Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| age-dependant prevalence of endoparasites in young dogs and cats up to one year of age. | the results of parasitological examination of faecal samples from 1,206 cats and 2,319 dogs of known age up to one year were analysed. eggs of toxocara canis were detected in dogs for the first time at the beginning of the 3rd week, oocysts of isospora spp. and cysts of giardia spp. at the beginning of the 4th week p.p. high infection rates with giardia spp. (52.5 %) were demonstrated in the 12th week, i. canis (30.0 %) in the 15th week, i. ohioensis complex (44.0 %) in the 6th week, isospora sp ... | 2013 | 23779224 |
| [toxocarosis in dogs - important aspects for the veterinary practice]. | the zoonotic roundworm toxocara canis is considered one of the most common gastrointestinal helminths in dogs in europe. infection occurs via embryonated eggs from the environment or the ingestion of paratenic hosts. pups become infected via intrauterine or lactogenic transmission of larvae from the bitch. prenatal infection results in major consequences because the infected neonates shed large amounts of t. canis eggs into the environment due to a lack of immunocompetence and the resulting inab ... | 2013 | 23765363 |
| seroprevalence of toxocara infection in children from southern brazil. | the seroprevalence of toxocara canis antibodies in children aged from 1 to 12 yr old was evaluated in pelotas city, rio grande do sul, brazil. human toxocariasis or visceral larva migrans (vlm) was diagnosed with the use of an elisa based on the t. canis excretory-secretory (tes) antigens; western blotting was used to confirm the elisa-positive results. from 427 samples, 50.6% were positive for the presence of anti-tes antibodies. a confirmatory test (western blot) was carried out on a sample of ... | 2013 | 23738711 |
| visceral larva migrans presenting with hypereosinophilia. | toxocariasis is an infection caused by the ingestion of larvae of the dog toxocara canis or the cat toxocara cati. a 2.5 year old boy was admitted to our clinics with fever, abdominal pain and loss of appetite. his medical history included geophagia (pica) and amebiasis infection. on admission, the physical examination revealed hepatomegaly and pallor. there was marked eosinophilia with leukocytosis, anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia and elevated serum ig e titers. toxocariasis was confirmed by ant ... | 2013 | 23619050 |
| retinal vasculitis in toxocara canis neuroretinitis. | the purpose of this case report is to describe clinical and angiographic findings of retinal vasculitis in acute toxocara canis neuroretinitis associated with systemic infection. | 2013 | 23514377 |
| signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6 signaling contributes to control host lung pathology but favors susceptibility against toxocara canis infection. | using stat6(-/-) balb/c mice, we have analyzed the role of stat6-induced th2 response in determining the outcome of experimental toxocariasis caused by embryonated eggs of the helminth parasite toxocara canis. following t. canis infection wild-type balb/c mice developed a strong th2-like response, produced high levels of igg1, ige, and il-4, recruited alternatively activated macrophages, and displayed a moderate pathology in the lungs; however, they harbored heavy parasite loads in different tis ... | 2013 | 23509764 |
| evaluation of the initial and chronic phases of toxocariasis after consumption of liver treated by freezing or cooling. | human toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis of worldwide distribution. the consumption of raw or undercooked meat and offal from paratenic hosts of the toxocara canis nematode can cause infection in humans, but there have been a lack of studies examining specific prophylactic measures to combat this mode of transmission. the aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment of infection by t. canis larvae at the initial and chronic phases of visceral toxocariasis after the consumption ... | 2013 | 23494157 |
| [cardiovascular manifestations of human toxocariasis]. | toxocariasis is a parasitic infection produced by helminths that cannot reach their adult stage in humans. for their etiological species (toxocara canis and toxocara cati), man is a paratenic host. infection by such helminths can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, such as: visceral larvae migrans syndrome, ocular larvae migrans syndrome and covert toxocariasis. in the visceral larvae migrans syndrome, the organs that are mainly involved include liver, lungs, skin, nervous system, musc ... | 2013 | 23462238 |
| toxocara-induced hepatic inflammation: immunohistochemical characterization of lymphocyte subpopulations and bcl-2 expression. | toxocariasis is a soil-transmitted helminthic disease due to infection of humans by larvae of toxocara canis (t. canis). it is one of the most commonly reported zoonotic infections in the world. the aim of this study was to characterize the key immune cells and activity of bcl-2 in hepatic inflammation during the course of experimental infection by t. canis. mice experimentally infected with t. canis were divided into two groups: mice with primary infection by toxocara, and those infected after ... | 2013 | 23462071 |
| molecular identification of nematode larvae different from those of the trichinella genus detected by muscle digestion. | although larvae of the genus trichinella are the most common parasite species detected in vertebrate muscles using artificial digestion, nematode larvae belonging to other genera are sometimes detected and incorrectly identified as trichinella. however, it is often very difficult to identify these larvae at the species, genus or family level using microscopy because of the absence of specific morphological characters or cuticle damage, and the only means of identification is pcr and sequencing o ... | 2013 | 23433986 |
| behavioral changes in rattus norvegicus coinfected by toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii. | using an elevated plus maze apparatus and an activity cage, behavioral changes in rattus norvegicus concomitantly infected by toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii were studied, during a period of 120 days. rats infected by toxocara canis or toxoplasma gondii showed significant behavioral changes; however, in the group coinfected by both parasites a behavioral pattern similar to that found in the group not infected was observed thirty days after infection, suggesting the occurrence of modulation ... | 2013 | 23328726 |
| a survey of intestinal helminths in wild carnivores from the tatra national park, southern poland. | from january 2011 to july 2012, 144 faecal samples of wild carnivores from the tatra national park were examined to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal helminths--72 of wolves (canis lupus), 45 of red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 15 of pine martens (martes martes) and 12 of brown bears (ursus arctos). in wolves, monospecific infection with trichuris vulpis (13.9%), toxocara canis (6.9%), ancylostoma/uncinaria (5.6%) and taeniids (1.4%) was revealed. in red foxes, the most prevalent infection was 7 v ... | 2013 | 24791342 |
| the significance of cerebral toxocariasis: a model system for exploring the link between brain involvement, behaviour and the immune response. | toxocara canis is a parasitic nematode that infects canines worldwide, and as a consequence of the widespread environmental dissemination of its ova in host faeces, other abnormal hosts including mice and humans are exposed to infection. in such abnormal or paratenic hosts, the immature third-stage larvae undergo a somatic migration through the organs of the body but fail to reach maturity as adult worms in the intestine. the presence of the migrating larvae contributes to pathology that is depe ... | 2013 | 23225870 |
| eosinophilic abscesses: a new facet of hepatic visceral larva migrans. | hepatic visceral larva migrans (vlm) refers to a condition characterized by granulomatous liver lesions containing eosinophils and inflammatory cells associated with migration of second-stage larvae of certain nematodes such as toxocara canis. the typical imaging findings described in the literature include small, ill-defined, oval or elongated, low-attenuating nodules with fuzzy margins, non-spherical shape, and absent or insignificant rim enhancement on contrast-enhanced ct scan. the present s ... | 2013 | 22801750 |
| toxocara encephalitis presenting with autonomous nervous system involvement. | human toxocariasis has been reported to cause a broad spectrum of neurological syndromes, including encephalitis, meningitis and meningo-radiculitis. nevertheless, cerebral infection by toxocara may go undiagnosed due to its rarity, elusive symptoms and lack of availability of appropriate testing. we report the case of a 54-year-old man who presented with abdominal pain and paralytic ileus approximately 3 weeks after having eaten raw snails (a folk remedy for peptic ulcer). three weeks later, ma ... | 2013 | 22996385 |
| seroprevalence of igg anti-toxocara canis antibodies and anti-fasciola sp. antibodies in patients with urticaria. | chronic urticaria (cu) is defined by recurrent episodes occurring at least twice a week for 6 weeks and generally characterized by the rapid appearance of wheals and/or angioedema and may be associated with parasitic infections. we aimed to investigate the seroprevalance of toxocara canis and fasciola species in patients with cu. | 2013 | 24045514 |
| serodiagnosis of toxocariasis by elisa using crude antigen of toxocara canis larvae. | toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by larvae of ascarid nematodes of dogs or cats, toxocara canis or t. cati. diagnosis of human toxocariasis currently relies on serology that uses t. canis excretory-secretory antigen to detect specific igg antibodies by elisa. we investigated the serodiagnostic efficacy of elisa using crude antigen of t. canis larvae (tcla). serum specimens of 64 clinically confirmed toxocariasis, 115 healthy controls, and 119 other tissue-invading helminthiases were s ... | 2013 | 24039286 |
| biophysical analysis of astrocytes apoptosis triggered by larval e/s antigen from cerebral toxocarosis-causing pathogen toxocara canis. | toxocarosis is a zoonosis caused by the transmission of the toxocara canis (t. canis) larvae to humans. its infectious third-stage larvae can invade the brains of paratenic hosts. the resultant brain damage can result in cerebral toxocarosis (ct). astrocytes have important neurotrophic and neuroprotective functions in the brain. substantial studies have shown that astrocyte apoptosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. we propose an alternati ... | 2013 | 24025572 |
| [toxocariasis in children and adolescents with allergic and bronchopulmonary diseases, hiv infection, hepatitis b and c risk groups: results of serological screening]. | enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the presence of immunoglobulins class g to toxocara canis antigens in the sera of children and adolescents (hereinafter referred to as children) with allergic and bronchopulmonary diseases from hiv infection and hepatitis b and c risk groups. a total of 422 dwellers of the republic of altai, including 144 subjects aged 1 to 17 years, were examined. toxocara antibodies were found in 18.8 +/- 3.3% of the children and in 21.9 +/- 2.5% of the adults. the infe ... | 2013 | 24003515 |
| hepatic toxocariasis: a rare cause of right upper abdominal pain in the emergency department. | toxocara canis and toxocara cati are common helminths that reside in the intestinal tract of cats and dogs. toxocariasis and, commonly, t. canis, is a disease commonly seen in children, which is characterised by hypereosinophilia, hepatomegaly, fever, transient pulmonary infiltration, and hypergammaglobulinaemia. humans, who are not the actual host for these parasitic worms, are infected following oral intake of the infective eggs. radiological differentiation of hepatic toxocariasis can be diff ... | 2013 | 23955916 |
| the epidemiology and public health importance of toxocariasis: a zoonosis of global importance. | toxocariasis, caused by infection with larvae of toxocara canis, and to a lesser extent by toxocara cati and other ascaridoid species, manifests in humans in a range of clinical syndromes. these include visceral and ocular larva migrans, neurotoxocariasis and covert or common toxocariasis. toxocara canis is one of the most widespread public health and economically important zoonotic parasitic infections humans share with dogs, cats and wild canids, particularly foxes. this neglected disease has ... | 2013 | 23954435 |
| [evaluation of a purified antigen for the diagnosis of toxocariosis]. | toxocarosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the ingestion of infective eggs of toxocara spp. the diagnosis is based on the detection of antibodies in serum or other biological fluids. one of the current serological techniques for the diagnosis of toxocariasis is elisa using excretory - secretory antigens of third stage larvae (es/l3). these antigens are glycoproteins, which originate in the secretory organs of the parasite and are non species-specific. sera from patients with other helminthiases ... | 2013 | 23876268 |
| prevalence and risk factors associated with toxocara canis infection in children. | the objective of this study was to determine seroprevalence and identify risk factors associated with toxocara canis infection. a clinical and epidemiological questionnaire and body mass index were used to assess the risk factors associated with human toxocariasis in 108 children with an age range of 2-16 years. antibodies against toxocara canis were detected using an elisa test kit. chi-square analysis and odds ratio (or) were used to identify risk factors associated with toxocara canis seropos ... | 2013 | 23844404 |
| toxocara spp. seroprevalence in sheep from southern brazil. | visceral toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that occurs through the ingestion of embryonated toxocara spp. eggs. a wide range of animal species can act as paratenic hosts for this ascarid. the main risk factor for humans is the ingestion of the eggs from contaminated soil; however, infection can also occur through the ingestion of contaminated raw or undercooked infected meat from paratenic hosts. the aim of this study was to verify the presence of toxocara spp.-specific antibodies i ... | 2013 | 23832639 |
| contamination, distribution and pathogenicity of toxocara canis and t. cati eggs from sandpits in tokyo, japan. | the contamination, distribution and pathogenicity of toxocara canis and t. cati eggs in sandpits in the tokyo metropolitan area, japan, are described. a total of 34 sandpits were examined, 14 of which were contaminated with t. cati eggs, as assessed by the floatation method and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis. two naturally contaminated sandpits were investigated to determine the vertical and horizontal distribution of eggs, and an inverse relationship between the sand depth and number ... | 2013 | 22691463 |
| a comparison of toxocara canis embryonation under controlled conditions in soil and hair. | toxocara spp. eggs require a period of time under appropriate environmental conditions to become infective to definitive and paratenic hosts. temperature and humidity are important factors known to affect the levels of development in soil. we aimed to investigate whether the eggs of t. canis could embryonate in dog hair under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity and, if so, to what degree. no previous work had been carried out on embryonation in hair under controlled conditions. soi ... | 2013 | 22335837 |
| [toxocara canis cerebral vasculitis revealed by iterative strokes]. | cerebral vasculitis is a rare and severe condition, posing problems for diagnosis and treatment. toxocara canis cerebral vasculitis is exceptionally rare, with only 4 cases having been reported. we report an additional case revealed by iterative strokes. | 2012 | 22627088 |
| advances in molecular identification, taxonomy, genetic variation and diagnosis of toxocara spp. | the genus toxocara contains parasitic nematodes of human and animal health significance, such as toxocara canis, toxocara cati and toxocara vitulorum. t. canis and t. cati are among the most prevalent parasites of dogs and cats with a worldwide distribution. human infection with t. canis and t. cati, which can cause a number of clinical manifestations such as visceral larva migrans (vlms), ocular larva migrans (olms), eosinophilic meningoencephalitis (eme), covert toxocariasis (ct) and neurotoxo ... | 2012 | 22569289 |
| diagnostic aspects and retinal imaging in ocular toxocariasis: a case report from italy. | toxocara canis is a nematode parasite, commonly found in dogs. this roundworm parasite can invade the eye, causing visual impairment. toxocara should be considered as a possible causative agent of posterior and diffuse uveitis, and it could be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. ocular manifestations vary from severe endophthalmitis to silent incidental findings on a routine examination. we report a case of ocular toxocariasis in a 24-year-old asiatic female that presente ... | 2012 | 22548084 |
| association between contamination of public squares and seropositivity for toxocara spp. in children. | a concomitant study was carried out, of the association of positive serology for toxocara spp. in 90 children who played in public squares used for leisure, with the frequency with which each child used these areas, and the presence of eggs of toxocara spp. in the sand or grass in these locations. the sand and grass of their peridomiciles and school playgrounds, as well as the feces of their dogs were also analyzed for toxocara. serum samples were tested for igg antibodies to toxocara canis excr ... | 2012 | 22480882 |
| trichuris vulpis (froelich, 1789) infection in a child: a case report. | we present a human infection with the canine whipworm, trichuris vulpis, in a child suffering from rhinitis with a diagnosis of rhinitis. t. vulpis eggs resemble those of t. trichiura but they can be differentiated based on their morphological features and egg size, using micrometry with an ocular micrometer. t. vulpis eggs measured an average of 90 µm by 44 µm (range 86-99 µm by 38-47 µm). prevalence of hookworms (28.1%), toxocara canis (11.8%), and trichuris vulpis (3.5%) was found in 292 feca ... | 2012 | 22451737 |
| transmission of toxocara canis via ingestion of raw cow liver: a cross-sectional study in healthy adults. | the aim of this study is to ascertain the relationship between ingestion of raw cow liver and toxocara canis infection. a total of 150 apparently healthy adults were divided into 2 groups; 1 group consisted of 86 adults with positive results of toxocara elisa, and the other group of 64 adults with negative results. one researcher collected the history of ingestion of raw cow liver within 1 year and recent history of keeping dogs. among 86 seropositive adults for t. canis, 68 (79.1%) had a recent ... | 2012 | 22451730 |
| an evaluation of the dot-elisa procedure as a diagnostic test in an area with a high prevalence of human toxocara canis infection. | the aim of this work was to evaluate a dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) using excretory-secretory antigens from the larval stages of toxocara canis for the diagnosis of toxocariasis. a secondary aim was to establish the optimal conditions for its use in an area with a high prevalence of human t. canis infection. the dot-elisa test was standardised using different concentrations of the antigen fixed on nitrocellulose paper strips and increasing dilutions of the serum and conjugat ... | 2012 | 22415257 |
| toxocariasis in cuba: a literature review. | human toxocariasis (ht) is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the larval stage of toxocara canis, the intestinal roundworm of dogs. infection can be associated with a wide clinical spectrum varying from asymptomatic to severe organ injury. while the incidence of symptomatic human toxocariasis appears to be low, infection of the human population is widespread. in cuba, a clear overview on the status of the disease is lacking. here, we review the available information on toxocariasis in c ... | 2012 | 22389726 |
| meningitis by toxocara canis after ingestion of raw ostrich liver. | recently reports on toxocariasis are increasing by serodiagnosis in korea. a previously healthy 17-yr-old boy complained of headache, fever, dyspnea, and anorexia. he showed symptoms and signs of eosinophilic meningitis with involvement of the lungs and liver. specific igg antibody to toxocara canis larval antigen was positive in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by elisa. he took raw ostrich liver with his parents 4 weeks before the symptom onset. his parents were seropositive for t. canis antigen ... | 2012 | 22969260 |
| a seroepidemiological survey of toxocariasis among eosinophilia patients in chungcheongnam-do. | there have been several reports on the relationship between toxocariasis and eosinophilia, but all have been limited to the areas of seoul or gangwon-do. in the present study, we investigated the seroprevalence of toxocariasis among eosinophilia patients in chungcheongnam-do, the central district of korea. among the 101 patients tested, 51 (50.5%) were identified as positive by toxocara elisa, and 46 (45.5%) were confidently diagnosed with toxocariasis because of absence of any other cause of eo ... | 2012 | 22949755 |
| frequency of antibodies to toxocara in cuban schoolchildren. | the aim of the study was to determine the frequency of antibodies to toxocara in cuban schoolchildren. | 2012 | 22943301 |
| toxocariasis and epilepsy: systematic review and meta-analysis. | human toxocariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stages of toxocara canis (t. canis) and less frequently toxocara cati (t. cati). a relationship between toxocariasis and epilepsy has been hypothesized. we conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of available data to evaluate the strength of association between epilepsy and toxocara spp. seropositivity and to propose some guidelines for future surveys. | 2012 | 22905274 |
| comparative ultrastructural studies of the alterations to mouse lung parenchyma during trichinella spiralis or toxocara canis infection. | trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis larvae migrated through the lung and induced many alterations in the lung parenchyma. using electron microscopy, we identified and described the histopathological changes. these changes resulted from mechanical damage or from local inflammatory reactions provoked by larvae. the pattern of changes was described between 6 and 12 days post-infection (dpi) with t. spiralis larvae, and between 21 and 28 dpi with t. canis. the ultrastructural studies demonstrate ... | 2012 | 22803684 |
| decreased emodepside sensitivity in unc-49 γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-receptor-deficient caenorhabditis elegans. | emodepside, a semi-synthetic derivative of pf1022a, belongs to a new class of anthelmintic drugs, the cyclooctadepsipeptides, and shows good efficacy against macrocyclic lactone-, levamisole- or benzimidazole-resistant nematode populations. although putative receptors for emodepside have already been discovered, its mode of action is still not fully understood. the involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-receptor on the pf1022a mode of action has previously been postulated. therefore, a po ... | 2012 | 22727682 |
| cardiac markers: profile in rats experimentally infected with toxocara canis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of the enzymes creatine kinase (ck), creatine kinase mb (ck-mb) and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) in wistar rats infected with 250 (gi, n = 24) or 1000 (gii, n = 24) toxocara canis eggs. animals were evaluated on days 7, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 post-infection (dpi). only the gi rats showed an increase in ck and ck-mb, at 15 and 30 dpi, respectively. anti-toxocara spp. antibodies were detected by elisa in infected animals. despite of the presence of ... | 2012 | 23070442 |
| analysis of serum cytokine levels in children with chronic cough associated with toxocara canis infection. | toxocara infection is associated with an increased prevalence of airway symptoms and may be a possible aetiologic agent of chronic cough. the occurrence of toxocariasis in hungary is mild and/or sporadic. the purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of serum cytokines (il-1, il-2, il-4, il-5, il-6, il-10, il-13, ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha) and total ige, the blood eosinophil count, the results of skin prick and non-specific bronchus provocation tests in toxocara-seropositive children wit ... | 2012 | 23009389 |
| eosinophilic myocarditis associated with visceral larva migrans caused by toxocara canis infection. | a 41-year-old woman who was diagnosed with myocarditis presented eosinophilia. since the antibody against toxocara canis (t. canis) was positive, we diagnosed that she had visceral larva migrans due to t. canis associated with myocarditis. she was treated with oral albendazole and prednisolone for two weeks, eosinophil count and hepatic enzymes were normalized after completion of treatment. this is the first report of myocarditis caused by t. canis infection in korea. | 2012 | 23185659 |
| toxocara seropositivity, atopy and wheezing in children living in poor neighbourhoods in urban latin american. | toxocara canis and t. cati are parasites of dogs and cats, respectively, that infect humans and cause human toxocariasis. infection may cause asthma-like symptoms but is often asymptomatic and is associated with a marked eosinophilia. previous epidemiological studies indicate that t. canis infection may be associated with the development of atopy and asthma. | 2012 | 23133689 |
| epidemiological situation of toxocariasis in iran: meta-analysis and systematic review. | toxocariasis is the clinical terms applied to infection of human with ascarid nematodes in the order ascaridida, named toxocara canis and toxocara cati. it is transmitted from dog and cat to humans. accidental ingestion of parasite eggs causes ocular and visceral larva migrans in human. the aim of this study is to study epidemiology of toxocariasis in iran using meta-analysis and systematic review. using main key words of toxocariasis including epidemiology, toxocara spp. iran, dog and cat in da ... | 2012 | 24261119 |
| detection and molecular characterization of ascarid nematode infection (toxascaris leonina and toxocara cati) in captive asiatic lions (panthera leo persica). | the objective of this study was to investigate the ascarid infection in asiatic lions using scat samples, based on microscopic analysis, pcr amplification of the its-2 region of ribosomal dna and sequence analysis of the amplicons. microscopic analysis indicated the presence of eggs of toxascaris leonina in eleven of the sixteen scat samples analysed and in one of these eleven scats eggs of toxocara cati were also detected. in five of the scats eggs were not detectable. the presence of t. leonin ... | 2012 | 22807016 |
| prevalence of intestinal helminthes in owned dogs in kerman city, iran. | to survey the prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminthes in dogs presented to the veterinary faculty of the university of kerman between may and november 2011. | 2012 | 22805727 |
| association between epilepsy and cysticercosis and toxocariasis: a population-based case-control study in a slum in india. | to assess the association between epilepsy and exposure to the parasites, toxocara canis and taenia solium in a slum-community in india. | 2012 | 23106145 |
| saccharomyces boulardii reduces infection intensity of mice with toxocariasis. | several studies have shown the benefit of the use of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of diseases; however, few of them have investigated the effect of probiotics on parasitosis. in this study, the effect of saccharomyces boulardii on the intensity of infection of mice with toxocariasis was evaluated. the animals were fed with a diet supplemented with s. boulardii for 15 days before inoculation with toxocara canis eggs and for 2 or 60 days post-inoculation. s. boulardii promoted a redu ... | 2012 | 22305116 |
| antagonistic activity of the fungus pochonia chlamydosporia on mature and immature toxocara canis eggs. | in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the ability of 6 isolates of the nematophagous fungus pochonia chlamydosporia to infect immature and mature toxocara canis eggs on cellulose dialysis membrane. there was a direct relationship between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the days of interaction, as well as between the number of eggs colonized and the increase in the concentration of chlamydospores (p<0.05). immature eggs were more susceptible to infection than mature eggs. the ... | 2012 | 22444833 |
| parasites and cancers: parasite antigens as possible targets for cancer immunotherapy. | an adverse relationship between some parasite infections and cancer in the human population has been reported by different research groups. anticancer activity of some parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis, acantamoeba castellani and plasmodium yoelii has been shown in experimental animals. moreover, it has been shown that cancer-associated mucin-type o-glycan compositions are made by parasites, therefore cancers and parasites have common antigens. in this report ... | 2012 | 23231515 |
| sentinel surveillance for zoonotic parasites in companion animals in indigenous communities of saskatchewan. | indigenous communities may have increased risk of exposure to zoonotic parasites, including echinococcus granulosus, toxocara canis, toxoplasma gondii, diphyllobothrium spp., and giardia duodenalis, for which dogs may serve as sentinels for or sources of human infection. canid fecal samples were collected from dogs and the environment in five indigenous communities across saskatchewan and alberta (n = 58, 62, 43, 66, and 25). parasites in individual fecal samples were quantified using fecal flot ... | 2012 | 22826486 |
| seasonal and biogeographical patterns of gastrointestinal parasites in large carnivores: wolves in a coastal archipelago. | parasites are increasingly recognized for their profound influences on individual, population and ecosystem health. we provide the first report of gastrointestinal parasites in gray wolves from the central and north coasts of british columbia, canada. across 60 000 km(2), wolf feces were collected from 34 packs in 2005-2008. at a smaller spatial scale (3300 km(2)), 8 packs were sampled in spring and autumn. parasite eggs, larvae, and cysts were identified using standard flotation techniques and ... | 2012 | 22309976 |
| trichinella spiralis: monoclonal antibody against the muscular larvae for the detection of circulating and fecal antigens in experimentally infected rats. | in this work we search for antigens of trichinella spiralis in sera and stool of rats experimentally infected. the kinetic of antibodies to excretory and secretory (es) antigens of muscle larvae (ml) was also determined. wistar rats were infected with 15 ml per gram of body weight and blood samples were collected weekly for 10 weeks. antibodies were studied using an indirect elisa. for detection of circulating antigens and coproantigens, a sandwich elisa was developed with the use of polyclonal ... | 2012 | 23026455 |
| high prevalence of intestinal infections and ectoparasites in dogs, minas gerais state (southeast brazil). | in the present study, 155 dogs euthanized by the zoonotic disease unit of uberlândia in minas gerais state (southeast brazil) were autopsied. ectoparasites were collected, and the intestinal content of dogs was systematically examined for the presence of helminthic parasites. in total, we isolated 5,155 metazoan parasites of eight species (three intestinal helminth species, five ectoparasite species). the cestode dipylidium caninum was present in 57 dogs (36.8 %), the nematodes ancylostoma canin ... | 2012 | 22825284 |
| a study on parasites in mexican rheumatic disease patients. | blastocystis hominis is a common human parasite with infection rates up to 50% in developing countries, and giardiasis is the commonest intestinal one in mexico. no doubt, various parasites as giardia lamblia and entamoeba histolytica can cause rheumatic diseases. this study coproparasitoscopic analysis evaluated the cysts by b. hominis, g. lamblia, e. hartmani, e. coli and e. histolytica in mexican rheumatic disease patients. also, elisa was used to detect e. histolytica, ascaris lumbricoides, ... | 2012 | 23214207 |
| immunolocalization of arginine kinase (ak) in toxocara canis, toxocara vitulorum, and ascaris lumbricoides. | arginine kinase (ak) is a member of the phosphagen kinase family. ak plays a major role in cellular energy metabolism in invertebrates including nematodes. in the present study, we performed the direct immunofluorescence test to determine the immunolocalization of ak in different stages of the life cycle (eggs, larvae, and adult worms) of toxocara canis, toxocara vitulorum, and ascaris lumbricoides. our results indicated variable levels of expression of ak in different stages. moreover, strong f ... | 2012 | 22398835 |
| igg antibody responses in mice coinfected with toxocara canis and other helminths or protozoan parasites. | the immune response expressed by igg antibodies in balb/c mice experimentally infected with toxocara canis, was studied with the aim of verifying the possible in vivo cross-reactivity between antigens of t. canis and other parasites (ascaris suum, taenia crassiceps, schistosoma mansoni, strongyloides venezuelensis and toxoplasma gondii). experiments included three groups of mice: one infected only by t. canis, another with one of the other species of parasites and a third concomitantly infected ... | 2012 | 22634886 |
| zoonotic infections in native communities of james bay, canada. | the cree communities of james bay might be at risk of contracting zoonoses from their contacts with wildlife. evidence of exposure to seven zoonotic infections, namely trichinella spp., toxoplasma gondii, toxocara canis, echinococcus granulosus, leptospira spp., coxiella burnetii, and francisella tularensis, was sought in sera from 267 residents of chisasibi (166) and waskaganish (101). study participants responded to questionnaires documenting socio-demographic characteristics and hunting and t ... | 2012 | 22217180 |
| prevalence of endoparasites in stray and fostered dogs and cats in northern germany. | to get an overview of the current state of endoparasite prevalences in stray and not well-cared dogs and cats, faecal samples of 445 stray and foster dogs and 837 stray and foster cats were collected at their arrival at animal shelters in lower saxony (germany). they were investigated for infections with endoparasites by the use of sedimentation-flotation method. additionally, 341 canine and 584 feline samples were investigated by idexx snap® giardia test. stages of endoparasites were found copr ... | 2012 | 22526289 |
| duplex quantitative real-time pcr assay for the detection and discrimination of the eggs of toxocara canis and toxocara cati (nematoda, ascaridoidea) in soil and fecal samples. | toxocarosis is a zoonotic disease caused by toxocara canis (t. canis) and/or toxocara cati (t. cati), two worldwide distributed roundworms which are parasites of canids and felids, respectively. infections of humans occur through ingestion of embryonated eggs of t. canis or t. cati, when playing with soils contaminated with dogs or cats feces. accordingly, the assessment of potential contamination of these areas with these roundworms eggs is paramount. | 2012 | 23216873 |
| [parasitic infections of coyote, canis latrans (carnivora: canidae) in a costa rican national park and a surrounding agricultural area]. | as human populations expand into wild habitats with their pets and livestock, the potential spread of disease to wildlife or vice versa increases. because, wild and domestic canids may pose as reservoirs or disseminators of infectious diseases (including parasites), coyotes (canis latrans) may also serve as indicators of ecological health. in costa rica, little information exists on coyote parasites, making research necessary to identify potential zoonotic interactions. for this reason, a survey ... | 2012 | 23894947 |
| clinical and biological features of adult toxocariasis. | to determine the main clinical signs and symptoms of adult toxocariasis and the relationship between anti-toxocara canis antibody levels, symptoms, and the other biological parameters. | 2012 | 23700906 |
| toxocara seroprevalence in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease: chance association or coincidence? | most cases of idiopathic parkinson disease (ipd) are believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between toxocariasis and parkinson disease (pd). patients were selected from people who were admitted to the movement disorders branch, neurology department of elazığ university faculty of medicine elazığ, turkey. we studied specific igg antibodies against toxocara canis (t. canis) in 50 patients with idiopathi ... | 2012 | 23509761 |
| toxocara canis: molecular basis of immune recognition and evasion. | toxocara canis has extraordinary abilities to survive for many years in the tissues of diverse vertebrate species, as well as to develop to maturity in the intestinal tract of its definitive canid host. human disease is caused by larval stages invading musculature, brain and the eye, and immune mechanisms appear to be ineffective at eliminating the infection. survival of t. canis larvae can be attributed to two molecular strategies evolved by the parasite. firstly, it releases quantities of 'exc ... | 2012 | 23351972 |
| detection and identification of toxocara canis dna in bronchoalveolar lavage of infected mice using a novel real-time pcr. | toxocarosis is a zoonosis with worldwide distribution caused by toxocara spp. of dogs and cats. in humans, diagnosis relies mainly on detection of parasite-specific antibodies. although serological assays in current use have defined sensitivity and specificity, the problem of cross-reactivity still remains, particularly in areas of endemic polyparasitism. microscopic detection of the parasite in tissue biopsies is not recommended for diagnosis because larvae can be difficult to locate, and findi ... | 2012 | 23332124 |
| hair contamination of sheepdog and pet dogs with toxocara canis eggs. | we tried to investigate the hair contamination of pet dogs and farm sheepdog with toxocara eggs in terms of the different sex and age groups in north-west of iran (urmia and its suburbs). | 2012 | 23323100 |
| laboratory diagnosis of human toxocariasis. | toxocariasis is a helminth zoonosis caused by infection with the larvae of toxocara spp. ascarid worms. only two species, toxocara canis and toxocara cati, are recognised as causative agents of human disease. the best choice for serodiagnosis of the generalised forms of toxocariasis, visceral larva migrans (vlm) or covert toxocariasis, relies upon the initial use of tes-elisa, after which any positive result should subsequently be tested by western blotting (wb). covert toxocariasis is mostly a ... | 2012 | 23318165 |
| toxocara spp. infections in paratenic hosts. | the zoonotic roundworms toxocara canis and t. cati are not only present worldwide in their definitive hosts; they also frequently occur in other animal species, including humans. in those so-called paratenic hosts, the larvae do not develop into the adult stage, but rather migrate throughout the somatic tissue and persist as infectious l3 stage for extensive periods. those arrested larvae may lead to severe inflammatory reactions and consequently to a wide range of pathological and clinical mani ... | 2012 | 23312872 |
| veterinary and public health aspects of toxocara spp. | pet dogs and cats can play an important role in the transmission of zoonotic nematodes such as toxocara canis and toxocara cati, by excreting eggs directly into the human environment, without the involvement of vectors or intermediate hosts. human toxocarosis remains a hazard despite the availability of highly effective anthelmintics for dogs and cats. a good understanding of the biology and epidemiology of these parasites, and the risk factors that lead to their transmission to humans is requir ... | 2012 | 23305972 |
| factors affecting disease manifestation of toxocarosis in humans: genetics and environment. | toxocara canis is regarded as the main cause of human toxocarosis but the relative contribution of t. cati is probably underestimated; serological and other diagnostic methods used in most studies of this zoonotic disease do not distinguish between the two parasites. the definitive hosts for t. canis are caniidae. pups generally have higher infection rates than adult animals and are a major source of eggs in the environment. humans usually acquire t. canis infection by accidental ingestion of em ... | 2012 | 23290279 |
| [bell's palsy and facial pain associated with toxocara infection]. | toxocarosis involving cranial nerves is extremely rare and almost exclusively concerns the optic nerve. toxocarosis involving the seventh cranial nerve has not been reported. | 2012 | 23282502 |
| correlation between asthma and toxocara canis infection. | the aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between asthma and toxocariasis. | 2012 | 23272518 |
| intestinal and lung parasites in owned dogs and cats from central italy. | prevalence and risk factors of intestinal and lung parasites were investigated in 239 owned dogs and 81 owned cats from central italy. in 36 dogs and 20 cats found infected by nematodes, pre and post-treatment faecal egg count (fec) was also evaluated. about 31% of dogs and about 35% of cats resulted positive for at least one intestinal or lung parasitic species. helminthic, intestinal and zoonotic infections resulted prevalent in examined animals. examined dogs resulted infected by toxocara can ... | 2012 | 23265188 |
| prevalence of dog intestinal nematode parasites in south central west virginia, usa. | coprological examination was used to determine prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in a sample of 231 dogs (117 females and 114 males) during the summer of 2009 at a veterinary clinic in south central west virginia, usa. clinical signs (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting, weight gain or loss) were noted in addition to a history of anthelmintic usage. a total of 79 dogs (33.6%) were infected with one or more intestinal nematodes. most dogs (58) were parasitized with a single species, 19 were parasiti ... | 2011 | 21277089 |
| giardia and other intestinal parasites in dogs from veterinary clinics in japan. | the present study is the first report that describes the national survey of intestinal parasites in private household dogs brought to veterinary clinics in japan. a total of 2,365 fresh feces were collected. giardia-specific coproantigen was examined by elisa kit (snap(®) giardia, idexx laboratories, inc.; maine, usa). other intestinal parasites were determined microscopically using the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. according to age categories, giardia duodenalis, cystoisospora ... | 2011 | 21279384 |
| interventions to prevent dog fouling: a systematic review of the evidence. | to undertake a systematic review of articles on the prevention of dog fouling. | 2011 | 21295801 |
| risk of toxocara canis eggs in stray and domestic dog hair in egypt. | the aim of the study was to assess whether the hair of stray and domestic dogs in egypt was contaminated with the eggs of the zoonotic parasite toxocara canis, and also to identify risk factors for t. canis for contamination. paired samples of hair and feces were collected from 53 stray and 47 domestic dogs, and hair samples were obtained from a further 11 stray and 9 domestic dogs. all samples were examined to identify t. canis eggs and, if eggs were found, their maturation stage. eggs were ide ... | 2011 | 21330056 |
| anti-toxocara spp. antibodies in sheep from southeastern brazil. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of anti-toxocara antibodies in sheep from presidente prudente, southeastern brazil. serum samples were obtained from 365 sheep of diverse breeds and different ages. samples were collected at a slaughterhouse and at farms located in presidente prudente. three groups of animal of different ages were evaluated according to age: group i: between 1 and 6 months old; group ii: between 7 and 10 months old; and group iii: between 11 and 15 months o ... | 2011 | 21330057 |
| fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis associated with ocular toxocariasis. | 2011 | 21331701 | |
| an elisa for sensitive and specific detection of circulating antigen of angiostrongylus vasorum in serum samples of naturally and experimentally infected dogs. | canine angiostrongylosis is an emerging cardiopulmonary disease in europe which can be fatal if left untreated. we developed a sandwich-elisa based on a monoclonal antibody (mab av 56/1/2) and on polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed against angiostrongylus vasorum adult excretory/secretory - antigen for the detection of circulating serum antigen of a. vasorum. the sensitivity of the test was 95.7% (78.1-99.9, 95% ci) as determined with sera of 23 dogs naturally infected with a. vasorum. the spe ... | 2011 | 21333451 |
| toxocara and ascaris seropositivity among patients suspected of visceral and ocular larva migrans in the netherlands: trends from 1998 to 2009. | toxocara canis, toxocara cati and ascaris suum are roundworms of dogs, cats and pigs, respectively, that can also infect humans. these zoonotic helminths have a worldwide distribution and are also endemic in the netherlands. infection with toxocara sp. may result in visceral larva migrans (vlm) or ocular larva migrans (olm) caused by the migrating larvae. although a. suum has been reported to occasionally mature to the adult stage in humans, clinical cases of vlm suspected to be caused by a. suu ... | 2011 | 21365288 |
| an epidemiological study of intestinal parasites of dogs from yucatan, mexico, and their risk to public health. | abstract the prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs and factors associated were studied in a rural community of yucatan (southern mexico), with special attention to those gastrointestinal parasites potentially transmitted to man. one hundred thirty dogs from 91 households were studied. fecal samples were processed by the centrifugation-flotation and the mcmaster techniques. to determine factors associated with zoonotic parasites in dogs, univariate analysis was performed, using sex, age, and ... | 2011 | 21395413 |
| seroprevalence of 10 zoonotic infections in 2 canadian cree communities. | we evaluated the seroprevalence of 10 zoonotic agents among the general population (15 years old and over) of eastmain and wemindji, james bay, quebec, in 2007. overall seroprevalence rates were similar between the 2 communities. nearly half the individuals tested (n = 251; 146 women, 105 men) were seropositive (n = 115) for at least one zoonosis. the highest seroprevalence rates were for leptospira sp. (23%), francisella tularensis (17%), and the california serogroup viruses (jc and ssh viruses ... | 2011 | 21398073 |
| toxocara canis infection is associated with eosinophilia and total ige in blood donors from a large brazilian centre. | to investigate the association between toxocara canis infection and total ige levels and eosinophilia in blood donors from a large brazilian city. | 2011 | 21410848 |
| exposure to infectious agents in dogs in remote coastal british columbia: possible sentinels of diseases in wildlife and humans. | ranked among the top threats to conservation worldwide, infectious disease is of particular concern for wild canids because domestic dogs (canis familiaris) may serve as sources and reservoirs of infection. on british columbia's largely undeveloped but rapidly changing central and north coasts, little is known about diseases in wolves (canis lupus) or other wildlife. however, several threats exist for transfer of diseases among unvaccinated dogs and wolves. to gain baseline data on infectious ag ... | 2011 | 21461190 |
| evidence for eosinophil recruitment, leukotriene b4 production and mast cell hyperplasia following toxocara canis infection in rats. | it is well known that eosinophilia is a key pathogenetic component of toxocariasis. the objective of the present study was to determine if there is an association between peritoneal and blood eosinophil influx, mast cell hyperplasia and leukotriene b(4) (ltb(4)) production after toxocara canis infection. oral inoculation of 56-day-old wistar rats (n = 5-7 per group) with 1000 embryonated eggs containing third-stage (l3) t. canis larvae led to a robust accumulation of total leukocytes in blood be ... | 2011 | 21487643 |
| toxocariasis: visceral larva migrans in children. | to present a detailed investigation of risk factors, symptoms, and laboratory and imaging tests that may be useful to establish the clinical laboratory diagnosis of visceral larva migrans (vlm) in children, demonstrating the importance of diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications in the eyes, liver, and other organs. | 2011 | 21503372 |
| marked hypereosinophilia in a toddler: a case report. | human toxocariasis is primarily a soil-transmitted zoonosis, so children with geophagia are at an increased risk of toxocariasis, especially those living in homes with puppies that have not been dewormed. | 2011 | 21505583 |
| specific detection of angiostrongylus cantonensis in the snail achatina fulica using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | angiostrongylus cantonensis, a rat lungworm, can cause eosinophilic meningitis and angiostrongyliasis in humans following ingestion of contaminated foods or intermediate/paratenic hosts with infective larvae. the snail achatina fulica is one of the important intermediate hosts of a. cantonensis and is commonly eaten by humans in some countries. in the present study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for the specific detection of a. cantonensis in ac. fulica. pri ... | 2011 | 21515360 |
| identification of candidate antigens from adult stages of toxocara canis for the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. | in the present work, we identified adult toxocara canis antigens through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for potential use in human toxocariasis immunodiagnosis. the sensitivity and specificity of several semi-purified antigens, as well as their cross-reactivity with other parasitic infections, were assessed by igm and igg-enzime linked immunosorbent assay. whilst we found that the crude extract of the parasite presented limited sensitivity, specificity and high cross-r ... | 2011 | 21537681 |
| potential immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment of toxocariasis. | in human toxocariasis, there are few approaches using immunological markers for diagnosis and therapeutic assessment. an immunoblot (ib) assay using excretory-secretory toxocara canis antigen was standardized for monitoring igg, ige and iga antibodies in 27 children with toxocariasis (23 visceral, three mixed visceral and ocular, and one ocular form) for 22-116 months after chemotherapy. ib sensitivity was 100% for igg antibodies to bands of molecular weight 29-38, 48-54, 95-116, 121-162, >205 k ... | 2011 | 21537750 |
| improved detection of canine angiostrongylus vasorum infection using real-time pcr and indirect elisa. | this study reports the development of a real-time pcr assay and an indirect elisa to improve on current detection of canine angiostrongylus vasorum infection. a highly specific fluorescent probe-based, real-time pcr assay was developed to target the a. vasorum second internal transcribed spacer region and detected dna in edta blood, lung tissue, broncho-alveolar larvage fluid, endotracheal mucus, pharyngeal swabs and faecal samples. pcr was fast (∼1 h), highly efficient when using edta blood sam ... | 2011 | 21537986 |
| toxocara canis larvae reinfecting balb/c mice exhibit accelerated speed of migration to the host cns. | using a small animal imaging system, migratory activity of toxocara canis larvae stained by carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (cfse) was observed post primary infection (ppi) and post reinfection (pr) of balb/c mice. each infection was performed with 1,000 larvae per mouse. primary infections were performed with labeled larvae, while for challenge infections the reinfecting larvae were stained by cfse. the worm burden in mouse organs was determined during a period from 6 h to 21 days and 4 m ... | 2011 | 21537988 |
| prevalence of canine gastrointestinal helminths in urban lusaka and rural katete districts of zambia. | faecal samples were collected from january 2010 through september 2010 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (gi) helminths infestation in dogs in urban lusaka and rural katete districts of zambia. a total of 452 faecal samples (n=160 katete, n=292 lusaka) were examined by faecal flotation for the presence of helminth eggs and 82.5% of dogs were positive for gi helminths in katete compared to 76% for lusaka. positive results with the presence of at least one parasite corresponded to 72 ... | 2011 | 21612833 |
| complete mitochondrial genomes of baylisascaris schroederi, baylisascaris ailuri and baylisascaris transfuga from giant panda, red panda and polar bear. | roundworms of the genus baylisascaris are the most common parasitic nematodes of the intestinal tracts of wild mammals, and most of them have significant impacts in veterinary and public health. mitochondrial (mt) genomes provide a foundation for studying epidemiology and ecology of these parasites and therefore may be used to assist in the control of baylisascariasis. here, we determined the complete sequences of mtdnas for baylisascaris schroederi, baylisascaris ailuri and baylisascaris transf ... | 2011 | 21621593 |
| ocular toxocariasis--united states, 2009-2010. | ocular toxocariasis (ot) is caused by the zoonotic parasites toxocara canis and toxocara cati, roundworms of dogs and cats. persons become infected with toxocara when they unintentionally ingest embryonated eggs that have been shed in the feces of infected animals. although ot is uncommon, it most often affects young children and can cause debilitating ophthalmologic disease, including blindness. previous studies of ot in the united states have been conducted in single institutions. this report ... | 2011 | 21659981 |
| old problems on a new playing field: helminth zoonoses transmitted among dogs, wildlife, and people in a changing northern climate. | although surveillance is limited, indigenous residents at latitudes ranging from 53 to 73°n in canada appear to have a higher occurrence of infection with some zoonotic parasites than the general population. conversely, they are relatively naïve to other zoonotic parasites that have previously been unable to establish at northern latitudes. for those parasites that circulate among dogs, wildlife, and people, potential risk factors in the north include limited availability of veterinary services, ... | 2011 | 21802208 |
| [toxocariasis under the present conditions]. | toxocariasis is today the most widespread zoonotic, helminthic infection in russia and other countries of the world. a large population of toxocara has recently inhabited the urban populations of dogs and cats. therefore toxocariasis canis and toxocariasis cati have shifted from rural areas to cities and megalopolises where toxocara canis infestation amounts to as much as 100%, without excluding that in the rural populations of dogs. due to the fact that the number of dogs and cats has considera ... | 2011 | 21800450 |
| temperature and the development and survival of infective toxocara canis larvae. | the influence of temperature on the development and survival of toxocara canis larvae was investigated under laboratory conditions, in water at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°c and at room temperature 22°c?±?1°c. t. canis eggs were able to develop to the larvated stage at all the tested temperatures. development rate increased with temperature. linear regression of development rate against temperature predicted a lower development threshold of 11.8°c. eggs survived cooling to 1 and -2°c for 6 weeks, and ... | 2011 | 21779864 |