Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| coinfection with ebv/cmv and other respiratory agents in children with suspected infectious mononucleosis. | numerous studies have shown that epstein-barr virus (ebv) and cytomegalovirus (cmv) can infect immunocompetent patients simultaneously with other agents. nonetheless, multiple infections with other agents in ebv/cmv-infected children have received little attention. we conducted a retrospective study of children with suspected infectious mononucleosis. peripheral blood samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence to detect ebv, cmv and other respiratory agents including respiratory syncyt ... | 2010 | 20858235 |
| single and multiple viral infections in lower respiratory tract infection. | lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) often leads to hospitalization, and it was indicated that causative viral infections are underestimated. | 2010 | 20861611 |
| molecular detection of respiratory viruses in clinical specimens from children with acute respiratory disease in iran. | viruses are the most common causes of respiratory tract infections in children. the implementation of rapid virology assays can identify the most common pathogens involved. this study was undertaken on iranian children less than 6 years old with respiratory infection. | 2010 | 20879092 |
| identification of simian agent 10 as human parainfluenza virus type 3 suggests transmission of a human virus to an african monkey. | 2010 | 20881043 | |
| influenza and parainfluenza associated pediatric icu morbidity. | to investigate if morbidity in young children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu with a laboratory proven diagnosis of influenza and parainfluenza infection) had increased. | 2010 | 20882437 |
| human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3) community-acquired pneumonia (cap) mimicking pertussis in an adult: the diagnostic importance of hoarseness and monocytosis. | background: there are relatively few causes of acute community-acquired pneumonias (caps) in adults associated with prolonged cough. in adults the most common acute caps with a prominent and persistent nonproductive cough are due to mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophilia (chlamydia) pneumoniae, or bordetella pertussis (pertussis). pertussis is an underrecognized and underappreciated cause of cap in adults. different from classic pertussis in children, pertussis in adults presents with prolonged d ... | 2010 | 20888644 |
| n-terminally truncated c protein, cndelta25, of human parainfluenza virus type 3 is a potent inhibitor of viral replication. | the c protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a multifunctional accessory protein that inhibits viral transcription and interferon (ifn) signaling. in the present study, we found that removal of n-terminal 25 or 50 amino acid residues from the c protein (cndelta25 or cndelta50) totally abolished viral rna synthesis in the hpiv3 minigenome system. further n-terminal or c-terminal deletion impaired the inhibitory ability of cndelta25 and cndelta50. subsequent mutagenesis analysis su ... | 2009 | 19747707 |
| respiratory infections in norwegian dairy calves. | the aims of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of respiratory agents in norwegian dairy calves and to identify risk factors for respiratory disease. the participating 135 herds were randomly selected from those in the norwegian dairy herd recording system with at least 15 cow years. each herd was followed for 1 yr. blood samples from calves of >150 d of age (n = 1,348) were analyzed for antibodies against parainfluenza virus 3, bovine coronavirus (bcov), bovine respiratory syncytial ... | 2009 | 19762832 |
| association of respiratory virus activity and environmental factors with the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease. | to correlate the incidence rate of invasive pneumococcal disease (ipd) with fluctuations in respiratory virus activity and environmental factors in christchurch, new zealand. | 2009 | 19042025 |
| a histidine switch in hemagglutinin-neuraminidase triggers paramyxovirus-cell membrane fusion. | most paramyxovirus fusion proteins require coexpression of and activation by a homotypic attachment protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn), to promote membrane fusion. however, the molecular mechanism of the activation remains unknown. we previously showed that the incorporation of a monohistidylated lipid into f-virosome (sendai viral envelope containing only fusion protein) enhanced its fusion to hepatocytes, suggesting that the histidine residue in the lipid accelerated membrane fusion. th ... | 2009 | 19052089 |
| differential sensitivity of differentiated epithelial cells to respiratory viruses reveals different viral strategies of host infection. | to address the initiation of virus infection in the respiratory tract, we established two culture systems for differentiated bovine airway epithelial cells (baec). filter-grown baec differentiated under air-liquid interface (ali) conditions to generate a pseudo-stratified mucociliary epithelium. alternatively, precision-cut lung slices (pcls) from the bovine airways were generated that retained the original composition and distribution of differentiated epithelial cells. with both systems, epith ... | 2009 | 19052091 |
| simultaneous detection of parainfluenza viruses 1 and 3 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) types 1 and 3 are major viral pathogens responsible for upper and lower respiratory tract infections. the diagnosis of these two species is achieved generally by specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain (rt-pcr) reaction methods. in this study, a real-time rt-pcr was developed using a common pair of primers-probe (hpiv-1+3) for the simultaneous detection of both hpiv-1 and hpiv-3 genomes. results obtained in a 10-fold dilution series assay demonstrate a hi ... | 2009 | 19063922 |
| outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 in a neonatal intensive care unit. | parainfluenza virus (piv) causes > 30% of all acute respiratory infections in infants and children and is second only to respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection. however in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), piv outbreaks are highly uncommon. this case report describes an outbreak of 3 cases of piv type 3 in a regional nicu. | 2009 | 19085679 |
| infection and maturation of monocyte-derived human dendritic cells by human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are common, important respiratory pathogens, but hrsv has a substantially greater impact with regard to acute disease, long-term effects on airway function, and frequency of re-infection. it has been reported to strongly interfere with the functioning of dendritic cells (dc). we compared hrsv to hmpv and hpiv3 with regard to their effects on human monocyte-derived immature dc (idc ... | 2009 | 19128816 |
| chimeric human parainfluenza virus bearing the ebola virus glycoprotein as the sole surface protein is immunogenic and highly protective against ebola virus challenge. | we generated a new live-attenuated vaccine against ebola virus (ebov) based on a chimeric virus hpiv3/deltaf-hn/ebogp that contains the ebov glycoprotein (gp) as the sole transmembrane envelope protein combined with the internal proteins of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3). electron microscopy analysis of the virus particles showed that they have an envelope and surface spikes resembling those of ebov and a particle size and shape resembling those of hpiv3. when hpiv3/deltaf-hn/ebogp was ... | 2009 | 19010509 |
| phosphoprotein, p of human parainfluenza virus type 3 prevents self-association of rna-dependent rna polymerase, l. | the rna-dependent rna-polymerase (rdrp) of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a large protein (l, 2233 amino acids), and along with the phosphoprotein (p, 603 amino acids) forms a heterocomplex that transcribes the genome rna into mrnas in vitro and in vivo that are 5'-capped and methylated and 3'-polyadenylated. the interaction of the p protein, an obligatory cofactor, imparts the rdrp activity of the l protein, which is otherwise inactive. the precise mechanism underlying this activat ... | 2009 | 19012944 |
| a recombinant, infectious human parainfluenza virus type 3 expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein for use in high-throughput antiviral assays. | the ability to rescue an infectious, recombinant, negative-stranded, rna virus from a complementary dna (cdna) clone, has led to new opportunities for measuring viral replication from a viral expressed reporter gene. in this study, the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene was inserted into the human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) antigenome and a recombinant, infectious virus was rescued. maximum egfp expression levels, measured by fluorescence, were seen at day 3. comparison of a ... | 2009 | 19189850 |
| human piv-2 recombinant sendai virus (rsev) elicits durable immunity and combines with two additional rsevs to protect against hpiv-1, hpiv-2, hpiv-3, and rsv. | the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) are the leading causes of hospitalizations due to respiratory viral disease in infants and young children, but no vaccines are yet available. here we describe the use of recombinant sendai viruses (rsevs) as candidate vaccine vectors for these respiratory viruses in a cotton rat model. two new sendai virus (sev)-based hpiv-2 vaccine constructs were generated by inserting the fusion (f) gene or the hemagglutinin-neur ... | 2009 | 19200447 |
| parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia in bone marrow transplant recipients: multiple small nodules in high-resolution lung computed tomography scans provide a radiological clue to diagnosis. | we report the findings of high-resolution chest computed tomography of 6 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with parainfluenza virus type 3 pneumonia who were not infected with any other pathogens. all patients had multiple small nodules (diameter, <5 mm) without cavitation in a peribronchial distribution. changes preceded microbiological diagnosis in 4 of 6 cases. | 2009 | 19222373 |
| antiviral constituents against respiratory viruses from mikania micrantha. | phytochemical investigation of the dried aerial parts of mikania micrantha led to the isolation of a new sesquiterpene, 3beta-acetoxy-1,10-epoxy-4-germacrene-12,8;15,6-diolide (1), along with six known constituents: 1,10-epoxy-4-germacrene-12,8;15,6-diolide (2), dihydromikanolide (3), potassium mikanin 3-sulfate (4), mikanin (5), alpinetin (6), and ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol (7). their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the molecular structures and stereochemistry of sesqui ... | 2009 | 19267453 |
| parainfluenza virus 3 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient. | we report the first case of parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient. a 39-year-old man developed pneumonia during hospitalization 6 years after kidney transplantation. he became hypoxic and underwent noninvasive ventilation. piv3 was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. he was treated successfully with aerosolized ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin. although he recovered from pneumonia, his graft function deteriorated and he had to restart peri ... | 2009 | 19356218 |
| multicluster nosocomial outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 infection in a pediatric oncohematology unit: a phylogenetic study. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) has been reported to cause nosocomial outbreaks of respiratory infection, in particular among hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. | 2009 | 19377073 |
| seasonality of respiratory viral identification varies with age and aboriginality in metropolitan western australia. | viral respiratory infections are a major cause of pediatric illness. it is not known whether seasonality of viruses differs between aboriginal and non-aboriginal children of varying ages. | 2009 | 19384260 |
| in vitro biological activity screening of lycopodium complanatum l. ssp. chamaecyparissus (a. br.) doll. | this article reports the results of selected biological activities, including anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties, of the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts as well as the alkaloid fraction of lycopodium complanatum l. ssp. chamaecyparissus (a. br.) doll (lcc, lycopodiaceae) growing in turkey. anticholinesterase effect of the extracts was tested against both acetylcholinesterase (ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche) at concentratio ... | 2009 | 19384728 |
| human parainfluenza virus infection of the airway epithelium: viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase regulates fusion protein activation and modulates infectivity. | three discrete activities of the paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein, receptor binding, receptor cleaving (neuraminidase), and triggering of the fusion protein, each affect the promotion of viral fusion and entry. for human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), the effects of specific mutations that alter these functions of the receptor-binding protein have been well characterized using cultured monolayer cells, which have identified steps that are potentially relevant to pathog ... | 2009 | 19386708 |
| cold oxygen plasma technology efficiency against different airborne respiratory viruses. | respiratory infections caused by viruses are major causes of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. they account for an important mortality and morbidity worldwide. amongst these viruses, influenza viruses and paramyxoviruses are major pathogens. their transmission is mainly airborne, by direct transmission through droplets from infected cases. | 2009 | 19406687 |
| evidence for phosphorylation of human parainfluenza virus type 3 c protein: mutant c proteins exhibit variable inhibitory activities in vitro. | the p mrna of human parainfluenza virus type 3, like other members of the subfamily paramyxovirinae, gives rise to several polypeptides, one amongst them, the c protein, which is involved in inhibition of viral rna synthesis as well as counteracting the host interferon signaling pathway. as a further step towards characterizing the function of c protein we present evidence to demonstrate the phosphorylation of c protein. evidence for this observation emerged from deletion mapping studies coupled ... | 2009 | 19410612 |
| mapping of an antigenic site on the nucleocapsid protein of human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a respiratory tract pathogen. the current study aimed to investigate immunodominant regions of hpiv3 nucleocapsid (n) protein by using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against recombinant n protein and human serum specimens from hpiv3-infected individuals. a panel of murine mabs was generated following immunization with yeast-expressed hpiv3 n protein self-assembled to nucleocapsid-like particles. all mabs recognized native viral nucleocapsids in hp ... | 2009 | 19435414 |
| quantitative rt real time pcr and indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of human parainfluenza virus 1, 2, 3. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) are distributed worldwide and are involved mainly in the pathogenesis of respiratory tract infections. the development and optimization of three quantitative reverse transcription real time polymerase chain reactions (rt real time qt-pcrs) and an indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for the detection and quantitation of hpiv-1, -2 and -3 in clinical samples are described. efficiency, sensitivity, specificity, inter- and intra-assay variability and turnaround time ... | 2009 | 19445964 |
| phase-i study medi-534, of a live, attenuated intranasal vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza-3 virus in seropositive children. | a live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine was evaluated in healthy respiratory syncytial virus/parainfluenza virus type 3 seropositive children aged 1 to 9 years. three cohorts of 40 children were randomized 1:1 to receive 10, 10, or 10 median tissue culture infectious dose50 medi-534 vaccine or placebo. the vaccine's safety profile was similar to placebo, no viral shedding was detected, and the vaccine was minimally immunogenic. | 2009 | 19483659 |
| effect of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitors bcx 2798 and bcx 2855 on growth and pathogenicity of sendai/human parainfluenza type 3 chimera virus in mice. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv-3) is a major respiratory tract pathogen that affects young children, but no vaccines or antiviral drugs against it have yet been developed. we developed a mouse model to evaluate the efficacies of the novel parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) inhibitors bcx 2798 and bcx 2855 against a recombinant sendai virus (rsev) in which the fusion (f) and hn surface glycoproteins (fhn) were replaced by those of hpiv-3 [rsev(hpiv-3fhn)]. in the prophyl ... | 2009 | 19564364 |
| the role of toll pathways in viral respiratory disease during early childhood. | virus-induced respiratory disease accounts for the majority of hospitalizations of young children during the winter months. the major viral causes of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children are respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rhinovirus, metapneumovirus (hmpv), parainfluenza virus 3 (piv-3), and influenza. the primary antiviral mechanism involves the activation of cytotoxic t cells and the clearance of virus-infected epithelial cells, and toll-like receptors that recognize mic ... | 2009 | 19601804 |
| differential regulation of type i interferon and epidermal growth factor pathways by a human respirovirus virulence factor. | a number of paramyxoviruses are responsible for acute respiratory infections in children, elderly and immuno-compromised individuals, resulting in airway inflammation and exacerbation of chronic diseases like asthma. to understand the molecular pathogenesis of these infections, we searched for cellular targets of the virulence protein c of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3-c). we found that hpiv3-c interacts directly through its c-terminal domain with stat1 and grb2, whereas c proteins fro ... | 2009 | 19806178 |
| antiviral activity of gliotoxin, gentian violet and brilliant green against nipah and hendra virus in vitro. | using a recently described monolayer assay amenable to high throughput screening format for the identification of potential nipah virus and hendra virus antivirals, we have partially screened a low molecular weight compound library (>8,000 compounds) directly against live virus infection and identified twenty eight promising lead molecules. initial single blind screens were conducted with 10 microm compound in triplicate with a minimum efficacy of 90% required for lead selection. lead compounds ... | 2009 | 19889218 |
| retinoic acid inducible gene i activates innate antiviral response against human parainfluenza virus type 3. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a respiratory paramyxovirus that infects lung epithelial cells to cause high morbidity among infants and children. to date, no effective vaccine or antiviral therapy exists for hpiv3 and therefore, it is important to study innate immune antiviral response induced by this virus in infected cells. type-i interferons (ifn, interferon-alpha/beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnfalpha activated by nfkappab) are potent antiviral cytokines that play an im ... | 2009 | 19922606 |
| nanoparticle vaccines against respiratory viruses. | influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi-3v) are the major viral agents which are consistently involved in causing lower respiratory tract disease in humans and animals. the virus infection begins in the upper respiratory tract, where immune responses are initiated, and then progresses to the lower respiratory tract where destruction of cells and tissues leads to bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, which is occasionally fatal. nanoparticle vacc ... | 2009 | 20049806 |
| amino acid substitutions in leucine zipper motif in the f-specific domain of human parainfluenza virus 3 hn protein play important roles in the protein function. | to explore the effects of leucine zipper motif in f-specificity domain of human parainfluenza virus 3 (hpiv3) hn protein on the membrane fusion promotion activity. | 2008 | 19018146 |
| air leaks in children with acute bronchiolitis. | 2008 | 19012637 | |
| characterization of a parainfluenza virus isolated from a bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus). | a novel member of the parainfluenza virus family was identified in a bottlenose dolphin with respiratory disease. the case animal was a 19-year old male atlantic bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) that presented with signs of respiratory illness, including raspy, foul-odored breaths and cream-colored exudate from the blowhole. focally extensive pyogranulomatous bronchointerstitial pneumonia with moderate numbers of intralesional yeast organisms was identified on histopathological examinatio ... | 2008 | 18031960 |
| significant rising antibody titres to influenza a are associated with an acute reduction in milk yield in cattle. | sporadic cases of an acute fall in milk production, "milk drop", were investigated in a holstein friesian dairy herd in devon. the investigation was a case control study with two controls per case. paired blood samples demonstrated that rising antibody titres to human influenza a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and human influenza a/eng/427/88 (h3n2) were associated with an acute fall in milk production. rising titres to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvd), infect ... | 2008 | 17851097 |
| lentiviruses inefficiently incorporate human parainfluenza type 3 envelope proteins. | we have previously shown that the envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza type 3 (hpiv3), f and hn, are able to pseudotype lentiviruses, but the titers of these viruses are too low for use in clinical gene transfer. in this study we investigated the cause of these low titers. we compared the mrna and protein expression levels of hn and f in transfected cells and in cells infected with wild-type hpiv3. transfected cells contained similar levels of hn and f cytosolic mrna, but fewer cell-sur ... | 2008 | 17705232 |
| inhibition of human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection by novel small molecules. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is an important respiratory tract pathogen of infants and children. there are no vaccines or antivirals currently approved for prevention or treatment of hpiv3 infection. towards developing an antiviral therapy to combat hpiv3 infection, we have established a green fluorescent protein (gfp)-tagged hpiv3 infected-cell assay and used it for screening of a small molecule library obtained from chembridge diver. two novel small molecules (c5 and c7) which shar ... | 2008 | 17964670 |
| identification and evaluation of a highly effective fusion inhibitor for human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) can cause acute upper and lower respiratory tract infections that are particularly severe in young children, elderly subjects, and immunocompromised patients. to date, no treatments or vaccines are available for hmpv infections. our objective was to assess the inhibitory potential of several peptides derived from the heptad repeat a and b (hra and hrb) domains of the hmpv fusion protein. nine candidate peptides were expressed in escherichia coli or obtained synthetic ... | 2008 | 17967906 |
| viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in china. | to document the viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alris) in chinese children. | 2008 | 19129564 |
| human metapneumovirus infection in febrile children with lower respiratory diseases in primary care settings in hiroshima, japan. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been shown to be a leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. nevertheless, few reports regarding hmpv infections over consecutive years in children in primary care settings are available. we carried out virologic and clinical studies to determine the role of hmpv in febrile lower respiratory infections in children at a primary care clinic over 3 years and 5 months. nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained from children with acute respiratory ... | 2008 | 19050367 |
| irf-3 activation by sendai virus infection is required for cellular apoptosis and avoidance of persistence. | here, we report that specific manipulations of the cellular response to virus infection can cause prevention of apoptosis and consequent establishment of persistent infection. infection of several human cell lines with sendai virus (sev) or human parainfluenza virus 3, two prototypic paramyxoviruses, caused slow apoptosis, which was markedly accelerated upon blocking the action of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (pi3 kinases) in the infected cells. the observed apoptosis required viral gene expre ... | 2008 | 18216110 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal flocked swabs and aspirates for rapid diagnosis of respiratory viruses in children. | the quality of clinical specimens is a crucial determinant for virological diagnosis. | 2008 | 18242124 |
| synthesis of recombinant human parainfluenza virus 1 and 3 nucleocapsid proteins in yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hpiv1 and hpiv3, respectively), members of the virus family paramyxoviridae, are common causes of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. in order to synthesize recombinant hpiv1 and hpiv3 nucleocapsid proteins, the coding sequences were cloned into the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pfgg3 under control of gal7 promoter. a high level of recombinant virus ... | 2008 | 18249456 |
| exposure to novel parainfluenza virus and clinical relevance in 2 bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) populations. | parainfluenza virus (piv) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in humans. a novel virus closely related to human and bovine parainfluenza viruses types 3 (hpiv-3 and bpiv-3), named tursiops truncatus parainfluenza virus type 1 (ttpiv-1), was isolated from a dolphin with respiratory disease. we developed a dolphin-specific elisa to measure acute- and convalescent-phase piv antibodies in dolphins during 1999-2006 with hemograms similar to that of the positive control. piv seroconversion oc ... | 2008 | 18325253 |
| specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and avian metapneumovirus (ampv) have a similar genome organization and protein composition, but a different host range. ampv subgroup c (ampv-c) is more closely related to hmpv than other ampvs. to investigate the specificity and functional interaction of the polymerase complex proteins of human and avian metapneumoviruses, a minireplicon system was generated for ampv-c and used in combination with minireplicon systems for hmpv lineages a1 and b1. viral rna-like mol ... | 2008 | 18343839 |
| simultaneous toxicities in a child on multiple anticonvulsants. | it is rare to develop simultaneous toxicities while on anticonvulsants. this article presents a 3(1/2)-year-old child on valproic acid, lamotrigine, and phenytoin who developed simultaneous hepatotoxicity and bone marrow toxicity during a parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. these toxicities resolved after the cessation of anticonvulsants, and her seizures were managed acutely with scheduled lorazepam. this article discusses the possibility that simultaneous use of valproic acid, lamotrigine, a ... | 2008 | 18344455 |
| respiratory viruses in hiv-infected patients with suspected respiratory opportunistic infection. | to assess the incidence and epidemiological pattern of respiratory viruses in hiv-infected patients and to evaluate their potential clinical impact. | 2008 | 18356599 |
| the c, v and w proteins of nipah virus inhibit minigenome replication. | nipah virus (niv) is a recently emergent, highly pathogenic, zoonotic paramyxovirus of the genus henipavirus. like the phosphoprotein (p) gene of other paramyxoviruses, the p gene of niv is predicted to encode three additional proteins, c, v and w. when the c, v and w proteins of niv were tested for their ability to inhibit expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene in plasmid-based, minigenome replication assays, each protein inhibited cat expression in a dose-depen ... | 2008 | 18420809 |
| etiologic agents and outcome determinants of community-acquired pneumonia in urban children: a hospital-based study. | etiologic clues and prognostic indicators of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were sought in a 30-month study of under-5 admissions for acute lower respiratory infections (alris). investigative tools included blood culture, hemogram, immunofluorescence and serology. associations of variables were tested using standard statistical tools. of 419 alri, 323 (77%) had pneumonia, 234 (72.4%) bronchopneumonia, 66 (20.4%) lobar pneumonia and 23 (7.1%) both. more than 70% had poor parental socioeconomi ... | 2008 | 18481475 |
| sendai virus recombinant vaccine expressing hpiv-3 hn or f elicits protective immunity and combines with a second recombinant to prevent hpiv-1, hpiv-3 and rsv infections. | the human parainfluenza viruses (hpivs) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are the leading causes of serious respiratory illness in the human pediatric population. despite decades of research, there are currently no licensed vaccines for either the hpiv or rsv pathogens. here we describe the testing of hpiv-3 and rsv candidate vaccines using sendai virus (sev, murine piv-1) as a vector. sev was selected as the vaccine backbone, because it has been shown to elicit robust and durable immune act ... | 2008 | 18499307 |
| seroprevalence of bovine respiratory viruses in north-western turkey. | bovine respiratory disease complex is a very important health problem around the world. present study describes serological distribution of bovine major respiratory viruses in non-vaccinated cattle population of marmara region in north-western turkey. neutralising antibodies specific to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (pi-3), bovine adenovirus serotype 1 (bav-1) and serotype 3 (bav-3) were ... | 2008 | 18551779 |
| identification of two distinct bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 genotypes. | the partial gene sequencing of the matrix (m) protein from seven clinical isolates of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv-3), and the complete sequencing of a representative isolate (q5592) was completed in this study. nucleotide sequence analysis was initiated because of the failure of in-house bpiv-3 rt-pcr methods to yield expected products for four of the isolates. phylogenetic reconstructions based on the nucleotide sequences for the m-protein and the entire genome, using all of the ava ... | 2008 | 18559934 |
| a paramyxovirus-vectored intranasal vaccine against ebola virus is immunogenic in vector-immune animals. | ebola virus (ebov) causes outbreaks of a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. the virus can be transmitted by direct contact as well as by aerosol and is considered a potential bioweapon. because direct immunization of the respiratory tract should be particularly effective against infection of mucosal surfaces, we previously developed an intranasal vaccine based on replication-competent human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) expressing ebov glycoprotein gp (hpiv3/ebogp) and showed that i ... | 2008 | 18570964 |
| natural killer cells regulate t-cell proliferation during human parainfluenza virus type 3 infection. | human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) is a major respiratory pathogen in humans. failure to induce immunological memory associated with hpiv3 infection has been attributed to inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. we demonstrate that the inability of mixed lymphocytes to respond to virally infected antigen-presenting cells is due to an interleukin-2-dependent, nonapoptotic mechanism involving natural killer (nk) cells and their influence is exerted in a contact-dependent manner. these result ... | 2008 | 18614637 |
| respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections, mazandaran province, iran. | we conducted this study to determine the contribution of respiratory viruses in 202 hospitalized children (1 mo-5 yr) with clinical evidence of acute lower respiratory tract illness (alri). nasopharyngeal specimens were assayed for viruses detection by indirect immunoflourescent method. viral agents were identified from 109 (54%) cases (9 cases had dual infection). the most commonly detected virus was parainfluenza virus 3 in 32 (15.8%) cases followed by respiratory syncytial virus 26 (12.9%) pa ... | 2008 | 18695281 |
| successful treatment of parainfluenza virus 3 pneumonia with oral ribavirin and methylprednisolone in a bone marrow transplant recipient. | we report a case of severe parainfluenza (piv) 3 pneumonia in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient that was successfully treated with oral ribavirin and methylprednisolone. a 42-year-old woman diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (fab m5a) in first complete remission underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from an hla-matched unrelated donor in may 2006. in july 2007, she developed piv3 pneumonia. her respiratory status progressively worsened and she required o(2) inhalat ... | 2008 | 18712461 |
| expression of human parainfluenza virus type 3 pd protein and intracellular localization in virus infected cells. | the p gene of human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv 3) encodes a multicistronic p mrna that gives rise to four polypeptides. the p and c proteins are synthesized from two discrete overlapping aug codons from the unedited p mrna, while synthesis of two additional proteins, v and pd, presumably occurs via a unique transcriptional editing mechanism. however, the presence of v and pd proteins in hpiv 3 infected cells and their role in viral replication remains uncertain. here, in vitro expression o ... | 2008 | 18751884 |
| current status of vaccines for parainfluenza virus infections. | parainfluenza viruses (piv) have been generally disregarded as pathogens in spite of their importance in pediatric lower respiratory illness. because pivs account for 17% of hospitalized illness associated virus isolation, the development of piv vaccine would be a major advance in preventing lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. we will review in detail several piv vaccine candidates and recent newer approaches to piv vaccine development. intranasally administered bovi ... | 2008 | 18820572 |
| development of a piv-vectored rsv vaccine: preclinical evaluation of safety, toxicity, and enhanced disease and initial clinical testing in healthy adults. | medi-534 is a bivalent live attenuated vaccine candidate against human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) that was previously shown to be immunogenic and to protect rodents and african green monkeys from wild-type (wt) hrsv challenge. we performed further preclinical evaluations to address the safety of medi-534 prior to human testing. medi-534 did not predispose rodents to enhanced rsv disease following wt-rsv challenge, and the tissue tropism of the ... | 2008 | 18822334 |
| parainfluenza virus infections in a tropical city: clinical and epidemiological aspects. | little information on the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (hpiv) infections, especially in children from tropical countries, has been published. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of hpiv infections in children attended at a large hospital in fortaleza in northeast brazil, and describe seasonal patterns, clinical and epidemiological characteristics of these infections. from january 2001 to december 2006, a total of 3070 nasopharyngeal aspi ... | 2008 | 18833402 |
| antiviral activity and rna polymerase degradation following hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses. | we have analyzed the effectiveness of hsp90 inhibitors in blocking the replication of negative-strand rna viruses. in cells infected with the prototype negative strand virus vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), inhibiting hsp90 activity reduced viral replication in cells infected at both high and low multiplicities of infection. this inhibition was observed using two hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin and radicicol. silencing of hsp90 expression using sirna also reduced viral replication. hsp90 inhibiti ... | 2007 | 17258257 |
| association of bovine respiratory disease with clinical status and acute phase proteins in calves. | eighty-four calves with respiratory disease from 18 herds in different parts of finland were chosen for a study evaluating the capacity of different respiratory pathogens to cause changes in different acute phase protein concentrations, white blood cell (wbc) count and clinical signs. the selected acute phase proteins were fibrinogen, haptoglobin, serum amyloid-a, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. from each calf, a paired blood sample was obtained for serological s ... | 2007 | 17258318 |
| a daring treatment and a successful outcome: the need for targeted therapies for pediatric respiratory viruses. | 2007 | 17300487 | |
| long-term therapy with aerosolized ribavirin for parainfluenza 3 virus respiratory tract infection in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency. | we report the case of an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency who was presented with piv3 infection. aerosolized ribavirin was administered for 10 months until the child gained a functional immune system through an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and cleared piv3 infection. no adverse effect was observed in the child and in healthcare personnel, with a follow-up of three years. despite the burden of aerosolized administration, early and prolonged administration of aerosoliz ... | 2007 | 17300503 |
| detection and typing by molecular techniques of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute respiratory infection in rome, italy. | detection of a broad number of respiratory viruses is not undertaken currently for the diagnosis of acute respiratory infection due to the large and always increasing list of pathogens involved. a 1-year study was undertaken on children hospitalized consecutively for acute respiratory infection in a pediatric department in rome to characterize the viruses involved. two hundred twenty-seven children were enrolled in the study with a diagnosis of asthma, bronchiolitis, bronchopneumonia, or laringo ... | 2007 | 17311326 |
| drying-induced variations in physico-chemical properties of amorphous pharmaceuticals and their impact on stability ii: stability of a vaccine. | to investigate the impact of drying method on the storage stability of dried vaccine formulations. | 2007 | 17372697 |
| seroprevalence of selected viral and bacterial pathogens in free-ranging european bison from the białowieza primeval forest (poland). | blood was collected from bison that were selected between 1991 and 2001 for poor body condition, cachexia, lameness and balanoposthitis. sera were tested for antibodies to bovine herpes virus type 1 (bhv-1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi-3), brucella abortus, chlamydophila abortus, coxiella burnetti, and leptospira interrogans. the results of serological tests showed a prevalence of low titers of a serological reaction to ... | 2007 | 17388020 |
| molecular investigations of an outbreak of parainfluenza virus type 3 and respiratory syncytial virus infections in a hematology unit. | a large simultaneous outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza type 3 (piv-3) infections occurred on an adult hematology unit. implementation of enhanced infection control was complicated by cocirculation of the two different viruses, with prolonged viral shedding from infected patients, and placed great pressure on health care staff; of 27 infected hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, 9 died, and the unit was closed for 2 months. retrospective molecular investigati ... | 2007 | 17392447 |
| successful topical respiratory tract immunization of primates against ebola virus. | ebola virus causes outbreaks of severe viral hemorrhagic fever with high mortality in humans. the virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted by contact and by the aerosol route. these features make ebola virus a potential weapon for bioterrorism and biological warfare. therefore, a vaccine that induces both systemic and local immune responses in the respiratory tract would be highly beneficial. we evaluated a common pediatric respiratory pathogen, human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), ... | 2007 | 17428868 |
| comparison of the "prodect bcs rv chip" assay with the combination of shell vial cell culture and immunofluorescence antibody test for the detection of respiratory viruses. | in the present study, a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction combined with a chip hybridization assay (prodect bcs rv chip) was evaluated as an alternative to the combination of immunofluorescent antibody test and shell vial cell culture considered as gold standard for the detection of respiratory viruses. among 100 specimens, 40 were positive using the combination of immunofluorescent antibody test and shell vial cell culture assay in which 9 of them were infected by two di ... | 2007 | 17433455 |
| human parainfluenza viruses hpiv1 and hpiv3 bind oligosaccharides with alpha2-3-linked sialic acids that are distinct from those bound by h5 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin. | we investigated the binding of human parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 (hpiv1 and hpiv3, respectively) to the glycan array of the consortium for functional glycomics and binding and their release from erythrocytes under conditions where neuraminidase is inactive or active. hpiv1 and hpiv3 bind modifications of neu5acalpha2-3galbeta1-4glcnac, including the sialyl-lewis(x) motif and structures containing 6-sulfogalactose. hpiv1 and hpiv3 thus bind typical n-linked glycans, in contrast to avian inf ... | 2007 | 17522226 |
| small-molecule activators of rnase l with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. | rnase l, a principal mediator of innate immunity to viral infections in higher vertebrates, is required for a complete ifn antiviral response against certain rna stranded viruses. dsrna produced during viral infections activates ifn-inducible synthetases that produce 5'-phosphorylated, 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5a) from atp. 2-5a activates rnase l in a wide range of different mammalian cell types, thus blocking viral replication. however, 2-5a has unfavorable pharmacologic properties; it is rapid ... | 2007 | 17535916 |
| bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 accessory proteins that suppress beta interferon production. | the paramyxovirus p gene encodes accessory proteins antagonistic to interferon (ifn). viral proteins responsible for the ifn antagonism, however, are distinct among paramyxoviruses. here we determine bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (bpiv3) ifn antagonists that suppress ifn-beta production, and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. of bpiv3 p gene products, c and v proteins were found to suppress double-stranded rna-stimulated ifn-beta production. the v protein of bpiv3 and sendai vir ... | 2007 | 17548221 |
| a prospective three-year cohort study of the epidemiology and virology of acute respiratory infections of children in rural india. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is a major killer of children in developing countries. although the frequency of ari is similar in both developed and developing countries, mortality due to ari is 10-50 times higher in developing countries. viruses are common causes of ari among such children, yet the disease burden of these infections in rural communities is unknown. | 2007 | 17551572 |
| fusion promotion by a paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein: ph modulation of receptor avidity of binding sites i and ii. | paramyxoviruses, including the childhood respiratory pathogen human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), possess an envelope protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) that has receptor-cleaving (neuraminidase), as well as receptor-binding, activity. hn is a type ii transmembrane glycoprotein, present on the surface of the virus as a tetramer composed of two dimers. hn is also essential for activating the fusion protein (f) to mediate merger of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. this i ... | 2007 | 17567695 |
| detection of parainfluenza virus 3 in turbinate epithelial cells of postviral olfactory dysfunction patients. | postviral olfactory dysfunction (pvod) develops after a common cold, but little is known about the viral pathogen inducing olfactory dysfunction. we hypothesized that human parainfluenza virus 3 (piv3) may cause pvod. we therefore assayed the nasal cavity mucosae of pvod patients for the presence or persistence of piv3. | 2007 | 17572640 |
| early days in interferon research. | i describe in this article the early days of interferon research in france. in 1957, when isaacs and lindenmann published their results in the same time we worked on a para-influenza 3 virus inhibitor. thereafter we confirmed this important discovery and initiated research studies about anti-tumor action of interferon. | 2007 | 17573176 |
| influenzavirus infection is a primary cause of febrile respiratory illness in hiv-infected adults, despite vaccination. | there are, to our knowledge, no prospective studies of respiratory tract infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected adults in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) era. we performed a surveillance study of outpatients who presented with fever and respiratory symptoms to examine the role of viral pathogens in these patients. | 2007 | 17578785 |
| detection of antibodies and risk factors for infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus-3 in beef cattle of yucatan, mexico. | we collected blood samples from 756 > or =2-year-old cattle in 54 herds in yucatan, mexico, and used all of those to determine the antibody seroprevalences (in an indirect enzyme-linked inmunosorbance assay) to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and risk factors for animal-level seropositivity. we used 728 of the same samples (from 52 of the same herds) to do the same for parainfluenza virus-3 (piv3). cattle were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. herd-level and animal-level risk fac ... | 2007 | 17590461 |
| molecular determinants of antiviral potency of paramyxovirus entry inhibitors. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) constitute the henipavirus genus of paramyxoviruses, both fatal in humans and with the potential for subversion as agents of bioterrorism. binding of the hev/niv attachment protein (g) to its receptor triggers a series of conformational changes in the fusion protein (f), ultimately leading to formation of a postfusion six-helix bundle (6hb) structure and fusion of the viral and cellular membranes. the ectodomain of paramyxovirus f proteins contains two co ... | 2007 | 17652384 |
| a six-year study on respiratory viral infections in a bull testing facility. | viral infection dynamics and bovine respiratory disease (brd) treatment rates were studied over six years at a swedish bull testing station with an 'all in, all out' management system. in august of each of the years 1998-2003, between 149 and 185 4-8-month-old calves arrived at the station from 99 to 124 different beef-breeding herds, and remained until march the following year. only calves that tested free from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were allowed to enter the station and original a ... | 2007 | 16647871 |
| a chimeric alphavirus rna replicon gene-based vaccine for human parainfluenza virus type 3 induces protective immunity against intranasal virus challenge. | parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3) infections continue to be a significant health risk for infants, young children, and immunocompromised adults. we describe a gene-based vaccine strategy against piv3 using replication-defective alphavirus vectors. these rna replicon vectors, delivered as virus-like particles and expressing the piv3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein, were shown to be highly immunogenic in mice and hamsters, inducing piv3-specific neutralizing antibody responses. importantl ... | 2007 | 17052811 |
| etiology of respiratory disease in non-vaccinated, non-medicated calves in rearing herds. | the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of bacterial, mycoplasmal and viral pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of calves in all-in all-out calf-rearing units. according to clinical status, non-medicated calves with and without respiratory disease signs were selected of the 40 herds investigated to analyse the micro-organisms present in healthy and diseased calves. tracheobronchial lavage (tbl) and paired serum samples were analysed for bacteria, mycoplasmas, respiratory syncyti ... | 2007 | 17084565 |
| an improved method for the recovery of recombinant paramyxovirus vaccine candidates suitable for use in human clinical trials. | we describe a method for the generation of clinical grade, live-attenuated vaccines in vero cells entirely from cdna plasmids. the entire electroporation procedure can be completed in less than 15 minutes and this is a significant improvement over previous lipid or electroporation based transfection techniques that also involve a heat-shock step. importantly, the virus preparations can be generated with a minimal use of animal product derived materials, an important consideration for a vaccine c ... | 2007 | 17210187 |
| a second receptor binding site on human parainfluenza virus type 3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase contributes to activation of the fusion mechanism. | the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein of paramyxoviruses carries out three discrete activities that each affect the ability of hn to promote viral fusion and entry: receptor binding, receptor cleaving (neuraminidase), and triggering of the fusion protein. the interrelationship between the receptor binding and fusion-triggering functions of hn has not been clear. for human parainfluenza type 3 (hpiv3), one bifunctional site on hn can carry out both receptor binding and neuraminidase activi ... | 2007 | 17229690 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 4-o-alkylated 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives as inhibitors of human parainfluenza virus type-3 sialidase activity. | the x-ray crystal structure of the paramyxoviral surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) from newcastle disease virus was used as a template to design inhibitors of the hn from human parainfluenza virus type-3 (hpiv-3). 4-o-alkylated derivatives of 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac2en), accessed from 8,9-o-isopropylidenated-neu5ac2en1me, were found to inhibit the sialidase (neuraminidase) activity of hpiv-3 (strain c243) in the range of 3-30mum. this is compara ... | 2007 | 17236768 |
| pneumonia of lambs in the abruzzo region of italy: anatomopathological and histopathological studies and localisation of mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. | the most common forms of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in lambs are acute enzootic pneumonia, caused mainly by mannheimia haemolytica, chronic enzootic pneumonia (defined as 'atypical' in lambs), the aetiological of which is mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and viral inflammation principally caused by parainfluenza virus type 3. the authors conducted anatomopathological and histopathological studies of the most commonly encountered spontaneous lung inflammations in lambs slaughtered in the ... | 2007 | 20411506 |
| optimisation of the response to respiratory virus vaccines in cattle. | 2007 | 17720964 | |
| multiplexed reverse transcriptase pcr assay for identification of viral respiratory pathogens at the point of care. | we have developed a nucleic acid-based assay that is rapid, sensitive, and specific and can be used for the simultaneous detection of five common human respiratory pathogens, including influenza virus a, influenza virus b, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and adenovirus groups b, c, and e. typically, diagnosis on an unextracted clinical sample can be provided in less than 3 h, including sample collection, preparation, and processing, as well as data analysis. ... | 2007 | 17855573 |
| identification of upper respiratory tract pathogens using electrochemical detection on an oligonucleotide microarray. | bacterial and viral upper respiratory infections (uri) produce highly variable clinical symptoms that cannot be used to identify the etiologic agent. proper treatment, however, depends on correct identification of the pathogen involved as antibiotics provide little or no benefit with viral infections. here we describe a rapid and sensitive genotyping assay and microarray for uri identification using standard amplification and hybridization techniques, with electrochemical detection (ecd) on a se ... | 2007 | 17895966 |
| surveillance of eight respiratory viruses in clinical samples of pediatric patients in southeast brazil. | detection of the eight most common respiratory viruses: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), influenza virus a and b (ia and ib), parainfluenza viruses 1, 2 and 3 (hpiv1, 2 and 3), adenovirus (ad) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), in order to establish the etiology of acute respiratory infections (aris) and the epidemiology of these viruses in young children seen at hospital universitário, universidade de são paulo, in são paulo, brazil, during 2003. | 2007 | 17940688 |
| long-term protection in hamsters against human parainfluenza virus type 3 following mucosal or combinations of mucosal and systemic immunizations with chimeric alphavirus-based replicon particles. | no licensed vaccines are available to protect against parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3), a significant health risk for infants. in search of a safe vaccine, we used an alphavirus-based chimeric vector, consisting of sindbis virus (sin) structural proteins and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) replicon rna, expressing the piv3 hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) glycoprotein (vee/sin-hn). we compared different routes of intramuscular (i.m.), intranasal (i.n.), or combined i.n. and i.m. immu ... | 2007 | 17944814 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antiviral effects of the homeopathic preparation gripp-heel on selected respiratory viruses. | gripp-heel is a homeopathic preparation frequently used in the treatment of respiratory viral infections such as various types of influenza and the common cold. the antiviral activity of gripp-heel was studied in vitro on human pathogenic enveloped and nonenveloped rna and dna viruses. before the antiviral assays, in vitro cytotoxicity of gripp-heel was determined with cells used for the infection experiments (hela, hep-2, mdck, bgm) as well as with mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclea ... | 2007 | 18066110 |
| parainfluenza type 3 outbreaks in izmir children, turkey. | the present study was aimed to investigate characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections caused by parainfluenza type 3 viruses. nasopharyngeal smears were taken from 178 patients with lower respiratory infections for the diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza and parainfluenza viruses between december 2004 and april 2005. parainfluenza type 3 was isolated from the viral specimens of 96 (53.9%) patients and it was noticeable that the parainfluenza type 3 outbreak ... | 2007 | 17988501 |
| [clinical and epidemiological manifestations of parainfluenza infection in hospitalized children]. | human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv) are a common cause of respiratory illness of children but published data on clinical characteristics of hpiv infection in south america is scarce. | 2007 | 17989842 |