Publications

detection and identification of multiple baculoviruses using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction endonuclease analysis.	a technique using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction analysis was developed for the simultaneous detection of eight baculoviruses. the baculoviruses detected by this technique were autographa californica multiple-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv). anticarsia gemmatalis mnpv, bombyx mori mnpv, orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv. spodoptera frugiperda mnpv, s. exigua mnpv, anagrapha falcifera mnpv, heliothis zea single-embedded nuclear polyhedrosis virus (snpv). a highly conserved ...	1997	9015292
autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus p143 gene product is a dna-binding protein.	we have identified the protein product of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) p143 gene by constructing a recombinant baculovirus overexpressing the gene product p143. the overexpressed protein exhibited a relative mobility of approximately 140 kda and was stable for at least 12 hr after synthesis. immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody developed against the overexpressed protein identified a similar polypeptide in acmnpv-infected cells which was detectable by 4 hr ...	1997	9024814
establishment of a cell line from spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and replication of s. litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus in vitro.	a new cell line, designated ibl-slo1a, was established from pupal ovaries of the tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura. cells were grown in the tnm-fh insect cell culture medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. the subculture of cells was initiated with 1-3 x 10(5) cells/ml, a split ratio about 1:10. the growth curve of the cells fit the model of exponential growth (y = e-0.6750 + 0.0317x r2 = 0. 98), the population doubling time during logarithmic growth at 28 degrees c was 21.9 hr. the nu ...	1997	9028921
replication of anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus in four lepidopteran cell lines.	anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (agnpv; family baculoviridae) is pathogenic for larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis hübner-an important pest of soybean. agnpv is a viable alternative to chemical control of a. gemmatalis in brazil, where its use as a pesticide has brought significant economic and environmental benefits. although a significant amount of information is available on the ecological and biological control aspects of agnpv, very little is known ...	1997	9028926
characterization of a domain of the genome of bmnpv containing a functional gene for a small capsid protein and harboring deletions eliminating three open reading frames that are present in acnpv.	the nucleotide sequence of a 1.5-kb fragment of the genome of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) has been determined. an open reading frame (orf) has been identified, which encodes a protein of a predicted molecular mass of 15 kda (p15). analysis of the p15 sequence revealed that it shares significant similarities with a number of previously characterized viral capsid proteins. two mrnas, 0.7- and 1.3-kb, are transcribed from the p15 gene. the 0.7-kb transcript appears before bmnpv d ...	1997	9034315
expression of the mouse interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain in insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector--comparison with the human common gamma chain.	the gene encoding the gamma-chain of the mouse interleukin-2 receptor was expressed in lepidopteran insect cells using the baculovirus expression vector system. the corresponding gene was inserted under the polyhedrin promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and expressed in the spodoptera frugiperda insect cell line sf9 during viral infection. the recombinant receptor protein was identified by immunoblotting in cell lysates prepared from insect cells infected with the p ...	1997	9042425
detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus nonstructural protein ns1 may distinguish between vaccinated and infected pigs.	the humoral antibody response against the nonstructural protein ns1 and the structural protein vp2 of porcine parvovirus (ppv) was evaluated by immuno-peroxidase test (ipt) and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant ppv antigens. the coding sequence for ns1 and vp2 was inserted into the baculovirus. autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome resulting in two recombinant baculoviruses acnpv-ns1 and acnpv-vp2, respectively. sf9 cells (spodoptora frugidip ...	1997	9050166
enhanced bioactivity of recombinant baculoviruses expressing insect-specific spider toxins in lepidopteran crop pests	two genetically enhanced isolates of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) expressing insect-specific neurotoxin genes from the spiders diguetia canities and tegenaria agrestis were evaluated for their commercial potential. since prevention of feeding damage is of primary importance in assessing agronomic efficacy, a method for estimating the median time to cessation of feeding (ft50) was developed. neonate droplet feeding assays with preoccluded virus samples were condu ...	1997	9056461
microbial contamination in spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in insects in egypt	spodoptera littoralis nuclear polyhedrosis virus produced in egypt, for use in field trials for the control of s. littoralis on cotton, was subject to microbiological examination to quantify microbial contamination. bacteria were found to be present at 10(6)-10(9) colony-forming units/ml in virus suspensions containing 2.1 x 10(9) polyhedral inclusion bodies/ml. batches were found to contain between 2 and 11 different species of contaminant microbes. no primary human pathogens of medical importa ...	1997	9056465
polyomavirus major capsid protein vp1 is capable of packaging cellular dna when expressed in the baculovirus system.	using the p2bac dual multiple cloning site transfer vector, the polyomavirus major capsid protein gene vp1 was cloned for expression in the baculovirus-insect cell expression system. the 5-day-infected cellular lysate from this recombinant preparation was purified by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. capsid-like particles were observed in the resulting preparation. the purified particle preparation was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was s ...	1997	9060642
characterization of the interaction between the baculovirus replication factors lef-1 and lef-2.	the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus has six genes required and three genes stimulatory for transient dna replication. we demonstrate that the products of two of these genes, lef-1 and lef-2, interact in both two-hybrid assays using saccharomyces cerevisiae and glutathione s-transferase fusion affinity assays. using yeast-two-hybrid assays, we mapped the interaction domain of lef-2 to amino acids between positions 20 and 60. extensive deletion analyses of lef-1 ...	1997	9060674
expression of rat steroid 5 alpha-reductase (isozyme-1) in spodoptera frugiperda, sf21, insect cells: expression of rat steroid 5 alpha-reductase.	the enzyme steroid 5 alpha-reductase (5 alpha r) catalyzes the reduction of testosterone (t) to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (dht). in this study, the baculovirus expression system was used to overexpress rat 5 alpha r type i isozyme (r5 alpha r 1). the full length of r5 alpha r1 cdna was inserted into the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ac-mnpv) genome and expressed in spodoptera frugiperda, sf 21, insect cells. the expressed recombinant r5 alpha-r1 showed maximal enzymatic ac ...	1997	9090798
[comparative characteristics of nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates from gypsy moth lymantria dispar l].	eight strains of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) were isolated from dead larvae in kirghizia and tyumen and novosibirsk districts. the strains were characterized in terms of polyhedron morphology, biological activity, virus production, and restriction analysis of dna. the isolated strains did not differ in size or shape of polyhedrons. npv strain nshn-2 was characterized by the highest biological activity (ld50 = 1.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(4) and maximum production: 7.3 x 10(8) pib/larva in c ...	1997	9103045
expression of foreign proteins on the surface of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	based on the method of direct cloning into the baculovirus genome by linearizing and re-ligation in presence of the target insert, we designed viral constructs that express foreign genes on the surface of baculovirus particles. we chose the glycosylated envelope protein gp41 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) as a model for displaying recombinant proteins on budded virus. the ectodomain of the envelope protein gp41 of hiv-1 was being fused to the entire baculovirus major coat protein ...	1997	9105625
n-terminal sequences from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus envelope proteins odv-e66 and odv-e25 are sufficient to direct reporter proteins to the nuclear envelope, intranuclear microvesicles and the envelope of occlusion derived virus.	baculovirus occlusion-derived virus (odv) derives its envelope from an intranuclear membrane source. n-terminal amino acid sequences of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) envelope proteins, odv-e66 and odv-e25 (23 and 24 amino acids, respectively) are highly hydrophobic. recombinant viruses that express the two n-terminal amino acid sequences fused to green fluorescent protein (23gfp or 24gfp) provided visual markers to follow protein transport and localization within ...	1997	9108103
organization and molecular characterization of genes in the polyhedrin region of the anagrapha falcifera multinucleocapsid npv.	a multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (mnpv) isolated from the celery looper, anagrapha falcifera, has been proposed as a new virus based on differences in virulence and dna fragment profiles between this isolate and the autographa californica mnpv, the mnpv type species. in the present study, we examined the relatedness of the afmnpv and acmnpv genomes by (1) southern hybridization, (2) comparison of their genetic organization in the polyhedrin gene region (acmnpv ecori-i fragment), an ...	1997	9125047
the sequence of the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome.	the nucleotide sequence of the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) genome was completed and analyzed. it is composed of 131,990 bases with a g + c content of 55% and contains 152 putative genes of 150 nucleotides or greater. major differences in gene content and arrangement between opmnpv and the autographa californica mnpv were found. these include the presence in opmnpv of three complete iap gene homologs, two conotoxin gene homologs, two protein tyrosine ...	1997	9126251
deletion analysis of four of eighteen late gene expression factor gene homologues of the baculovirus, bmnpv.	nucleotide sequence analysis of the genome of the baculovirus bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) identified 18 homologues of the autographa californica npv (acnpv) lefs (late expression factor genes). these bmnpv lefs showed high (73-98%) amino acid sequence identities to acnpv lefs and were localized to similar positions in the genome. one lef, p35, was previously characterized in acnpv and bmnpv deletion experiments. functional deletion of each of the bmnpv lef homologues was attem ...	1997	9126260
baculovirus-mediated trans-epithelial transport of proteins in infected caterpillars.	baculovirus-mediated abnormal protein trafficking was studied in infected caterpillars by using heterologous proteins. the gene for human complement c1r was expressed in larvae of mamestra brassicae by a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) vector. by following the time-course of recombinant c1r distribution among various tissues, cell types and cell organelles, we concluded that the dominant site of recombinant protein synthesis was the fat body, although some ...	1997	9129671
baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis functions at or upstream of the apoptotic suppressor p35 to prevent programmed cell death.	members of the inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) gene family prevent programmed cell death induced by multiple signals in diverse organisms, suggesting that they act at a conserved step in the apoptotic pathway. to investigate the molecular mechanism of iap function, we expressed epitope-tagged op-iap, the prototype viral iap from orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus, by using novel baculovirus recombinants and stably transfected insect cell lines. epitope-tagged op-iap blocked both virus- ...	1997	9151843
late promoter selection in the baculovirus gp64 envelope fusion protein gene.	the upstream promoter region of the autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) gp64 gene contains five copies of taag, the conserved sequence found at the transcriptional initiation sites of almost all baculovirus late genes. in acmnpv-infected sf9 cells, late transcription initiation is detected from only two upstream taag sites and not from three downstream taag sites. to examine several models for preferential taag site utilization, we constructed a series of recom ...	1997	9168879
loading of iron into recombinant rat liver ferritin heteropolymers by ceruloplasmin.	we have reported previously that the heavy chain of ferritin is required for iron incorporation by ceruloplasmin (j.-h. guo, m. abedi, and s. d. aust (1996) arch. biochem. biophys. 335(1)). the purpose of this study was to determine how many heavy chains were required for ceruloplasmin to interact with ferritin such that iron loading occurred. the cdna sequences encoding the heavy and light chains of rat liver ferritin were cloned into the baculovirus transfer vector pa-cuw51 under the control o ...	1997	9169016
[transgenerational transfer of gypsy moth (ocneria dispar l.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus].	gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus infects egg laying under natural conditions. the virus was identified by restriction endonucleases pst1, bamh1, and sal1.	1997	9182408
expression of lacz reporter gene under the control of the polyhedrin promoter of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	promoter function of the putative polyhedrin-encoding gene (polh) of spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (s1mnpv) was determined by transferring it to the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) through the acnpv polh based vector, pvl1393. three transfer vectors pcbt2, pcbt3 and pcbt4 were constructed by substituting the promoter and the neighbouring sequences of acnpv in pvl1393 by that of s1npv. the escherichia coli lacz gene was placed downstream from the s1npv po ...	1997	9185860
sequencing of the putative dna helicase-encoding gene of the bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and fine-mapping of a region involved in host range expansion.	the complete sequence of a 3666-nucleotide (nt) open reading frame (orf) and its flanking regions (58.1-62.1 map units (m.u.) from bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv)) was determined. this orf, bmnpv dnahel, encoded a predicted protein of 143623 da which possessed seven consensus motifs found in proteins which unwind duplex dnas, indicating that it is a dna helicase. a 572-bp saci-hindiii fragment, bmsch, that was previously shown to expand the host range of autographa californica npv ...	1997	9185864
heterologous promoter recognition leading to high-level expression of cloned foreign genes in bombyx mori cell lines and larvae.	the baculovirus expression system using the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) has been extensively utilized for high-level expression of cloned foreign genes, driven by the strong viral promoters of polyhedrin (polh) and p10 encoding genes. a parallel system using bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) is much less exploited because the choice and variety of bmnpv-based transfer vectors are limited. using a transient expression assay, we have demonstrated here tha ...	1997	9185865
identification and characterization of a baculovirus structural protein, vp1054, required for nucleocapsid formation.	the defect in a temperature-sensitive mutant of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, tsn1054, was mapped and characterized. at the nonpermissive temperature of 33 degrees c, this mutant fails to form plaques upon infection of sf-21 cultured insect cells; infection is limited to a single cell, even though the infection proceeds through the very late phase. marker rescue mapping and dna sequencing identified the gene, orf 54, which was altered by a single nucleotide substitution in t ...	1997	9188569
a mechanism for negative gene regulation in autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) ie-1 gene product (ie-1) is thought to play a central role in stimulating early viral transcription. ie-1 has been demonstrated to activate several early viral gene promoters and to negatively regulate the promoters of two other acmnpv regulatory genes, ie-0 and ie-2. our results indicate that ie-1 negatively regulates the expression of certain genes by binding directly, or as part of a complex, to promoter regions ...	1997	9188574
dna replication promotes high-frequency homologous recombination during autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection.	the relative ease with which foreign genes can be incorporated into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) indicates that a highly efficient recombinational process exists within infected cells. however, it is unclear whether this is due to marker transfer mediated by host cell enzymes or recombination events promoted by acmnpv itself. to address the latter possibility, a pair of inverted repeat is50 elements derived from the bacterial transposon ...	1997	9191843
baculovirus transactivator ie1 is functional in mammalian cells.	ie1 of autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus acts as a transactivator of several viral promoters in insect cells. transient expression assays indicate that ie1 is involved in the activation of the early promoter he65 in both insect tn-368 and mammalian bhk-21 cell lines. ie1 activation of the he65 promoter was compared with ie1 activation of the early 39k promoter. in contrast to the he65 promoter, the 39k promoter was not inducible by ie1 in bhk-21 cells.	1997	9191949
characterization of p91, a protein associated with virions of an orgyia pseudotsugata baculovirus.	polyclonal antiserum produced against preoccluded virions from the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) was used to screen an opmnpv lambda gt11 expression library. the insert from one of the immunoreactive phage isolates hybridized to opmnpv orf86 (p91), a 2460-bp (819 amino acids) open reading frame that encodes a predicted protein of 91 kda. antibodies generated against a maltose binding protein-p91 fusion detected a band of approximately 91 kda on wester ...	1997	9201231
differential requirements of two insect cell lines for growth in serum-free medium.	the development of a serum-free medium that supports the growth of cells from a spodoptera frugiperda and a lymantria dispar cell line is reported. a yeast hydrolysate provided the b-vitamin complex, and a combination of a meat hydrolysate and tryptose provided most of the free amino acids required for cell growth. supplemental cystine and methionine were required to achieve maximum cell growth. the serum or serum replacements used in earlier formulations were replaced with commercial lipid prep ...	1997	9201517
[expression of green fluorescent protein with baculovirus vector in insect cells].	the green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was subcloned into the transfer vector pvlneo downstream of the polyhedrin gene (ocu) promoter. insect cells were cotransfected with recombinant plasmid and autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) dna. in the presence of g418, the recombinant virus containing gfp gene was purified. the gfp expressed in insect cells with a mw of 30 kda is observable by strong green light under a fluorescent microscope. excitation and emission spectra of t ...	1997	9863195
characterization of recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) expressing the beta-galactosidase gene in both sf21 and bm5 cells by bombyx mori npv p143 helicase gene.	genomic dna of recombinant acnpv expressing beta-galactosidase was cotransfected with p143 helicase gene of bmnpv into sf21 cells. ac-bm hybrid viruses capable of replicating in both bm5 and sf21 cells were isolated. ac-bm hybrid viruses expressing beta-galactosidase either at the highest (ac-bm hybrid virus-he) or lowest (ac-bm hybrid virus-le) level were chosen for the characterization of beta-galactosidase expression in bm5 and sf21 cells. expression level of beta-galactosidase and replicatio ...	1997	9509418
[expression of cdna of human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit (beta-hcg) cdna in insect cells and effect of expressed product on mouse lymphocytes in vitro].	expression vector pvl 1393-hcg beta containing beta-hcg cdna has been constructed using an unfused protein nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) expression vector. the insect cells (sf 9) were cotransfected by the expression vector and nuclear polyhedrosis virus genomic dna, and recombinant virus acnpv-hcg beta was screened out, beta-hcg cdna was expressed in insect cells infected by recombinant virus and recombinant beta-hcg (r beta-hcg) was secreted into medium. the purity of r beta-hcg, purified ...	1996	9208644
genetic variability of four natural isolates of the stilpnotia salicis multiple-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	viral genome dna from four different multiple-enveloped nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates, obtained from naturally infected larvae of satin moth (stilpnotia salicis), a pest of poplar tree (populus) was analysed. larvae were collected over a period of 11 years, from 1978 to 1989. the genomic dna restriction patterns pointed to heterogeneity of these wild-type viruses. the differences observed in isolates of several years revealed limited restriction fragment length polymorphism and showed that ...	1996	9104499
nucleotide sequence, insertional mutagenesis, and transcriptional mapping of a conserved region of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (map unit 64.8-66.9).	the nucleotide sequence of a 2773-bp region of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus hr3 variant (acmnpv) (map unit 64.4-68.2) has been determined. this region lies between the previously analyzed p6.9 and p80 genes. three open reading frames were contained within this region, potentially coding for proteins of 45, 40, and 12 kda. the 5' ends of transcripts capable of coding for the 45- and 12-kda proteins map to consensus baculovirus late transcription start sites (ataag), while ...	1996	8989865
abortive infection of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus in sf-9 cells after mutation of the putative dna helicase gene.	homologous recombination between the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome and a 0.6-kbp-long dna fragment derived from the putative dna helicase gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus generates eh2-acnpv, an expanded-host-range acnpv mutant (s. maeda, s.g. kamita, and a. kondo, j. virol. 67:6234-6238, 1993). after inoculation at a high multiplicity of infection (moi), eh2-acnpv replicates efficiently in both the sf-9 (acnpv-permissive) and bmn (non-acnpv-permi ...	1996	8709251
the genes encoding the p39 and cg30 proteins of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	we have cloned and analysed the transcriptional properties of two closely linked genes, p39 and cg30, of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv). these genes encode a structural polypeptide and a putative transcriptional regulator of the virus, respectively. the cg30 gene is transcribed prior to and after dna replication from a site located within the orf of the adjacent p39 gene. its transcription product, a 1.3 kb mrna, is polyadenylated at a site containing consensus eukaryotic polyade ...	1996	9000108
human cathepsin o2, a matrix protein-degrading cysteine protease expressed in osteoclasts. functional expression of human cathepsin o2 in spodoptera frugiperda and characterization of the enzyme.	cathepsin o2, a human cysteine protease predominantly present in osteoclasts, has been functionally expressed in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells using the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. following in vitro activation at ph 4.0 with pepsin, active enzyme with an apparent molecular weight of 29,000 was obtained. n-terminal sequencing revealed the typical processing site for cysteine proteases of the papain family with a proline in the position adjacent to the n-terminal alanine ...	1996	8567669
identification and analysis of an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus structural protein of the occlusion-derived virus envelope: odv-e56.	an autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene encoding an occlusion-derived virus (odv) envelope protein of 56 kda was identified and sequenced. transcription initiates from a conserved baculovirus late motif (ataag) with transcripts detected from 16 through 72 hr p.i. the protein is detected in infected cell extracts from 36 hr p.i. western blot assay of odv, bv, viral envelope, and nucleocapsid preparations coupled with immunoelectron microscopy reveal that this protein localizes t ...	1996	8599240
baculovirus replication alters hormone-regulated host development.	the baculovirus lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus interferes with insect larval development by altering the host's hormonal system. the level of haemolymph ecdysteroids, the insect moulting hormone, was found to be higher in virus-infected larvae than in uninfected controls. this was consistently observed in both fourth instars and day 5-infected fifth instars. the rate of hormone synthesis was examined by in vitro incubation of the prothoracic gland. gland activity in virus-infected l ...	1996	8601794
actin binding and proteolysis by the baculovirus acmnpv: the role of virion-associated v-cath.	infection of larvae by autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) results in liquefaction of susceptible hosts, presumably due to the breakdown of cells and extracellular matrices. in spodoptera frugiperda tissue culture cells, infection leads to dramatic rearrangement and eventual destruction of the actin cytoskeleton. the first of these rearrangements is the formation of actin cables in the cytoplasm of the cell. cable formation requires release of the budded virus (bv) nucle ...	1996	8607267
baculovirus infection of spodoptera exigua larvae: lacz expression driven by promoters of early genes pe38 and me53 in larval tissue.	to follow the progression of infection of autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) within tissues of its larval host, we have constructed acmnpv recombinants carrying lacz reporter genes under the control of the early virus promoters pe38 and me53, in addition to the authentic genes. the early promoter-lacz gene cassettes were located upstream of the very late polyhedrin gene. in infected insect cell lines, pe38 transcription is initiated at an early promoter, while ...	1996	8609477
the dna polymerase and helicase genes of a baculovirus of orgyia pseudosugata.	regions of the genome of the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) containing the dna polymerase and helicase genes were sequenced. the dna polymerase and helicase genes encode predicted proteins of 985 (112.6 kda) and 1223 (140.5 kda) amino acids and exhibited 63 % and 59 % amino acid identity, respectively, with their homologues in the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv). the influence of sequence variation between the opmnpv and acmnpv dna polymerase and ...	1996	8609478
studies of choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus gene expression in insect cells.	to investigate the mechanisms regulating baculovirus virulence and host range we have begun to study choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus (cfmnpv) and its gene expression in permissive and nonpermissive cells. we have identified and mapped three genes on the cfmnpv genome. the polyhedrin gene is located from 0.0 to 2.0 m.u. and two other genes, dnapol and p143, both of which are essential for baculovirus dna replication, are located from 35.3 to 40.9 m.u. and 55.5 to 63.4 m.u., re ...	1996	8610448
purification of a virus-induced rna polymerase from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells that accurately initiates late and very late transcription in vitro.	the virus-induced rna polymerase from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells was separated from the three host nuclear rna polymerases by deae-sephadex chromatography and then purified through two more steps: heparin-agarose chromatography and glycerol gradient ultracentrifugation. fractions from each of these purification steps have been assayed in vitro for the ability to perform accurate initiation of transcription on a late (p6.9) and a very la ...	1996	8614978
trans-activation of a cell housekeeping gene promoter by the ie1 gene product of baculoviruses.	protein ie1 is the product of a baculovirus gene, ie1, that is activated immediately upon entrance of the viral genome into the cell nucleus. this protein was previously shown to be a trans-regulator of viral genes whose products are required for initiation of the infectious cycle including viral dna replication. to test whether the ie1 protein is also capable of trans-regulating nuclear genes of the host in vitro and in vivo, we transfected the ie1 gene of bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus ...	1996	8615012
characterization of a highly conserved baculovirus structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virions.	a highly conserved baculovirus late gene called odvp-6e was shown to be a structural protein that is specific for occlusion-derived virus (odv) envelopes. the complete sequence of this gene is presented for both orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) and cydia pomonella granulosis virus (cpgv). the predicted sizes of the opmnpv and cpgv odvp-6e are 40, 241, and 38,655 respectively. the opmnpv odvp-6e gene was transcriptionally mapped and was shown to initiate from a consensus l ...	1996	8615018
the viral ubiquitin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus is not essential for viral replication.	the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) encodes a protein with significant homology to ubiquitin. to study the role of viral ubiquitin in infection, a recombinant virus was constructed with a frameshift mutation within the coding sequence of the viral ubiquitin gene, v-ubi. this recombinant, named vubi-fs, was viable, indicating that viral ubiquitin is not essential for replication in tissue culture. however, the yields of infectious budded virus were decreased ...	1996	8615029
functional expression of the aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system.	a dna fragment encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) was isolated via pcr from a jellyfish aequorea victoria cdna, cloned and sequenced. subsequently, a recombinant baculovirus bearing the coding region of the gfp under the transcriptional control of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) polyhedrin gene promoter was constructed and isolated. high-level expression of gfp could be easily monitored in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells after infection with reco ...	1996	8619796
physical map of anagrapha falcifera multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a physical map of anagrapha falcifera multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (afmnpv) dna was constructed for restriction endonucleases ecori, hindiii, psti and xhoi. the genome size was estimated to be 130 kbp. ordering of the restriction fragments was accomplished by cross-blot hybridization, double digestion and dna-dna hybridization. the polyhedrin gene and homologous repeat (hr) regions were located by hybridization to the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) polyhedrin gene and hr4, ...	1996	8627218
baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells.	this paper describes the use of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) as a vector for gene delivery into mammalian cells. a modified acmnpv virus was prepared that carried the escherichia coli lacz reporter gene under control of the rous sarcoma virus promoter and mammalian rna processing signals. this modified baculovirus was then used to infect a variety of mammalian cell lines. after infection of the human liver cell lines hepg2, >25% of the cells ...	1996	8637876
human bleomycin hydrolase: molecular cloning, sequencing, functional expression, and enzymatic characterization.	we have cloned the cdna of human bleomycin hydrolase (hbh), a protease which is thought to be involved in the metabolic inactivation of the antineoplastic drug bleomycin. the open reading frame consists of 1365 base pairs and is predicted to encode a 52 kda protein. the protein shares 40% identity with yeast bleomycin hydrolase and contains the conserved active site residues (cys, his, asn) characteristic for cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily. human bleomycin hydrolase has been functi ...	1996	8639621
cloning and biologic activities of a bovine interferon-alpha isolated from the epithelium of a rotavirus-infected calf.	a cdna encoding a distinct bovine (bo) interferon (ifn) alpha, designated boifn-alpha e, was generated from gut epithelial cells isolated from a rotavirus-infected calf. the boifn-alpha e cdna sequence shared a greater than 90% identity with the other boifn-alpha subtypes. the cdna encoding boifn-alpha e has been expressed in insect cells using the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) as a vector. insect cells infected with recombinant virus secreted a protein w ...	1996	8640447
identification of baculovirus gene that promotes autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in a nonpermissive insect cell line.	a gene that promotes autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) replication in iplb-ld652y cells, a cell line that is nonpermissive for acmnpv, was identified in lymantria dispar m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv). cotransfection of acmnpv dna and a plasmid carrying the ldmnpv gene into iplb-ld652y cells results in acmnpv replication. the gene maps between 43.3 and 43.8 map units on the 162-kbp genome of ldmnpv. it comprises a 218-codon open reading frame and encodes a polyp ...	1996	8642646
factors regulating baculovirus late and very late gene expression in transient-expression assays.	eighteen genes of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus are necessary and sufficient to transactivate expression from the late vp39 promoter in transient-expression assays in sf-21 cells. these 18 genes, known as late expression factor genes (lefs), are also required to transactivate the very late promoter of the polyhedrin gene, polh, but expression from this promoter is relatively weak compared with expression from the vp39 promoter. to further define the factors required for late ...	1996	8642657
cloning and expression of apoptosis inhibitory protein homologs that function to inhibit apoptosis and/or bind tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors.	baculovirus inhibitors of apoptosis (iaps) act in insect cells to prevent cell death. here we describe three mammalian homologs of iap, miha, mihb, and mihc, and a drosophila iap homolog, diha. each protein bears three baculovirus iap repeats and an n-terminal ring finger motif. apoptosis mediated by interleukin 1beta converting enzyme (ice), which can be inhibited by orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus iap (opiap) and cowpox virus crma, was also inhibited by miha and mihb. as mihb a ...	1996	8643514
a new set of versatile vectors for the heterologous expression of foreign genes using the baculovirus system.	a new set of versatile advanced baculovirus (bv) vectors for the production of fused proteins in insect cells, under the control of the strong polyhedrin promoter of the autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv), has been constructed. the vectors contain peptide tags which allow immunological detection, as well as purification of recombinant protein produced via the bv expression system.	1996	8647444
a recombination-efficient baculovirus vector for simultaneous expression of multiple genes.	the baculovirus system is an extremely powerful tool for expression of heterologous genes in eukaryotic environment. a multiple expression vector, pbacucmp3, was constructed which harbored two copies of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus very late gene promoter and the drosophila melanogaster 70-kda heat-shock protein (hsp70) promoter with downstream unique restriction sites for cloning of three independent foreign genes. co-transfection of pbacucmp3 with bsu36i-linearized vir ...	1996	8666274
the gp64 envelope fusion protein is an essential baculovirus protein required for cell-to-cell transmission of infection.	to demonstrate the essential nature of the baculovirus gp64 envelope fusion protein (gp64 efp) and to further examine the role of this protein in infection, we inactivated the gp64 efp gene of autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) and examined the biological properties of this virus in vivo. to provide gp64 efp during construction of the recombinant gp64 efp-null acmnpv baculovirus, we first generated a stably transfected insect cell line (sfpop64-6) that constit ...	1996	8676487
a variable region of anticarsia gemmatalis nuclear polyhedrosis virus contains tandemly repeated dna sequences.	a variable region (psti-t fragment) of two genotypic variants of the anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (agmnpv) was sequenced and compared. this region, which is known to have deletions and duplications in agmnpv variants, was shown to be formed of units of a 127 bp tandemly repeated sequence containing two 30 bp imperfect palindromes. southern blot experiments showed that the psti-t fragment contained one of the four homologous regions mapped interspersed in ...	1996	8738171
[heterologous protein expression in the baculovirus vector system: the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of malacosoma neustria in antheraea pernyi cells].	the results of the creation of new expressive system on malacosoma neustria nuclear polyhedrosis virus and cell line originated from antheraea pernyi tissues was demonstrated. the expression of bacterial beta-galactosidase-coding gene was analyzed in this system.	1996	8743017
construction of an insecticidal baculovirus expressing insect-specific neurotoxin aait.	considering the factors which affect gene transcription, translation and the stability of mrna, without changing the amino acid composition of the encoded polypeptide, aait gene encoding insect-specific neurotoxin was designed and synthesized according to bias in codon choice, overall g+c content and g+c content of bases at the third position in codons of polyhedrin genes of baculovirus and of plant genes as well. aait gene was fused behind a synthetic gp67 signal sequence and then recombined in ...	1996	8760466
species-specific effects of the hcf-1 gene on baculovirus virulence.	the host cell-specific factor 1 gene (hcf-1) of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) is required for the efficient replication and/or stability of reporter plasmids carrying an acmnpv-derived origin of dna replication in a cell-specific manner; hcf-1 is required for reporter plasmid replication or stability in tn-368 cells, a cell line derived from the cabbage looper trichoplusia ni, but not in iplb-sf-21 (sf-21) cells, a cell line derived from the fall army ...	1996	8764020
preparation and characterization of two human carcinoembryonic antigen family proteins of neutrophils, cd66b and c, in silkworm larvae.	as a step to investigate the cell adhesion mechanism and physiological roles of two cd66 antigens in human neutrophils, carcinoembryonic antigen gene family member 6 (cgm6, cd66b) and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (nca, cd66c), we prepared their soluble recombinant forms in silkworm larvae. each cdna fragment for cgm6 and nca was ligated into the transfer vector pbk283 after modification to encode the protein lacking the membrane anchor. the resultant vectors were introduced to the bombyx m ...	1996	8776764
green fluorescent protein as a tool for screening recombinant baculoviruses.	the gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (gfp) from the jellyfish aequorea victoria, ligated to the honeybee melittin signal peptide-encoding sequence, was inserted under transcriptional control of the polyhedrin promoter of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus and expressed in the spodoptera frugiperda insect cell line sf9 during viral infection. the recombinant green fluorescent protein was identified by sds-page gel electrophoresis followed by coomassie blue staining o ...	1996	8793839
dynamic phosphorylation of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus pp31.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) pp31 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that accumulates in the virogenic stroma, which is the viral replication center in the infected-cell nucleus, binds to dna, and serves as a late expression factor. considering that reversible phosphorylation could influence its functional properties, we examined phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of pp31 in detail. our results showed that pp31 is posttranslationally phosphorylated by both cellular and ...	1996	8794314
initiation of baculovirus dna replication: early promoter regions can function as infection-dependent replicating sequences in a plasmid-based replication assay.	from the results of transient plasmid-based replication assays, it has been postulated that homologous regions (hrs) of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) function as origins of viral dna replication. however, these assays vary in specificity according to the methodology used and may not be dependent solely on the presence of hr sequences. to determine the role that hrs and other sequences might play in the replication process, a series of plasmids containing specific del ...	1996	8794340
induction of apoptosis by baculovirus transactivator ie1.	apoptosis is induced upon infection of sf-21 cells by mutants of the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) lacking a functional p35 gene which encodes a stoichiometric inhibitor of members of the interleukin-1beta converting enzyme family of cysteine proteases (n.j. bump et al, science 269:1885-1888, 1995; r.j. clem, m. fechheimer, and l.k. miller, science 254:1388-1390, 1991). we found that transfection of sf-21 cells with the acmnpv ie-1 gene was sufficient to ...	1996	8794358
restriction endonuclease analysis of a spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) isolate.	the dna of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) propagated in the larvae of s. litura was analysed with alui, apai, bamhi, bglii, bsteii, bstni, clai, ecori, ecorv, hindiii, hinfi, kpni, mspi, psti, pvuii, sali, sau3ai, smai, taqi, xbai, and xhoi. the unique restriction endonuclease profiles of the virus indicate it to be a distinct npv isolate. the size of the viral genome was estimated to 132 kbp; the genome was mapped with hindiii and psti.	1996	8799322
transcription, translation, and cellular localization of three autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus structural proteins: odv-e18, odv-e35, and odv-ec27.	this paper identifies two structural proteins of the occluded derived viral envelope of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv): odv-e18 and odv-e35. in addition, we identify a protein, odv-ec27, that is incorporated into the capsid of occluded virus, which is not detected in budded virus. the genes for these proteins reside within the ie0 intron. the intron was sequenced, and five open reading frames (orf) were identified. orf 3 (genomic orf 143) codes for the odv envelope pr ...	1996	8806491
cfmnpv blocks acmnpv-induced apoptosis in a continuous midgut cell line.	morphological and molecular changes produced by autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) infection in a permissive cell line, iplb-sf-21ae (sf-21), of spodoptera frugiperda and a nonpermissive cell line, fpmi-cf-203 (cf-203), of choristoneura fumiferana are described. cf-203 cells inoculated with acmnpv showed a dna ladder and morphological changes such as plasma membrane granulation, blebbing, and nuclear fragmentation, which are characteristic of apoptosis. typical virus repl ...	1996	8806500
mapping functional domains in acmnpv pp31.	autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) replicates in the nucleus and produces a viral-modified form of the nuclear matrix called the virogenic stroma. the virogenic stroma is the site of viral dna packaging and nucleocapsid assembly and is thought to be the site of viral dna replication and rna transcription. acmnpv encodes a phosphoprotein, pp31, which localizes to the nucleus of uninfected insect cells and to the virogenic stroma of infected insect cells. pp31 has dna bindi ...	1996	8806516
identification, molecular cloning, and transcription analysis of the choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus spindle-like protein gene.	the choristoneura fumiferana nuclear polyhedrosis virus spindle-like protein (slp) gene has been identified and localized immediately downstream and in the same orientation as the cfmnpv dna polymerase gene. the slp gene is 1101 bp long, predicted to code for a 366 amino acid (42.1 kda) polypeptide. transcriptional analysis revealed that the cfmnpv slp gene is expressed at late times postinfection, beginning at 24 hr postinfection and is most abundantly expressed after 36 hr. transcription initi ...	1996	8806578
in vitro characterization of a trichoplusia ni single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a trichoplusia ni single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (tnsnpv) isolate was cloned and its replication studied in the bti-tn-5b1-4 insect cell line. the bti-tn-5b1-4 cells were highly susceptible to tnsnpv infection, with 99% of the cells containing viable polyhedra by 30 h post-inoculation. viral dna synthesis was detected by 9 h post-infection (p.i.). infectious budded virus (bv) was first detected at 13 h p.i. and reached an average maximum titre of 3.875 x 10(6) p.f.u./ml 27 h p.i. ...	1996	8811031
continuous cell line from pupal ovary of perina nuda (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) that is permissive to nuclear polyhedrosis virus from p. nuda	a continuous cell line, designated ntu-pn-hh, was established from the pupal ovary of perina nuda fabricius (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). the cells have been through more than 300 passages during 4 years in tnm-fh medium supplemented with 10% fbs, at a constant temperature of 28°c. the cell line consists of four major morphologic types: polymorphic cells, spindle-shaped cells, round cells, and squamous cells. the characterization of this cell line showed that ntu-pn-hh is a newly established ...	1996	8812599
expression and analysis of a bacterial poly(hydroxyalkanoate) synthase in insect cells using a baculovirus system.	an improved method for expression of poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate (pha) synthase from alcaligenes eutrophus has been developed using the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) in bti-tn-5b1-4 trichoplusia ni cells which results in high level production of active pha synthase. confirmation of expression of authentic pha synthase was obtained by western analysis which also revealed the presence of several apparent proteolytic cleavage products. n-terminal sequence dat ...	1996	8812862
secretion of green fluorescent protein from recombinant baculovirus-infected insect cells.	trichoplusia ni (high five) and spodoptera frugiperda (sf21) cells were engineered for expression of epitope (flag)-tagged signal peptide-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusions to examine the suitability of gfp as a secretory marker. the recombinant baculovirus-infected cells became fluorescent, and the high five cells but not sf21 cells secreted gfp in the culture medium as detected by the presence in the culture supernatant of a flag-immunoreactive 30-kda species and the characteristic 510-nm ...	1996	8831686
bifunctionality of the acmnpv homologous region sequence (hr1): enhancer and ori functions have different sequence requirements.	the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) homologous region sequence hr1 is a putative origin of replication (ori) sequence and can also function as a transcriptional enhancer for delayed-early genes. we demonstrate that this 750-bp sequence, carrying five 28-bp core palin-dromes, enhances expression from the very late polyhedrin promoter up to 11-fold in a classical enhancer fashion in transient expression assays. enhancement is at the level of transcripti ...	1996	8836032
expression of human growth hormone in silkworm larvae through recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	we have generated a recombinant bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus, vbmhgh, harboring the full length human growth hormone gene (2.4-kb genomic dna, with four introns and the signal peptide sequences) under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. bmn cells in culture infected with the recombinant virus showed the presence of rna corresponding to the authentic growth hormone mrna as well as its incompletely processed precusor. electrophoretic analysis and immunoprecipitation of proteins of re ...	1996	8860651
temperature-sensitive mutations in the protein kinase-1 (pk-1) gene of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus that block very late gene expression.	we have developed a genetic screen for temperature-sensitive mutations in the very late transcription apparatus of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this method starts with the bacpaks virus, which has the escherichia coli lacz gene under the control of the very late polyhedrin promoter. the desired mutants are temperature-sensitive for beta-galactosidase production and can be complemented by wild-type virus, which lacks the lacz gene. two mutants created by nitrosoguanidine ...	1996	8862393
structure-function analysis of the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus homologous region palindromes.	homologous regions (hrs), which are present at eight dispersed locations on the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus genome, are composed of repeated imperfect palindromes within directly repeated sequences. hrs act as transcriptional enhancers of rna polymerase ii-mediated transcription and as origins of dna replication when incorporated into plasmids and tested in transient replication assays. to characterize the physical structure of these elements and to determ ...	1996	8862418
a 38-kda host factor interacts with functionally important motifs within the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus homologous region (hr1) dna sequence.	we recently demonstrated that the autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus homologous region (hr1) enhances transcription from the viral polyhedrin promoter and also functions as a putative origin of replication (ori). hr1, carrying five 28-base pair core palindrome units, has also been mapped with respect to its enhancer and ori functions (habib, s., pandey, s., chatterji, u., burma, s., ahmad, r., jain, a., and hasnain, s. e. (1996) dna cell biol. 15, 737-747). a 38- ...	1996	8910443
a baculovirus vector derived from immediately early gene promoter of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.	a transfer vector was constructed in which the neomycin resistance (neo) gene was under the control of a copy of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) ie1 gene promoter at the p10 locus. after cotransfection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells with the transfer vector and infectious acmnpv dna, the recombinant virus-containing neo gene was selected by serial passage of the mixed progenies from cotransfection. this was done at low moi in the presence of g418 in growth medium ...	1996	8910650
expression and loading of recombinant heavy and light chain homopolymers of rat liver ferritin.	the full-length genes for the heavy (h) and light (l) chains of ferritin isolated from a rat liver cdna library were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. each was inserted at the unique bglii site downstream of the p10 promoter of the baculovirus transfer vector pacuw21. the genes were transferred separately to infectious autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) expression vectors after in vivo homologous recombination. ferritin homopolymers of either h or l chain were exp ...	1996	8914851
overexpression of actin in acmnpv-infected cells interferes with polyhedrin synthesis and polyhedra formation.	autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) terminates host protein synthesis during the late stage of infection, at approximately 14 hr postinfection (hpi). if infection takes place in the presence of cytochalasin d (cd), however, host actin synthesis is transiently stimulated and continues to be synthesized until approximately 30 hpi, and the hyperexpression of polyhedrin is delayed from about 20 hpi until about 36 hpi (s. n. talhouk and l. e. volkman, virology 182, 626-634, 1 ...	1996	8918923
cloning and sequencing of the gene for an enhancing factor from pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus.	an enhancing factor (ef) has been shown to increase the susceptibility of the armyworm, pseudaletia separata, to this nuclear polyhedrosis virus. using amino acid microsequencing data obtained from the purified ef protein, we cloned and sequenced the gene for ef. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited a significant similarity to major spindle proteins, fusolins, whose function is unknown, from heliothis armigera, choristoneura biennis and melolontha melolontha entomopoxviruses.	1996	8921880
gene transfer into hepatocytes and human liver tissue by baculovirus vectors.	gene therapy of liver diseases requires the development of efficient vectors for gene transfer in vivo. retroviral and adenoviral vectors have been shown to deliver genes efficiently into hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo. however, these vectors do not allow for exclusive infection of the liver which would be highly advantageous for in vivo gene therapy strategies. we have recently demonstrated that genetically modified baculoviruses (autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) efficiently ...	1996	8930653
the role of the acmnpv 25k gene, "fp25," in baculovirus polh and p10 expression.	a previous study showed that an autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) 25k mutant produced less polyhedrin protein than wild-type (jarvis et al., j. virol. 66, 6903-6911, 1992). in this study, the role of the 25k gene product (acmnpv orf 61) in baculovirus gene expression was further investigated. five different viral 25k mutants expressed lower levels of polyhedrin protein and less cat activity under the control of the polh promoter compared to wild-type. polh rn ...	1996	8941320
inhibition of interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme-mediated apoptosis of mammalian cells by baculovirus iap.	apoptosis can be a potent weapon against viral infection and consequently has selected for viruses carrying antiapoptosis genes. two baculovirus proteins, iap and p35, can prevent insect cells from dying in response to infection. p35, which interferes with members of the ced-3 family of cysteine proteases, can also function in mammalian cells. we investigated the ability of iap from orgyia pseudotsugata nuclear polyhedrosis virus to prevent death of mammalian cells. iap was transiently expressed ...	1996	8943013
effects of viral inhibitors of apoptosis in models of mammalian cell death.	apoptotic cell death is used as a defence against infection by viruses. to counter this protective mechanism, some viruses carry genes whose products can inhibit progression of the apoptotic process in the host cell. as it is clear that the core cell death mechanisms have been conserved through evolution, viral genes from various sources can be used to unravel these mechanisms in mammalian cells. we have produced transgenic mice that express the cowpox gene crma in their t cell compartment, and ...	1996	8950470
expression of biologically active human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the silkworm (bombyx mori).	using virus derived from bombyx mori (silkworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (bmnpv), we constructed an infectious recombinant virus carrying the human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hgm-csf) cdna placed downstream from the polyhedrin promoter. the bmn cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus bmnpv-gm-csf expressed recombinant (r)hgm-csf up to 3.9 x 10(5) colony-formation units/ml in the medium. the maximum activity of rhgm-csf was 4.3 x 10(6) colony-formation units/ml in ...	1996	8969454
activity and persistence of steinernema carpocapsae and spodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis virus against s. exigua larvae on soybean.	experiments were conducted to assess the effects of the entomopathogenic nematode steinernema carpocapsae and spodoptera exigua multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (semnpv), alone and in combinations, on mortality of the beet armyworm, s. exigua, larvae on soybean. in 1991 tests, field-grown soybean plants were treated with s. carpocapsae at 0.3 and 0.6 nematodes/cm(2) of leaflet, semnpv at 20 and 40 polyhedral inclusion bodies (pib)/cm(2), and all possible combinations. treated leaflet ...	1996	19277347
expression of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 in bombyx mori larvae and its purification.	recombinant bm-bacpak-bmp2 virus which contains the human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) cdna gene under the control of polyhedrin gene promoter was generated by cotransfection into bm-n cells with the transfer plasmid pbacpak-bmp2 and the modified bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus bm-bacpak genomic dna. on the fifth day after infection with the recombinant virus, bombyx mori larvae produced about 10 &mgr;g rbmp2 in 1 ml hemolymph. the expressed rbmp2 was processed into 16 kd c-termina ...	1996	12232629
sequencing and structural analysis of a novel early-late gene of the leucania separata nuclear polyhedrosis virus.		1996	12237712
molecular structure of a proteolytic fragment of tlp20.	myosin light-chain kinase is responsible for the phosphorylation of myosin in smooth muscle cells. in some tissue types, the c-terminal portion of this large enzyme is expressed as an independent protein and has been given the name telokin. recently, an antibody directed against telokin was found to interact with a protein derived from the baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. this protein was biochemically characterized and given the name tlp20 for telokin-like protein ...	1996	15299576
in vivo production, stabilization, and infectivity of baculovirus preoccluded virions.	wild-type and polyhedrin-negative isolates of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were replicated in fifth-instar trichoplusia ni larvae. insect tissues infected with wild-type virus contained two types of virions that are highly infectious when ingested, those occluded in polyhedra and preoccluded virions. tissue infected with the polyhedrin-negative virus contained only preoccluded virions. the relative potencies of the two types of infected tissue were determined by dose-mortali ...	1996	16535202
biosynthesis and localization of the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus 25k gene product.	mutations of the acmnpv 25k gene are associated with the "few polyhedra" phenotype (m. j. fraser et al., 1983, j. virol. 47, 287-300; b. beames and m. d. summers, 1989, virology 168, 344-353). polyclonal antisera was produced and used to investigate the time course of expression and localization of the 25k protein in infected cells. western blot analysis detected 25k protein in both cytosolic and nuclear extracts from 18-24 hr p.i. through 96 hr p.i. and also in purified viral occlusions, but no ...	1995	11831709
passage of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus through the midgut epithelium of spodoptera exigua larvae.	a special recombinant of autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was designed to study the early histopathological events of baculovirus infection in spodoptera exigua larvae. this recombinant contained a drosophila melanogaster heat shock 70 promoter driving an escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lac-z) reporter gene to monitor the presence of early viral gene expression and a second reporter gene, the e. coli beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene, under control of the ve ...	1995	11831715