Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the flaviviridae and related viruses. | viruses of the family flaviviridae are important pathogens of humans and other animals and are currently classified into four genera. to better understand their diversity, evolutionary history, and genomic flexibility, we used transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) to search for the viruses related to the flaviviridae in a range of potential invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. accordingly, we recovered the full genomes of five segmented jingmenviruses and 12 distant relatives of the known flavivirida ... | 2015 | 26491167 |
| vaccination against bm86 homologues in rabbits does not impair ixodes ricinus feeding or oviposition. | human tick-borne diseases that are transmitted by ixodes ricinus, such as lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis, are on the rise in europe. diminishing i. ricinus populations in nature can reduce tick exposure to humans, and one way to do so is by developing an anti-vector vaccine against tick antigens. currently, there is only one anti-vector vaccine available against ticks, which is a veterinary vaccine based on the tick antigen bm86 in the gut of rhipicephalus microplus. bm86 vaccine f ... | 2015 | 25919587 |
| unprecedented genomic diversity of rna viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense rna viruses. | although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. through rna sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense rna viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. with this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain ... | 2015 | 25633976 |
| ixodes scapularis and ixodes ricinus tick cell lines respond to infection with tick-borne encephalitis virus: transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. | ixodid ticks are important vectors of a wide variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. although several studies have elucidated tick responses to bacteria, little is known about the tick response to viruses. to gain insight into the response of tick cells to flavivirus infection, the transcriptomes and proteomes of two ixodes spp cell lines infected with the flavivirus tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) were analysed. | 2015 | 26582129 |
| distinctive genome reduction rates revealed by genomic analyses of two coxiella-like endosymbionts in ticks. | genome reduction is a hallmark of symbiotic genomes, and the rate and patterns of gene loss associated with this process have been investigated in several different symbiotic systems. however, in long-term host-associated coevolving symbiont clades, the genome size differences between strains are normally quite small and hence patterns of large-scale genome reduction can only be inferred from distant relatives. here we present the complete genome of a coxiella-like symbiont from rhipicephalus tu ... | 2015 | 26025560 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| nanoparticles as potential new generation broad spectrum antimicrobial agents. | the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistant strains to conventional antimicrobial agents has complicated and prolonged infection treatment and increased mortality risk globally. furthermore, some of the conventional antimicrobial agents are unable to cross certain cell membranes thus, restricting treatment of intracellular pathogens. therefore, the disease-causing-organisms tend to persist in these cells. however, the emergence of nanoparticle (np) technology has come with the promising broad ... | 2015 | 26329777 |
| emerging horizons for tick-borne pathogens: from the 'one pathogen-one disease' vision to the pathobiome paradigm. | ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in europe. recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integrated view that embraces the 'pathobiome'; the pathogenic agent integrated within its abiotic and bioti ... | 2015 | 26610021 |
| insights into the development of ixodes scapularis: a resource for research on a medically important tick species. | ticks (acari: ixodida) are arthropod ectoparasites dependent on a bloodmeal from a vertebrate host at each developmental stage for completion of their life cycle. this tick feeding cycle impacts animal health by causing damage to hides, secondary infections, immune reactions and diseases caused by transmission of pathogens. the genus ixodes includes several medically important species that vector diseases, including granulocytic anaplasmosis and lyme disease. i. scapularis, commonly called the b ... | 2015 | 26576940 |
| integration of ixodes ricinus genome sequencing with transcriptome and proteome annotation of the naïve midgut. | in europe, ixodes ricinus ticks are the most important vectors of diseases threatening humans, livestock, wildlife and companion animals. nevertheless, genomic sequence information is missing and functional annotation of transcripts and proteins is limited. this lack of information is restricting studies of the vector and its interactions with pathogens and hosts. here we present and integrate the first analysis of the i. ricinus genome with the transcriptome and proteome of the unfed i. ricinus ... | 2015 | 26510422 |
| emerging tick-borne infections in mainland china: an increasing public health threat. | since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in mainland china, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in the family anaplasmataceae, six genospecies in the complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 11 species of babesia, and the virus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. in this review we have mapped the geographical distributions of human cases of infection. 15 of the 33 emerging tick-borne agents have be ... | 2015 | 26453241 |
| ixodes ricinus and its endosymbiont midichloria mitochondrii: a comparative proteomic analysis of salivary glands and ovaries. | hard ticks are hematophagous arthropods that act as vectors of numerous pathogenic microorganisms of high relevance in human and veterinary medicine. ixodes ricinus is one of the most important tick species in europe, due to its role of vector of pathogenic bacteria such as borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum, of viruses such as tick borne encephalitis virus and of protozoans as babesia spp. in addition to these pathogens, i. ricinus harbors a symbiotic bacterium, midichloria mito ... | 2015 | 26398775 |
| a broad-range survey of ticks from livestock in northern xinjiang: changes in tick distribution and the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. | borreliosis is highly prevalent in xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. however, little is known about the presence of borrelia pathogens in tick species in this region, in addition borrelia pathogens have not been isolated from domestic animals. | 2015 | 26337627 |
| modulation of host immunity by tick saliva. | next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. functional data are, however, lacking. given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland ... | 2015 | 26189360 |
| nuclease tudor-sn is involved in tick dsrna-mediated rna interference and feeding but not in defense against flaviviral or anaplasma phagocytophilum rickettsial infection. | tudor staphylococcal nuclease (tudor-sn) and argonaute (ago) are conserved components of the basic rna interference (rnai) machinery with a variety of functions including immune response and gene regulation. the rnai machinery has been characterized in tick vectors of human and animal diseases but information is not available on the role of tudor-sn in tick rnai and other cellular processes. our hypothesis is that tick tudor-sn is part of the rnai machinery and may be involved in innate immune r ... | 2015 | 26186700 |
| inhibition of the endosymbiont "candidatus midichloria mitochondrii" during 16s rrna gene profiling reveals potential pathogens in ixodes ticks from australia. | the australian paralysis tick (ixodes holocyclus) is of significant medical and veterinary importance as a cause of dermatological and neurological disease, yet there is currently limited information about the bacterial communities harboured by these ticks and the risk of infectious disease transmission to humans and domestic animals. ongoing controversy about the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (the aetiological agent of lyme disease) in australia increases the need to accurately id ... | 2015 | 26108374 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in humans in a rural area of paraná state, brazil. | this study describes the detection of borrelia garinii and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) in brazilian individuals using pcr and dna sequencing. our results suggest that these species are emerging pathogens in this country, and additional studies are necessary to determine the epidemiological characteristics of this disease in brazil. | 2015 | 26273276 |
| conserved amblyomma americanum tick serpin19, an inhibitor of blood clotting factors xa and xia, trypsin and plasmin, has anti-haemostatic functions. | tick saliva serine protease inhibitors (serpins) facilitate tick blood meal feeding through inhibition of protease mediators of host defense pathways. we previously identified a highly conserved amblyomma americanum serpin 19 that is characterised by its reactive center loop being 100% conserved in ixodid ticks. in this study, biochemical characterisation reveals that the ubiquitously transcribed a. americanum serpin 19 is an anti-coagulant protein, inhibiting the activity of five of the eight s ... | 2015 | 25957161 |
| tick microbiome: the force within. | ticks are obligate blood-feeders and serve as vectors of human and livestock pathogens worldwide. defining the tick microbiome and deciphering the interactions between the tick and its symbiotic bacteria in the context of tick development and pathogen transmission will likely reveal new insights and spawn new paradigms to control tick-borne diseases. descriptive observations on the tick microbiome that began almost a century ago serve as forerunners to the gathering momentum to define the tick m ... | 2015 | 25936226 |
| identification of 24h ixodes scapularis immunogenic tick saliva proteins. | ixodes scapularis is arguably the most medically important tick species in the united states. this tick transmits 5 of the 14 human tick-borne disease (tbd) agents in the usa: borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, b. miyamotoi, babesia microti, and powassan virus disease. except for the powassan virus disease, i. scapularis-vectored tbd agents require more than 24h post attachment to be transmitted. this study describes identification of 24h immunogenic i. scapularis tick saliva prote ... | 2015 | 25825233 |
| tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide. | the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ... | 2015 | 27047089 |
| rhipicephalus microplus and ixodes ovatus cystatins in tick blood digestion and evasion of host immune response. | cystatins are a group of cysteine protease inhibitors responsible for physiological proteolysis regulation and present in a wide range of organisms. studies about this class of inhibitors in parasites have contributed to clarify their roles in important physiological processes, like blood digestion and modulation of host immune response during blood feeding. thus, cystatins are a subject of research on the development of new parasite control methods. additionally, the characterization of protein ... | 2015 | 25889092 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks from eastern china. | to explore the tick distribution and prevalence of borrelia in zhejiang province, we performed a survey in nine sites. a total of 447 adult ticks of 11 species were captured and the dominant tick species were haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes sinensis and the abundance of tick species in different areas varied significantly. overall, 4.70% of the ticks were polymerase chain reaction (pcr) positive for borrelia. the average pcr positive rates were 5.19% for h. longicornis, 3.45% for amblyomma ... | 2015 | 25548382 |
| potentially novel ehrlichia species in horses, nicaragua. | ehrlichia sp. dna was amplified from 4 ehrlichia-seroreactive horses from mérida, nicaragua. sequencing of 16s rdna, sodb, and groel genes indicated that the bacterium is most likely a novel ehrlichia species. the tick vector and the potential for canine and human infection remain unknown. | 2015 | 25625228 |
| investigation of tick-borne bacteria (rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp. and borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in ecuador. | ixodid ticks play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious diseases. information about the circulation of tick-borne bacteria in ticks is lacking in ecuador. our aims were to investigate the tick species that parasitize andean tapirs and cattle, and those present in the vegetation from the buffer zone of the antisana ecological reserve and cayambe-coca national park (ecuador), and to investigate the presence of tick-borne bacteria. | 2015 | 25616567 |
| tick-borne pathogens and the vector potential of ticks in china. | ticks, as obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites, attack a broad range of vertebrates and transmit a great diversity of pathogenic microorganisms. they are considered second only to mosquitoes as vectors of human disease, and the most important vector of pathogens of domestic and wild animals. of the 117 described species in the chinese tick fauna, 60 are known to transmit one or more diseases: 36 species isolated within china and 24 species isolated outside china. moreover, 38 of these species ca ... | 2015 | 25586007 |
| development of a generic ehrlichia fret-qpcr and investigation of ehrlichioses in domestic ruminants on five caribbean islands. | the ehrlichia are obligate intracellular gram-negative tick-borne bacteria that are important human and animal pathogens. there is a need for assays to rapidly and reliably detect and differentiate the five generally recognized species into groups in a single reaction: e. canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, e. muris and e. ruminantium. | 2015 | 26438311 |
| laboratory evaluation of efficacy and persistence of a 1% w/w fipronil pour-on formulation (topline®) against glossina palpalis gambiensis, diptera: glossinidae. | one zebu bull of 365 kg live weight was treated along the back line with 36 ml of fipronil as a pour-on formulation. long-lasting mortalities of glossina palpalis gambiensis were recorded despite exposure to sunlight and regular rinsing with 50 l of water during the following 5 months. significantly higher mortalities were still observed even 140, 170 and 190 days after treatment following their triple releases or triple feeding of caged tsetse on the treated bull. mortalities of 70, 80 and 44%, ... | 2015 | 25944739 |
| tick-borne haemoparasites in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) from two wildlife areas in northern botswana. | the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is a host for many pathogens known to cause economically important diseases and is often considered an important reservoir for livestock diseases. theileriosis, heartwater, babesiosis and anaplasmosis are considered the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa, resulting in extensive economic losses to livestock farmers in endemic areas. information on the distribution of tick-borne diseases and ticks is scarce in northern botswa ... | 2015 | 25589064 |
| deep sequencing analysis of the ixodes ricinus haemocytome. | ixodes ricinus is the main tick vector of the microbes that cause lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis in europe. pathogens transmitted by ticks have to overcome innate immunity barriers present in tick tissues, including midgut, salivary glands epithelia and the hemocoel. molecularly, invertebrate immunity is initiated when pathogen recognition molecules trigger serum or cellular signalling cascades leading to the production of antimicrobials, pathogen opsonization and phagocytosis. we pres ... | 2015 | 25970599 |
| tissue- and time-dependent transcription in ixodes ricinus salivary glands and midguts when blood feeding on the vertebrate host. | ixodes ricinus is a tick that transmits the pathogens of lyme and several arboviral diseases. pathogens invade the tick midgut, disseminate through the hemolymph, and are transmitted to the vertebrate host via the salivary glands; subverting these processes could be used to interrupt pathogen transfer. here, we use massive de novo sequencing to characterize the transcriptional dynamics of the salivary and midgut tissues of nymphal and adult i. ricinus at various time points after attachment on t ... | 2015 | 25765539 |
| rhipicephalus microplus serine protease inhibitor family: annotation, expression and functional characterisation assessment. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus evades the host's haemostatic system through a complex protein array secreted into tick saliva. serine protease inhibitors (serpins) conform an important component of saliva which are represented by a large protease inhibitor family in ixodidae. these secreted and non-secreted inhibitors modulate diverse and essential proteases involved in different physiological processes. | 2015 | 25564202 |
| the venomous cocktail of the vampire snail colubraria reticulata (mollusca, gastropoda). | hematophagy arose independently multiple times during metazoan evolution, with several lineages of vampire animals particularly diversified in invertebrates. however, the biochemistry of hematophagy has been studied in a few species of direct medical interest and is still underdeveloped in most invertebrates, as in general is the study of venom toxins. in cone snails, leeches, arthropods and snakes, the strong target specificity of venom toxins uniquely aligns them to industrial and academic pur ... | 2015 | 26054852 |
| proteomic screening of antigenic proteins from the hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae). | proteomic tools allow large-scale, high-throughput analyses for the detection, identification, and functional investigation of proteome. for detection of antigens from haemaphysalis longicornis, 1-dimensional electrophoresis (1-de) quantitative immunoblotting technique combined with 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) immunoblotting was used for whole body proteins from unfed and partially fed female ticks. reactivity bands and 2-de immunoblotting were performed following 2-de electrophoresis t ... | 2015 | 25748713 |
| saliva from nymph and adult females of haemaphysalis longicornis: a proteomic study. | haemaphysalis longicornis is a major vector of theileria spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia spp. and coxiella burnetti in east asian countries. all life stages of ixodid ticks have a destructive pool-feeding style in which they create a pool-feeding site by lacerating host tissue and secreting a variety of biologically active compounds that allows the tick to evade host responses, enabling the uptake of a blood meal. the identification and functional characterization of tick saliva protein ... | 2015 | 26104117 |
| identification and molecular characterization of two acetylcholinesterases from the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) is an important enzyme in cholinergic synapses. most arthropods have two genes (ace1 and ace2), but only one encodes the predominant synaptic ache, the main target for organophosphates. resistance towards organophosphates is widespread in the marine arthropod lepeophtheirus salmonis. to understand this trait, it is essential to characterize the gene(s) coding for ache(s). the full length cdna sequences encoding two aches in l. salmonis were molecularly characterized i ... | 2015 | 25938836 |
| angiotensin-converting enzymes modulate aphid-plant interactions. | angiotensin-converting enzymes (aces) are key components of the renin-angiotensin system in mammals. however, the function of ace homologs in insect saliva is unclear. aphids presumably deliver effector proteins via saliva into plant cells to maintain a compatible insect-plant interaction. in this study, we showed that ace modulates aphid-plant interactions by affecting feeding behavior and survival of aphids on host plants. three ace genes were identified from the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum ... | 2015 | 25744345 |
| identification and comparative analysis of subolesin/akirin ortholog from ornithodoros turicata ticks. | subolesin is an evolutionary conserved molecule in diverse arthropod species that play an important role in the regulation of genes involved in immune responses, blood digestion, reproduction and development. in this study, we have identified a subolesin ortholog from soft ticks ornithodoros turicata, the vector of the relapsing fever spirochete in the united states. | 2015 | 25889484 |
| molecular characterization of a defensin gene from a hard tick, dermacentor silvarum. | ticks are distributed worldwide and considered as vectors of many human diseases. tick defensins, a family of antimicrobial peptides, form the first line of defense against pathogens. | 2015 | 25588982 |
| histoarchitecture of the ovary of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus during pre- and postengorgement period. | the present communication describes the detailed day wise study of histological changes of the ovary of rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus in the postengorgement period together with the systematic classification of their oocytes. the ovary of r. (b.) annulatus is panoistic type with an asynchronous development of oocytes. all the stages (ii, iii, iv, and v) of oocytes except stage i were similar to r. (b.) microplus. the stage i oocytes showed basophilia, which was not reported earlier in othe ... | 2015 | 25664337 |
| native strains of beauveria bassiana for the control of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. | rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks are widespread worldwide due to their adaptability to survive under different environmental conditions. they may act as vectors of a wide range of pathogens to humans and animals and their control is based on the use of chemical products on dogs and in the environment. alternative control strategies, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi as bio-control agents have also been investigated. the ability of native strains of beauveria bassiana sensu lato ... | 2015 | 25651851 |
| midgut proteome of an argasid tick, ornithodoros erraticus: a comparison between unfed and engorged females. | the argasid tick ornithodoros erraticus is the vector of african swine fever virus and of several borrelia species that cause human relapsing fever in the iberian peninsula. the tick midgut is part of the ectoparasite-host interface and expresses proteins that are vital for the survival of the tick. midgut proteins are therefore potential targets for drug and/or vaccine design aimed at the development of new strategies for tick control. thus, the aim of this work was the characterization of the ... | 2015 | 26459090 |
| treatment of livestock with systemic insecticides for control of anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | despite the implementation of vector control strategies, including insecticide-treated bed nets (itn) and indoor residual spraying (irs) in western kenya, this area still experiences high level of malaria transmission. novel vector control tools are required which target such vector species, such as anopheles arabiensis, that feed outdoors and have minimal contact with itns and irs. | 2015 | 26377691 |
| functional characterization of a cystatin from the tick rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides. | ticks and tick-borne diseases affect animal and human health worldwide and cause significant economic losses in the animal industry. functional molecular research is important to understand the biological characteristics of ticks at the molecular level. enzymes and enzyme inhibitory molecules play very important roles in tick physiology, and the cystatins are tight-binding inhibitors of papain-like cysteine proteases. to this end, a novel cystatin, designated rhcyst-1, was isolated from the tick ... | 2015 | 25889816 |
| missed retained tick: "look for the legs". | 2015 | 26900234 | |
| genetic characterization and molecular survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia ovata in cattle, dairy cattle and yaks in china. | babesiosis is an important haemoparasitic disease, caused by the infection and subsequent intra-erythrocytic multiplication of protozoa of the genus babesia that impacts the livestock industry and animal health. the distribution, epidemiology and genetic characterization of b. bigemina, b. bovis, and b. ovata in cattle in china as well as the prevalence of these protozoan agents were assessed. | 2015 | 26452623 |
| lipopolysaccharide-induced differential expression of mirnas in male and female rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides ticks. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulates the innate immune response in arthropods. in tick vectors, lps activates expression of immune genes, including those for antibacterial peptides. mirnas are 21-24 nt non-coding small rnas that regulate target mrnas at the post-transcriptional level. however, our understanding of tick innate immunity is limited to a few cellular immune reactions and some characterized immune molecules. moreover, there is little information on the regulation of the immune system ... | 2015 | 26430879 |
| a pcr-rflp assay targeting rps8 gene for the discrimination between bovine babesia and theileria species in china. | bovine babesiosis and theileriosis is an important hemoprotozoal disease in cattles and yaks in tropical and subtropical regions leading to significant economic losses. in the field, the risk of co-infection between the bovine babesia and theileria species is very high. thus, it is necessary to develop a simple, accurate, rapid and cost-effective method for large-scale epidemic investigation, in particular for the detection of co-infection in field. | 2015 | 26382041 |
| age and prior blood feeding of anopheles gambiae influences their susceptibility and gene expression patterns to ivermectin-containing blood meals. | ivermectin has been proposed as a novel malaria transmission control tool based on its insecticidal properties and unique route of acquisition through human blood. to maximize ivermectin's effect and identify potential resistance/tolerance mechanisms, it is important to understand its effect on mosquito physiology and potential to shift mosquito population age-structure. we therefore investigated ivermectin susceptibility and gene expression changes in several age groups of female anopheles gamb ... | 2015 | 26471037 |
| a national assessment of the epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, china. | first discovered in rural areas of middle-eastern china in 2009, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (sfts) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis affecting hundreds of cases reported in china each year. using the national surveillance data from 2010 to 2013, we conducted this retrospective epidemiological study and risk assessment of sfts in china. we found that the incidence of sfts and its epidemic areas are continuing to grow, but the case fatality rate (cfr) has steadily decreased. sfts ... | 2015 | 25902910 |
| development of a pan-babesia fret-qpcr and a survey of livestock from five caribbean islands. | babesia spp. are tick-borne protozoan hemoparasites and the second most common blood-borne parasites of mammals, in particular domestic animals. we used the clustal multiple alignment program and 18s rrna gene sequences of 22 babesia species from genbank to develop a pcr that could detect a wide variety of babesia spp. in a single reaction. the pan-babesia fret-qpcr we developed reliably detected b. gibsoni, b. canis, b. vogeli, b. microti, b. bovis, and b. divergens under controlled conditions ... | 2015 | 26423577 |
| characterisation of dermanyssus gallinae glutathione s-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins. | glutathione s-transferases (gsts) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (gsh) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. as a result, knowledge of gsts can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economicall ... | 2015 | 26112960 |
| the role of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia in dipetalogaster maxima (hemiptera: reduviidae), a vector of chagas' disease. | in this work, we have investigated the involvement of dmcatd, a cathepsin d-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia of dipetalogaster maxima, a hematophagous insect vector of chagas' disease. for the studies, fat bodies, ovaries and hemolymph were sampled from anautogenous females at representative days of the reproductive cycle: pre-vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis as well as early and late atresia. real time pcr (qpcr) and western blot assays showed that dmcatd ... | 2015 | 26091289 |
| targeted silencing of the aquaporin 2 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus reduces tick fitness. | ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that can affect human and animal health both directly by blood-feeding and indirectly by transmitting pathogens. the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of bovines worldwide and it is responsible for the transmission of the protozoan babesia bovis, the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. aquaporins (aqps) are water channel proteins implicated in physiological mechanisms of osmoregulation. m ... | 2015 | 26626727 |
| serological and molecular diagnostic surveys combined with examining hematological profiles suggests increased levels of infection and hematological response of cattle to babesiosis infections compared to native buffaloes in egypt. | babesiosis threatens the development of the cattle and buffaloes industries in egypt and improved control is needed. the main objectives of this study are surveying the presence of bovine babesiosis in distinct selected bovine and buffalo populations in egypt using novel molecular and previously validated serological methods, while also comparing the occurrence of hematological alterations among babesia infected cattle and buffalos. | 2015 | 26062684 |
| identification and evaluation of vaccine candidate antigens from the poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae). | an aqueous extract of the haematophagous poultry ectoparasite, dermanyssus gallinae, was subfractionated using anion exchange chromatography. six of these subfractions were used to immunise hens and the blood from these hens was fed, in vitro, to poultry red mites. mite mortality following these feeds was indicative of protective antigens in two of the subfractions, with the risks of mites dying being 3.1 and 3.7 times higher than in the control group (p<0.001). a combination of two-dimensional ... | 2015 | 26296690 |
| adrenergic ligands that block oviposition in the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus affect ovary contraction. | the tyraminergic/octopaminergic system is central for the control of arthropod oviposition. previous works demonstrated that the pharmacological perturbation of this system inhibits oviposition in the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. in this work, we describe a physiologically active whole-mount preparation of the contractile tick ovary that allows the quantitative videometrical analysis of ovary contraction in response to different compounds. eight adrenergic ligands known to inhibit ovipos ... | 2015 | 26456007 |
| association of anaplasma marginale strain superinfection with infection prevalence within tropical regions. | strain superinfection occurs when a second strain infects a host already infected with and having mounted an immune response to a primary strain. the incidence of superinfection with anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of domestic and wild ruminants, has been shown to be higher in tropical versus temperate regions. this has been attributed to the higher prevalence of infection, with consequent immunity against primary strains and thus greater selective pressure for superinfect ... | 2015 | 25793966 |
| borrelia miyamotoi disease: neither lyme disease nor relapsing fever. | borrelia miyamotoi disease (bmd) is a newly recognized borreliosis globally transmitted by ticks of the ixodes persulcatus species complex. once considered to be a tick symbiont with no public health implications, b miyamotoi is increasingly recognized as the agent of a nonspecific febrile illness often misdiagnosed as acute lyme disease without rash, or as ehrlichiosis. the frequency of its diagnosis in the northeastern united states is similar to that of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. a diag ... | 2015 | 26593262 |
| in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation of babesia bigemina sporokinetes in hemocytes of rhipicephalus microplus. | cultures of tick hemocytes represent alternative cell lines for the isolation and cultivation of a variety of hemoparasites. the present study reports the development and evaluation of methods for the in vitro culture and maintenance of sporokinetes of babesia bigemina in association with hemocytes of the tick rhipicephalus microplus. hemolymph, from engorged females infected with b. bigemina sporokinetes, was incubated at 28 °c in l15 culture medium supplemented with 40% fetal bovine serum. adh ... | 2015 | 26198431 |
| bmvdac upregulation in the midgut of rhipicephalus microplus, during infection with babesia bigemina. | the molecular mechanisms involved during the infection of rhipicephalus microplus midgut cells by babesia bigemina are of great relevance and currently unknown. in a previous study, we found a voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac)-like protein (bmvdac) that may participate during parasite invasion of midgut cells. in this work, we investigated bmvdac expression at both mrna and protein levels and examined bmvdac localization in midgut cells of ticks infected with b. bigemina at different times ... | 2015 | 26141408 |
| artificial feeding of rhipicephalus microplus female ticks with anti calreticulin serum do not influence tick and babesia bigemina acquisition. | ticks are obligate haematophagous ectoparasites considered the principal vectors of disease among animals. rhipicephalus microplus and r. annulatus ticks are the most important vectors for babesia bigemina and b. bovis, two of the most important intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites species in cattle, responsible for babesiosis which together with anaplasmosis account for substantial economic losses in the livestock industry worldwide. anti-tick vaccines are a proved alternative to traditional t ... | 2015 | 25262467 |
| low temperature affects cattle tick reproduction but does not lead to transovarial transmission of anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale is an obligate intracellular pathogen that infects the erythrocytes of calves, causing bovine anaplasmosis. this rickettsia is biologically transmitted by several species of ticks. in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, rhipicephalus microplus is the main vector. due to their mobility and longevity, the adult males play an important role in the transmission of a. marginale to calves. some studies have demonstrated that a. marginale can be intrastadially and interst ... | 2015 | 26255094 |
| bacterial membranes enhance the immunogenicity and protective capacity of the surface exposed tick subolesin-anaplasma marginale msp1a chimeric antigen. | ticks are vectors of diseases that affect humans and animals worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally sound alternative for tick control. recently, the rhipicephalus microplus subolesin (sub)-anaplasma marginale msp1a chimeric antigen was produced in escherichia coli as membrane-bound and exposed protein and used to protect vaccinated cattle against tick infestations. in this research, lipidomics and proteomics characterization of the e. coli membrane-b ... | 2015 | 26219233 |
| molecular characterization of anaplasma marginale in ticks naturally feeding on buffaloes. | anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent pathogen transmitted by ticks in cattle in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. however, the tick species involved in the transmission of a. marginale in buffaloes in brazil have not been identified. the objective of the present study was to determine the presence of a. marginale in ticks parasitizing water buffaloes. a total of 200 samples of rhipicephalus microplus, dermacentor nitens, amblyomma cajennense, and amblyomma maculatum were collec ... | 2015 | 26209411 |
| pharmacological characterization of a tyramine receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) is a hematophagous external parasite that vectors the causative agents of bovine babesiosis or cattle tick fever, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, and anaplasmosis, anaplasma marginale. the southern cattle tick is a threat to the livestock industry in many locations throughout the world. control methods include the use of chemical acaricides including amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, which is proposed to activate octopamine receptor ... | 2015 | 25958152 |
| development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the study of anaplasma marginale population structure over space and time. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a worldwide disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions where rhipicephalus microplus is considered the most significant biological vector. molecular markers previously applied for a. marginale typing are efficient for isolate discrimination but they are not a suitable tool for studying population structure and dynamics. here we report the development of an mlst scheme based on the study of seven genes: dnaa, ftsz, groel, lipa, reca, ... | 2015 | 25550150 |
| species distribution modelling for rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in benin, west africa: comparing datasets and modelling algorithms. | rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most widely distributed and economically important ticks, transmitting babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale. it was recently introduced to west africa on live animals originating from brazil. knowing the precise environmental suitability for the tick would allow veterinary health officials to draft vector control strategies for different regions of the country. to test the performance of modelling algorithms and different sets of environmental ... | 2015 | 25466219 |
| an evolutionarily-unique heterodimeric voltage-gated cation channel found in aphids. | we describe the identification in aphids of a unique heterodimeric voltage-gated sodium channel which has an atypical ion selectivity filter and, unusually for insect channels, is highly insensitive to tetrodotoxin. we demonstrate that this channel has most likely arisen by adaptation (gene fission or duplication) of an invertebrate ancestral mono(hetero)meric channel. this is the only identifiable voltage-gated sodium channel homologue in the aphid genome(s), and the channel's novel selectivity ... | 2015 | 25637326 |
| pcr and elisa vis-à-vis microscopy for detection of bovine anaplasmosis: a study on associated risk of an upcoming problem in north india. | this investigation demonstrates the status of bovine anaplasmosis caused by a. marginale in bovines from submountain and undulating zone of punjab. out of 184 suspected animals, 25 (19.51%), 47 (31.71%), and 78 (68.75%) were positive by microscopy, indirect elisa, and pcr assay, respectively. the microscopy showed 29% sensitivity and 99% specificity, while elisa showed 32% sensitivity and 79% specificity in concordance with pcr assay. five false negative samples by msp1β pcr were reconfirmed for ... | 2015 | 25811041 |
| insecticidal and repellent activity of siparuna guianensis aubl. (negramina) against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. | this study investigated the toxic effects of essential oils isolated from siparuna guianensis against aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult) and aedes albopictus (c6/36) cells. the oviposition-deterring activity, egg viability, and repellence activity in the presence of different essential oils concentrations were determined. the essential oils showed high toxicity to all developmental stages of a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus. furthermore, the oils also showed ... | 2015 | 25646797 |
| complete genome sequence of ehrlichia mineirensis, a novel organism closely related to ehrlichia canis with a new host association. | we report here the complete genome sequencing of ehrlichia mineirensis, an ehrlichia organism that was isolated from the hemolymph of rhipicephalus microplus-engorged females. e. mineirensis is the best characterized ehrlichia isolate from a novel cattle-related clade closely related to the monocytotropic pathogen e. canis. | 2015 | 25614563 |
| theileria equi isolates vary in susceptibility to imidocarb dipropionate but demonstrate uniform in vitro susceptibility to a bumped kinase inhibitor. | the apicomplexan hemoparasite theileria equi is a causative agent of equine piroplasmosis, eradicated from the united states in 1988. however, recent outbreaks have sparked renewed interest in treatment options for infected horses. imidocarb dipropionate is the current drug of choice, however variation in clinical response to therapy has been observed. | 2015 | 25600252 |
| in vitro detection of acaricidal resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus against commercial preparation of deltamethrin, flumethrin, and fipronil from north gujarat, india. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most common tick species in india infesting cattle and buffaloes and causing significant economic losses to dairy and leather industries by adversely affecting the milk production and quality of hides. a study to evaluate the acaricide resistance status of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus to deltamethrin, flumethrin, and fipronil was conducted on the samples collected from organized and unorganized farms of north gujarat state, where treatment failur ... | 2015 | 26788362 |
| antileishmanial activity of the essential oil from tetradenia riparia obtained in different seasons. | the herbaceous shrub tetradenia riparia has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. recently, a study showed that t. riparia essential oil (treo) obtained in summer has antileishmanial effects, although these results could be influenced by seasonal variation. this study evaluated the activity of the treo obtained in different seasons against leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, in vitro and in vivo. the compounds in the treo were analysed by gas chromatography-mass ... | 2015 | 26602873 |
| length and density of filiform tongue papillae: differences between tick-susceptible and resistant cattle may affect tick loads. | indicine breeds of bovines are highly resistant and taurine breeds are susceptible to the cattle tick, rhipicephalus microplus, a species which causes great damage to livestock. animals use their tongues for self-grooming, an important behavior for ridding themselves of ectoparasites. however, the role of tongue morphology, notably the filiform papillae, in this process is not known. | 2015 | 26573922 |
| global transcriptome analysis of the tentacle of the jellyfish cyanea capillata using deep sequencing and expressed sequence tags: insight into the toxin- and degenerative disease-related transcripts. | jellyfish contain diverse toxins and other bioactive components. however, large-scale identification of novel toxins and bioactive components from jellyfish has been hampered by the low efficiency of traditional isolation and purification methods. | 2015 | 26551022 |
| lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (lamp)--preliminary study on a hidden antigen target for vaccination against schistosomiasis. | our previously reported gene atlasing of schistosome tissues revealed transcripts that were highly enriched in the digestive tract of schistosoma mansoni. from these, we selected two candidates, sm-lamp and sm-npc2 for testing as vaccine targets. the two molecules were selected on the basis of relatively high expression in the gastrodermis, their potentially important biological function, divergence from homologous molecules of the host and possible apical membrane expression in the gastrodermis ... | 2015 | 26472258 |
| production of serine protease inhibitors by mutagenesis and their effects on the mortality of aedes aegypti l. larvae. | dengue, transmitted primarily by the bites of infected aedes aegypti l., is transmitted to millions of individuals each year in tropical and subtropical areas. dengue control strategies are primarily based on controlling the vector, using insecticides, but the appearance of resistance poses new challenges. recently, highly selective protease inhibitors by phage display were obtained for digestive enzymes of the 4th instar larvae (l4) midgut. these mutants were not confirmed as a larvicide due to ... | 2015 | 26444542 |
| integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics and proteomics identifies metabolic pathways affected by anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in tick cells. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. these intracellular bacteria establish infection by affecting cell function in both the vertebrate host and the tick vector, ixodes scapularis. previous studies have characterized the tick transcriptome and proteome in response to a. phagocytophilum infection. however, in the postgenomic era, the integration of omics datasets through a systems biology approach allows network-based analyses to ... | 2015 | 26424601 |
| veterinary homeopathy: systematic review of medical conditions studied by randomised trials controlled by other than placebo. | no systematic review has previously been carried out on randomised controlled trials (rcts) of veterinary homeopathy in which the control group was an intervention other than placebo (otp). for eligible peer-reviewed rcts, the objectives of this study were to assess the risk of bias (rob) and to quantify the effect size of homeopathic intervention compared with an active comparator or with no treatment. | 2015 | 26371366 |
| the control of sea lice in atlantic salmon by selective breeding. | sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. we then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the fi ... | 2015 | 26289656 |
| atp binding cassette transporter mediates both heme and pesticide detoxification in tick midgut cells. | in ticks, the digestion of blood occurs intracellularly and proteolytic digestion of hemoglobin takes place in a dedicated type of lysosome, the digest vesicle, followed by transfer of the heme moiety of hemoglobin to a specialized organelle that accumulates large heme aggregates, called hemosomes. in the present work, we studied the uptake of fluorescent metalloporphyrins, used as heme analogs, and amitraz, one of the most regularly used acaricides to control cattle tick infestations, by rhipic ... | 2015 | 26258982 |
| molecular signatures of reduced nerve toxicity by cecl3 in phoxim-exposed silkworm brains. | cecl3 can reduce the damage caused by op pesticides, in this study we used the brain of silkworms to investigate the mechanism of cecl3 effects on pesticide resistance. the results showed that phoxim treatments led to brain damages, swelling and death of neurons, chromatin condensation, and mitochondrial damage. normal nerve conduction was severely affected by phoxim treatments, as revealed by: increases in the contents of neurotransmitters glu, no, and ach by 63.65%, 61.14%, and 98.54%, respect ... | 2015 | 26227613 |
| snp analysis infers that recombination is involved in the evolution of amitraz resistance in rhipicephalus microplus. | rhipicephalus microplus, better known as the asiatic cattle tick, is a largely invasive ectoparasite of great economic importance due to the negative effect it has on agricultural livestock on a global scale, particularly cattle. tick-borne diseases (babesiosis and anaplasmosis) transmitted by r. microplus are alarming as they decrease the quality of livestock health and production. in sub-saharan africa, cattle represent a major source of meat and milk, but this region of the world is severely ... | 2015 | 26158272 |
| endectocide activity of a pour-on formulation containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin in cattle. | the present work aimed to evaluate, through ten different studies, the therapeutic efficacy of a new pour-on formulation, containing 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin, against parasites of cattle. results obtained on trials against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus showed that the pour-on combination of 1.5 per cent ivermectin +0.5 per cent abamectin obtained superior efficacy indexes against this ectoparasite, when compared with formulations containing 0.5 per cent ivermectin, 1 ... | 2015 | 26392893 |
| emerging status of anaplasmosis in cattle in hisar. | anaplasma marginale is a rickettsial pathogen responsible for progressive anemia in ruminants leading to huge economic losses. the objectives of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence of anaplasmosis and therapeutic evaluation of traditional line of treatment. | 2015 | 27065645 |
| a virulent babesia bovis strain failed to infect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. while cattle are the primary host for cattle fever ticks, wild and exotic ungulates, including white-tailed deer (wtd), are known to be ... | 2015 | 26083429 |
| role of parasitic vaccines in integrated control of parasitic diseases in livestock. | parasitic infections adversely affect animal's health and threaten profitable animal production, thus affecting the economy of our country. these infections also play a major role in the spread of zoonotic diseases. parasitic infections cause severe morbidity and mortality in animals especially those affecting the gastrointestinal system and thus affect the economy of livestock owner by decreasing the ability of the farmer to produce economically useful animal products. due to all these reasons ... | 2015 | 27047140 |
| cathepsin gene family reveals transcriptome patterns related to the infective stages of the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi. | cathepsins are proteases involved in the ability of parasites to overcome and/or modulate host defenses so as to complete their own lifecycle. however, the mechanisms underlying this ability of cathepsins are still poorly understood. one excellent model for identifying and exploring the molecular functions of cathepsins is the marine ectoparasitic copepod caligus rogercresseyi that currently affects the chilean salmon industry. using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, 56 cathepsin-like se ... | 2015 | 25923525 |
| sequence analysis of insecticide action and detoxification-related genes in the insect pest natural enemy pardosa pseudoannulata. | the pond wolf spider pardosa pseudoannulata, an important natural predatory enemy of rice planthoppers, is found widely distributed in paddy fields. however, data on the genes involved in insecticide action, detoxification, and response are very limited for p. pseudoannulata, which inhibits the development and appropriate use of selective insecticides to control insect pests on rice. we used transcriptome construction from adult spider cephalothoraxes to analyze and manually identify genes encon ... | 2015 | 25923714 |
| transcriptomic insights on the abc transporter gene family in the salmon louse caligus rogercresseyi. | atp-binding cassette (abc) protein family encode for membrane proteins involved in the transport of various biomolecules through the cellular membrane. these proteins have been identified in all taxa and present important physiological functions, including the process of insecticide detoxification in arthropods. for that reason the ectoparasite caligus rogercresseyi represents a model species for understanding the molecular underpinnings involved in insecticide drug resistance. | 2015 | 25889038 |
| reduced efficacy of commercial acaricides against populations of resistant cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus from two municipalities of antioquia, colombia. | two distant antioquian cattle farms where systemic and topical acaricides had previously failed to control infestations by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus were studied. an initial in vivo study was conducted using single subcutaneous injections with a long-acting formulation of ivermectin (630 μg/kg). injections were made at 3-month intervals on animals at each farm to evaluate the therapeutic and persistent efficacy of ivermectin against r. microplus. body tick counts and reproductive param ... | 2015 | 25987840 |
| non-invasive delivery of dsrna into de-waxed tick eggs by electroporation. | rna interference-mediated gene silencing was shown to be an efficient tool for validation of targets that may become anti-tick vaccine components. here, we demonstrate the application of this approach in the validation of components of molecular signaling cascades, such as the protein kinase b (akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (gsk) axis during tick embryogenesis. it was shown that heptane and hypochlorite treatment of tick eggs can remove wax, affecting corium integrity and but not embryo developm ... | 2015 | 26091260 |
| non-classical gluconeogenesis-dependent glucose metabolism in rhipicephalus microplus embryonic cell line bme26. | in this work we evaluated several genes involved in gluconeogenesis, glycolysis and glycogen metabolism, the major pathways for carbohydrate catabolism and anabolism, in the bme26 rhipicephalus microplus embryonic cell line. genetic and catalytic control of the genes and enzymes associated with these pathways are modulated by alterations in energy resource availability (primarily glucose). bme26 cells in media were investigated using three different glucose concentrations, and changes in the tra ... | 2015 | 25594873 |
| an ixodes scapularis cell line with a predominantly neuron-like phenotype. | the ixodes scapularis embryo-derived cell line ise6 is the most widely utilized tick-derived cell line due to its susceptibility to a wide variety of tick- and non-tick-vectored pathogens. little is known about its tissue origin or biological background. protein expression of ise6 cells was compared with that of another i. scapularis-derived cell line, ide12, and dissected tick synganglia. results demonstrated the presence of a neuronal marker protein, type 3 β-tubulin, in all three samples, as ... | 2015 | 25894426 |
| hepatozoon and theileria species detected in ticks collected from mammals and snakes in thailand. | we report the detection of hepatozoon and theileria in 103 ticks from mammals and snakes in thailand. by using a genus-specific 18s rrna pcr, hepatozoon and theileria spp. were detected in 8% and 18%, respectively, of ticks (n=79) removed from mammals. of the ticks removed from snakes (n=24), 96% were infected with hepatozoon spp., but none were infected with theileria. phylogenetic analysis revealed that hepatozoon spp. detected from dermacentor astrosignatus and dermacentor auratus ticks from ... | 2015 | 25736475 |
| epidemiological survey of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus in cattle in east darfur state, sudan. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease caused by cchf virus (cchfv) of the genus nairovirus in the family bunyaviridae. cchfv causes subclinical infection in domestic livestock and an often fatal hemorrhagic illness in humans, with approximately 30% mortality rates. in the present study, a cross-sectional serosurvey was conducted in a total of 282 randomly selected cattle from five localities in east darfur state, sudan. the exposure status to cchf was determined using en ... | 2015 | 25898993 |
| physiological changes in rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally infected with entomopathogenic fungi. | carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in the physiology and maintenance of energy stores within living organisms. however, when organisms are exposed to adverse physiological conditions, such as during pathogenic infection, these organisms begin to use alternative substrates (proteins and lipids) for energy production. this paper studied the carbohydrate metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus after infection with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the parameters evaluated we ... | 2015 | 25346195 |
| identification of intestinal bacterial flora in rhipicephalus microplus ticks by conventional methods and pcr-dgge analysis. | in this study, we have analyzed the intestinal microbial flora associated with rhipicephalus microplus ticks using both culture-dependent and independent methods based on pcr and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). the r. microplus ticks were collected from cattle and goats in jiangxi, hunan and guizhou provinces of china. three distinct strains of bacteria were isolated using culture-dependent methods: staphylococcus simulans, bacillus subtilis and bacillus flexus strain. ninete ... | 2015 | 25784070 |