire bats (v-3), domestic dogs (v-2) and marmosets (v-m) as well as the clinical symptoms and mortality caused by these variants. the replication rate of v-3 was significantly higher than those of v-2 and v-m. however, the uptake and spread of these rabv variants into n2a cells were inversely proportional. nevertheless, v-3 had longer incubation and evolut ... | 2016 | 27306647 |
| [targeted inhibition of rabies virus gene expression by a chimeric multidomain protein mediated shrna delivery]. | in this study, a new chimeric protein seg expressed in previous work was applied to evaluate its translocating efficiency of shrna to rabies virus infected cells in mice, meanwhile, the capability of anti-rabies virus was investigated. | 2016 | 27305782 |
| predicted 3d model of the rabies virus glycoprotein trimer. | the rabvg ectodomain is a homotrimer, and trimers are often called spikes. they are responsible for the attachment of the virus through the interaction with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule (ncam), and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75ntr). this makes them relevant in viral pathogenesis. the antigenic structure differs significantly between the trimers and monomers. surfaces rich in hydrophobic amino acids are important for trimer stabilization in which the c-ter ... | 2016 | 27294109 |
| human rabies - wyoming and utah, 2015. | in september 2015, a wyoming woman was admitted to a local hospital with a 5-day history of progressive weakness, ataxia, dysarthria, and dysphagia. because of respiratory failure, she was transferred to a referral hospital in utah, where she developed progressive encephalitis. on day 8 of hospitalization, the patient's family told clinicians they recalled that, 1 month before admission, the woman had found a bat on her neck upon waking, but had not sought medical care. the patient's husband sub ... | 2016 | 27253630 |
| intracellular spread of rabies virus is reduced in the paralytic form of canine rabies compared to the furious form. | studies of the furious and paralytic forms of canine rabies at the early stage of disease have shown a more rapid viral colonization of the cerebral hemispheres in the furious form, as measured by viral antigen within neuronal cell bodies and viral rna levels. measurement of cellular processes separate from neuronal cell body provides a visual record of the spread of rabies virus which occurs across synapses. in this study, the amount of rabies viral antigen within cell processes was quantitativ ... | 2016 | 27253394 |
| the co-chaperone cdc37 regulates the rabies virus phosphoprotein stability by targeting to hsp90aa1 machinery. | cdc37, as a kinase-specific co-chaperone of the chaperone hsp90aa1 (hsp90), actively aids with the maturation, stabilization and activation of the cellular or viral kinase/kinase-like targets. phosphoprotein (p) of rabies virus (rabv) is a multifunctional, non-kinase protein involved in interferon antagonism, viral transcription and replication. here, we demonstrated that the rabv non-kinase p is chaperoned by cdc37 and hsp90 during infection. we found that cdc37 and hsp90 affect the rabv life c ... | 2016 | 27251758 |
| [creation of dna vaccine vector based on codon-optimized gene of rabies virus glycoprotein (g protein) with consensus amino acid sequence]. | an optimized design of the rabies virus glycoprotein (g protein) for use within dna vaccines has been suggested. the design represents a territorially adapted antigen constructed taking into account glycoprotein amino acid sequences of the rabies viruses registered in the russian federation and the vaccine vnukovo-32 strain. based on the created consensus amino acid sequence, the nucleotide codon-optimized sequence of this modified glycoprotein was obtained and cloned into the pvax1 plasmid (a v ... | 2016 | 27239860 |
| impact of recombinant drosophila s2 cell population enrichment on expression of rabies virus glycoprotein. | recombinant drosophila s2 cells have been used for the expression of many proteins of medical interest. however, membrane-attached glycoproteins, which commonly exhibit lower expression levels compared to soluble proteins, may require special procedures in order to attain high levels of expression. in this study, two s2 cell population enrichment methods (antibiotic and immunomagnetic selection) were evaluated for their ability to enhance expression of the membrane-anchored rabies virus glycopro ... | 2016 | 27216014 |
| the rabies virus l protein catalyzes mrna capping with gdp polyribonucleotidyltransferase activity. | the large (l) protein of rabies virus (rabv) plays multiple enzymatic roles in viral rna synthesis and processing. however, none of its putative enzymatic activities have been directly demonstrated in vitro. in this study, we expressed and purified a recombinant form of the rabv l protein and verified its guanosine 5'-triphosphatase and gdp polyribonucleotidyltransferase (prntase) activities, which are essential for viral mrna cap formation by the unconventional mechanism. the rabv l protein cap ... | 2016 | 27213429 |
| overwintering of rabies virus in silver haired bats (lasionycteris noctivagans). | silver-haired bats, (lasionycteris noctivagans) are semi-colonial, migratory tree bats that have infrequent contact with humans. despite the species rarity, the l. noctivagans rabies variant is the most commonly reported rabies virus variant (rabv) in domestically acquired human rabies cases in the us. unlike big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) and little brown bats (myotis lucifugus), l. noctivagans are not considered true hibernators. it is unknown if rabv can overwinter in hibernating l. noctiv ... | 2016 | 27195489 |
| a novel rabies virus lipopeptide provides a better protection by improving the magnitude of dcs activation and t cell responses. | besides rabies virus neutralizing antibody, non-neutralizing antibody to internal vital proteins, interferon, and possibly cell-mediated immunity also have a critical role in preventing the infection by rabies virus (rv). we identified novel ctl and th epitopes which could induce lymphocyte proliferation and ifn-γ, il-4 production, and designed linear and branched lipopeptides with these selected ctl and th epitopes. compared to linear construct, branched lipopeptides, especially lipo c, stimula ... | 2016 | 27182006 |
| mxa mediates sumo-induced resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus. | multiple cellular pathways are regulated by small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo) modification, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, signal transduction, innate immunity, and antiviral defense. in the study described in this report, we investigated the effects of sumo on the replication of two members of the rhabdoviridae family, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus (rabv). we show that stable expression of sumo in human cells confers resistance to vsv infection in an interferon ... | 2016 | 27170750 |
| shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. | the mammalian retina conveys the vast majority of information about visual stimuli to two brain regions: the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn) and the superior colliculus (sc). the degree to which retinal ganglion cells (rgcs) send similar or distinct information to the two areas remains unclear despite the important constraints that different patterns of rgc input place on downstream visual processing. to resolve this ambiguity, we injected a glycoprotein-deficient rabies virus coding fo ... | 2016 | 27169509 |
| evaluation of elisa for the detection of rabies virus antibodies from the thoracic liquid and muscle extract samples in the monitoring of fox oral vaccination campaigns. | the main goal of oral vaccination of foxes is eradication of rabies in the red fox population as rabies reservoirs. to evaluate the success of vaccination a serological testing is conducted as a part of monitoring program. two different methods are used regarding rabies serology: virus neutralisation test and elisa. | 2016 | 27164987 |
| quantitative proteome profiling of street rabies virus-infected mouse hippocampal synaptosomes. | it is well established now that neuronal dysfunction rather than structural damage may be responsible for the development of rabies. in order to explore the underlying mechanisms in rabies virus (rabv) and synaptic dysfunctions, a quantitative proteome profiling was carried out on synaptosome samples from mice hippocampus. synaptosome samples from mice hippocampus were isolated and confirmed by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. synaptosome protein content changes were quantitati ... | 2016 | 27155843 |
| calbindin d28k distribution in neurons and reactive gliosis in cerebellar cortex of natural rabies virus-infected cattle. | rabies has been an enigmatic disease because microscopic findings in central nervous system tissues do not always correlate well with the severity of the clinical illness. immunohistochemical staining of the calcium-binding protein calbindin (specifically cbd28k) seems to be the technique most used to identify purkinje neurons under normal and pathological conditions. in the present work, we evaluated cbd28k immunoreactivity in the cerebellar cortex of normal and natural rabies virus (rabv)-infe ... | 2016 | 27154319 |
| development and validation of a quantitative competitive elisa for potency testing of equine anti rabies sera with other potential use. | in case of a bite by a rabies infected animal, the world health organisation recommends a prophylactic treatment including the administration of human rabies immunoglobulins (hrigs) or highly purified f(ab')2 fragments produced from equine rabies immunoglobulin (f(ab')2 - erigs). according to international regulation, quality control of f(ab')2 - erigs lots requires potency testing by the in vivo mouse neutralisation test (mnt) prior marketing. however, the strategy of the 3rs (reduce, refine, r ... | 2016 | 27151880 |
| improved monosynaptic neural circuit tracing using engineered rabies virus glycoproteins. | monosynaptic rabies virus tracing is a unique and powerful tool used to identify neurons making direct presynaptic connections onto neurons of interest across the entire nervous system. current methods utilize complementation of glycoprotein gene-deleted rabies of the sad b19 strain with its glycoprotein, b19g, to mediate retrograde transsynaptic spread across a single synaptic step. in most conditions, this method labels only a fraction of input neurons and would thus benefit from improved effi ... | 2016 | 27149846 |
| notes from the field: assessment of health facilities for control of canine rabies - gondar city, amhara region, ethiopia, 2015. | rabies is an encephalitic disease that is nearly always fatal after onset of illness. worldwide, rabies kills an estimated 59,000 humans each year (95% confidence interval [ci] = 25,000-159,000); the majority of the deaths are caused by the rabies virus variant that circulates in dogs (1,2). canine rabies is endemic in ethiopia, with an estimated 2,771 human deaths annually (ci = 1,116-12,660) (1-3). annual rabies-associated livestock losses are estimated at >$50 million (usd), making rabies imp ... | 2016 | 27149318 |
| characterization of epitopes on the rabies virus glycoprotein by selection and analysis of escape mutants. | the glycoprotein (g) is the only surface protein of the lyssavirus particle and the only viral product known to be capable of eliciting the production of neutralizing antibodies. in this study, the isolation of escape mutants resistant to monoclonal antibody (mab) neutralization was attempted by a selection strategy employing four distinct rabies virus strains: the extensively passaged evelyn rokitnicki abelseth (era) strain and three field isolates representing two bat-associated variants and t ... | 2016 | 27132040 |
| bayesian spatiotemporal pattern and eco-climatological drivers of striped skunk rabies in the north central plains. | striped skunks are one of the most important terrestrial reservoirs of rabies virus in north america, and yet the prevalence of rabies among this host is only passively monitored and the disease among this host remains largely unmanaged. oral vaccination campaigns have not efficiently targeted striped skunks, while periodic spillovers of striped skunk variant viruses to other animals, including some domestic animals, are routinely recorded. in this study we evaluated the spatial and spatio-tempo ... | 2016 | 27127994 |
| disinfection protocols for necropsy equipment in rabies laboratories: safety of personnel and diagnostic outcome. | in the last decades, molecular techniques have gradually been adopted for the rapid confirmation of results obtained through gold standard methods. however, international organisations discourage their use in routine laboratory investigations for rabies post-mortem diagnosis, as they may lead to false positive results due to cross-contamination. cleaning and disinfection are essential to prevent cross-contamination of samples in the laboratory environment. the present study evaluated the efficac ... | 2016 | 27091100 |
| molecular characterization of canine rabies virus, mali, 2006-2013. | we genetically characterized 32 canine rabies viruses isolated in mali during 2006-2013 and identified 3 subgroups that belonged to the africa 2 lineage. we also detected subgroup f rabies virus. this information should be useful for development of mass vaccination campaigns for dogs and eventual large-scale control programs in this country. | 2016 | 27089307 |
| development of rabies virus-like particles for vaccine applications: production, characterization, and protection studies. | rabies is a viral infection of the central nervous system for which vaccination is the only treatment possible. besides preexposure, vaccination is highly recommended for people living in endemic areas, veterinarians, and laboratory workers. our group has developed rabies virus-like particles (rv-vlps) with immunogenic features expressed in mammalian cells for vaccine applications. in this chapter the methods to obtain and characterize a stable hek293 cell line expressing rv-vlps are detailed. f ... | 2016 | 27076129 |
| immunogenicity of multi-epitope-based vaccine candidates administered with the adjuvant gp96 against rabies. | rabies, a zoonotic disease, causes > 55,000 human deaths globally and results in at least 500 million dollars in losses every year. the currently available rabies vaccines are mainly inactivated and attenuated vaccines, which have been linked with clinical diseases in animals. thus, a rabies vaccine with high safety and efficacy is urgently needed. peptide vaccines are known for their low cost, simple production procedures and high safety. therefore, in this study, we examined the efficacy of mu ... | 2016 | 27068655 |
| revealing the micro-scale signature of endemic zoonotic disease transmission in an african urban setting. | the development of novel approaches that combine epidemiological and genomic data provides new opportunities to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of infectious diseases and determine the processes responsible for their spread and maintenance. taking advantage of detailed epidemiological time series and viral sequence data from more than 20 years reported by the national reference centre for rabies of bangui, the capital city of central african republic, we used a combination of mathematical mod ... | 2016 | 27058957 |
| complete genome sequence of a vampire bat rabies virus from french guiana. | a rabies virus was detected in a common vampire bat (desmodus rotundus) in french guiana. its genomic sequence was obtained and found to be closely related to other hematophagous bat-related viruses that widely circulate in the northern amazon region. this virus is named at6. | 2016 | 27056216 |
| brain-wide maps of synaptic input to cortical interneurons. | cortical inhibition is mediated by diverse inhibitory neuron types that can each play distinct roles in information processing by virtue of differences in their input sources, intrinsic properties, and innervation targets. previous studies in brain slices have demonstrated considerable cell-type specificity in laminar sources of local inputs. in contrast, little is known about possible differences in distant inputs to different cortical interneuron types. we used the monosynaptic rabies virus sy ... | 2016 | 27053207 |
| vaccine-induced rabies case in a cow (bos taurus): molecular characterisation of vaccine strain in brain tissue. | rabies is a fatal neuropathogenic zoonosis caused by the rabies virus of the lyssavirus genus, rhabdoviridae family. the oral vaccination of foxes - the main reservoir of rabies in europe - using a live attenuated rabies virus vaccine was successfully conducted in many western european countries. in july 2015, a rabies vaccine strain was isolated from the brain tissues of a clinically suspect cow (bos taurus) in romania. the nucleotide analysis of both n and g gene sequences showed 100% identity ... | 2016 | 27576075 |
| increased pathogenicity of rabies virus due to modification of a non-coding region. | sub-passaging of qs-05, a street rabies virus (rabv) isolate, in non-neuronal cells resulted in a virus with higher pathogenicity, qs-bhk-p7. four full-length cdna plasmids were constructed and the corresponding recombinant viruses were recovered: rqs-05, rqs-bhk-p7 and rqs05-2475g/rqs-bhk-p7-2475a (made by switching of intergenic p-m between these two backbones). rqs-bhk-p7-2475 a virus had eight instead of seven adenosines in its poly(a) sequence. interestingly, mutant viruses with 6 or 8 aden ... | 2016 | 27558122 |
| green synthesis and evaluation of silver nanoparticles as adjuvant in rabies veterinary vaccine. | green synthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts plays a significant role in different applications. recently, several studies were conducted on the use of nanoparticles as adjuvant. the main aim of this study was to evaluate green synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) as adjuvant in rabies veterinary vaccine and compare the results with the existing commercially available alum adjuvant. | 2016 | 27536101 |
| motor, cognitive, and affective areas of the cerebral cortex influence the adrenal medulla. | modern medicine has generally viewed the concept of "psychosomatic" disease with suspicion. this view arose partly because no neural networks were known for the mind, conceptually associated with the cerebral cortex, to influence autonomic and endocrine systems that control internal organs. here, we used transneuronal transport of rabies virus to identify the areas of the primate cerebral cortex that communicate through multisynaptic connections with a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal med ... | 2016 | 27528671 |
| delivery of therapeutic sirna to the cns using cationic and anionic liposomes. | prion diseases result from the misfolding of the normal, cellular prion protein (prp(c)) to an abnormal protease resistant isomer called prp(res). the emergence of prion diseases in wildlife populations and their increasing threat to human health has led to increased efforts to find a treatment for these diseases. recent studies have found numerous anti-prion compounds that can either inhibit the infectious prp(res) isomer or down regulate the normal cellular prion protein. however, most of thes ... | 2016 | 27501362 |
| a recombinant rabies virus (erags) for use in a bait vaccine for swine. | rabies viruses (rabv) circulating worldwide in various carnivores occasionally cause fatal encephalitis in swine. in this study, the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant rabies virus, the erags strain constructed with a reverse genetics system, was evaluated in domestic pigs. | 2016 | 27489807 |
| safety and immunogenicity of recombinant rabies virus (erags) in mice and raccoon dogs. | the development of a genetically modified live rabies vaccine applicable to wild raccoon dogs is necessary for the eradication of rabies in korea. thus, we constructed a recombinant rabies virus (rabv) called the erags strain, using a reverse genetic system and evaluated its safety and efficacy in mice and its safety and immunogenicity in raccoon dogs. | 2016 | 27489806 |
| post-exposure treatment with anti-rabies vhh and vaccine significantly improves protection of mice from lethal rabies infection. | post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) against rabies infection consists of a combination of passive immunisation with plasma-derived human or equine immune globulins and active immunisation with vaccine delivered shortly after exposure. since anti-rabies immune globulins are expensive and scarce, there is a need for cheaper alternatives that can be produced more consistently. previously, we generated potent virus-neutralising vhh, also called nanobodies, against the rabies glycoprotein that are effect ... | 2016 | 27483431 |
| duration of serum antibody response to rabies vaccination in horses. | objective to investigate the impact of age and inferred prior vaccination history on the persistence of vaccine-induced antibody against rabies in horses. design serologic response evaluation. animals 48 horses with an undocumented vaccination history. procedures horses were vaccinated against rabies once. blood samples were collected prior to vaccination, 3 to 7 weeks after vaccination, and at 6-month intervals for 2 to 3 years. serum rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (rvna) values were measur ... | 2016 | 27479286 |
| rabies internalizes into primary peripheral neurons via clathrin coated pits and requires fusion at the cell body. | the single glycoprotein (g) of rabies virus (rabv) dictates all viral entry steps from receptor engagement to membrane fusion. to study the uptake of rabv into primary neuronal cells in culture, we generated a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus in which the g protein was replaced with that of the neurotropic rabv cvs-11 strain (rvsv cvs g). using microfluidic compartmentalized culture, we examined the uptake of single virions into the termini of primary neurons of the dorsal root ganglion an ... | 2016 | 27463226 |
| wild-type rabies virus induces autophagy in human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines. | different rabies virus (rabv) strains have their own biological characteristics, but little is known about their respective impact on autophagy. therefore, we evaluated whether attenuated rabv hep-flury and wild-type rabv gd-sh-01 strains triggered autophagy. we found that gd-sh-01 infection significantly increased the number of autophagy-like vesicles, the accumulation of enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp)-lc3 fluorescence puncta and the conversion of lc3-i to lc3-ii, while hep-flury was ... | 2016 | 27463027 |
| caveats in transneuronal tracing with unmodified rabies virus: an evaluation of aberrant results using a nearly perfect tracing technique. | apart from the genetically engineered, modified, strains of rabies virus (rabv), unmodified 'fixed' virus strains of rabv, such as the 'french' subtype of cvs11, are used to examine synaptically connected networks in the brain. this technique has been shown to have all the prerequisite characteristics for ideal tracing as it does not metabolically affect infected neurons within the time span of the experiment, it is transferred transneuronally in one direction only and to all types of neurons pr ... | 2016 | 27462206 |
| a systematic review of human bat rabies virus variant cases: evaluating unprotected physical contact with claws and teeth in support of accurate risk assessments. | in the united states and canada, the most recent documented cases of rabies have been attributed to bat rabies viruses (rabv). we undertook this systematic review in an effort to summarize and enhance understanding of the risk of infection for individuals who have been potentially exposed to a suspect or confirmed rabid bat. united states rabies surveillance summaries documented a total of 41 human bat-rabies virus variant verified non-transplant cases between 1990 and 2015. all cases were fatal ... | 2016 | 27459720 |
| viperin inhibits rabies virus replication via reduced cholesterol and sphingomyelin and is regulated upstream by tlr4. | viperin (virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, ifn-inducible) is an interferon-inducible protein that mediates antiviral activity. generally, rabies virus (rabv) multiplies extremely well in susceptible cells, leading to high virus titres. in this study, we found that viperin was significantly up-regulated in macrophage raw264.7 cells but not in na, bhk-21 or bsr cells. transient viperin overexpression in bsr cells and stable expression in bhk-21 cells could inhibit rabv re ... | 2016 | 27456665 |
| rabies virus lipopeptide conjugated to a tlr7 agonist improves the magnitude and quality of the th1-biased humoral immune response in mice. | in this study, we conjugated the rabies-derived lipopeptide ce536 to a tlr7 agonist, imiquimod, and evaluated its adjuvanticity. the synthetic construct (lipo-i) targeted to tlr7, induced dendritic cell phenotypic maturation and production of both type i interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines more efficiently than unconjugated tlr7 ligands or lipopeptide alone. the immunostimulatory effects of the conjugate were apparently the result of iκbα degradation and sustained p38 and jnk phosphorylati ... | 2016 | 27449478 |
| comparison of the immunogenicity of two inactivated recombinant rabies viruses overexpressing the glycoprotein. | two recombinant rabies viruses overexpressing their glycoprotein (g) were compared in this study, with the overexpressed g inserted between p and m genes (named lbnse-pm-g), and between the g and l genes (named lbnse-gl-g), respectively. lbnse-pm-g produced more g protein and induced stronger apoptosis than lbnse-gl-g in infected cells, while the amount of virion-incorporated g in lbnse-pm-g was less than in lbnse-gl-g. mice immunized with inactivated lbnse-pm-g produced lower titers of virus-ne ... | 2016 | 27438075 |
| efficient in vitro and in vivo activity of glyco-engineered plant-produced rabies monoclonal antibodies e559 and 62-71-3. | rabies is a neglected zoonotic disease that has no effective treatment after onset of illness. however the disease can be prevented effectively by prompt administration of post exposure prophylaxis which includes administration of passive immunizing antibodies (rabies immune globulin, rig). currently, human rig suffers from many restrictions including limited availability, batch-to batch inconsistencies and potential for contamination with blood-borne pathogens. anti-rabies monoclonal antibodies ... | 2016 | 27427976 |
| rabies virus matrix protein induces apoptosis by targeting mitochondria. | apoptosis, as an innate antiviral defense, not only functions to limit viral replication by eliminating infected cells, but also contribute to viral dissemination, particularly at the late stages of infection. a highly neurotropic cvs strain of rabies virus induces apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. however, the detailed mechanism of cvs-mediated neuronal apoptosis is not entirely clear. here, we show that cvs induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway by dissipating mitochondrial membran ... | 2016 | 27426727 |
| livestock rabies outbreaks in shanxi province, china. | dogs play an important role in rabies transmission throughout the world. in addition to the severe human rabies situation in china, spillover of rabies virus from dogs in recent years has caused rabies outbreaks in sheep, cattle and pigs, showing that there is an increasing threat to other domestic animals. two livestock rabies outbreaks were caused by dogs in shanxi province, china from april to october in 2015, resulting in the deaths of 60 sheep, 10 cattle and one donkey. brain samples from o ... | 2016 | 27422397 |
| rabies virus inactivates cofilin to facilitate viral budding and release. | cytoplasmic actin and actin-associated proteins have been identified in rabv particles. although actin is involved in rabv entry into cells, the specific role of actin in rabv budding and release remains unknown. our study found that rabv m protein-mediated virion budding depends on intact actin filaments. confocal microscopy demonstrated a block to virions budding, with a number of m protein-mediated budding vesicles detained in the cell cytoplasm. furthermore, rabv infection resulted in inacti ... | 2016 | 27396619 |
| complete genome sequence of a rabies virus strain isolated from a brown bear (ursus arctos) in primorsky krai, russia (november 2014). | we report here the complete genome sequence (genbank kp997032) of rabies virus strain rabv/ursus arctos/russia/primorye/po-01/2014, isolated in november 2014 from a brown bear (ursus arctos) that attacked a person in primorsky krai (russian federation). this strain was clustered into the eurasian genetic subgroup of genotype 1 (street rage). | 2016 | 27389270 |
| geographical analysis for detecting high-risk areas for bovine/human rabies transmitted by the common hematophagous bat in the amazon region, brazil. | the common hematophagous bat, desmodus rotundus, is one of the main wild reservoirs of rabies virus in several regions in latin america. new production practices and changed land use have provided environmental features that have been very favorable for d. rotundus bat populations, making this species the main transmitter of rabies in the cycle that involves humans and herbivores. in the amazon region, these features include a mosaic of environmental, social, and economic components, which toget ... | 2016 | 27388498 |
| roles of the rabies virus phosphoprotein isoforms in pathogenesis. | rabies virus (rabv) p gene mrna encodes five in-frame start codons, resulting in expression of full-length p protein (p1) and n-terminally truncated p proteins (tps), designated p2, p3, p4, and p5. despite the fact that some tps are known as interferon (ifn) antagonists, the importance of tps in the pathogenesis of rabv is still unclear. in this study, to examine whether tps contribute to pathogenesis, we exploited a reverse genetics approach to generate ce(nip)δp2-5, a mutant of pathogenic ce(n ... | 2016 | 27384657 |
| self-sealing porous silicon-calcium silicate core-shell nanoparticles for targeted sirna delivery to the injured brain. | calcium ions react with silicic acid released from dissolving porous silicon nanoparticles to create an insoluble calcium silicate shell. the calcium silicate shell traps and protects an sirna payload, which can be delivered to neuronal tissues in vitro or in vivo. gene delivery is enhanced by the action of targeting and cell-penetrating peptides attached to the calcium silicate shell. | 2016 | 27383373 |
| whole genome sequencing and comparisons of different chinese rabies virus lineages including the first complete genome of an arctic-like strain in china. | to learn the rabies genome molecular characteristics and compare the difference of china rabies lineages. | 2016 | 27353708 |
| validation of a rapid rabies diagnostic tool for field surveillance in developing countries. | one root cause of the neglect of rabies is the lack of adequate diagnostic tests in the context of low income countries. a rapid, performance friendly and low cost method to detect rabies virus (rabv) in brain samples will contribute positively to surveillance and consequently to accurate data reporting, which is presently missing in the majority of rabies endemic countries. | 2016 | 27706156 |
| combining optogenetics and electrophysiology to analyze projection neuron circuits. | a set of methods is described for channelrhodopsin-2 (chr2)-based synaptic circuit analysis that combines photostimulation of virally transfected presynaptic neurons' axons with whole-cell electrophysiological recordings from retrogradely labeled postsynaptic neurons. the approach exploits the preserved photoexcitability of chr2-expressing axons in brain slices and can be used to assess either local or long-range functional connections. stereotaxic injections are used both to express chr2 select ... | 2016 | 27698240 |
| whole-brain monosynaptic afferent inputs to basal forebrain cholinergic system. | the basal forebrain cholinergic system (bfcs) robustly modulates many important behaviors, such as arousal, attention, learning and memory, through heavy projections to cortex and hippocampus. however, the presynaptic partners governing bfcs activity still remain poorly understood. here, we utilized a recently developed rabies virus-based cell-type-specific retrograde tracing system to map the whole-brain afferent inputs of the bfcs. we found that the bfcs receives inputs from multiple cortical ... | 2016 | 27777554 |
| visuomotor signals for reaching movements in the rostro-dorsal sector of the monkey thalamic reticular nucleus. | the thalamic reticular nucleus (trn) collects inputs from the cerebral cortex and thalamus and, in turn, sends inhibitory outputs to the thalamic relay nuclei. this unique connectivity suggests that the trn plays a pivotal role in regulating information flow through the thalamus. here, we analyzed the roles of trn neurons in visually guided reaching movements. we first used retrograde transneuronal labeling with rabies virus, and showed that the rostro-dorsal sector of the trn (trnrd) projected ... | 2016 | 27706860 |
| rabies virus infection induces the formation of stress granules closely connected to the viral factories. | stress granules (sgs) are membrane-less dynamic structures consisting of mrna and protein aggregates that form rapidly in response to a wide range of environmental cellular stresses and viral infections. they act as storage sites for translationally silenced mrnas under stress conditions. during viral infection, sg formation results in the modulation of innate antiviral immune responses, and several viruses have the ability to either promote or prevent sg assembly. here, we show that rabies viru ... | 2016 | 27749929 |
| human rabies: a 2016 update. | rabies is a zoonotic disease that is usually transmitted to humans by animal bites. dogs are the most important vector worldwide. there are encephalitic and paralytic forms of the disease. there are differences in the clinical features of the disease acquired from dogs and bats. neuroimaging is non-specific. confirmatory diagnostic laboratory tests for rabies include detection of neutralizing anti-rabies virus antibodies in serum or cerebrospinal fluid and rabies virus antigen or rna in tissues ... | 2016 | 27730539 |
| rabies vaccine response measurement is assay dependent. | vaccine equivalency, booster administration, and animal import decisions are based in part on the level of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (rvna) in serum. serum neutralization (sn) is commonly used but other methods are employed. studies have shown that although enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and sn results are correlated, exact comparison cannot be ensured. this study investigated the applicability of the recognized 0.5 iu/ml cut-off value between methods. serum from rabies vacci ... | 2016 | 27726931 |
| a basal ganglia circuit for evaluating action outcomes. | the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei, play a crucial role in decision-making by selecting actions and evaluating their outcomes. while much is known about the function of the basal ganglia circuitry in selection, how these nuclei contribute to outcome evaluation is less clear. here we show that neurons in the habenula-projecting globus pallidus (gph) in mice are essential for evaluating action outcomes and are regulated by a specific set of inputs from the basal ganglia. we find in a ... | 2016 | 27652894 |
| ineffectiveness of rabies vaccination alone for post-exposure protection against rabies infection in animal models. | most reported vaccination failures among rabies-exposed patients were due to fail to timely co-administer rabies immunoglobulin (rig). considering that such protection failure might be caused by low antigen titers in the vaccine, scientists improved antigen titers to 4.0 iu or even higher, yet the failure remained. therefore, it becomes vital to develop more efficacious vaccine against rabies. in our evaluation of a novel pika rabies vaccine, we used multiple animal models (beagles, golden hamst ... | 2016 | 27737787 |
| viral infection: rabies virus causes stress. | 2016 | 27818500 | |
| optimal frequency of rabies vaccination campaigns in sub-saharan africa. | rabies causes more than 24 000 human deaths annually in sub-saharan africa. the world health organization recommends annual canine vaccination campaigns with at least 70% coverage to control the disease. while previous studies have considered optimal coverage of animal rabies vaccination, variation in the frequency of vaccination campaigns has not been explored. to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rabies canine vaccination campaigns at varying coverage and frequency, we parametrized a rabies v ... | 2016 | 27852799 |
| the epidemiological importance of bats in the transmission of rabies to dogs and cats in the state of são paulo, brazil, between 2005 and 2014. | in brazil, rabies control in dogs and cats was pioneered by the state of são paulo with the adoption of the pan american health organization recommendations for prophylaxis and control, which led to a reduction in rabies cases from 1994 onwards. as a result of these measures, the rabies virus (rabv) genetic lineage associated with dogs has not been found in the state since 1998, and all the cases in domestic animals reported since then have been caused by bat-associated lineages of rabv. in the ... | 2016 | 27863049 |
| a comparative study of the rapina and the virus-neutralizing test (rffit) for the estimation of antirabies-neutralizing antibody levels in dog samples. | the mass vaccination of dogs against rabies is a highly rational strategy for interrupting the natural transmission of urban rabies. according to the world organization for animal health (oie) and the world health organization (who), the immunization of at least 70% of the total dog population minimizes the risk of endemic rabies. knowledge of the virus-neutralizing antibody (vna) level against the rabies virus (rabv) is required to evaluate protective immunity and vaccine coverage of dogs in th ... | 2016 | 27863040 |
| impact of rabies vaccination history on attainment of an adequate antibody titre among dogs tested for international travel certification, israel - 2010-2014. | rabies is endemic in wildlife or domestic carnivore populations globally. infection of domestic dogs is of particular concern in many areas. in regions where domestic animals are at risk of exposure to rabies virus, dogs should be routinely vaccinated against rabies to protect both pet and human populations. many countries require demonstration of an adequate level of serum rabies neutralizing antibodies to permit entry of dogs during international travel. we analysed rabies titres of dogs seeki ... | 2016 | 27911041 |
| recombinant rabies virus expressing il-21 enhances immunogenicity through activation of t follicular helper cells and germinal centre b cells. | previous studies have demonstrated that the lack of interleukin-21 (il-21) signalling could affect specific antibody induction after rabies vaccination. here, to further investigate the over-expression of il-21 on the immunogenicity of rabies virus (rabv), a recombinant rabv expressing murine il-21, designated lbnse-il21, was constructed and evaluated in a mouse model. it was found that in mice immunized with lbnse-il21, there was a substantial increase in the number of t follicular helper cells ... | 2016 | 27902338 |
| a presumptive case of human rabies: a rare survived case in rural ghana. | rabies remains endemic in ghana and continues to pose a major public health threat to humans and animals with a nearly 100% case fatality rate in humans. we report of a presumptive case of human rabies whose survival represents a rare occurrence in rural ghana and worldwide. lessons from this case study provide a critically needed focus in helping improve rabies surveillance and case management in ghana. we report of the survival of a 36-year-old man who developed clinical rabies after he was bi ... | 2016 | 27891499 |
| systems biomedicine of rabies delineates the affected signaling pathways. | the prototypical neurotropic virus, rabies, is a member of the rhabdoviridae family that causes lethal encephalomyelitis. although there have been a plethora of studies investigating the etiological mechanism of the rabies virus and many precautionary methods have been implemented to avert the disease outbreak over the last century, the disease has surprisingly no definite remedy at its late stages. the psychological symptoms and the underlying etiology, as well as the rare survival rate from ra ... | 2016 | 27872612 |
| role of nitric oxide in the regulation of immune responses during rabies virus infection in mice. | rabies virus (rabv) stimulates nitric oxide (no) production, which either triggers t cell differentiation or suppresses t cell function depending on its concentration. herein, we assessed the potential role of no in regulation of immune responses during rabv infection in mice model. the experimental animals were divided into four groups and 100ld50 of challenge virus standard (cvs) strain of rabv was inoculated intracerebrally on day 0 and subsequently aminoguanidine (ag; inducible nitric oxide ... | 2016 | 28004019 |
| the matrix protein of rabies virus binds to relap43 to modulate nf-κb-dependent gene expression related to innate immunity. | the matrix (m) protein of wild isolates of rabies virus such as tha (m-tha) was previously shown to be able to interact with relap43, a protein of the nf-κb family, and to efficiently suppress nf-κb-dependent reporter gene expression, in contrast with the vaccine strain sad. here, we analyze the mechanisms involved in relap43-m protein interaction. we demonstrate that the central part of m-tha, and the specific c-terminal region of relap43 are required for this interaction. four differences in t ... | 2016 | 28000711 |
| serine residues at positions 162 and 166 of the rabies virus phosphoprotein are critical for the induction of oxidative stress in rabies virus infection. | our previous work in a mouse model of experimental rabies showed neuronal process (dendrites and axons) degeneration in association with severe clinical disease. cultured adult rodent dorsal root ganglion (drg) neurons infected with the challenge virus standard-11 (cvs) strain of rabies virus (rabv) showed axonal swellings and reduced axonal growth with evidence of oxidative stress. we have shown that cvs infection alters a variety of mitochondrial parameters and increases mitochondrial complex ... | 2016 | 27995576 |
| cre fused with rvg peptide mediates targeted genome editing in mouse brain cells in vivo. | cell penetrating peptides (cpps) are short peptides that can pass through cell membranes. cpps can facilitate the cellular entry of proteins, macromolecules, nanoparticles and drugs. rvg peptide (rvg hereinafter) is a 29-amino-acid cpp derived from a rabies virus glycoprotein that can cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb) and enter brain cells. however, whether rvg can be used for genome editing in the brain has not been reported. in this work, we combined rvg with cre recombinase for bacterial ex ... | 2016 | 27983648 |