Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| gga-mir-9* inhibits ifn production in antiviral innate immunity by targeting interferon regulatory factor 2 to promote ibdv replication. | micrornas (mirnas) are small non-coding rnas that contribute to the repertoire of host-pathogen interactions during viral infections. in the current study, mirna analysis showed that a panel of micrornas, including gga-mir-9*, were markedly upregulated in specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens upon infection with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv); however, the biological function of gga-mir-9* during viral infection remains unknown. using a tcid50 assay, it was found that ectopic expression ... | 2015 | 25975521 |
| evaluation of a phylogenetic marker based on genomic segment b of infectious bursal disease virus: facilitating a feasible incorporation of this segment to the molecular epidemiology studies for this viral agent. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious and acute viral disease, which has caused high mortality rates in birds and considerable economic losses in different parts of the world for more than two decades and it still represents a considerable threat to poultry. the current study was designed to rigorously measure the reliability of a phylogenetic marker included into segment b. this marker can facilitate molecular epidemiology studies, incorporating this segment of the viral genome ... | 2015 | 25946336 |
| infectious bursal disease virus vp5 polypeptide: a phosphoinositide-binding protein required for efficient cell-to-cell virus dissemination. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), a member of the birnaviridae family, is a major avian pathogen responsible for an immunosuppressive disease affecting juvenile chickens. the ibdv genome is formed by two dsrna segments. the largest one harbors two partially overlapping open reading frames encoding a non-structural polypeptide, known as vp5, and a large polyprotein, respectively. vp5 is non-essential for virus replication. however, it plays a major role in ibdv pathogenesis. vp5 accumulates ... | 2015 | 25886023 |
| differential modulation of immune response and cytokine profiles in the bursae and spleen of chickens infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) induces immunosuppression and inflammation in young birds, which subsequently leads to high mortality. in addition, infectious bursal disease (ibd) is one of the leading causes of vaccine failure on farms. therefore, understanding the immunopathogenesis of ibdv in both the spleen and the bursae could help effective vaccine development. however, previous studies only profiled the differential expression of a limited number of cytokines, in ei ... | 2015 | 25884204 |
| naturally occurring reassortant infectious bursal disease virus in northern china. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is a bi-segmented, double-stranded rna virus that belongs to the genus avibirnavirus of the family of birnavirideae. the co-evolution of genome segments is a major evolutionary feature for ibdv. however, in recent years, some strains exhibited markedly different genetic relationships for segments a and b. in this study, we firstly isolated a new type of reassortment ibdv strain named ibd13heb01 from northern china. the full-length genomes of segments a and ... | 2015 | 25869881 |
| immunoreactivity and morphological changes of bursal follicles in chickens infected with vaccine or wild-type strains of the infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is characterized by immunosuppression due to the depletion of lymphocytes in the atrophied bursa of fabricius (bf). we have sometimes encountered contradictory findings: chickens infected with the vaccine ibd virus (ibdv) strain have sometimes exhibited a highly atrophied bf, but not immunosuppression. in this study, chickens administered vaccine or wild-type strains of ibdv were later vaccinated with the b1 strain of the newcastle disease virus (ndv). bursal chan ... | 2015 | 25866403 |
| chondroitin sulfate n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 contributes to the replication of infectious bursal disease virus via interaction with the capsid protein vp2. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is a birnavirus that causes a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease in young chickens. the capsid protein vp2 of ibdv plays multiple roles in its life cycle. to more comprehensively understand the functions of vp2 involved in the communication between virus and host, we used yeast two-hybrid screening to identify the cellular factors that interact with this protein. we found that chondroitin sulfate n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-2 (csgalnact2), a ... | 2015 | 25807054 |
| changes of cd4+cd25+ cells ratio in immune organs from chickens challenged with infectious bursal disease virus strains with varying virulences. | in the current study, we investigate changes in cd4+cd25+ cells in chickens during infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection. the percentage of cd4+cd25+ cells in lymph organs, e.g., the thymus, spleen, bursa of fabricius and peripheral blood, during the first 1-5 days post infection (dpi) was assessed by flow cytometry. the data revealed a remarkable decrease in the percentage of cd4+cd25+ cells in the thymus from 1 to 5 dpi and in the spleen during early infection. an increase of the pe ... | 2015 | 25803101 |
| genetic characterization of south american infectious bursal disease virus reveals the existence of a distinct worldwide-spread genetic lineage. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is one of the most concerning health problems for world poultry production. ibdvs comprise four well-defined evolutionary lineages known as classic (c), classic attenuated (ca), variant (va) and very virulent (vv) strains. here, we characterized ibdvs from south america by the genetic analysis of both segments of the viral genome. viruses belonging to c, ca and vv strains were unambiguously classified by the presence of molecular markers and phylogenetic an ... | 2015 | 25746415 |
| chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells maturation in response to infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is highly contagious disease which easily lead to immunosuppression and a decreased response to vaccinations in young chicken. since dendritic cells (dcs) are crucial to induce immunity and their maturation and functions are influenced by microbial and environmental stimuli, we investigated the effects of inactivated ibdv and ibdv on chicken dc activation and maturation. chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chbm-dcs) cultured in complete medium (inc ... | 2015 | 25613777 |
| protective efficacy of a dna vaccine construct encoding the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease and a truncated hsp70 of mycobacterium tuberculosis in chickens. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute, infectious, immunosuppressive disease affecting young chicken worldwide. the etiological agent ibd virus (ibdv) is a double stranded rna virus with outer capsid protein vp2 of ibdv is the major antigenic determinant capable of inducing neutralizing antibody. dna vaccines encoding vp2 has been extensively studied achieving only partial protection. however, the efficacy of dna vaccines against ibdv can be augmented by choosing a potential molecular adju ... | 2015 | 25596458 |
| the association of receptor of activated protein kinase c 1(rack1) with infectious bursal disease virus viral protein vp5 and voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (vdac2) inhibits apoptosis and enhances viral replication. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute, highly contagious, and immunosuppressive avian disease caused by ibd virus (ibdv). our previous report indicates that ibdv vp5 induces apoptosis via interaction with voltage-dependent anion channel 2 (vdac2). however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. we report here that receptor of activated protein kinase c 1 (rack1) interacts with both vdac2 and vp5 and that they could form a complex. we found that overexpression of rack1 inhibit ... | 2015 | 25583988 |
| infectious bursal disease virus uptake involves macropinocytosis and trafficking to early endosomes in a rab5-dependent manner. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) internalization is sparsely known in terms of molecular components of the pathway involved. to describe the cell biological features of ibdv endocytosis, we employed perturbants of endocytic pathways such as pharmacological inhibitors and overexpression of dominant-negative mutants. internalization analysis was performed quantifying infected cells by immunofluorescence and western blot detection of the viral protein vp3 at 12 h post-infection reinforced by ... | 2015 | 25565085 |
| dna vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus: still more to explore. | 2015 | 25554242 | |
| isolation of infectious bursal disease virus using indigenous chicken embryos in kenya. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) isolates were recovered from outbreaks to initiate activities towards developing a local vaccine strain. use of indigenous chicken embryos was exploited to determine their potential, promote utilization of local resources for research, and enhance household economic activities. bursa of fabricius (bfs) samples from outbreaks shown to be ibdv positive was homogenized and inoculated in 4-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) ibdv seronegative white leghorn ch ... | 2015 | 27347520 |
| genetic, antigenic and pathogenic characterization of four infectious bursal disease virus isolates from china suggests continued evolution of very virulent viruses. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes an economically significant disease of young chickens worldwide. the emergence of very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) strains has brought more challenges for effective prevention and control of this disease. the aim of the present study was to characterize four ibdv isolates from various regions of china between late 1990s and recent years and to compare them with previously isolated european ibdv strains. in this study, one chinese vvibdv strain isolated in ... | 2015 | 25528137 |
| seroprevalence of infectious bursal disease virus in local chickens in udu local government area of delta state, south east nigeria. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) poses a great global threat to the poultry industry. knowledge of the occurrence of the disease is important in the design and implementation of a control program, therefore this study determines the seroprevalence of ibdv in local chickens in udu local government area of delta state. 250 chickens were bled by exsanguination and sera obtained were screened using agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test. the seropositivity was 51.6%, which is indicates endemicit ... | 2015 | 25331185 |
| characteristics of very virulent infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from chinese broiler chickens (2012-2013). | the objective of this study was to characterize the infectious bursal disease viruses (ibdvs) circulating in broiler chicken farms in china between 2012 and 2013. the vp2 gene sequences of nine newly isolated ibdvs, obtained using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, were determined and compared with worldwide reference isolates, which have been previously well characterized. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nine broiler ibdv isolates are closely related to very virulent ibdv ... | 2015 | 25312336 |
| dietary l-arginine modulates immunosuppression in broilers inoculated with an intermediate strain of infectious bursa disease virus. | the effects of dietary l-arginine (arg) on immunosuppression following infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) inoculation in broiler chickens were evaluated. the design of this study was a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (n = 5) with five arg concentrations (starter: 9.9, 13.9, 17.6, 21.3 and 25.3 g kg(-1) ; grower-finisher: 9.5, 13.5, 17.1, 20.1 and 23.6 g kg(-1) ) with or without ibdv inoculation (ibdv or saline inoculation at 14 days). chickens were sampled at 2, 4 and 6 days post-inoculation (dp ... | 2015 | 24728981 |
| [disparity of apoptotic response in human breast cancer cell lines mcf-7 and mda-mb-231 after infection with recombinant adenovirus encoding the vp2 gene of infectious bursail disease virus]. | recombinant adenovirus encoding the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (adv-vp2) has shown potent anti-tumour effects due to its capability of apoptotic induction in cancer cells. in the present study, human breast cancer cells mcf-7 and mda-mb-231 were infected with adv-vp2. the expression of vp2 protein was registered 4 h post-infection, particularly in mcf-7 cells. multiple time-point dna ladder assay demonstrated that adv-vp2 infected mda-mb-231 and mcf-7 cells endured apoptosis as ... | 2015 | 25842834 |
| histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of infectious bursal disease in poultry birds. | the aim of the present study was to diagnose infectious bursal disease (ibd) using gross, histopathological, and immunopathological approaches and to compare efficacy of immunohistochemical techniques with conventional diagnostic techniques. | 2015 | 27047039 |
| development and evaluation of a salmonella typhimurium flagellin based chimeric dna vaccine against infectious bursal disease of poultry. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is an acute immunosuppressive disease of young chicks, caused by a double-stranded rna virus. vp2 being the major capsid protein of the virus is an ideal vaccine candidate possessing the neutralizing epitopes. the present study involves the use of flagellin (flic) as a genetic adjuvant to improve the immune response of vp2 based dna vaccine against ibd. our findings revealed that birds immunized with plasmid pcivp2flic showed robust immune response than pcivp2 imm ... | 2015 | 26412511 |
| role of chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 in induction and activation of innate and adaptive immune responses to infectious bursal disease virus in cultured macrophages. | the objective of the present study was to determine if chicken melanoma-differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) senses infectious bursal disease virus infection to induce innate immunity that bridges to adaptive immunity. during ibdv infection in hd11 cells, ibdv titers and rna loads increased up to 3.4 × 10(7) plaque-forming units (pfu)/ml and 1114 ng/µl, respectively, at 24 hours postinfection (hpi). ibdv infection in hd11 cells induced significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) expression levels o ... | 2015 | 26392283 |
| histamine levels in embryonic chicken livers infected with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | histamine is an endogenous nitrogenous compound with extensive effects on immunologic cells and involved in many physiological functions. the current aim was to determine histamine levels in embryonic liver and its association with the pathogenicity of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) isolate serially passaged in chicken embryos. a vvibdv isolate and the passaged viruses were inoculated into spf embryonated chicken eggs (0.2 ml per egg) via the chorioallantoic membrane. e ... | 2015 | 26341971 |
| a protein with simultaneous capsid scaffolding and dsrna-binding activities enhances the birnavirus capsid mechanical stability. | viral capsids are metastable structures that perform many essential processes; they also act as robust cages during the extracellular phase. viruses can use multifunctional proteins to optimize resources (e.g., vp3 in avian infectious bursal disease virus, ibdv). the ibdv genome is organized as ribonucleoproteins (rnp) of dsrna with vp3, which also acts as a scaffold during capsid assembly. we characterized mechanical properties of ibdv populations with different rnp content (ranging from none t ... | 2015 | 26336920 |
| structural basis for the development of avian virus capsids that display influenza virus proteins and induce protective immunity. | bioengineering of viruses and virus-like particles (vlps) is a well-established approach in the development of new and improved vaccines against viral and bacterial pathogens. we report here that the capsid of a major avian pathogen, infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), can accommodate heterologous proteins to induce protective immunity. the structural units of the ~70-nm-diameter t=13 ibdv capsid are trimers of vp2, which is made as a precursor (pvp2). the pvp2 c-terminal domain has an amphi ... | 2015 | 25520499 |
| analysis of the early immune response to infection by infectious bursal disease virus in chickens differing in their resistance to the disease. | chicken whole-genome gene expression arrays were used to analyze the host response to infection by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). spleen and bursal tissue were examined from control and infected birds at 2, 3, and 4 days postinfection from two lines that differ in their resistance to ibdv infection. the host response was evaluated over this period, and differences between susceptible and resistant chicken lines were examined. antiviral genes, including ifna, ifng, mx1, ifitm1, ifitm3, a ... | 2015 | 25505077 |
| eliciting specific humoral immunity from a plasmid dna encoding infectious bursal disease virus polyprotein gene fused with avian influenza virus hemagglutinin gene. | dna vaccine coding for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) polyprotein gene and that for avian influenza virus (aiv) hemagglutinin (ha) gene have been shown to induce immunity and provide protection against the respective disease. the present study was carried out to determine whether an ibdv polyprotein gene-based dna fused with aiv ha gene could trigger immune response to both ibdv and aiv. after transfection, vp2 and ha were detected in the cytoplasm and at cell membrane, respectively, by ... | 2015 | 25445883 |
| infectious bursal disease virus vp3 upregulates vp1-mediated rna-dependent rna replication. | genome replication is a critical step in virus life cycles. here, we analyzed the role of the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp3, a major component of ibdv ribonucleoprotein complexes, on the regulation of vp1, the virus-encoded rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). data show that vp3, as well as a peptide mimicking its c-terminal domain, efficiently stimulates the ability of vp1 to replicate synthetic single-stranded rna templates containing the 3' untranslated regions (utrs) from the ib ... | 2015 | 26311889 |
| in vitro characterization of chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells following infection with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), an immunosuppressive virus that targets immune cells such as b cells and macrophages. however, the involvement of dendritic cells (dcs) during ibdv infection is not well understood. in this study the in vitro effects of live and inactivated very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) upm0081 on bone marrow-derived dcs (bm-dc) were characterized and compared with bm-dc treated with lipopolysaccharide (lps). morphologically, bm-dc trea ... | 2015 | 26305169 |
| persistence and tissue distribution of infectious bursal disease virus serotypes 1 and 2 in turkeys. | two experiments were conducted to determine the persistence and tissue distribution of serotypes 1 and 2 of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) in specific-pathogen-free and vaccinated turkeys. in experiment 1, three groups of 2-wk-old turkey poults, including a negative control group, were used. in groups 1 and 2, 13 poults in each group were challenged with either serotype 1 (stc) or serotype 2 (oh) strains using an inoculum of 10(4) 50% embryo infectious dose (eid50)/0.2 ml/bird. thymus, b ... | 2015 | 26292550 |
| infectious bursal disease virus non-structural protein vp5 is not a transmembrane protein. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes a highly relevant poultry disease that affects young chickens causing, among other effects, immunosuppression. ibdv is a bi-segmented double stranded rna virus. the smaller orf of larger rna segment encodes vp5, a 17-kda non-structural protein. although it is an important protein for viral replication cycle, the definition of its specific role and subcellular localization remains unclear. in the present work we demonstrate, using imaging techniques, ... | 2015 | 26046310 |
| molecular characterization of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) isolated in argentina indicates a regional lineage. | in argentina, classical vaccines are used to control infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv); however, outbreaks of ibdv are frequently observed. this could be due to failures in the vaccination programs or to the emergence of new strains, which would be able to break through the protection given by vaccines. hence, genetic characterization of the viruses responsible for the outbreaks that occurred in recent years is crucial for the evaluation of the control programs and the understanding of the ... | 2015 | 26026955 |
| construction of recombinant baculoviruses expressing infectious bursal disease virus main protective antigen and their immune effects on chickens. | in order to overcome the limitations of conventional vaccines for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), we constructed recombinant dual expression system baculoviruses with vp2 and vp2/4/3, the main protective antigens of ibdv. we compared the immune effects of the baculoviruses in avian cells and detected their control effects on chickens with infectious bursal disease. we used western blot analysis to measure vp2 protein and vp2/4/3 polyprotein expression in avian cells infected using the ba ... | 2015 | 26167907 |
| the efficacy of chimeric vaccines constructed with pep-1 and ii-key linking to a hybrid epitope from heterologous viruses. | the heterologous epitope-peptide from different viruses may represent an attractive candidate vaccine. in order to evaluate the role of cell-permeable peptide (pep-1) and ii-key moiety from the invariant chain (ii) of mhc on the heterologous peptide chimeras, we linked the two vehicles to hybrid epitopes on the vp2 protein (aa197-209) of the infectious bursal disease virus and hn protein (aa345-353) of the newcastle disease virus. the chimeric vaccines were prepared and injected into mice. the i ... | 2015 | 26153399 |
| further evidence for very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in vaccinated chickens in nigeria. | reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and partial sequencing of the vp2 hypervariable region was performed on clinical samples from two infectious bursal disease (ibd) outbreaks in plateau state, nigeria. ibd virus rna was detected in all four bursa of fabricius samples. nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the four samples revealed high similarity to previous ibdv sequences from northern and southern nigeria. the deduced amino acid sequences were compared to reference ibdv s ... | 2015 | 26149517 |
| analysis of synonymous codon usage in the vp2 protein gene of infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is an important poultry pathogen. the vp2 protein of ibdv is the major host-protective immunogen. although the functions of the vp2 protein have been well studied, the factors shaping synonymous codon usage bias and nucleotide composition in the vp2 gene have not yet been reported. in the present study, we have analyzed the relative synonymous codon usage and effective number of codons (enc) using 69 ibdv vp2 genes. the major trend in codon usage variation ... | 2015 | 26123923 |
| a neutralizing scfv antibody against infectious bursal disease virus screened by flow cytometry. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is considered a vital viral disease that threatens the poultry industry worldwide. in this study, a recombinant single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody library derived from chickens immunized with vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was constructed. the library was subjected to three rounds of screening by flow cytometry (fcm) against vp2/ibdv through a bacteria display technology, resulting in the enrichment of scfvs. three scfv clones wi ... | 2015 | 26003676 |
| efficient self-assembly and protective efficacy of infectious bursal disease virus-like particles by a recombinant baculovirus co-expressing precursor polyprotein and vp4. | virus-like particle (vlp) technology is considered one of the most promising approaches in animal vaccines, due to the intrinsic immunogenic properties as well as high safety profile of vlps. in this study, we developed a vlp vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), which causes morbidity and mortality in chickens, by expressing a baculovirus in insect cells. | 2015 | 26502988 |
| [development and application of the reverse genetic technologies for infectious bursal disease virus]. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is an important member of the birnaviridae family. ibuv mainly targets the bursa of fabricius, the central immune organ of chicken, resulting in chicken infectious bursal disease (ibd). ibd represents one of the great challenges for ongoing development of the poultry industry. reverse genetics for ibdv emerged over twenty years ago. since then, the technologies behind virus rescue have continually improved leading to a deep understanding of ibdv gene functi ... | 2015 | 26470542 |
| efficacy, safety, and interactions of a live infectious bursal disease virus vaccine for chickens based on strain ibd v877. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious disease in young chickens which can result in high morbidity and mortality and also in great economic losses. the main target for the virus is the lymphoid tissue with a special predilection for the bursa of fabricius. several vaccines are available to control the disease. intermediate plus vaccines are used in chickens with high maternal antibody titers which face high infection pressure. an example of an intermediate plus vaccine is a live ... | 2015 | 26292544 |
| molecular characteristics and evolutionary analysis of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. viral protein 2 (vp2), the major structural protein of ibdv, has been subjected to frequent mutations that have imparted tremendous genetic diversity to the virus. to determine how amino acid mutations may affect the virulence of ibdv, we built a structural model of vp2 of a very virulent strain of ibdv identified in china, vvibdv gx, and performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between ... | 2015 | 26245145 |
| binding chicken anx2 is beneficial for infection with infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes a highly contagious disease in young chickens and leads to significant economic loss in the poultry industry. the identification of host cellular molecules that bind to ibdv will improve the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. in this study, using a virus overlay protein-binding assay (vopba) and mass spectrometry (ms) analysis, ibdv was found to bind chicken anx2, a membrane protein fraction from df-1 cells. its interactions were ... | 2015 | 26221766 |
| evaluation of infectious bursal disease virus stability at different conditions of temperature and ph. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of poultry. the disease poses a serious threat to the economy of many developing countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) belongs to the family birnaviridae. the ibdv is well characterized to cause immunosuppression in poultry. the live attenuated vaccine is the only way to protect the chickens from ibdv infection. the ineffectiveness of vaccin ... | 2015 | 26265229 |
| a new recombinant hybrid polypeptide and its immunologic adjuvant activity for inactivated infectious bursal disease vaccine. | both bursin (lys-his-gly-nh2) and gagnon's peptides (lys-asn-pro-tyr) can induce b-cell differentiation. however, it is unclear whether a recombinant hybrid polypeptide consisting of a tandem array of 14 copies of bursin and two copies of gagnon's peptide can induce the proliferative activity of lymphocytes. here, this recombinant hybrid polypeptide was expressed in escherichia coli and purified by sds-page. various assays showed that it not only promoted b-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro but ... | 2014 | 24652544 |
| inclusion body hepatitis associated with an outbreak of fowl adenovirus type 2 and type 8b in broiler flocks in south africa. | inclusion body hepatitis is an acute disease of chickens ascribed to viruses of the genus aviadenovirus and referred to as fowl adenovirus (fadv). there are 12 fadv types (fadv1to fadv8a and fadv8b to fadv11), classified into five species based on their genotype (designated fadva to fadve). a total of 218 000 chickens, 2-29 days of age, were affected over a 1-year period, all testing positive by microscopy, virus isolation and confirmation with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). affected birds wer ... | 2014 | 27476509 |
| anchored periplasmic expression (apex)-based bacterial display for rapid and high-throughput screening of b cell epitopes. | we truncated the vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus into five fragments: v1-5. all fragments were displayed on the inner membrane of the escherichia coli periplasm. after disruption of the outer membrane, spheroplasts that had anchored with the vp2 fragment were incubated with an anti-vp2 polyclonal antibody (pab). prey pairs were detected and quantitated by flow cytometry with v1, v3, v4 and v5 fragments reacting with the pab. the antigenicity of all five fragments was analyzed, and ... | 2014 | 24190480 |
| [immunogenicity of recombinant lactobacillus casei expressing vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens]. | in order to determine immunogenicity and protective effect in chickens, we used the ibdv (infectious bursal disease virus)-vp2/lactobacillus casei as antigen transfer system. first, the immunized and control chickens were challenged by ibdv/dq at lethal dose to determine the protective ratio. second, chickens were orallyand intranasally vaccinated twice with 10(9) cfu/ml pla-vp2/l. casei, pla/l. casei and pbs as negativecontrol and commercial vaccine as positive control. the bursa injury and the ... | 2014 | 25985519 |
| [preparation and identification of monoclonal antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp4]. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp4 plays an important role in immunosuppression of host. in order to develop monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against vp4, we vaccinated balb/c mice with his-vp4, screened and subcloned positive clones. we established 4 hybridoma cell lines that stably secreted mcabs against vp4 and named these cell lines 3b3, 3h11, 4c8 and 4g6, respectively. we tested the dissociation constant (kd) of these mcabs, and found that their k(d)s were 4.61 x 10(-11), 1.71 x 10(-10 ... | 2014 | 25985517 |
| enhanced immune responses of chickens to oral vaccination against infectious bursal disease by ginseng stem-leaf saponins. | infectious bursal disease (ibd), caused by infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), is an immunosuppressive infectious disease of global economic importance in poultry. this study was designed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of ginseng stem-leaf saponins (gsls) on humoral and gut mucosal immunity in chickens vaccinated with live ibdv vaccine, and furthermore, to test its protective efficacy against virulent ibdv challenge following vaccination. in experiment 1, chickens were orally ... | 2014 | 25125559 |
| overexpression of recombinant infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) capsid protein vp2 in the middle silk gland of transgenic silkworm. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease affecting young chickens and causes serious economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. development of subunit vaccine using its major caspid protein, vp2, is one of the promising strategies to protect against ibdv. this study aim to test the feasibility of using silkworm to produce recombinant vp2 protein (rvp2) derived from a very virulent strain of ibdv (vvibdv). a total of 16 transgenic silkwo ... | 2014 | 25106848 |
| inactivation of infectious bursal disease and newcastle disease viruses at temperatures below 0 c using chemical disinfectants. | this study evaluated the effectiveness of bleach, surface decontamination foam (sdf), and virkon in inactivating infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and newcastle disease virus (ndv) at temperatures below 0 c. to simulate the influence of organic load on the effectiveness of disinfectants, as would be encountered in disinfecting farm vehicles and equipment, the viruses were suspended in preparations containing light or heavy levels of organic matter. a small volume of the viral suspension was ... | 2014 | 25055629 |
| simultaneous alteration of residues 279 and 284 of the vp2 major capsid protein of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) strain did not lead to attenuation in chickens. | cell culture adaptation of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) was shown to be mainly associated with the vp2 capsid protein residues 253, 279, and 284. the single mutation a284t proved critical for cell culture tropism, but did not confer efficient virus replication, which at least required one additional mutation, q253h or d279n. while the double mutation q253h/a284t was unambiguously shown to confer both efficient replication in cell culture and attenuation in chickens, con ... | 2014 | 25420540 |
| a b-cell targeting virus disrupts potentially protective genomic methylation patterns in lymphoid tissue by increasing global 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels. | the mechanisms by which viruses modulate the immune system include changes in host genomic methylation. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmc) is the catalytic product of the tet (ten-11 translocation) family of enzymes and may serve as an intermediate of dna demethylation. recent reports suggest that 5hmc may confer consequences on cellular events including the pathogenesis of disease; in order to explore this possibility further we investigated both 5-methylcytosine (5mc) and 5hmc levels in healthy an ... | 2014 | 25338704 |
| occurrence of newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease virus antibodies in double-spurred francolins in nigeria. | the double-spurred francolin francolinus bicalcaratus has been identified as a good candidate for future domestication due to the universal acceptability of its meat and its adaptability to anthropogenically altered environments. therefore, in investigating the diseases to which they are susceptible, serum samples from 56 francolins in a major live-bird market (lbm) in ibadan, southwestern nigeria, were screened for antibodies against newcastle disease (nd) and infectious bursal disease (ibd) vi ... | 2014 | 26464918 |
| a reassortment vaccine candidate as the improved formulation to induce protection against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a highly contagious immunosuppressive disease affecting all major poultry producing areas of the world. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) is genetically prone to mutation so that vaccines have to be changed accordingly. however, the traditional method of vaccine development with blind passage could not fit the style of the emergency prevention of ibdv. in this study, for the first time, a segment-reassortment attenuated ibdv rxatb, consisting of modified s ... | 2014 | 24486309 |
| chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) recognizes infectious bursal disease virus infection and triggers mda5-related innate immunity. | the objective of the present study was to determine if chicken melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) senses infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection to initiate and amplify an innate immune response in the chicken mda5 (chmda5) signaling pathway. chicken embryo fibroblast df-1 cells were infected with ibdv lp1 at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 0.5 or 10. in addition, knockdown and overexpression of chmda5 were performed by transfecting df-1 cells with chmda5-targeting s ... | 2014 | 24452668 |
| immune response elicited by the oral administration of an intermediate strain of ibdv in chickens. | the immune response elicited by the oral inoculation of an intermediate strain of infectious bursal disease virus was studied in chickens. a strong over expression of il-6, il-8, ifnα and ifnγ was observed in bursa at 3 days post inoculation together with an increase in splenic no2 release. an influx of t-lymphocytes was also detected. | 2014 | 25763062 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein coding region of an infectious south african bursal disease virus (ibdv) strain. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes gumboro disease, which is highly contagious and immunosuppressive in young chickens. a virulent form of ibdv reached south africa in 1989 and to date there has been little molecular information available for this strain. in this study, the polyprotein coding region of the south african strain sa-kzn95 was sequenced and analysed along with 52 representative sequences of other serotype i and ii strains. we explored the relative impact of recombination ... | 2014 | 24291011 |
| recombinant infectious bursal disease virus expressing newcastle disease virus (ndv) neutralizing epitope confers partial protection against virulent ndv challenge in chickens. | in this study, the regions in the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) genome that are amenable to the introduction of a sequence encoding a virus-neutralizing epitope of newcastle disease virus (ndv) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (hn) protein were identified. by using the reverse genetics approach, insertions or substitutions of sequences encoding the ndv epitope were engineered in the exposed loops (pbc, phi and [formula: see text] ) of the vp2 capsid protein and the n terminus of the nonstruc ... | 2014 | 24200519 |
| genetic characterisation of infectious bursal disease virus isolates in ethiopia. | the objective of the investigation was to characterise infectious bursal disease viruses (ibdv) circulating in commercial and breeding poultry farms in ethiopia between 2009 and 2011. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence for vp2 hypervariable region of ten ibdvs were determined by rt-pcr, sequenced and compared to well characterised ibdv isolates worldwide. ibdv genetic material was amplified directly from bursa or cell passaged material. phylogenetically, ethiopian ibdvs represented t ... | 2014 | 24145155 |
| genetic characterization of infectious bursal disease viruses associated with gumboro outbreaks in commercial broilers from asyut province, egypt. | ten infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) field strains were isolated from 15 broiler flocks located in various parts of asyut, egypt. seven strains were subjected to comparative sequencing and phylogenetic analyses to help provide optimal control program for protection against ibdv infection. sequence analysis of a 530 bp hypervariable region in the vp2 gene revealed that the rate of identity and homology was around 95.6~99.1%. sequence characterization revealed the 7 strains identified as vvi ... | 2014 | 24977049 |
| further evidence for the association of distinct amino acid residues with in vitro and in vivo growth of infectious bursal disease virus. | a cell-culture-adapted reverse genetics strain of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) of chickens, designated as bd-3tcc, having four amino acid substitutions (gln253his, asp279asn, ala284thr and ser330arg) in the capsid protein vp2 was tested for its genetic stability during serial passage in chickens and chicken embryo fibroblast (cef) cell culture. results of in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that all four introduced mutations in bd-3tcc remained stable during ser ... | 2014 | 24136723 |
| rescue of infectious birnavirus from recombinant ribonucleoprotein complexes. | birnaviruses are unconventional members of the icosahedral double-stranded (dsrna) rna virus group. the main differential birnavirus trait is the lack of the inner icosahedral transcriptional core, a ubiquitous structure conserved in all other icosahedral dsrna viruses, that shelters the genome from cellular dsrna sensors and provide the enzymatic machinery to produce and extrude mature messenger rnas. in contrast, birnaviral particles enclose ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes formed by the geno ... | 2014 | 24498196 |
| novel in-ovo chimeric recombinant newcastle disease vaccine protects against both newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease. | development of a safe and efficient in-ovo vaccine against newcastle disease (ndv) and very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) is of great importance. in this study, a chimeric ndv lasota virus with the l gene of clone-30 (rlac30l) was used to generate a recombinant chimeric virus expressing the vp2 protein of vvibdv (rlac30l-vp2). the safety and efficacy of rlac30l-vp2 in-ovo vaccination was then evaluated in 18-day-old special pathogen free (spf) chicken embryos and commercial b ... | 2014 | 24486349 |
| triplet amino acids located at positions 145/146/147 of the rna polymerase of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus contribute to viral virulence. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes an economically significant disease of chickens worldwide. the emergence of very virulent ibdv (vvibdv) has brought more challenges for effective prevention of this disease. the molecular basis for the virulence of vvibdv is not fully understood. in this study, 20 ibdv strains were analysed phylogenically and clustered in three branches based on their full-length b segments. the amino acid triplet located at positions 145/146/147 of vp1 was found hig ... | 2014 | 24431234 |
| an improved method for determining virucidal efficacy of a chemical disinfectant using an electrical impedance assay. | a major problem with the testing of virucidal efficacy using current protocols is that scoring of virus-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) is dependent on subjective visual interpretation using light microscopy. the current report details the use of an electrical impedance assay (xcelligence, acea biosciences) for its utility in virucidal efficacy testing. in this study, the xcelligence system was used in a procedure developed from guidelines given by the deutsche vereiniging zur bekämpfung der vir ... | 2014 | 24389126 |
| airborne virus sampling: efficiencies of samplers and their detection limits for infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). | the airborne transmission of infectious diseases in livestock production is increasingly receiving research attention. reliable techniques of air sampling are crucial to underpin the findings of such studies. this study evaluated the physical and biological efficiencies and detection limits of four samplers (andersen 6-stage impactor, all-glass impinger "agi-30", omni-3000 and md8 with gelatin filter) for collecting aerosols of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). | 2014 | 25292111 |
| simultaneous detection of vaccinal and field infectious bursal disease viruses in layer chickens challenged with a very virulent strain after vaccination. | infectious bursal disease virus is an important poultry pathogen. it is distributed worldwide and causes significant economic losses. in this study, a system was adopted for the simultaneous monitoring of vaccine and virulent strains using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). after the decay of maternal antibodies, chickens were vaccinated at the age of 37 days with a virus of intermediate virulence and challenged at 5, 10 and 14 days post vaccination (dpv). the challenge wa ... | 2014 | 24659712 |
| an influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) epitope inserted in and expressed from several loci of the infectious bursal disease virus genome induces ha-specific antibodies. | the n-terminus of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vp5 has been shown to be capable of tolerating the insertion of small epitopes. the objective of the present study was to determine if ibdv genomic sites, including the 5' end of vp5, could carry an influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) epitope. ha-expressing ibdvs were generated when the ha epitope was fused to the n-terminus of vp5 (ha5-ibdv) or vp4 (ha4-ibdv) or the c-terminus of vp1 (1ha-ibdv). viral titers obtained after co-transfectio ... | 2014 | 24623088 |
| inhibition of antiviral innate immunity by birnavirus vp3 protein via blockage of viral double-stranded rna binding to the host cytoplasmic rna detector mda5. | chicken mda5 (chmda5), the sole known pattern recognition receptor for cytoplasmic viral rna in chickens, initiates type i interferon (ifn) production. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) evades host innate immunity, but the mechanism is unclear. we report here that ibdv inhibited antiviral innate immunity via the chmda5-dependent signaling pathway. ibdv infection did not induce efficient type i interferon (ifn) production but antagonized the antiviral activity of beta interferon (ifn-β) in d ... | 2014 | 25031338 |
| identification and molecular analysis of infectious bursal disease in broiler farms in the kurdistan regional government of iraq. | the present study was undertaken to characterize field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). the identification was done using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and partial sequencing of the vp2 gene. pooled bursal samples were collected from commercial broiler farms located in the kurdistan regional government (krg) of iraq. the genetic material of the ibdv was detected in 10 out of 29 field samples. sequences of the hypervariable vp2 region were determined ... | 2014 | 25027738 |
| [preparation and immunogenicity of silk fibroin/chitosan microspheres for dna vaccine delivery against infectious bursal disease virus]. | to evaluate the immunities of biodegradable microsphere as a release delivery system for dna vaccine against infectious bursal disease virus, in our study, silk fibroin/chitosan microsphere adjuvant was prepared with a precipitation/coacervation method. both glutaraldehyde and na2so4 solution were used in cross-linking. no immune chicken were intramuscularly inoculated at 14 day-old and boosted 2 weeks later. the results show that glutaraldehyde destroyed the dna activity of the vaccine whereas ... | 2014 | 25007575 |
| scfv antibodies against infectious bursal disease virus isolated from a combinatorial antibody library by flow cytometry. | infectious bursal disease is an economically important disease that affects chickens worldwide. here, a recombinant single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody library derived from chickens immunized with vp2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was constructed. the library was subjected to three rounds of screening by flow cytometry against vp2 protein through a bacteria display technology, resulting in the enrichment of scfv. three scfv clones with different fluorescence intens ... | 2014 | 24563296 |
| growth and replication of infectious bursal disease virus in the df-1 cell line and chicken embryo fibroblasts. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes a highly contagious disease in young chicks and leads to significant economic losses in the poultry industry. to determine a suitable cell line for ibdv infection, replication, and growth kinetics of the virus, df-1 cells and chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) were used. the population doubling per day (pd/d) was found to be higher in df-1 as compared to cef cells. a suitable time of infection (toi) was established for increased production of virus and ... | 2014 | 24949455 |
| ires-incorporated lactococcal bicistronic vector for target gene expression in a eukaryotic system. | plasmid dnas isolated from lactic acid bacteria (lab) such as lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) has been gaining more interests for its positive prospects in genetic engineering-related applications. in this study, the lactococcal plasmid, pnz8048 was modified so as to be able to express multiple genes in the eukaryotic system. therefore, a cassette containing an internal ribosome entry site (ires) was cloned between vp2 gene of a very virulent infectious bursal disease (vvibdv) upm 04190 of malays ... | 2014 | 24780699 |
| apoptotic response of chicken embryonic fibroblast cells to infectious bursal disease virus infections reflects viral pathogenicity. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) induces immunodeficiency in young chickens and apoptosis in chicken embryos. to understand the relation between the viral pathogenesis and the induction of cell death, chicken embryonic fibroblast (cef) cells were infected with ibdv intermediate (im) and very virulent (vv) strains at different mois. the cell viability and dna fragmentation were evaluated in infected cells. the cellular apoptotic pathway involve was investigated by determining the activities ... | 2014 | 24993162 |
| a single amino acid in vp2 is critical for the attachment of infectious bursal disease subviral particles to immobilized metal ions and df-1 cells. | vp2 protein is the primary host-protective immunogen of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). his249 and his253 are two surface histidine residues in ibdv subviral particles (svp), which is formed by twenty vp2 trimers when the vp2 protein of a local isolate is expressed. here, a systemic study was performed to investigate his249 or/and his253 on self-assembly, cell attachment and immunogenicity of svp. point-mutagenesis of either or both histidine residues to alanine did not affect self-assem ... | 2014 | 24732578 |
| effects of challenge with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus reassortants in commercial chickens. | pathogenicity and immune responses were characterized in commercial broilers and layers challenged with very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv) reassortants (vvibdv segment a + serotype 2 segment b and vvibdv segment a + classic virulent segment b) at 7 days of age. in addition, functional immunosuppression was evaluated after challenge with infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) at 15 days of age. layers showed higher levels and increased persistence of ibdv- and ibv-specific maternal ... | 2014 | 25619003 |
| development of slide elisa (selisa) for detection of four poultry viral pathogens by direct heat fixation of viruses on glass slides. | the development of an easy and simpler method of slide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (selisa) for the diagnosis of four economically important poultry viruses viz., newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and egg drop syndrome 76 virus (eds 76) and the use of selisa for semi quantitation of ndv are described. the positive signals for viral aggregates were detected under light microscope. this is the first report regarding the d ... | 2014 | 25218174 |
| infectious bursal disease virus influences the transcription of chicken γc and γc family cytokines during infection. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infection causes immunodeficiency in chickens. to understand cell-mediated immunity during ibdv infection, this study perform a detailed analysis of chicken γc chain (chcd132) and γc family cytokines, including interleukins 2, 4, 7, 9, and 15. the mouse anti-chcd132 monoclonal antibody (mab) was first generated by the e.coli-expressed γc protein. immunofluorescence assay further showed that γc was a protein located with the anti-chcd132 mab on the surface o ... | 2014 | 24416239 |
| canarypox virus expressing infectious bursal disease vp2 protein as immunogen for chickens. | canarypox viruses (cnpv) carrying the coding sequence of vp2 protein from infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were obtained. these viruses were able to express vp2 protein in vitro and to induce ibdv-neutralizing antibodies when inoculated in specific pathogen-free chickens demonstrating that cnpv platform is usefulness to develop immunogens for chickens. | 2014 | 24948937 |
| function of duck rig-i in induction of antiviral response against ibdv and avian influenza virus on chicken cells. | the avian influenza (ai) h9n2 virus and ibdv are two major problems in the poultry industry. they have been prevalent among domestic poultry in asia for many years and have caused considerable economic losses. retinoic-acid-induced gene i (rig-i) is a cytoplasmic sensor of dsrna and ssrna. it can detect encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in human cells, influenza virus in duck leads to production of ifn-β and ifn-stimulated antiviral genes and reductions in th ... | 2014 | 25128465 |
| inactivation of airborne enterococcus faecalis and infectious bursal disease virus using a pilot-scale ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation scrubber. | high microbial concentrations and emissions associated with livestock houses raise health and environmental concerns. a pilot-scale ultraviolet photocatalytic oxidation (uv-pco) scrubber was tested for its efficacy to inactivate aerosolized enterococcus faecalis and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). microbial reduction was determined by the difference in microbial concentrations measured in the upstream and downstream isolators that were connected to the two ends of the uv-pco scrubber. tw ... | 2014 | 24620401 |
| dna vaccination with vp2 gene fragment confers protection against infectious bursal disease virus in chickens. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes immunosuppression in young chickens by destruction of antibody producing b cells in the bursa of fabricius and poses a potential threat to the poultry industry. we have examined the protective efficacy of a subunit dna vaccine against ibdv infection in chickens in this study. an immunodominant vp2 gene fragment (vp252-417) was cloned into cmv promoter based dna vaccine vector pvax1 and in vitro expression of the dna encoded antigens was confirmed by ... | 2014 | 24745626 |
| efficient assembly of full-length infectious clone of brazilian ibdv isolate by homologous recombination in yeast. | the infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes immunosuppression in young chickens. advances in molecular virology and vaccines for ibdv have been achieved by viral reverse genetics (vrg). vrg for ibdv has undergone changes over time, however all strategies used to generate particles of ibdv involves multiple rounds of amplification and need of in vitro ligation and restriction sites. the aim of this research was to build the world's first vrg for ibdv by yeast-based homologous recombination; ... | 2014 | 25763067 |
| simultaneous typing of nine avian respiratory pathogens using a novel gexp analyzer-based multiplex pcr assay. | a new, rapid, and high-throughput genomelab gene expression profiler (gexp) analyzer-based multiplex pcr method was developed for simultaneous detection and differentiation of nine avian respiratory pathogens. the respiratory pathogens included in this study were avian influenza subtypes h5, h7, and h9, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg), mycoplasma synoviae (ms) and haemophilus paragallinarum ... | 2014 | 25025815 |
| flock prevalence of exposure to avian adeno-associated virus, chicken anemia virus, fowl adenovirus, and infectious bursal disease virus among ontario broiler chicken flocks. | samples from 231 randomly selected commercial broiler chicken flocks in ontario were tested at slaughter for exposure to chicken anemia virus (cav), fowl adenovirus (fadv), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). fifteen blood samples per flock were collected and analyzed for the presence of antibodies against cav, fadv, and ibdv by elisa or agar gel immunodiffusion test. fifteen cecal tonsils and cloacal swabs per flock were analyzed for the presence of cav, fadv, and ibdv by pcr. the preva ... | 2014 | 24758116 |
| development of an antigen-capture elisa for the detection of avian leukosis virus p27 antigen. | an antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) employing monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against p27 was developed for the detection of the avian leukosis virus (alv). the specificity of the optimized ac-elisa was evaluated using avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j), avian leukosis virus subgroup a (alv-a), avian leukosis virus subgroup b (alv-b), avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), marek's disease virus (mdv), avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowlpo ... | 2013 | 23201286 |
| detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus by real-time pcr in naturally and experimentally infected chickens. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an acute, highly contagious upper-respiratory infectious disease of chickens. in this study, a real-time pcr method was developed for fast and accurate detection and quantitation of iltv dna of chickens experimentally infected with iltv strain ljs09 and naturally infected chickens. the detection lower limit of the assay was 10 copies of dna. there were no cross reactions with the dna and rna of infectious bursal disease virus, chicken anemia virus, reticuloe ... | 2013 | 23840745 |
| serosurvey for selected infectious agents in two sympatric species of cormorants (phalacrocorax atriceps and phalacrocorax magellanicus) from coastal patagonia, argentina. | we conducted a serologic survey for selected infectious agents on two sympatric cormorants, the imperial cormorant (phalacrocorax atriceps) and the rock shag (phalacrocorax magellanicus). blood was collected from 267 imperial cormorants and 106 rock shags at 17 colonies along the patagonia atlantic shore during nine breeding seasons (1994, 1999-2001-2005-2008-2010). antibodies to four pathogens were common to both species and frequently observed: avian paramyxovirus type 1 (56% of imperial cormo ... | 2013 | 23778597 |
| decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to determine the decay rate of maternal antibodies against major broiler chicken pathogens. a total of 30 one-day-old broiler chicks were obtained from a commercial hatchery and reared in isolation. these chicks were retrieved from a parent flock that received a routine vaccination program. chicks were bled at hatch and sequentially thereafter every 5 d through 30 d of age. maternal antibody titers were measured by elisa for avian encephalomyelitis (aev), avian in ... | 2013 | 23960115 |
| development of a chick bioassay for determination of infectivity of viral pathogens in poultry litter. | to develop a chicken bioassay to detect infective viral pathogens in poultry litter and to determine the effects of type of chicken and age of exposure, as well as the effect of simulated litter transportation, on the level of viral infectivity detected. | 2013 | 23356376 |
| immune responses to infectious laryngotracheitis virus. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), an alphaherpesvirus. despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ilt continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. this review examines the cu ... | 2013 | 23567343 |
| neuraminidase subtyping of avian influenza viruses with primerhunter-designed primers and quadruplicate primer pools. | we have previously developed a software package called primerhunter to design primers for pcr-based virus subtyping. in this study, 9 pairs of primers were designed with primerhunter and successfully used to differentiate the 9 neuraminidase (na) genes of avian influenza viruses (aivs) in multiple pcr-based assays. furthermore, primer pools were designed and successfully used to decrease the number of reactions needed for na subtyping from 9 to 4. the quadruplicate primer-pool method is cost-sav ... | 2013 | 24312367 |
| regulation of macrophage and dendritic cell function by pathogens and through immunomodulation in the avian mucosa. | macrophages (mph) and dendritic cells (dc) are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system. in chickens, markers to distinguish mph from dc are lacking, but whether mph and dc can be distinguished in humans and mice is under debate, despite the availability of numerous markers. mucosal mph and dc are strategically located to ingest foreign antigens, suggesting they can rapidly respond to invading pathogens. this review addresses our current understanding of dc and mph function, the receptors exp ... | 2013 | 23542704 |
| cloning and expression of gumboro vp2 antigen in aspergillus niger. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) causes a highly immunosuppressive disease in chickens and is a pathogen of major economic importance to the poultry industry worldwide. the vp2 protein is the major host-protective immunogen of ibdv and has been considered as a potential subunit vaccine against the disease. vp2 coding sequence was cloned in an inducible fungal vector and the protein was expressed in aspergillus niger (a. niger). | 2013 | 23626875 |
| the peptide motif of the single dominantly expressed class i molecule of the chicken mhc can explain the response to a molecular defined vaccine of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv). | in contrast to typical mammals, the chicken mhc (the bf-bl region of the b locus) has strong genetic associations with resistance and susceptibility to infectious pathogens as well as responses to vaccines. we have shown that the chicken mhc encodes a single dominantly expressed class i molecule whose peptide-binding motifs can determine resistance to viral pathogens, such as rous sarcoma virus and marek's disease virus. in this report, we examine the response to a molecular defined vaccine, fp- ... | 2013 | 23644721 |
| dual infections with low virulent chicken infectious anaemia virus (lvciav) and intermediate infectious bursal disease virus (iibdv) in young chicks increase lvciav in thymus and bursa while decreasing lymphocyte disorders induced by iibdv. | the use of attenuated vaccines or the occurrence of low virulent t-lymphotropic or b-lymphotropic viruses in flocks may alter the immune responses of young chicks in spite of the absence of clinical signs. infections with a low virulent t-lymphotropic chicken infectious anaemia virus (lvciav) followed by infection with an intermediate b-lymphotropic infectious bursal disease virus (iibdv) were conducted in specific pathogen free chicks. thirty-six 1-day-old chicks were infected with the lvciav s ... | 2013 | 23581435 |
| overexpression of microrna gga-mir-21 in chicken fibroblasts suppresses replication of infectious bursal disease virus through inhibiting vp1 translation. | previously we have identified a series of cellular mirna molecules up- or down-regulated in infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infected chicken embryo fibroblasts and bursa of fabricius with gene microarray analysis. here we studied in detail a relatively well studied mirna, gga-mir-21, for better understanding mirnas involvement in ibdv-host interactions. chicken pri-gga-mirna-21 and a control mirna caenorhabditis elegans pri-cel-lin-4 gene were cloned into a lentiviral vector, respectively ... | 2013 | 23954191 |