Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| dogs have the most neurons, though not the largest brain: trade-off between body mass and number of neurons in the cerebral cortex of large carnivoran species. | carnivorans are a diverse group of mammals that includes carnivorous, omnivorous and herbivorous, domesticated and wild species, with a large range of brain sizes. carnivory is one of several factors expected to be cognitively demanding for carnivorans due to a requirement to outsmart larger prey. on the other hand, large carnivoran species have high hunting costs and unreliable feeding patterns, which, given the high metabolic cost of brain neurons, might put them at risk of metabolic constrain ... | 2017 | 29311850 |
| trichinella spp. biomass has increased in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in estonia. | raccoon dogs and red foxes are well-adapted hosts for trichinella spp. the aims of this study were to estimate trichinella infection prevalence and biomass and to investigate which trichinella species circulated in these indicator hosts in estonia. | 2017 | 29246168 |
| mammal decline, linked to invasive burmese python, shifts host use of vector mosquito towards reservoir hosts of a zoonotic disease. | invasive apex predators have profound impacts on natural communities, yet the consequences of these impacts on the transmission of zoonotic pathogens are unexplored. collapse of large- and medium-sized mammal populations in the florida everglades has been linked to the invasive burmese python, python bivittatus kuhl. we used historic and current data to investigate potential impacts of these community effects on contact between the reservoir hosts (certain rodents) and vectors of everglades viru ... | 2017 | 28978755 |
| toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and genotype diversity in select wildlife species from the southeastern united states. | toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite that infects humans and other animals. previous studies indicate some genotypes of t. gondii are more frequently isolated in wildlife than agricultural animals, suggesting a wild/feral animal diversity model. to determine seroprevalence and genetic diversity of t. gondii in southeastern us wildlife, we collected sera from 471 wild animals, including 453 mammals and 18 birds, between 2011 and 2014. these serum samples were assayed for t. gondii ... | 2017 | 29061166 |
| protection of bats (eptesicus fuscus) against rabies following topical or oronasal exposure to a recombinant raccoon poxvirus vaccine. | rabies is an ancient neglected tropical disease that causes tens of thousands of human deaths and millions of cattle deaths annually. in order to develop a new vaccine for potential use in bats, a reservoir of rabies infection for humans and animals alike, an in silico antigen designer tool was used to create a mosaic glycoprotein (mog) gene using available sequences from the rabies phylogroup i glycoprotein. this sequence, which represents strains more likely to occur in bats, was cloned into r ... | 2017 | 28976983 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of protoparvoviruses infecting wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in british columbia, canada. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) belong to the species carnivore protoparvovirus 1. while fpv has been endemic in cats for many years, cpv-2 emerged at the end of the 1970s and 3 antigenic variants (cpv-2a, b and c) are currently circulating in domestic and wild animals. although raccoons played a fundamental role in the emergence of cpv-2a in dogs, knowledge about protoparvoviruses in these animals is still limited. we investigated 72 raccoons found dead or injur ... | 2017 | 28947335 |
| efficacy of the oral rabies virus vaccine strain spbn gasgas in foxes and raccoon dogs. | to test the immunogenicity and efficacy of a new oral rabies virus vaccine strain spbn gasgas in wildlife target species, one group of foxes and two groups of raccoon dogs were offered a bait containing 1.7 ml of the vaccine (106.6 ffu/ml; 106.8 ffu/dose) and subsequently challenged approximately 180 days later with a fox rabies virus isolate. one group of raccoon dogs (n=30) received the same challenge dose (100.7 micld50/ml) as the red foxes (n=29). the other group with raccoon dogs (n=28) tog ... | 2017 | 29042202 |
| oral vaccination of wildlife using a vaccinia-rabies-glycoprotein recombinant virus vaccine (raboral v-rg®): a global review. | raboral v-rg® is an oral rabies vaccine bait that contains an attenuated ("modified-live") recombinant vaccinia virus vector vaccine expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein gene (v-rg). approximately 250 million doses have been distributed globally since 1987 without any reports of adverse reactions in wildlife or domestic animals since the first licensed recombinant oral rabies vaccine (orv) was released into the environment to immunize wildlife populations against rabies. v-rg is genetically ... | 2017 | 28938920 |
| canine distemper in a vaccinated snow leopard ( panthera uncia). | a 6-yr-old male snow leopard ( panthera uncia) presented with acute seizures, hyperthermia, and tachypnea. because of a diagnosis of anuric renal failure, the animal was euthanized. on histopathologic examination, numerous intralesional intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions were found in the lungs, lymph nodes, and stomach. positive immunohistochemical staining for canine distemper virus (cdv) was found in the lungs and, to a lesser extent, in the lymph nodes and brain. molecular testing ... | 2017 | 29297812 |
| distribution and host associations of ixodid ticks collected from wildlife in florida, usa. | a tick survey was conducted to document tick-host associations with florida (usa) wildlife, and to determine the relative abundance and distribution of ixodid ticks throughout the state. the survey was conducted using collection kits distributed to licensed florida hunters as well as the examination of archived specimens from ongoing state wildlife research programs. collected tick samples were obtained from 66% of florida counties and were collected from nine wildlife hosts, including black bea ... | 2017 | 29110170 |
| molecular identification of selected tick-borne pathogens in wild deer and raccoon dogs from the republic of korea. | in this study, we investigated tick-borne pathogens in blood samples collected from 34 wild animals from six different regions in the republic of korea, including 18 korean water deer (hydropotes inermis argyropus), 15 korean raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis), and one roe deer (capreolus capreolus). polymerase chain reaction revealed anaplasma spp. infection in 11 korean water deer, one roe deer, and one korean raccoon dog. theileria spp. infection was detected in 14 korean water ... | 2017 | 31014652 |
| progress towards bait station integration into oral rabies vaccination programs in the united states: field trials in massachusetts and florida. | bait stations for distribution of oral rabies vaccine baits are designed for rabies management in highly-developed areas where traditional distribution of oral rabies vaccine baits may be difficult. as part of national efforts to contain and eliminate the raccoon (procyon lotor) variant of the rabies virus (raccoon rabies) in the eastern united states, the united states department of agriculture, animal and plant health inspection service, wildlife services program, distributed vaccine baits by ... | 2017 | 30270897 |
| atypical fatal sarcocystosis associated with sarcocystis neurona in a white-nosed coati (nasua narica molaris). | the protozoan parasite sarcocystis neurona is an important cause of disease in horses (equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, epm) and marine mammals. isolated reports of clinical epm-like disease have been documented in a zebra, raccoon, domestic cat, domestic dog, ferret, skunk, mink, lynx, red panda and fisher. the predominant disease is encephalomyelitis associated with schizonts in neural tissues. here, we report highly disseminated sarcocystosis, in many tissues of a captive white-nosed coati ... | 2017 | 29080770 |
| prevalence of pentatrichomonas hominis infections in six farmed wildlife species in jilin, china. | pentatrichomonas hominis is an anaerobic flagellated protozoan that primarily parasitizes the gastrointestinal tract and is a conditional pathogen. it has an extensive host range and is well known as a potential causative agent of zoonotic disease. the objective of this study was to provide the first findings of the prevalence of p. hominis in six farmed wildlife species, sika deer (s.d.), rex rabbits (r.r.), blue foxes (b.f.), silver foxes (s.f.), raccoon dogs (r.d.) and minks (m.), that are co ... | 2017 | 28917308 |
| toward an ecological framework for assessing reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens: wildlife reservoirs of trypanosoma cruzi across the southern united states. | wildlife species are critical for both feeding vectors and serving as reservoirs of zoonotic vector-borne pathogens. transmission pathways leading to disease in humans or other target taxa might be better understood and managed given a complete understanding of the relative importance of different reservoir species in nature. using the conceptual framework of "reservoir potential," which considers elements of both reservoir competence and vector-host contact, we review the wildlife reservoirs of ... | 2017 | 29106561 |
| small sarcocysts can be a feature of experimental infections with sarcocystis neurona merozoites. | several reports indicate the presence of small tissue cysts associated with sarcocystis neurona infections. several failed attempts to develop tissue cysts in potential intermediate host using in vitro derived parasites originally isolated from horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis suggest that the experimental methods to achieve bradyzoites with those isolates was not possible. those prior studies reported the lack of detectable sarcocysts based on histology and in vivo feeding trials. ... | 2017 | 28969829 |
| evaluation of bait station density for oral rabies vaccination of raccoons in urban and rural habitats in florida. | efforts to eliminate the raccoon variant of the rabies virus (raccoon rabies) in the eastern united states by usda, aphis, wildlife services and cooperators have included the distribution of oral rabies vaccine baits from polyvinyl chloride (pvc) bait stations in west-central florida from 2009 to 2015. achieving sufficient vaccine bait uptake among urban raccoons is problematic, given limitations on aerial and vehicle-based bait distribution for safety and other reasons. one or three bait statio ... | 2017 | 30270898 |
| prevalence of baylisascaris in domestic dog coprological examinations in the united states, 2013-2016. | dogs are alternative definitive hosts for baylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, but broad-scale prevalence and distribution of canine cases is not known. based on a large dataset from nationwide reference laboratories, baylisascaris spp. eggs were detected in 504/9,487,672 (0.005%) canine fecal samples. while many of the positive dog samples originated in areas of known high b. procyonis prevalence in raccoons, positives were also detected in 9 new states. young dogs, large breeds, and ... | 2017 | 31014845 |
| enhanced rabies surveillance to support effective oral rabies vaccination of raccoons in the eastern united states. | enhanced rabies surveillance (ers) is essential for sound oral rabies vaccination (orv) decisions to prevent the spread of specific rabies virus variants in meso-carnivores and to achieve disease elimination. use of a direct rapid immunohistochemistry test (drit) in north america for timely, accurate rabies diagnosis in the field has facilitated greater ers emphasis since 2005. ers used in tandem with exposure-based public health surveillance provides a comprehensive understanding of the geograp ... | 2017 | 30270891 |
| cost and relative value of road kill surveys for enhanced rabies surveillance in raccoon rabies management. | oral rabies vaccination (orv) requires knowledge of the spatial-temporal distribution of rabies virus variants targeted for control. rabies-exposure based public health surveillance alone may not provide a sound basis for orv decisions. the value and cost of road kill surveys was evaluated for the late spring⁻early fall 2005⁻2007 as a part of enhanced rabies surveillance in northern new york, where raccoon rabies is enzootic and orv has occurred since the late 1990s. structured surveys were cond ... | 2017 | 30270872 |
| influence of tree thinning on the abundance of mammals in a japanese larch larix kaempferi plantation. | we examined the influence of tree thinning on the abundance of mammals in a japanese larch larix kaempferi plantation in mt gariwang, pyeongchang, south korea. in 2014 and 2015, from april to october, we recorded the presence of tracks as a proxy for abundance, for the following seven mammalian species: korean hare lepus coreanus, raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides, siberian weasel mustela sibirica, eurasian badger meles meles, water deer hydropotes inermis, roe deer capreolus pygargus, and wi ... | 2017 | 30460053 |
| incorporating direct rapid immunohistochemical testing into large-scale wildlife rabies surveillance. | following an incursion of the mid-atlantic raccoon variant of the rabies virus into southern ontario, canada, in late 2015, the direct rapid immunohistochemical test for rabies (drit) was employed on a large scale to establish the outbreak perimeter and to diagnose specific cases to inform rabies control management actions. in a 17-month period, 5800 wildlife carcasses were tested using the drit, of which 307 were identified as rabid. when compared with the gold standard fluorescent antibody tes ... | 2017 | 30270880 |
| adaptation of the aesop's fable paradigm for use with raccoons (procyon lotor): considerations for future application in non-avian and non-primate species. | to gain a better understanding of the evolution of animal cognition, it is necessary to test and compare the cognitive abilities of a broad array of taxa. meaningful inter-species comparisons are best achieved by employing universal paradigms that standardize testing among species. many cognitive paradigms, however, have been tested in only a few taxa, mostly birds and primates. one such example, known as the aesop's fable paradigm, is designed to assess causal understanding in animals using wat ... | 2017 | 28963599 |
| modeling raccoon (procyon lotor) habitat connectivity to identify potential corridors for rabies spread. | the united states department of agriculture (usda), animal and plant health inspection service (aphis), wildlife services national rabies management program has conducted cooperative oral rabies vaccination (orv) programs since 1997. understanding the eco-epidemiology of raccoon (procyon lotor) variant rabies (raccoon rabies) is critical to successful management. pine (pinus spp.)-dominated landscapes generally support low relative raccoon densities that may inhibit rabies spread. however, confo ... | 2017 | 30270901 |
| testing the sarcocystis neurona vaccine using an equine protozoal myeloencephalitis challenge model. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) is an important equine neurologic disorder, and treatments for the disease are often unrewarding. prevention of the disease is the most important aspect for epm, and a killed vaccine was previously developed for just that purpose. evaluation of the vaccine had been hampered by lack of post vaccination challenge. the purpose of this study was to determine if the vaccine could prevent development of clinical signs after challenge with sarcocystis neurona sp ... | 2017 | 29080762 |
| spatiotemporal epidemic models for rabies among animals. | rabies is a serious concern to public health and wildlife management worldwide. over the last three decades, various mathematical models have been proposed to study the transmission dynamics of rabies. in this paper we provide a mini-review on some reaction-diffusion models describing the spatial spread of rabies among animals. more specifically, we introduce the susceptible-exposed-infectious models for the spatial transmission of rabies among foxes (murray et al., 1986), the spatiotemporal epi ... | 2017 | 29928742 |
| a permanent host shift of rabies virus from chiroptera to carnivora associated with recombination. | bat virus host shifts can result in the spread of diseases with significant effects. the rabies virus (rabv) is able to infect almost all mammals and is therefore a useful model for the study of host shift mechanisms. carnivore rabvs originated from two historical host shifts from bat viruses. to reveal the genetic pathways by which bat rabvs changed their host tropism from bats to carnivores, we investigated the second permanent bat-to-carnivore shift resulting in two carnivore variants, known ... | 2017 | 28325933 |
| lyssaviruses and rabies: current conundrums, concerns, contradictions and controversies. | lyssaviruses are bullet-shaped, single-stranded, negative-sense rna viruses and the causative agents of the ancient zoonosis rabies. africa is the likely home to the ancestors of taxa residing within the genus lyssavirus, family rhabdoviridae. diverse lyssaviruses are envisioned as co-evolving with bats, as the ultimate reservoirs, over seemingly millions of years. in terms of relative distribution, overt abundance, and resulting progeny, rabies virus is the most successful lyssavirus species to ... | 2017 | 28299201 |
| isolation of mycobacterium bovis from free-ranging wildlife in south korea. | we demonstrate mycobacterium bovis infection in wild boar ( sus scrofa ) in south korea. during 2012-15, we attempted to isolate m. bovis from 847 wild animals, mainly korean water deer ( hydropotes inermis argyropus), raccoon dogs ( nyctereutes procyonoides ), and wild boar, from 11 regions in south korea. we isolated m. bovis from three of 118 wild boar (2.5%) captured in gyeonggi province, where bovine tuberculosis (btb) outbreaks have also occurred in livestock. spoligotypes and mycobacteria ... | 2017 | 27809648 |
| ecological potential for rabies virus transmission via scavenging of dead bats by mesocarnivores. | multiple species of bats are reservoirs of rabies virus in the americas and are occasionally the source of spillover infections into mesocarnivore species. although rabies transmission generally is assumed to occur via bite, laboratory studies have demonstrated the potential for rabies transmission via ingestion of rabid animals. we investigated the ecological potential for this mode of transmission by assessing mesocarnivore scavenging behavior of dead bats in suburban habitats of flagstaff, ar ... | 2017 | 28094609 |
| application of high-throughput sequencing to whole rabies viral genome characterisation and its use for phylogenetic re-evaluation of a raccoon strain incursion into the province of ontario. | raccoon rabies remains a serious public health problem throughout much of the eastern seaboard of north america due to the urban nature of the reservoir host and the many challenges inherent in multi-jurisdictional efforts to administer co-ordinated and comprehensive wildlife rabies control programmes. better understanding of the mechanisms of spread of rabies virus can play a significant role in guiding such control efforts. to facilitate a detailed molecular epidemiological study of raccoon ra ... | 2017 | 28219746 |
| management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: the road to elimination. | rabies is an ancient viral disease that significantly impacts human and animal health throughout the world. in the developing parts of the world, dog bites represent the highest risk of rabies infection to people, livestock, and other animals. however, in north america, where several rabies virus variants currently circulate in wildlife, human contact with the raccoon rabies variant leads to the highest per capita population administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) annually. previous ra ... | 2017 | 28301480 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in china. | toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, can infect homoiothermal vertebrate animals, including raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). regretfully, data on t. gondii infection in raccoon dogs were limited in china. therefore, to investigate the seroprevalence and to evaluate risk factors for t. gondii infection in raccoon dogs, a total of 1181 raccoon dog blood samples were collected from jilin and shandong provinces, china, from september to december 2014. the antib ... | 2017 | 27893338 |
| investigating the potential role of north american animals as hosts for zika virus. | the recent emergence of the mosquito-borne zika virus (zikv) in the americas has become a global public health concern. we describe a series of experimental infections designed to investigate whether animals within certain taxonomic groups in north america have the potential to serve as zikv amplifying or maintenance hosts. species investigated included armadillos, cottontail rabbits, goats, mink, chickens, pigeons, ground hogs, deer mice, cattle, raccoons, ducks, syrian golden hamsters, garter ... | 2017 | 28145811 |
| sarcocystis neurona manipulation using culture-derived merozoites for bradyzoite and sporocyst production. | equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (epm) remains a significant central nervous system disease of horses in the american continents. sarcocystis neurona is considered the primary causative agent and its intermediate life stages are carried by a wide host-range including raccoons (procyon lotor) in north america. s. neurona sarcocysts mature in raccoon skeletal muscle and can produce central nervous system disease in raccoons, mirroring the clinical presentation in horses. the study aimed to devel ... | 2017 | 28372843 |
| trypanosoma cruzi (agent of chagas disease) in sympatric human and dog populations in "colonias" of the lower rio grande valley of texas. | the zoonotic, vector-borne parasite trypanosoma cruzi causes chagas disease throughout the americas, but human and veterinary health burdens in the united states are unknown. we conducted a cross-sectional prevalence study in indigent, medically underserved human and cohabiting canine populations of seven south texas border communities, known as colonias. defining positivity as those samples that were positive on two or more independent tests, we found 1.3% seroprevalence in 233 humans, includin ... | 2017 | 28167589 |
| pathological findings in the red fox (vulpes vulpes), stone marten (martes foina) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in northern germany. | anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. the present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (vulpes vulpes), stone marten (martes foina) and raccoon dog (nyctereu ... | 2017 | 28399176 |
| mobility of the forearm in the raccoon (procyon lotor), raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) and red panda (ailurus fulgens). | the ranges of pronation/supination of forearms in raccoons, raccoon dogs and red pandas were nondestructively examined. three carcasses of each species were used for ct analysis, and the left forearms were scanned with a ct scanner in two positions: maximal supination and maximal pronation. scanning data were reconstructed into three-dimensional images, cross-sectional images were extracted at the position that shows the largest area in the distal part of ulna, and then, the centroids of each cr ... | 2017 | 27840376 |
| amblyomma auricularium (ixodida: ixodidae) in florida: new hosts and distribution records. | previous published evidence for the occurrence of an exotic armadillo tick, amblyomma auricularium (conil), in florida is scant, but we found it is fully established and integrated into the state's tick fauna. we collected 11,192 specimens of this tick from naturalized nine-banded armadillos, dasypus novemcinctus l., and 14 other species of wild native mammals and birds in florida, while sampling statewide during 2004 through 2007. in all, we document its specific presence only in 14 contiguous ... | 2017 | 28082640 |
| niche partitioning among mesocarnivores in a brazilian wetland. | we investigated the home range size, habitat selection, as well as the spatial and activity overlap, of four mid-sized carnivore species in the central pantanal, mato grosso do sul, brazil. from december 2005 to september 2008, seven crab-eating foxes cerdocyon thous, seven brown-nosed coatis nasua nasua, and six ocelots leopardus pardalis were radio-collared and monitored. camera trap data on these species were also collected for the crab-eating raccoon procyon cancrivorus. we hypothesized that ... | 2017 | 27685854 |
| partial molecular characterization of the mitochondrial genome of baylisascaris columnaris and prevalence of infection in a wild population of striped skunks. | members of the genus baylisascaris utilize omnivores or carnivores as their definitive hosts. the best known member of this genus is baylisascaris procyonis, which is an intestinal parasite of raccoons. the closest relative of b. procyonis is b. columnaris, which utilizes the common skunk as its definitive host. although b. procyonis has been extensively studied, relatively little is known of b. columnaris. for example, the mitochondrial genome of b. procyonis has been sequenced in its entirety. ... | 2017 | 28462088 |
| first molecular detection and characterization of hepatozoon and sarcocystis spp. in field mice and voles from japan. | sarcocystis and hepatozoon species are protozoan parasites that are frequently detected in domestic and wild animals. rodents are considered common intermediate and paratenic hosts for several sarcocystis and hepatozoon species. here, blood dna samples from a total of six rodents, including one myodes rutilus, one myodes rufocanus, and four apodemus speciosus, collected from hokkaido, japan, were shown by conventional pcr of the 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene to contain sarcocystis and hepatozoon ... | 2017 | 28526989 |
| molecular analysis of ixodes rugicollis, candidatus neoehrlichia sp. (fu98) and a novel babesia genotype from a european badger (meles meles). | the european badger (meles meles) is a widespread mammal in most countries of the european continent, with increasingly recognized veterinary/medical importance owing to its preferred habitats (including pastures and urban environments), broad spectrum of food items, and role as a game hunting target. however, ticks and tick-borne pathogens associated with badgers are only partly known, and most of them have not yet been analysed with molecular biological methods the aim of this study was to per ... | 2017 | 27693484 |
| prevalence, genotype richness, and coinfection patterns of hemotropic mycoplasmas in raccoons (procyon lotor) in environmentally protected and urbanized barrier islands. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are successful urban adapters and hosts to a number of zoonotic and non-zoonotic pathogens, yet little is known about their hemoplasma infections and how prevalence differs across habitat types. this study identifies hemotropic mycoplasma spp. infection in raccoons from urban and undisturbed habitats and compares hemoplasma infection in sympatric urban cats (felis catus) from the same geographic region. we collected blood from raccoons (n=95) in an urban (n=37) and an un ... | 2017 | 28258139 |
| muscle mercury and selenium in fishes and semiaquatic mammals from a selenium-deficient area. | the aim of this study was to investigate and compare total mercury (hg), selenium (se), and se:hg molar ratios in fish muscles (phytophages n=3; benthophages n=32; predators n=5) and semiaquatic carnivores, including piscivores (the european otter n=8, the feral american mink n=7) and the omnivorous raccoon (n=37) from a riverine european ecosystem in a se-deficient area. the hg concentration in fish reached 0.337μg/g dry weight, dw (0.084μg/g wet weight, ww). we found significant differences am ... | 2017 | 27810577 |
| introduced rats and an endemic roundworm: does rattus rattus contribute to baylisascaris procyonis transmission in california? | the introduced black rat, rattus rattus, occurs throughout the native range of the raccoon roundworm, baylisascaris procyonis, and might incorporate into its life cycle if rats consume parasite eggs, acquire viable infections, and are eaten by raccoons. although rats forage at raccoon latrines, their role in b. procyonis transmission remains unknown. here i tested the potential for rats to amplify b. procyonis transmission in california by surveying wild rodents for b. procyonis and conducting s ... | 2017 | 28732456 |
| seroprevalence of baylisascaris procyonis infection among humans, santa barbara county, california, usa, 2014-2016. | baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm) infection is common in raccoons and can cause devastating pathology in other animals, including humans. limited information is available on the frequency of asymptomatic human infection. we tested 150 adults from california, usa, for b. procyonis antibodies; 11 were seropositive, suggesting that subclinical infection does occur. | 2017 | 28726612 |
| beyond the raccoon roundworm: the natural history of non-raccoon baylisascaris species in the new world. | a total of 10 species of baylisascaris, a genus of ascaridoid nematodes, occur worldwide and 6 of them occur in the new world. most of the baylisascaris species have a similar life cycle with carnivorous mammals or marsupials serving as definitive hosts and a smaller prey host serving as paratenic (or intermediate) hosts. however, one species in rodents is unique in that it only has one host. considerable research has been conducted on b. procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, as it is a well-known c ... | 2017 | 28529879 |
| detection and molecular characterization of babesia, theileria, and hepatozoon species in hard ticks collected from kagoshima, the southern region in japan. | to reveal the distribution of tick-borne parasites, we established a novel nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system to detect the most common agents of tick-borne parasitic diseases, namely babesia, theileria, and hepatozoon parasites. we collected host-seeking or animal-feeding ticks in kagoshima prefecture, the southernmost region of kyusyu island in southwestern japan. twenty of the total of 776 tick samples displayed a specific band of the appropriate size (approximately 1.4-1.6kbp) for ... | 2017 | 28501503 |
| intestinal and external parasites of raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in western poland | parasites of an invasive species, the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) from western poland were investigated to clarify poorly known ecological key aspects of the species. the research was conducted in two study areas: the ujście warty national park and the bogdaniec forestry district. intestinal samples were collected from the intestinal tracks of 39 dead animals and 51 faecal samples were collected in all seasons from latrines of raccoon dogs. macro-parasites, their eggs and protozoan pa ... | 2017 | 28601061 |
| new definitive hosts and differential body indices of isthmiophora hortensis (digenea: echinostomatidae). | the present study was performed to record new definitive hosts of isthmiophora hortensis, and to describe morphological characteristics derived from a variety of worm samples for clarification of its taxonomic validity. morphological characteristics with dimensions were observed in worm samples (n=21) from naturally infected wild animals, including a raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides from gimhae-si (city), gyeongsangnam-do, stray cats and a striped field mouse from several localities, and a w ... | 2017 | 28719953 |
| serological and molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii and babesia microti in the blood of rescued wild animals in gangwon-do (province), korea. | infections of toxoplasma gondii and babesia microti are reported in many wild animals worldwide, but information on their incidence and molecular detection in korean wild fields is limited. in this study, the prevalence of t. gondii and b. microti infection in blood samples of 5 animal species (37 chinese water deer, 23 raccoon dogs, 6 roe deer, 1 wild boar, and 3 eurasian badgers) was examined during 2008-2009 in gangwon-do (province), the republic of korea (=korea) by using serological and mol ... | 2017 | 28506045 |
| comparison of fecal microbiota of three captive carnivore species inhabiting korea. | this study aimed at characterizing fecal microbiota of three captive carnivore species of leopard cats prionailurus bengalensis, eurasian otters lutra lutra and raccoon dogs nyctereutes procyonoides. we used dna barcoding sequencing to analyze 16s rrna genes of uncultured bacteria in the feces collected in the seoul zoo. the sequencing analyses revealed that: 1) firmicutes was the most dominant phylum for all three animals; 2) bacterial genus-rank compositions were distinct across species of the ... | 2017 | 28049922 |
| surveillance for antibodies against six canine viruses in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are found worldwide. they are frequently seen in crowded inner cities as well as in forests or wooded areas, often living in proximity to humans and their pets. we examined sera from 100 wild raccoons in japan for antibodies to six canine viruses with veterinary significance to assess their potential as reservoirs. we also aimed to understand the distribution of potentially infected wildlife. we found that 7% of samples were seropositive for canine distemper virus (cdv), ... | 2017 | 28715293 |
| detection of canine adenovirus 1 in red foxes ( vulpes vulpes) and raccoons ( procyon lotor) in germany with a taqman real-time pcr assay. | we developed a real-time (rt)pcr assay based on taqman probe technology for the specific detection of canine adenovirus 1 (cadv-1). the assay is able to detect three 50% tissue culture infectious dose/ml in cadv-1-containing cell culture supernatant. viral genomes were not amplified of canine adenovirus 2 or of several bovine, porcine, and avian adenoviruses. in silico analysis provided no indication of amplification of other heterologous genomes. the sensitivity of the real-time assay exceeded ... | 2017 | 28581363 |
| genetic characterization of canine parvovirus in sympatric free-ranging wild carnivores in portugal. | since its emergence in the 1970s, canine parvovirus (cpv) has been reported in domestic and nondomestic carnivores worldwide with severe implications on their health and survival. here, we aim to better understand cpv circulation in multihost-pathogens systems by characterizing cpv dna or viruses in 227 free-ranging wild carnivores of 12 species from portugal. collected samples during 1995-2011 were analyzed by pcr and sequence analysis. the canine parvovirus dna was detected in 4 (2%) animals o ... | 2017 | 28657857 |
| a possible origin population of pathogenic intestinal nematodes, strongyloides stercoralis, unveiled by molecular phylogeny. | humans and dogs are the two major hosts of strongyloides stercoralis, an intestinal parasitic nematode. to better understand the phylogenetic relationships among s. stercoralis isolates infecting humans and dogs and to assess the zoonotic potential of this parasite, we analyzed mitochondrial cox1, nuclear 18s rdna, 28s rdna, and a major sperm protein domain-containing protein genes. overall, our analyses indicated the presence of two distinct lineages of s. stercoralis (referred to as type a and ... | 2017 | 28687738 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasma gondii infection in invasive raccoons (procyon lotor) in central europe. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis in warm-blooded animals. most mammals, including humans, can become intermediate host, resulting in subclinical infection or even death. generally, there is limited information on the epidemiology of t. gondii of game species in germany. as omnivores, raccoons, which are particularly widespread and abundant in germany, are particularly exposed to infection the parasite. here, we report the seroprevalence of t. gon ... | 2017 | 28578461 |
| using an emergency department syndromic surveillance system to evaluate reporting of potential rabies exposures, illinois, 2013-2015. | mandatory reporting of potential rabies exposures and initiation of postexposure prophylaxis (pep) allow local health authorities to monitor pep administration for errors. our objectives were to use an emergency department (ed) syndromic surveillance system to (1) estimate reporting compliance for exposure to rabies in suburban cook county, illinois, and (2) initiate interventions to improve reporting and reassess compliance. | 2017 | 28692394 |
| seed dispersal of diospyros virginiana in the past and the present: evidence for a generalist evolutionary strategy. | several north american trees are hypothesized to have lost their co-evolved seed disperser during the late-pleistocene extinction and are therefore considered anachronistic. we tested this hypothesis for the american persimmon (diospyros virginiana) by studying the effects of gut passage of proposed seed dispersers on seedling survival and growth, natural fruiting characteristics, and modern animal consumption patterns. we tested gut passage effects on persimmon seeds using three native living s ... | 2017 | 28616198 |
| molecular detection and genetic characterization of toxoplasma gondii in farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in shandong province, eastern china. | toxoplasma gondii is a successful opportunistic parasite, affecting a wide range of vertebrate animals and humans. genetic diversity of t. gondii in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) is of great importance to understand the transmission of t. gondii in the environment. however, no information is available about the distribution of genetic diversity of t. gondii infection in raccoon dogs. this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and genetic characterization of t. gondii from racc ... | 2017 | 28476602 |
| intraspecies and interspecies transmission of mink h9n2 influenza virus. | h9n2 influenza a virus (iav) causes low pathogenic respiratory disease and infects a wide range of hosts. in this study, six iavs were isolated from mink and identified as h9n2 iav. sequence analysis revealed that the six isolates continued to evolve, and their pb2 genes shared high nucleotide sequence identity with h7n9 iav. the six isolates contained an amino acid motif psrssr↓gl at the hemagglutinin cleavage site, which is a characteristic of low pathogenic influenza viruses. a serosurvey dem ... | 2017 | 28785024 |
| atlantic-camtraps: a dataset of medium and large terrestrial mammal communities in the atlantic forest of south america. | our understanding of mammal ecology has always been hindered by the difficulties of observing species in closed tropical forests. camera trapping has become a major advance for monitoring terrestrial mammals in biodiversity rich ecosystems. here we compiled one of the largest datasets of inventories of terrestrial mammal communities for the neotropical region based on camera trapping studies. the dataset comprises 170 surveys of medium to large terrestrial mammals using camera traps conducted in ... | 2017 | 28857166 |
| camera trap arrays improve detection probability of wildlife: investigating study design considerations using an empirical dataset. | camera trapping is a standard tool in ecological research and wildlife conservation. study designs, particularly for small-bodied or cryptic wildlife species often attempt to boost low detection probabilities by using non-random camera placement or baited cameras, which may bias data, or incorrectly estimate detection and occupancy. we investigated the ability of non-baited, multi-camera arrays to increase detection probabilities of wildlife. study design components were evaluated for their infl ... | 2017 | 28422973 |
| home ranges of raccoon dogs in managed and natural areas. | knowledge of space use is central to understand animals' role in ecosystems. the raccoon dog nyctereutes procyonoides is considered as one of the most influential alien mesopredator species in europe, having the potential to cause loss of local biodiversity and act as a vector for zoonotic diseases. we collared 12 animals to study their home range and habitat use in two areas with different management regimes in estonia: in a protected natural area and in an intensively managed area. from may to ... | 2017 | 28273085 |
| predicting spatial spread of rabies in skunk populations using surveillance data reported by the public. | prevention and control of wildlife disease invasions relies on the ability to predict spatio-temporal dynamics and understand the role of factors driving spread rates, such as seasonality and transmission distance. passive disease surveillance (i.e., case reports by public) is a common method of monitoring emergence of wildlife diseases, but can be challenging to interpret due to spatial biases and limitations in data quantity and quality. | 2017 | 28759576 |
| raccoon dog model shows preservation of bone during prolonged catabolism and reduced physical activity. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is a promising animal model capable of preventing disuse-induced osteoporosis. previous data suggest that this species resembles bears in the preservation of bone mass and biomechanical properties during prolonged passivity and catabolism. this longitudinal study examined the osteological properties of tibiae in farm-bred raccoon dogs that were either fed or fasted (n=6 per group) for a 10 week period. peripheral quantitative computed tomography was uti ... | 2017 | 28373598 |
| a review of the physiology of a survival expert of big freeze, deep snow, and an empty stomach: the boreal raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides). | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is an invasive canid originating from eastern asia. here, we review its physiological adaptations to wintering, with an emphasis on northern europe, where the raccoon dog spends the coldest part of the year in winter sleep. the timing of physiological changes related to wintering is connected to photoperiod by melatonin. in preparation to winter, raccoon dogs display autumnal hyperphagia and fattening probably regulated by the interaction of several pep ... | 2017 | 28674771 |
| symptomatic raccoon dogs and sarcoptic mange along an urban gradient. | we quantitatively evaluated the effects of landscape factors on the distribution of symptomatic raccoon dogs with sarcoptic mange along an urban gradient. we used 246 camera traps (182 traps from april 2005 to december 2006; 64 traps from september 2009 to october 2010) to record the occurrence of asymptomatic and symptomatic raccoon dogs at 21 survey sites along an urban-rural gradient in the tama hills area of tokyo. each occurrence was explained in terms of the surrounding forest, agricultura ... | 2017 | 28374159 |
| teratoma of the ovary in a free-ranging japanese raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus). | a young adult, female, free-ranging japanese raccoon dog ( nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus) with scabies infection was found dead as a result of traumatic injuries presumed to reflect vehicular trauma. necropsy showed a large solid mass located on the left ovarian region, occupying a third of the abdominal cavity. histologically, the mass contained complex tissues derived from three germinal layers, with areas of cuboidal or columnar epithelium, keratinized squamous epithelium, bone, cartila ... | 2017 | 28363052 |
| corrigendum: comparative transcriptome analysis of raccoon dog skin to determine melanin content in hair and melanin distribution in skin. | 2017 | 28300140 | |
| new techniques to collect live sarcoptes scabiei and evaluation of methods as alternative diagnostics for infection. | sarcoptes scabiei is a widespread, highly contagious skin disease that affects many mammals including humans. the biological characteristics of s. scabiei remain unclear. therefore, the ability to collect adequate amount of mites for studies is required to advance our understanding of the parasite. the present study aimed to find a method to collect an adequate amount of live s. scabiei mites within a short time frame. the cornified layer and fur from an infected raccoon dog were inserted into a ... | 2017 | 28124136 |
| comparative transcriptome analysis of raccoon dog skin to determine melanin content in hair and melanin distribution in skin. | the raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides) is an important canid fur-bearing animal species worldwide. chinese raccoon dogs that present a white mutation, especially those with a white coat. exploring melanin biosynthesis in the hair and skin of raccoon dogs is important for understanding the survival and evolutionary mechanisms of them. in this study, we measured the content of melanin in the hair of two types of raccoon dog and generated stained slices of skin tissue. the results indicated tha ... | 2017 | 28098220 |
| severe impact of sarcoptic mange on the movements and space use for one of its most important vector species, the raccoon dog. | sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious zoonotic skin disease that can have severe effect on population dynamics of many wild mammals. however, very little is known about its effect on the activity and space use of infected animals. in this study we equipped two raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in a mange outbreak area with radio-collars and observed the spatial and temporal effects of sarcoptic mange to these individuals. initially, the raccoon dogs had no external symptoms of mange infec ... | 2017 | 28807313 |
| atrial septal defect in a korean wild raccoon dog. | an approximately two-year-old, male 6.1 kg body weight, korean wild raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) was captured by the wildlife medical rescue center of kangwon national university. upon physical examination, the heart rate was 87 beats per min and there were no clinical signs. the hematological, and blood biochemical profiles revealed no remarkable findings; however, thoracic radiographs showed cardiac enlargement, especially in the right atrium. on electrocardiogram, sinus no ... | 2017 | 28804099 |
| mass vaccination has led to the elimination of rabies since 2014 in south korea. | rabies is one of the most fatal diseases, but it is 100% preventable in animals by vaccination. in this study, we present the epidemiological features of, and national preventive measures against, rabies in korea. | 2017 | 28775975 |
| potential reservoir and associated factors for west nile virus in three distinct climatological zones. | west nile virus (wnv) is a zoonotic single-strand rna arbovirus (family flaviviridae: flavivirus), transmitted among avian hosts in enzootic cycles by a mosquito vector. the virus has a significant disease effect on humans and equines when it bridges into a cycle with various sequelae with epidemic potential. this study was carried out to identify the potential spectrum of wnv hosts in three geographic areas with climatologically distinct features: malaysia, qatar, and the united states of ameri ... | 2017 | 28873035 |
| geographical clusters and predictors of rabies in three southeastern states. | the rabies virus causes progressive encephalomyelitis that is fatal in nearly 100% of untreated cases. in the united states, wildlife act as the primary reservoir for rabies; prevention, surveillance, and control costs remain high. the purpose of this study is to understand the current distribution of wildlife rabies in three southeastern states, with particular focus on raccoons as the primary eastern reservoir, as well as identify demographic and geographic factors which may affect the risk of ... | 2017 | 28418772 |
| pbdes and dechloranes in raccoons in the midwestern united states. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are one of the most widespread and abundant mammals in north america. to evaluate the suitability of using raccoons as bioindicator species, we analyzed liver tissues (n = 32) collected from 2013 to 2015 for the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and dechloranes. ∑pbde concentrations ranged from 19.1 to 2125 ng/g lw (median = 98.0 ng/g lw) and did not differ between gender or age of raccoon. dechloranes were detected in 38% of raccoons and ranged from 0.1 ... | 2017 | 28374111 |
| ictv virus taxonomy profile: polyomaviridae. | the polyomaviridae is a family of small, non-enveloped viruses with circular dsdna genomes of approximately 5 kbp. the family includes four genera whose members have restricted host range, infecting mammals and birds. polyomavirus genomes have also been detected recently in fish. merkel cell polyomavirus and raccoon polyomavirus are associated with cancer in their host; other members are human and veterinary pathogens. clinical manifestations are obvious in immunocompromised patients but not in ... | 2017 | 28640744 |
| consideration of natural sources in a bacteria tmdl-lines of evidence, including beach microbial source tracking. | total maximum daily load (tmdl) stipulations remained unmet at a southern california beach despite a suite of management actions carried out since 2001, prompting exploration of a natural sources exclusion (nse) provision within the tmdl. quantitative microbial source tracking (mst) was employed from 2012 to 2015 to inventory sources of natural and anthropogenic fecal indicator bacteria (fib). data suggested fib exceedances could be traced to gulls based on gull marker prevalence and correlation ... | 2017 | 28633521 |
| periorbital ecchymosis (raccoon eye) and orbital hematoma following endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp) is a conventional technique for diagnosis and treatment of pancratobiliary diseases, which is associated with various complications, including pancreatitis, hemorrhage, cholangitis, perforation, and mortality. in our case, a 69-year-old woman with positive hepatobiliary symptoms underwent ercp, at the end of which a rare complication (raccoon eye) occurred, which was hypothesized to be due to amyloidosis, but the patient refused to complete t ... | 2017 | 28611566 |
| using viral gene sequences to compare and explain the heterogeneous spatial dynamics of virus epidemics. | rabies is an important zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. a key question in rabies epidemiology is the identification of factors that impact virus dispersion. here we apply new analytical methods, based on phylogeographic reconstructions of viral lineage movement, to undertake a comparative evolutionary-epidemiological study of the spatial dynamics of rabies virus (rabv) epidemics in different hosts and habitats. we have compiled rabv data sets from skunk, raccoon, bat and domestic dog popu ... | 2017 | 28651357 |
| rabies - epidemiology, pathogenesis, public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control: a comprehensive review. | rabies is a zoonotic, fatal and progressive neurological infection caused by rabies virus of the genus lyssavirus and family rhabdoviridae. it affects all warm-blooded animals and the disease is prevalent throughout the world and endemic in many countries except in islands like australia and antarctica. over 60,000 peoples die every year due to rabies, while approximately 15 million people receive rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) annually. bite of rabid animals and saliva of infected host ... | 2017 | 28643547 |
| epidemiological study of relapsing fever borreliae detected in haemaphysalis ticks and wild animals in the western part of japan. | the genus borrelia comprises arthropod-borne bacteria, which are infectious agents in vertebrates. they are mainly transmitted by ixodid or argasid ticks. in hokkaido, japan, borrelia spp. were found in deer and haemaphysalis ticks between 2011 and 2013; however, the study was limited to a particular area. therefore, in the present study, we conducted large-scale surveillance of ticks and wild animals in the western part of the main island of japan. we collected 6,407 host-seeking ticks from two ... | 2017 | 28362864 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel putative human polyomavirus. | the small double-stranded dna polyomaviruses (pyvs) form a family of 73 species, whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. so far, 13 pyvs have been isolated in humans, and some of them have clearly been associated with several diseases, including cancer. in this study, we describe the isolation of a novel pyv in human skin using a sensitive degenerate pcr protocol combined with next-generation sequencing. the new virus, named lyon iarc pyv (lipyv), has a circular genome of 5269 nucle ... | 2017 | 28342387 |
| simulation of targeted pollutant-mitigation-strategies to reduce nitrate and sediment hotspots in agricultural watershed. | about 50% of u.s. water pollution problems are caused by non-point source (nps) pollution, primarily sediment and nutrients from agricultural areas, despite the widespread implementation of agricultural best management practices (bmps). however, the effectiveness of implementation strategies and type of bmps at watershed scale are still not well understood. in this study, the soil and water assessment tool (swat) ecohydrological model was used to assess the effectiveness of pollutant mitigation ... | 2017 | 28732398 |
| identification of a second raccoon-associated polyomavirus. | raccoon polyomavirus 1 (racpyv1) is the suspected cause of an outbreak of fatal brain tumors among raccoons (procyon lotor) in the western united states. spleen samples from georgia raccoons were screened for polyomaviruses. although racpyv1 was not detected, a previously unknown polyomavirus, which we designate racpyv2, was identified and sequenced. | 2017 | 28663292 |
| correction: management and modeling approaches for controlling raccoon rabies: the road to elimination. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005249.]. | 2017 | 28463964 |
| between a conditional's antecedent and its consequent: discourse coherence vs. probabilistic relevance. | reasoning with conditionals is central to everyday life, yet there is long-standing disagreement about the meaning of the conditional. one example is the puzzle of so-called missing-link conditionals such as "if raccoons have no wings, they cannot breathe under water." their oddity may be taken to show that conditionals require a connection between antecedent ("raccoons have no wings") and consequent ("they cannot breathe under water"), yet most accounts of conditionals attribute the oddity to n ... | 2017 | 28453997 |
| rabies surveillance in the united states during 2015. | objective to describe rabies and rabies-related events occurring during 2015 in the united states. design observational study based on passive surveillance data. animals all animals submitted for rabies testing in the united states during 2015. procedures state and territorial public health programs provided data on animals submitted for rabies testing in 2015. data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and sylvatic animal rabies cases. results during 2015, 50 ... | 2017 | 28467751 |
| environmental dna enables detection of terrestrial mammals from forest pond water. | terrestrial animals must have frequent contact with water to survive, implying that environmental dna (edna) originating from those animals should be detectable from places containing water in terrestrial ecosystems. aiming to detect the presence of terrestrial mammals using forest water samples, we applied a set of universal pcr primers (mimammal, a modified version of fish universal primers) for metabarcoding mammalian edna. the versatility of mimammal primers was tested in silico and by ampli ... | 2017 | 28603873 |
| can mhc-assortative partner choice promote offspring diversity? a new combination of mhc-dependent behaviours among sexes in a highly successful invasive mammal. | sexual selection involving genetically disassortative mate choice is one of several evolutionary processes that can maintain or enhance population genetic variability. examples of reproductive systems in which choosers (generally females) select mates depending on their major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes have been reported for several vertebrate species. notably, the role of mhc-dependent choice not in mating contexts, but in other kinds of social interactions such as in the establishm ... | 2017 | 28141891 |
| do large carnivores and mesocarnivores have redundant impacts on intertidal prey? | the presence of large carnivores can affect lower trophic levels by suppressing mesocarnivores and reducing their impacts on prey. the mesopredator release hypothesis therefore predicts prey abundance will be higher where large carnivores are present, but this prediction assumes limited dietary overlap between large and mesocarnivores. where dietary overlap is high, e.g., among omnivorous carnivore species, or where prey are relatively easily accessible, the potential exists for large and mesoca ... | 2017 | 28085962 |
| do deer and raccoons defecate in the right place? fitness consequences of vertebrate seed dispersal for a deciduous forest herb. | precision of seed placement in a heterogeneous environment is often assumed to select for the evolution of animal-mediated dispersal systems, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested in a multivariate sense. we quantify the microsite fitness benefits of dispersal by white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and raccoons (procyon lotor) for mayapple (podophyllum peltatum), a shade-tolerant perennial herb, in deciduous forests of southeastern ohio, usa. micro-environmental variables were record ... | 2017 | 28078452 |
| raccoon eyes in amyloidosis. | 2017 | 27978610 | |
| ovulation, fertilization and preimplantation embryonic development in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). | a study involving 32 sexual mature females was conducted to characterize ovulation, fertilization and early embryonic development in vivo in raccoon dogs. oocytes and embryos were collected from the oviducts and uteri, evaluated by stereomicroscopy. ovulation occurred 25-32h after a female first accepted mounting, regardless of copulation, when the females were paired with a male in the same cage. ovulated oocytes were at the primary stage. the number of ovulated eggs in females with or without ... | 2017 | 27939185 |
| raccoons (procyon lotor) as sentinels of trace element contamination and physiological effects of exposure to coal fly ash. | anthropogenic pollutants disrupt global biodiversity, and terrestrial sentinels of pollution can provide a warning system for ecosystem-wide contamination. this study sought to assess whether raccoons (procyon lotor) are sentinels of local exposure to trace element contaminants at a coal fly ash site and whether exposure resulted in health impairment or changes in the intestinal helminth communities. we compared trace element accumulation and the impact on health responses and intestinal helmint ... | 2017 | 27933359 |
| subtype analysis of zoonotic pathogen cryptosporidium skunk genotype. | cryptosporidium skunk genotype is a zoonotic pathogen commonly identified in surface water. thus far, no subtyping tool exists for characterizing its transmission in humans and animals and transport in environment. in this study, a subtyping tool based on the 60kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene previously developed for cryptosporidium chipmunk genotype i was used in the characterization of cryptosporidium skunk genotype in animal and storm runoff samples from a watershed in new york. altogether, 17 p ... | 2017 | 28843545 |
| processes underlying rabies virus incursions across us-canada border as revealed by whole-genome phylogeography. | disease control programs aim to constrain and reduce the spread of infection. human disease interventions such as wildlife vaccination play a major role in determining the limits of a pathogen's spatial distribution. over the past few decades, a raccoon-specific variant of rabies virus (rrv) has invaded large areas of eastern north america. although expansion into canada has been largely prevented through vaccination along the us border, several outbreaks have occurred in canada. applying phylog ... | 2017 | 28820138 |