Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| cardiorespiratory reflexes in a working heart-brainstem preparation of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | in this study, we adapted the working heart-brainstem preparation (whbp) from rodents to the insectivore, suncus murinus. suncus whbps had a baseline heart rate of 333 +/- 8 beats min(-1), a perfusion pressure of 69 +/- 2 mm hg and a respiratory cycle length of 6.5 +/- 0.7 s. administration of atropine produced an increase in heart rate of 26 +/- 9 beats min(-1) indicative of the presence of cardiac vagal tone. activation of baroreceptors produced pressure-dependent reflex falls in heart rate an ... | 2001 | 11474647 |
| spermatozoa of the shrew, suncus murinus, undergo the acrosome reaction and then selectively kill cells in penetrating the cumulus oophorus. | in the musk shrew, suncus murinus (and other shrews), the cumulus oophorus is ovulated as a discrete, compact, matrix-free ball of cells linked by specialized junctions. in examining how they penetrate the cumulus, suncus spermatozoa were observed to first bind consistently by the ventral face over the acrosomal region to the exposed smooth surface of a peripheral cumulus cell. this was apparently followed by point fusions between the plasma and outer acrosomal membranes. thereafter, spermatozoa ... | 2001 | 11466224 |
| calbindin-d28k and calretinin immunoreactive neurons in the olfactory bulb of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the distribution, morphological features, and postnatal development of calbindin-d28k (cb) and calretinin (cr) immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb (mob) of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, were studied by immunostaining to determine the degree of colocalization of cb and cr, and the relationship of cb and cr to neuron development in the mob of animals of the order insectivora. in adults, cb-positive neurons were identified as periglomerular and perinidal cells in the periglomerular ... | 2001 | 11454409 |
| genital grooming and emesis induced by vanilloids in suncus murinus, the house musk shrew. | the potential of resiniferatoxin and capsaicin to modulate emesis and genital grooming was investigated in suncus murinus. resinifertoxin (3-30 nmol, i.c.v.), e-capsaicin (10-100 nmol, i.c.v.) and z-capsaicin (100 nmol, i.c.v.) induced emesis (p<0.05) and subsequently antagonised the emetic response induced by intragastric copper sulphate (480.6 micromol/kg; p<0.05). however, resiniferatoxin failed to affect nicotine-induced (30.7 mol/kg, s.c.) emesis (p>0.05). only resiniferatoxin induced genit ... | 2001 | 11430930 |
| apoptosis in regressive deciduous tooth germs of suncus murinus evaluated by the the tunel method and electron microscopy. | apoptosis in regressive primary (deciduous) dental primordia was examined in the embryos of suncus murinus, which is a monophyodont. the primary tooth germs of s. murinus are temporarily formed and disappear during the embryonic period before they are calcified. most primary tooth germs reach the bell stage and degenerate by embryonic day 22 (e22). light microscopy on haematoxylin-eosin-stained sections revealed that intensely labelled granular substances are frequently present in the epithelial ... | 2001 | 11369320 |
| tetrahydrocannabinol (thc) interferes with conditioned retching in suncus murinus: an animal model of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (anv). | little is understood about effective countermeasures to the expression of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (anv) in chemotherapy patients. we present a model of anv based on the emetic reactions of the suncus murinus (musk shrew). following two pairings of a novel distinctive contextual cue with the emetic effects of an injection of lithium chloride, the context acquired the potential to elicit retching in the absence of the toxin. the expression of this conditioned retching reaction was complet ... | 2001 | 11277577 |
| possible involvement of 5-ht4 receptors, in addition to 5-ht3 receptors, in the emesis induced by high-dose cisplatin in suncus murinus. | to clarify the mechanism for the severe emesis concomitant with intensive chemotherapy, we investigated the effects of 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor antagonists on the emesis induced by the high-dose of cisplatin in suncus murinus. the emesis induced by 50 mg/kg of cisplatin was reduced by the oral pretreatment with tropisetron, which is known as a 5-ht3- and 5-ht4-receptor dual antagonist in vitro, with the id50 value of 0.52 mg/kg. on the contrary, granisetron, a selective 5-ht3-receptor antagonis ... | 2001 | 11243577 |
| nidus and tasseled cell: distinctive neuronal organization of the main olfactory bulb of the laboratory musk shrew (suncus murinus). | we revealed the structural features of particular synaptic regions, nidi, and newly found neurons, tasseled cells, in the main olfactory bulb (mob) of the laboratory musk shrew (suncus murinus). nidi were intensely immunoreactive for glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) and calbindin d28k (cb), were 30-80 microm in diameter, and were located beneath glomeruli, appearing to make glomerulus-nidus unit-like complexes. in contrast to glomeruli, they contained few or no olfactory nerves. nidi were distr ... | 2001 | 11169486 |
| accumulation of the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion in suncus (suncus murinus) brain: implication for flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in brain microvessels. | the metabolism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp) was examined in an effort to evaluate the role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) expressed in the brain of suncus (suncus murinus) and rats. mptp was metabolized to generate both 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (mpp(+)) and mptp n-oxide by brain homogenates from rats. although the level of mpp(+)-producing activity was similar in suncus and rats, a remarkable difference was found between the animal species in mptp n-oxy ... | 2001 | 11258972 |
| analysis of the epitopes on staphylococcal enterotoxin a responsible for emetic activity. | to identify which region of staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) is responsible for the emetic activity, twelve synthetic peptides corresponding to the entire sea amino acid sequence and their respective anti-peptide antibodies were prepared and tested. the anti-peptide antibodies were tested for neutralization of sea-induced emesis in suncus murinus (shrew mouse). the results indicate that sea-induced emesis was neutralized by the mixture of three anti-peptide antibodies to a-7 (corresponding to ... | 2001 | 11307922 |
| comparison of sucrase-free isomaltase with sucrase-isomaltase purified from the house musk shrew suncus murinus. | we purified sucrase-isomaltase and sucrase-free isomaltase from a normal and a sucrase-deficient line, respectively, of the house musk shrew suncus murinus and examined the effects of mutation on enzyme structure and activities. recent cdna cloning studies have predicted that sucrase-free mutant isomaltase lacks the c-terminal 69 amino acids of normal isomaltase, as well as the entire sucrase. on sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis purified sucrase-free isomaltase gave a single protein band o ... | 2001 | 11341943 |
| chromosomal mapping of 18s-28s rrna genes and 10 cdna clones of human chromosome 1 in the musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the direct r-banding fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method was used to map 18s-28s ribosomal rna genes and 10 human cdna clones on the chromosomes of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). the chromosomal locations of 18s-28s ribosomal rna genes were examined in the five laboratory lines and wild animals captured in the philippines and vietnam, and the genes were found on chromosomes 5, 6, 9, and 13 with geographic variation. the comparative mapping of 10 cdna clones of human chromosome 1 d ... | 2001 | 11447248 |
| [two new species of stivalius (siphonaptera--pygiopsyllidae--pygiopsyllinae) from indonesia]. | the fleas, s. meridionalis n. sp. from timor and s. franciscae n. sp. from sulawesi, indonesia are described and illustrated. s. meridionalis was collected in central timor (timor tengah) at elevations between 930 m and 1,520 m, mainly from the murine rodent rattus tanezumi, although one specimen was recovered from a house shrew, suncus murinus. s. franciscae was collected in central sulawesi (sulawesi tengah) at known elevations between 950 m and 2,255 m from six species of native endemic murin ... | 2001 | 11474982 |
| [resurgence of the plague in the ikongo district of madagascar in 1998. 2. reservoirs and vectors implicated]. | our survey of mammals and fleas arose as a result of an outbreak of bubonic plague at an usually low altitude in the ikongo district (madagascar), while a previous study had found anti-f1 antibodies in an endemic hedgehog. animals were sampled with live traps in two hamlets (antanambao-vohidrotra, 540 m alt. and ambalagoavy, 265 m alt.) and with pitfall traps in a neighbouring forest (750 m alt.). rat fleas were collected by brushing the fur and free-living fleas by use of light traps. the intro ... | 2001 | 11475029 |
| conditioned food aversion in suncus murinus (house musk shrew) - a new model for the study of nausea in a species with an emetic reflex. | the lack of a small animal model with an emetic reflex in which the relationship between conditioned food aversion and emesis could be investigated prompted a study of the insectivore, suncus murinus (the house musk shrew). a novel food (either tuna or chicken cat food) was paired (c+) with a single exposure to either nicotine (4 mg/kg sc), motion (1 hz, 4 cm, 10 min) or lithium chloride (100 mg/kg ip) or was paired (c-) with either saline or sham exposure to motion. nicotine and motion both ind ... | 2001 | 11495664 |
| comparative fish mapping of human cdna clones to chromosomes of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora). | forty-one cdna clones of human functional genes were newly mapped to chromosomes of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora) by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and a comparative cytogenetic map of 51 genes, including 10 genes reported in our previous study, was constructed between human (hsa) and musk shrew (smu) chromosomes. in this comparative map, the 51 genes localized to human autosomes, except hsa 8, 16, and 20, were mapped to 15 shrew autosomes, except smu 4, 16, 17 and 18. twelve ... | 2001 | 11528122 |
| [plague in the port of mahajanga: 6 inhabitants out of 1000 carry the anti-f1 antibody in 1999]. | the authors report the results of a randomized epidemiological survey aiming to assess the sero-prevalence of plague in the general population > or = 2-year-old in mahajanga. in 656 sera tested (by elisa), the prevalence of anti-f1 antibodies was found to be 6.1%@1000 inhabitants, close to the expected prevalence in the area, where plague reappeared in 1991 after 62 years of absence. the study also demonstrated that the shrew, suncus murinus, is an important reservoir in the plague transmission ... | 2000 | 12463025 |
| the suncus (suncus murinus) shows poor metabolic phenotype for trimethylamine n-oxygenation. | in vitro and in vivo n-oxygenation of trimethylamine (tma) in the suncus (suncus murinus) was investigated. the n-oxygenation of tma has been thought to be catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo). in a previous study, we found that the levels of mrnas for fmos were extremely low in the suncus. thus, we intended to evaluate the capacity of the suncus to n-oxygenate tma compared to the rat. eadie-hofstee plots of the tma n-oxygenation by suncus liver microsomes showed a biphasic pattern ... | 2000 | 10631126 |
| a high-level expression of cyp2a in the lung of the suncus (suncus murinus) and its role in the activation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. | northern blot analysis of mrna prepared from the lung of suncus murinus (suncus), which was classified as an ancestor of primates, revealed that the expression level of cytochrome p450 2a (cyp2a) mrna was about 100-fold higher than in the lung from rats and mice. to confirm that the pulmonary cyp2a of the suncus had a catalytic activity, the metabolism of a specific substrate for cyp2a6, (+)-cis-3,5-dimethyl-2-(3-pyridyl) thiazolidin-4-one hydrochloride (sm-12502), was determined. the intrinsic ... | 2000 | 10708563 |
| the effects of cyclophosphamide on neurotransmission in the urinary bladder of suncus murinus, the house musk shrew. | this study has shown that cyclophosphamide treatment of the insectivore suncus murinus, causes a down regulation in both muscarinic and p2x receptors, together with a reduced responsiveness to exogenous histamine (0.3 mm) in the urinary bladder. electrical field stimulation (70 v, 0.3 ms, 0.5-16 hz, 10 s every 5 min) of bladders from both control and cyclophosphamide-treated animals showed identical responses. since post-junctional alterations have been revealed by the reduced responsiveness to ... | 2000 | 10785278 |
| association of the developing acrosome with multiple small golgi units, the golgi satellites, in spermatids of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the spermatozoa of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, have a fan-like giant acrosome with a diameter of approximately 20 mm. the aim of this study was to investigate how this giant acrosome is constructed in the musk shrew spermatid and, in particular, how the golgi apparatus involved in acrosome formation behaves. the behaviour of the golgi apparatus was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy with antibody against a golgi-associated rab6 small gtpase. in the early golgi phase, small golgi ... | 2000 | 10864813 |
| effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormones, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and vasopressin on female sexual behavior. | the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of four neuropeptides on female sexual behavior were examined in the female musk shrew (suncus murinus). in the first experiment, (icv) infusion of 100 ng of the mammalian form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (mgnrh) facilitated rapid display of receptivity. gonadotropin-releasing hormone-infused females had shorter latencies to rump present and tail wag, compared with controls. in a second experiment, icv administration of the other form o ... | 2000 | 10868484 |
| pathogenicity of helicobacter species isolated from the stomach of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | 2000 | 10987673 | |
| the house musk shrew (suncus murinus): a unique animal with extremely low level of expression of mrnas for cyp3a and flavin-containing monooxygenase. | expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes including cytochrome p450 (cyp) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (fmo) in various tissues of suncus murinus (suncus) were examined. northern blot analysis showed that mrnas hybridizable with cdnas for rat cyp1a2, human cyp2a6, rat cyp2b1, human cyp2c8, human cyp2d6, rat cyp2e1, human cyp3a4 and rat cyp4a1 were expressed in various tissues from suncus. the mrna level of cyp2a in the suncus lung was very high. furthermore, it was found that the level of c ... | 2000 | 11048672 |
| structure of the middle ear and auditory tube in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | anatomical features of the middle ear and auditory tube (at) in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, were examined by dissection and light microscopy. the tensor veli palatini (tvp) and tensor tympani (tt) have no connections with the wall or cartilage of the at although they are connected by the intermediate tendon. none of the levator veli palatini (lvp) muscle bundles are attached to the at. the salpingopharyngeus (sa) alone has its origin on the caudal edge of the tubal cartilage. the origi ... | 2000 | 11014919 |
| robertsonian metacentrics of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora, soricidae) lose the telomeric sequences in the centromeric area. | the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, is polymorphic for five robertsonian translocations (rb8.17, 9.13, 10.12, 11.16, 14.15). fluorescence in situ hybridisation with a biotin-labelled oligonucleotide, (ttaggg)7, was performed to localise the telomeric dna sequences at rb chromosomes of heterozygous shrews. hybridisation signals were observed at both ends of all chromosomes, but not at the pericentromeric areas of any of the robertsonian metacentrics. our results indicate a complete loss of the ... | 2000 | 10984840 |
| brief refeeding restores reproductive readiness in food-restricted female musk shrews (suncus murinus). | food deprivation blocks sexual behavior and disrupts estrous cycles in mammals. we asked whether reduced copulatory behavior, produced by limited food intake, could be reversed by brief refeeding intervals in the female musk shrew. in experiment 1, animals were food restricted to 60% of ad lib (fr), and an additional group of fr females were refed for 90 min prior to testing (rf). refed and ad lib (al) fed females were significantly more likely to mate than fr females. to test the hypothesis tha ... | 2000 | 10924283 |
| the emetic and anti-emetic effects of the capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin in suncus murinus, the house musk shrew. | 1. in suncus: murinus the ultrapotent capsaicin analogue resiniferatoxin (rtx) induced an emetic response in the dose range 1 - 1000 microg kg(-1), s.c. the latency was inversely related to dose and ranged from 41.2+/-4.4 min. (1 microg kg(-1), s.c.) to 2.7+/-0.6 min. (1000 microg kg(-1), s.c.). 2. the emetic response to rtx (10 or 100 microg kg(-1), s.c.) was blocked or markedly reduced by pre-treatment with rtx (100 microg kg(-1), s.c.), 8-oh-dpat (100 microg kg(-1), s.c.), morphine (2 mg kg(- ... | 2000 | 10903962 |
| selective breeding of house musk shrew (suncus murinus) lines in relation to emesis induced by veratrine sulfate. | 2000 | 10894492 | |
| peroxidase activity in the submandibular gland of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus (soricidae, insectivora). | endogenous peroxidase activity in the submandibular gland of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus was cytochemically investigated by light and electron microscopy using 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride salt (dab). the submandibular glands of male suncus murinus at 8-month-olds were excised and diced into small pieces. in general, salivary glands are structurally divided into a terminal portion comprising a secretory portion and duct system. the submandibular gland of the suncus murinus, ... | 2000 | 10860402 |
| the development of the emetic reflex in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the emetic (retching and vomiting) reflex is an important component of the body's defence system against accidentally ingested toxins and emesis is also a common symptom of disease and a side-effect of a number of pharmacological therapies. the development of the reflex has been the subject of few systematic studies. the aim of this study was to characterise the development of the emetic reflex in suncus murinus (the house musk shrew) using emetic stimuli acting via three different afferent path ... | 2000 | 10837890 |
| olfactory bulbectomy blocks mating-induced ovulation in musk shrews (suncus murinus). | in many species, reproductive function can be modified by olfactory inputs. we employed bilateral olfactory bulbectomy (bulbx) to examine the effects of disruption of olfactory inputs on mating behavior and ovulation in female musk shrews. on several measures, sexual behavior was delayed in bulbx females compared to controls. when females were mated on five consecutive days, the majority of unoperated and sham-operated (sham) shrews ovulated; only one female subjected to bulbx ovulated. administ ... | 2000 | 10727277 |
| an odontometrical difference in the mandibular molars of two laboratory strains of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, derived from bangladesh and tokunoshima island of japan. | we investigated an odontometrical difference in the mandibular molars (m1, m2, and m3) of two laboratory strains of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) originating in bangladesh (ban strain) and tokunoshima island of japan (tku strain). we used skulls from two strains of shrews that were maintained under identical laboratory conditions. mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters in the trigonid and talonid of the mandibular molars were measured with a measuring microscope, calibrated to 0.001 mm. ... | 1999 | 10693326 |
| morphological features of the spermatic cord in the musk shrew (suncus murinus) with special reference to extratesticular leydig cells. | morphological features of the testicular artery and vein in the spermatic cord of the musk shrew (suncus murinus) were evaluated by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, corrosion cast technique combined with scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. the vascular architecture in the spermatic cord of the musk shrew was simple. the testicular artery in the musk shrew was straight and accompanied by 1 to 3 branches of testicular vein. the testicular vein was also straigh ... | 1999 | 10593578 |
| characterisation of 5-ht2 receptor subtypes in the suncus murinus intestine. | the involvement of 5-ht2 receptor subtypes in mediating a contraction response in the isolated intestine of suncus murinus was investigated using doi ((+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-amino-propane, a 5-ht2 receptor agonist) which produced a bell-shaped concentration response curve that was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by methysergide (a 5-ht1/2 receptor antagonist, 1 microm) but not ketanserin (a 5-ht2a receptor antagonist, 1 microm), yohimbine (a 5-ht2b receptor antagonist, 1 microm) ... | 1999 | 10554884 |
| variables of movement amplitude and frequency in the development of motion sickness in suncus murinus. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different frequency and amplitude of horizontal movements to induce motion sickness and to identify gender differences and adaptation to motion stimulus in adult suncus murinus. each animal was subjected to a horizontal motion stimulus of 3, 7, 13, or 40 mm amplitude at a frequency of 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 hz. the number of vomiting episodes and the latency of onset were recorded over a 10-min period. for the study of adaptation, different ... | 1999 | 10495005 |
| characterization of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors mediating contraction in the intestine of suncus murinus. | 1. the effects of 5-ht and 5-ht agonists to induce contraction and the 5-ht receptors mediating these effects were investigated in the proximal, central and terminal intestinal segments of suncus murinus. 2. the contraction curves to 5-ht (3 nm - 30 microm) were shifted to the right by methysergide (1 microm) and ritanserin (0.1 microm), without affecting the maximum response. 3. in the central and terminal segments (but not the proximal segments) ondansetron (1 microm) and atropine (1 microm) s ... | 1999 | 10482918 |
| a parasympathetic ganglion innervating the harderian gland and lacrimal gland of the musk shrew (suncus murinus): fluorescent tracing and immunohistochemical studies. | a small ganglion, named the peri-trigeminal ganglion (ptg), was found in the ventromedial border of the rostral half of the trigeminal ganglion (tg) in the musk shrew (suncus murinus). in frontal sections, the ptg was semicircular or elliptical in shape. most of the neurons constituting this ganglion were round in shape and much smaller than those of the tg. the retrograde fluorescent tracer fluoro-gold was injected into various regions of the face in order to investigate innervation by the ptg ... | 1999 | 10480019 |
| calbindin and calmodulin localization in the developing vestibular organ of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the distribution of the ca(2+)-binding proteins, calbindin and calmodulin, in the adult inner ear has been described previously. we undertook immunohistochemical investigation of developmental changes in the distribution of calbindin and calmodulin in the vestibular organ of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). expression of calbindin was seen first in the hair cells and the vestibular ganglion on gestational day (gd) 19, in nerve fibres on gd23 and in the otoconia on gd26. on gd19 calmodulin was de ... | 1999 | 10445073 |
| modulation of emesis by fentanyl and opioid receptor antagonists in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the anti-emetic mechanism of action of fentanyl to inhibit nicotine (5 mg/kg, s.c.)-induced emesis was investigated in suncus murinus. the anti-emetic action of fentanyl (40 microg/kg, s.c.) was antagonised by the opioid receptor antagonists naltrexone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), naloxone (1 mg/kg, s.c.), m8008 (16s-methylcyprenorphine; 1 mg/kg, s.c.) and mr 2266 (5,9-diethyl-2-(3-furylmethyl)2'-hydroxy-7,7-benzomorphan; 1 mg/kg) but not by naloxone methylbromide (1 mg/kg, s.c.), naloxone methyliodide (1 m ... | 1999 | 10422643 |
| distinctive neuronal organization of the olfactory bulb of the laboratory shrew. | the organization of the main olfactory bulb of an insectivore, the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus), was studied morphologically. we found particular small spherical regions, nidi, at the border between the glomerular and external plexiform layer (epl), which were intensely gad positive, 30-60 microm in diameter, and where no olfactory nerves were seen. around the nidus small calbindin d28k-positive gabaergic neurons, perinidal cells, were clustered. furthermore, a distinctive type of newly dis ... | 1999 | 10203320 |
| cortisol facilitates induction of sexual behavior in the female musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the role of cortisol in sexual behavior in the female musk shrew (suncus murinus) was examined. high levels of cortisol were associated with sexual receptivity, as indicated by species-typical tail-wagging behavior, during brief (15-min) mating tests. when cortisol production was blocked by metyrapone, an 11-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, females exhibited reduced sexual behavior relative to controls, an effect that was reversed with acute cortisol replacement. these results indicate that cortisol ... | 1999 | 10197916 |
| temporal aspects of female musk shrew (suncus murinus) sexual behavior. | the effects of testing condition on sexual behavior were examined in female musk shrews (suncus murinus). females were tested in 2 conditions, a pair test and a paced test. the pair test was similar to traditional sex test conditions in which the female and male are placed into the same chamber together until mating occurs. the paced condition allowed the female to leave the male's chamber and revisit him at will, thus "pacing" the interaction. females displayed receptivity continuously for 14 d ... | 1999 | 10098271 |
| inhibition of emesis by tachykinin nk1 receptor antagonists in suncus murinus (house musk shrew). | the anti-emetic potential of cp-122,721 ((+)-2s,3s)-3-(2-methoxy-5-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)amino-2-phenylpi peridine), cp-99,994 ((+)-(2s,3s)-3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine), cp-100,263 ((-)-(2r,3r)-3-(2-methoxybenzylamino)-2-phenylpiperidine), rp 67580 ((3r, 7ar)-7,7-diphenyl-2-[1-imino-2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] po-hydroisoindol-4-one), fk 888 (n2-[(4r)-4-hydroxy-1-(1-methyl-1h-in-dole-3-yl)carbonyl-l-propyl] -n-methyl-n-phenylmethyl-1-3-(2-naphthyl)-alaninamide) and gr 82334 ([d-pr ... | 1999 | 10082206 |
| sequence variation and evolution of the mitochondrial dna control region in the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) control region was cloned and sequenced in the musk shrew, suncus murinus, insectivora. the general aspect was similar to that found in other mammals. we have found in two locations of this region the presence of arrays of tandem repeats like those in other shrew species. one array was located in the left domain containing the termination-associated sequences (tas) and the length of a copy was 77 bp. the other repeats were situated upstream from the recogni ... | 1999 | 10734607 |
| periodontitis in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus): a potential animal model for human periodontal disease. | our understanding of periodontal diseases has been facilitated greatly by the use of animal models. however, no animal model has been identified that truly reflects the disease seen in humans. suncus murinus, a rat-sized laboratory house musk shrew, has received attention as a valuable animal model due to ease of handling. in the studies described here, periodontal conditions in suncus murinus were evaluated to determine the usefulness of the shrew as an experimental model for understanding vari ... | 1999 | 10102558 |
| emesis in the shrew mouse (suncus murinus) induced by peroral and intraperitoneal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin a. | peroral and intraperitoneal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin a (sea) to suncus murinus elicited an emetic response. the 50% emetic dose of sea by peroral administration was found to be 32 microg per kg of body weight, whereas that by intraperitoneal administration was 3 microg per kg. multiple emetic responses occurred 70 to 108 min after peroral administration of an emetic dose of sea. similar responses occurred 65 to 102 min after intraperitoneal injection of an emetic dose of sea. ... | 1999 | 10571329 |
| sensitive assay of trimethylamine n-oxide in liver microsomes by headspace gas chromatography with flame thermionic detection. | to compare the trimethylamine n-oxygenase activity of liver microsomes from house musk shrew (suncus murinus) and rat, a sensitive method for the quantitation of trimethylamine (tma) n-oxide was developed using gas chromatography with flame thermionic detection. the limit of quantification was 0.5 microm and the calibration curve was linear at least up to 5 microm in incubations containing liver microsomal preparations from suncus. the intra-day rsd values ranged from 10.4 to 12.8 at 0.5 microm ... | 1999 | 10595729 |
| delayed development of reflexes and hyperactive locomotion in the spontaneous mutant "waltzing" of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the autosomal recessive mutation waltzing (wz), displaying abnormal circling and head-shaking behavior, has previously been reported in the musk shrew (suncus murinus). postnatal development of reflexes and locomotor patterns in an open arena were examined in wz/wz mutant shrews. the wz/wz shrews showed extreme developmental delays in surface-righting reflex and negative geotaxis until 10-16 days after birth, but both reflexes eventually recovered to the levels of +/wz normal. nevertheless, the ... | 1999 | 10480024 |
| phylogenetic positions of insectivora in eutheria inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii gene. | for the elucidation of the phylogenetic position of insectivora in eutheria, we have sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii (coii) gene of mitochondria for three insectivoran species [musk screw (suncus murinus), shrew mole (urotrichus talpoides), japanese mole (mogera wogura)] and analyzed these amino acid sequences with neighbor-joining (nj) method and maximum likelihood (ml) method. nj analysis shows polyphyly of insectivora and chiroptera. assuming that each of primates, ferungulata, ... | 1998 | 9615624 |
| ascending projections from the area postrema and the nucleus of the solitary tract of suncus murinus: anterograde tracing study using phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. | suncus murinus (suncus) is a new experimental animal model for research on the mechanisms underlying emesis. in the present study, we examined the ascending projections from the area postrema (ap) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (nts) in suncus based on anterograde transport of phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin. the ap projected heavily to the dorsal vagal complex, especially in the commissural and medial subnuclei of the nts, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. some ascending fibe ... | 1998 | 9715082 |
| brainstem origin of the efferent components of the cervical vagus nerve in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the brainstem origin of the efferent neurons of the vagus nerve in the house musk shrew, an animal species which has been recently used in researches on emesis, was studied using the retrograde tracing method. the vagus nerve was exposed and cut at the mid-cervical level below the nodose ganglion. horseradish peroxidase was applied to the proximal end of the cut nerve. the brainstem was sectioned and processed histochemically with the tetramethylbenzidine method. the horseradish peroxidase injec ... | 1998 | 9722195 |
| isolation and characterization of helicobacter species from the stomach of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) with chronic gastritis. | a gram-negative, motile bacterium with bipolar sheathed flagella (one at each end) was isolated from the stomach of house musk shrews (suncus murinus) with chronic gastritis. the isolates grew at 37 degrees c under microaerophilic conditions, but not under aerobic conditions; rapidly hydrolyzed urea; were catalase, oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and arginine aminopeptidase positive; reduced nitrate to nitrite; and were resistant to cephalothin and nalidixic acid, but sensitive to tetracycline, e ... | 1998 | 9625789 |
| molecular cloning of sucrase-isomaltase cdna in the house musk shrew suncus murinus and identification of a mutation responsible for isolated sucrase deficiency. | isolated sucrase deficiency has been demonstrated in a line of house musk shrew, suncus murinus (laboratory name: suncus). this animal belongs to the order insectivore and is phylogenetically different from ordinarily used laboratory animals. they are believed to have evolved with mainly animal food without sucrose. to study the molecular basis of the sucrase deficiency in suncus, we cloned 6. 0-kilobase (kb) sucrase-isomaltase (si, ec 3.2.1.48-10) cdna from suncus intestinal cdna library. the c ... | 1998 | 9632713 |
| neuromuscular transmission and innervation in the urinary bladder of the insectivore suncus murinus. | in isolated preparations of the urinary bladder detrusor of the house musk shrew suncus murinus (order: insectivora; family: soricidae), electrical field stimulation (0.5-32 pulses/s) evoked neurogenic contractile responses that were markedly attenuated by atropine (1 microm). the non-cholinergic component was reduced but not abolished by the p2-purinoceptor antagonist, suramin (300 microm). thus, neuromuscular transmission in the suncus urinary bladder is effected by cholinergic and purinergic ... | 1998 | 9672121 |
| [update on plague in madagascar]. | after a thirty year period of successful control, bubonic plague showed the first signs of return in madagascar where a fatal outbreak occurred in antananarivo in 1978. a second outbreak was observed in mahajanga in 1991 after more than a half century. in 1997, 459 confirmed or presumptive cases were reported, as compared to 150 to 250 cases during the last years. however the actual extent of this recrudescence must be placed in the perspective of a more efficient control program that has led to ... | 1998 | 9812306 |
| sex differences in mammalian and chicken-ii gonadotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in musk shrew brain. | many vertebrates have more than one molecular form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) present in brain. in all cases documented to date, gnrh neurons located in the forebrain are critical players in the brain-pituitary-gonadal feedback axis although the details of how steroids regulate gnrh remain elusive. the function of the second form, usually produced in cells in the midbrain, is not known. it has been hypothesized that this gnrh acts as a neurotransmitter. in the musk shrew (suncus mu ... | 1998 | 9843640 |
| neonatal androgen affects copulatory behavior in the female musk shrew. | the role of neonatal testosterone in the development of copulatory behavior was examined in an insectivore, the musk shrew (suncus murinus). female musk shrews were treated with testosterone propionate (tp) for the first 5 days of life and then tested in adulthood for either female or male-like copulatory behavior. early tp had a masculinizing effect; neonatally treated animals mounted a stimulus female more frequently, and with shorter latencies, in response to adult testosterone treatment than ... | 1998 | 9878272 |
| inhibition of anaesthetic-induced emesis by a nk1 or 5-ht3 receptor antagonist in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the effects of a nk1 antagonist, gr205171, and a 5-ht3 antagonist, ondansetron, in a novel model of post-anaesthesia-induced emesis in suncus murinus is described. gr205171 (1 and 3 mg k(-1) s.c) and ondansetron (3 mg kg(-1) s.c.) each significantly inhibited emesis. this model may be useful for studying drugs to treat post-operative nausea and vomiting in man. | 1998 | 9886687 |
| a new spontaneous animal model of niddm without obesity in the musk shrew. | the eds (early-onset diabetes in suncus) colony has been developed as a new closed breeding colony of the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora) exhibiting a high incidence of spontaneous diabetes mellitus. we investigated the characteristic features of diabetic shrews in this colony. all diabetic shrews are characterized by glycosuria (tes-tape value > or = 3+), hyperglycemia (23.3 +/- 0.8 mmol/l) and polyuria, and they were affected by the age of 3 months. cumulative incidence (64.1% in male ... | 1998 | 9515557 |
| inheritance of male hybrid sterility in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora, soricidae). | two geographic races of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were crossed and intercrossed in the laboratory. many cases of male sterility were detected among the hybrids. segregation analysis of the pedigree data showed that the inheritance of male sterility in interracial hybrids of s. murinus can be described within the framework of monogene polyallele model with sterility of a single allele combination. this model is similar if not identical to that proposed by dobzhansky and muller. | 1998 | 9924792 |
| parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the distribution, morphological features, and postnatal development of parvalbumin (pv) immunoreactive neurons in the main olfactory bulb (mob) of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, were studied to report for the first time on pv positive bulbar interneurons in the order insectivora. in adult animals, pv neurons are distributed in the glomerular layer (gl), the external plexiform layer (epl), the internal plexiform layer (ipl) and the granule cell layer (gcl) of the mob. these neurons were id ... | 1998 | 9807013 |
| induction of fos-like immunoreactivity in musk shrews after mating. | in many mammalian species the neuroendocrine regulation of male and female reproductive behavior is sexually dimorphic. by contrast, many features of female sexual behavior in the musk shrew (suncus murinus) more closely resemble those of males than of females of other species. female musk shrews require testosterone (t), which is neurally aromatized to estrogen, to induce sexual behavior. aromatization occurs in the medial preoptic area (mpoa), and this region is critical for the expression of ... | 1998 | 9804874 |
| chromosomal segregation and fertility in robertsonian chromosomal heterozygotes of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora, soricidae). | crucial to our understanding of chromosomal variation and evolution in mammals are detailed studies of chromosomal heterozygotes, with analyses of chromosomal segregation and chromosome-derived infertility. we studied segregation and fertility in hybrids between karyotypic races of the house musk shrew suncus murinus. these individuals were heterozygous for up to five robertsonian fusions (rbs) and an insertion of heterochromatin in an autosome. all variant chromosomes showed mendelian segregati ... | 1998 | 9800372 |
| appearance and distribution of two ca2+-binding proteins during development of the cochlea in the musk shrew. | in the developing cochlea of the musk shrew, suncus murinus, the localization of two ca2+-binding protein, calbindin and calmodulin, which are thought to play different roles in the nervous system, was examined during gestational and postpartum periods. calbindin is thought to play a ca2+ buffering role, while calmodulin activates other proteins. cochleae from the musk shrews sacrificed from gestational day (gd) 15 to postnatal day (pp) 9 and as adults, were immunohistochemically analyzed. the l ... | 1998 | 9733905 |
| toxin-induced iddm (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus) in the musk shrew. | we administered streptozotocin (stz) and alloxan (al) to the musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora) to determine the effective diabetogenic dose of the two toxins for this species. a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 75 mg/kgbw or the consecutive 5-day s injection of 25 mg/kgbw of stz to non-fasted shrews, effectively (100%) induced hyperglycemia (> or = 300 mg/dl) with hypoinsulinaemia (< 30% of control level) in male shrews at 10 days after administration. morphological studies show ... | 1998 | 9718069 |
| an xxy sex chromosome constitution in a house musk shrew (suncus murinus l.) with testicular hypoplasia. | an adult male house muck shrew with an xxy sex chromosome constitution was found in a laboratory-bred colony. maternal origin of the additional x chromosome was demonstrated. the external appearance of the animal was normal, but the testes were small and displayed a high density of interstitial cells. the seminiferous tubules were narrow and contained only sertoli cells. | 1998 | 9713381 |
| co-localization of estrogen receptor and aromatase enzyme immunoreactivities in adult musk shrew brain. | estrogens are produced by the aromatization of androgens. these steroids exert their actions after binding to their receptors. past studies have shown that estrogen receptors (er) and aromatase enzyme (arom) reside in many of the same brain regions. few studies, however, have examined the neural co-localization of these important components involved in estrogen-activated behaviors. in the present study we examined the co-localization of er and arom immunoreactive (ir) neurons in musk shrew (sunc ... | 1998 | 9698499 |
| inheritance of litter size at birth in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora, soricidae). | in this research we estimated the contribution of a major-gene effect to the control of litter size in hybrids between two local populations of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). segregation analysis was performed on the basis of a mixed polygene and major-gene model. the model presumes that two parental populations may differ from each other in gene frequencies and in the values of polygenic effects but not in the major-gene contribution of the trait. moreover, the peculiarity of the trait- ... | 1998 | 9674383 |
| brainstem topology of the vagal motoneurons projecting to the esophagus and stomach in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the central origin of vagal efferents innervating the esophagus and stomach in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, was studied using the retrograde tracing technique. the animals were perfused with fixative 48-72 h after hrp injection and sections were processed by hrp histochemistry. hrp application into the gastroesophagus resulted in bilateral labelling of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmx) and ambiguous nucleus (an). labelled neurons in the dmx were observed from ... | 1998 | 9626945 |
| branches of the vagus nerve destined for the heart and the adjoining great vessels in the house shrew, suncus murinus, with reference to the terminology of the vagal cardiac branches. | in order to help to organize the understanding of the bewildering complexities of the innervation of the mammalian heart by the vagus nerve and to clear up of confusions as regards the vagus cardiac branches, we scrutinized these branches in the adult house shrew, suncus murinus, under a stereomicroscope. a number of branches were given off from the vagus nerve not only to the heart, but also to the adjoining great vessels, both outflowing and inflowing. when compared from the developmental view ... | 1998 | 9617080 |
| open eyelids at birth, a new mutation in the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the mutation designated "open eyelids at birth" arose spontaneously in the ban strain of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). this is the first report on this kind of mutation in the shrew. mating experiments suggested that the mutant character is controlled by an autosomal recessive gene with about 43% penetrance. the symbol oeb(open eyelids at birth) was proposed for the mutant gene. affected shrews were fully viable and fertile. phenotypically, the affected shrews were characterized by one or bot ... | 1998 | 9606420 |
| chromosome pairing in inter-racial hybrids of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora, soricidae). | two chromosome races of the house shrew suncus murinus that differ from each other for five robertsonian translocations (8.17, 9.13, 10.12, 11.16, and 14.15), heterochromatic insertions in chromosomes 7 and x, and multiple rearrangements in the y chromosome were crossed and then intercrossed in captivity to produce a hybrid stock. electron-microscopic analysis of synaptonemal complexes in fertile and sterile hybrid males was carried out. meiosis in sterile males did not progress beyond pachytene ... | 1998 | 9549061 |
| serotonergic neurons are present and innervate blood vessels in the olfactory bulb of the laboratory shrew, suncus murinus. | the distribution and characteristics of serotonin-immunoreactivity in the olfactory bulb of the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus, insectivore) was studied immunohistochemically. serotonergic neurons were found only in the subependymal layer of the main olfactory bulb. these neurons were 8-12 microm in size and bipolar in shape. these serotonergic neurons had smooth nerve fibers which innervate blood vessels located mainly in the subependymal layer of the main olfactory bulb. on the other hand, o ... | 1998 | 9535111 |
| oxidation of fatty acids by kidney microsomes of musk shrew (suncus murinus). | substrate specificity and other properties of a fatty acid monooxygenase system in kidney microsomes of the japanese house musk shrew (suncus murinus) were examined. the suncus kidney microsomes catalyzed the hydroxylation of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids to the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. laurate was most effectively hydroxylated among saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. the specific activity (53.79 +/- 5.59 [mean +/- sd, n = 6] nmol/nmol cytochrome p450/min) of ... | 1998 | 9530812 |
| the period of ovulation and presence of the first polar body of ova ovulated in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the period of ovulation in mature house musk shrews was examined in a natural mating group and a superovulation group treated with gonadotropin. in the natural mating group, ovulation started 14 hr after mating in 3 of the 7 house musk shrews (42.8%), and occurred in all 5 house musk shrews by 15 hr after mating. in the superovulation group, ovulation started 13 hr after the administration of hcg in 3 of the 5 house musk shrews, and was observed in all 5 shrews by 16 hr after the administration. ... | 1997 | 9353637 |
| selective inhibitors of cyclic amp-specific phosphodiesterase: heterocycle-condensed purines. | to reverse the adverse reactions of alkylxanthines and to develop novel inhibitors of cyclic amp-specific phosphodiesterase (pde iv), a series of heterocycle-condensed purines were designed and synthesized. some of these new compounds had similar or more potent and selective inhibitory activity against pde iv than known pde iv inhibitors. the tracheal-relaxant activity of these compounds was closely correlated with their pde iv-inhibitory activity. moreover, these purine analogues did not have a ... | 1997 | 9379444 |
| antiemetic effects of morphine on motion- and drug-induced emesis in suncus murinus. | emetic and antiemetic effects of morphine were investigated in suncus murinus. subcutaneous (up to 30 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular administration (50 micrograms) of morphine failed to cause emesis. however, pretreatment with morphine (s.c.) prevented the emesis induced by nicotine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), copper sulfate (40 mg/kg, p.o.), cisplatin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and motion stimulus. these results suggest that morphine has only antiemetic potency and may block a common mechanism for the emetic re ... | 1997 | 9255411 |
| blood supply to the retina in the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus). | the blood supply to both retinae was studied light microscopically and by scanning electron microscopy in 48 adult laboratory shrews (suncus murinus) of both sexes. thirty-eight of the animals were injected into the left ventricle with neoprene latex (du pont. 601a) or with mercox (dai nippon ink ltd., cl-2r) to elucidate the blood supply to the retina from the ophthalmic artery. the remaining animals were kept for histological study of the retina. the central retinal artery, originating from th ... | 1997 | 9229077 |
| the unusual state of the cumulus oophorus and of sperm behaviour within it, in the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | in the musk shrew, suncus murinus, the behaviour of the cumulus-egg complex and its interaction with spermatozoa were unusual in several respects. the cumulus oophorus was ovulated about 15.5 h after mating or treatment with hcg as a hyaluronidase-insensitive matrix-free ball of cells which remained for relatively long periods of about 14 h around fertilized, and for about 24 h around unfertilized eggs. as a probable function of the small number of up to about 10 or 20 spermatozoa that generally ... | 1997 | 9227366 |
| ovulation induction and gamete transport in the female tract of the musk shrew, suncus murinus. | the musk shrew suncus murinus was studied with regard to induction of ovulation, the genesis and role of the vaginal copulation plug, and the behaviour of gametes and embryos within the fallopian tube. ovulation occurred about 15 h after ejaculation, which required a mean of 5.2 (range 2-10) intromittent thrusts. since ovulation occurred also after five thrusts without ejaculation, and after ejaculation without plug formation or sperm deposition, the primary stimulus for this seemed to be the th ... | 1997 | 9227365 |
| involvement of a peripheral mechanism in the emesis induced by cardiac glycosides in suncus murinus. | the ability of three cardiac glycosides, ouabain, digitonin and digitoxin, to induce emesis and their mechanism(s) of action were investigated in suncus murinus. the intraperitoneal injection of ouabain but not digitonin nor digitoxin caused vomiting in a dose-dependent manner. however, the administration of ouabain into the cerebroventricle did not cause emesis. ouabain-induced emesis was partly prevented by surgical abdominal vagotomy. pretreatment with tropisetron, a selective 5-ht3 (5-hydrox ... | 1997 | 9178926 |
| coexistence of tyrosine hydroxylase and serotonin in the raphe nucleus of the laboratory shrew (suncus murinus) during postnatal life. | immunoreactivity (ir) of tyrosine hydoroxylase (th), which is the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine (ca) synthesis, was observed in the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nucleus (rn) of the newborn laboratory shrew from postnatal day (p) 0 to p14. using an immunohistochemical method involving highly specific antibodies produced in our laboratory, we found that these rn neurons were th-, gtp cyclohydrolase i-, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase-immunoreactive, but dopa- and dopamine-immunone ... | 1997 | 9088574 |
| comparative anatomical studies on the thyroid and thymic arteries. v. house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the thyroid and thymic arteries were investigated in 36 male and 36 female house musk shrews. the superior thyroid artery was constant. the artery arose, in the most instances, from the external carotid arteries. the artery, in about one fourth instances, sent both the superior and inferior branches supplying the gland and the former branch terminated in the superior and inferior laryngeal arteries. the latter branch was independent in the remaining instances. the superior laryngeal artery was i ... | 1997 | 9128061 |
| robertsonian chromosomal variation in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus, insectivora:soricidae) and the colonization history of the species. | a high-resolution g-banding technique was used to identify five metacentrics that characterize suncus murinus from sri lanka. these metacentrics were shown to be the product of robertsonian fusion of acrocentric chromosomes identical to those in the standard karyotype defined by m.b. rogatcheva et al. two of the metacentrics in the sri lankan shrews (rb(10.12) and rb(14.15)) were the same as those reported by c.h. sam et al. in malayan populations of s. murinus. this finding provides strong supp ... | 1997 | 9061910 |
| behavioral regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone production. | in vertebrates reproductive readiness requires coordination between the sexes. behavioral interactions with potential mates can initiate the neuroendocrine events that are required for successful copulation, ovulation, and fertilization. regardless of the efferent pathway used, their targets are the neurons that produce and secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh). several excellent animal models are currently under use to study the relationship between behavior and gnrh. in the musk shrew ... | 1997 | 9370211 |
| ethanol-induced emesis in the house musk shrew, suncus murinus. | ethanol-induced emesis were investigated using suncus murinus and the emetogenic mechanisms of ethanol were compared with those of cisplatin. intraperitoneal injection of ethanol caused dose-dependent emesis with ed50 value of 22.3% (v/v) when injection volume was adjusted to 4 ml/kg. intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injection of acetaldehyde also caused dose-dependent emesis (ed50 = 3.5% (v/v) with an extremely shorter latency (6% i.p.: 1.0 +/- 0.3 min cf. 40% ethanol: 13.0 +/- 1.9 min). neithe ... | 1997 | 9010480 |
| entomological and rodent surveillance in plague-suspected areas during september 1994 and thereafter. | studies carried out in the states of maharashtra, gujarat, uttar pradesh and union territory of delhi after the bubonic plague outbreak during 1994 revealed the presence of seven species of rodents, viz. rattus rattus, r. norvegicus, mus. musculus, tatera indica, suncus murinus, bandicoota bengalensis and b. indica. the flea species encountered were xenopsylla cheopis and x. astia. the x. cheopis and x. astia index recorded in different areas of beed district of maharashtra; surat, vadodra and b ... | 1997 | 9556751 |
| opposite effects of isoniazid and fasting on the expression of cyp2e1 protein and mrna in house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the effects of isoniazid and fasting on hepatic cyp2e1 in the suncus were investigated. aniline hydroxylation and n-nitrosodimethylamine demethylation, which are known to be catalyzed by cyp2e1, in liver microsomes were induced and suppressed by the treatment with isoniazid and the fasting, respectively. immunoblot analysis indicated that cyp2e1 protein in liver microsomes from isoniazid-treated suncus was increased in contrast to the result with the fasting of the suncus. northern blot analysis ... | 1997 | 9063569 |
| low activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) in liver of suncus murinus: possible explanation for high sensitivity to alcohol. | suncus murinus (suncus) is an animal species highly sensitive to ethanol (lin, s.-c., saito, h., yohro, t. and shiga, j.,j. toxicol. env. health, 18: 575-587, 1986). to elucidate the mechanism involved in sensitivity to alcohol, we investigated that properties of alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) in the suncus in comparison with the rat. the activities of aldh in microsomes and mitochondria of suncus livers were lower than those in rat livers, although the activity of ... | 1997 | 9198008 |
| significance of the localization of large granules in the thyrogonadotrophs of the musk shrew (suncus murinus). | in order to examine the significance of small round and large granules in the thyrogonadotrophs of the musk shrew, we investigated the differences of numbers, distribution patterns and/or immunoreactivities of the large granules in the thyrogonadotrophs among the newborn, infant and adult musk shrews. as a result, we observed that the thyrogonadotrophs exist in newborn musk shrew, but the large granules were few in number and immunoreactivity on the granules was weak. the ratio of the number of ... | 1997 | 9225488 |
| superovulation induction in the house musk shrew (suncus murinus). | the number of ovulated oocytes in the adult house musk shrews was examined by natural mating. the positive rate of ovulation was 83.3%, and the mean number of ovulated oocytes was 4.4 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- sd). the induction of superovulation was examined by administering either pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (pmsg) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), exogenous gonadotropin, to house musk shrews. as a result, the number of ovulated oocytes were within the number of oocytes ovulated spontaneou ... | 1997 | 9250478 |
| male/female differences in drug-induced emesis and motion sickness in suncus murinus. | in order to elucidate possible male/female differences in emesis, the effects of various emetogenic drugs (cisplatin, copper sulfate, veratrine, nicotine, serotonin) and motion stimulus were compared between male and female suncus murinus. cisplatin (ip), nicotine (sc), veratrine (sc) and copper sulfate (po) induced dose-dependent emesis in either sex, and there was no apparent difference in estimated ed50 values. however, male animals tended to be more susceptible to serotonin-induced emesis. t ... | 1997 | 9258999 |
| pepsinogens and pepsins from house musk shrew, suncus murinus: purification, characterization, determination of the amino-acid sequences of the activation segments, and analysis of proteolytic specificities. | three pepsinogens, namely, pepsinogens a, c-1, and c-2, were purified from gastric mucosa of adult house musk shrew (suncus murinus) by conventional chromatographic and gel filtration procedures. the molecular masses were 40, 39, and 41 kda for pepsinogens a, c-1, and c-2, respectively. pepsinogen c-2 contains an asn-linked carbohydrate chain(s) of about 2 kda. each pepsinogen was converted to pepsin through an intermediate form under acidic conditions. by nh2-terminal sequence analysis of these ... | 1997 | 9354369 |
| localization of the genes for major ribosomal rna on chromosomes of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus, at meiotic and mitotic cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization and silver staining. | the genes for major ribosomal rna were localized on chromosomes 5pter-p15, 9q64-qter, and 13q38-qter of the house musk shrew, suncus murinus (insectivora, soricidae) by silver staining of mitotic metaphase and meiotic pachytene spreads and fluorescence in situ hybridization using the human 28s-rna genes as a probe to mitotic metaphase spreads. the data presented indicate a correlation between sites of in situ hybridization and silver staining. the finding of nuclear materials in mitosis was in a ... | 1997 | 9418261 |
| distribution pattern of hnf-3beta proteins in developing embryos of two mammalian species, the house shrew and the mouse. | the pattern of expression of hnf-3beta in organizing centers and axial structures during early vertebrate development suggests an important role for this protein in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. to establish whether the pattern of expression during embryogenesis is species specific, a comparative immunohistochemical study of two mammalian species, the house shrew, insectivore, and the mouse was carried out; it is difficult to obtain accurate morphological differences from the st ... | 1997 | 9493826 |
| segregation analysis of animal pedigree data from inter-population crosses. | the general method of segregation analysis of pedigree data has been developed and widely used in human genetics. we modified this method to examine pedigree data coming from inter-population crosses. these kinds of pedigrees are common in laboratory and farm animal breeding. this paper describes a rationale for the method and illustrates its application to the study of inheritance of litter size and of male sterility in hybrid stock of the house musk shrew (suncus murinus) derived from crosses ... | 1997 | 9511225 |
| [chromosome coupling in robertsonian heterozygotes in common (sorex araneus) and musk (suncus murinus) shrews]. | 1997 | 9376804 | |
| [geography of chromosomes of natural populations of the shrews sorex araneus and suncus murinus]. | the geographic distribution of chromosome races of two shrew species (sorex araneus and suncus murinus) was analyzed on the basis of published data and personal results. it was shown that expansion of both species was accompanied by fixation of different chromosome rearrangements (mainly robertsonian translocations) in isolates. chromosome polymorphism studied from the viewpoint of ecology and geography of these species allows reconstruction of their evolutionary history and understanding of the ... | 1997 | 9378305 |
| [parasitic infections among wild rats from two areas of kaohsiung]. | wild rats including four strains were captured for examination of parasitic infections. the numbers were 101 from areas of kaohsiung harbor and 98 from areas of kaohsiung airport. most of the examined wild rats were rattus norvegicus and second most were suncus murinus. the infection rates of intestinal helminths in rats of both areas did not display any significant difference. the overall infection rate was 29.6%. the infection rate was highest in r. norvegicus and the most frequently found par ... | 1996 | 8709181 |