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risk factors for opisthorchis viverrini infection among schoolchildren in lao pdr.a matched-pair case-control study was conducted to identify factors associated with opisthorchis viverrini infection among primary schoolchildren to develop preventive education. a house-to-house interview of the guardians of 118 children (59 cases and 59 controls) was conducted to collect information about theirs and their children's fish eating habits of 10 locally available fish species. the guardians' knowledge and attitudes about opisthorchis viverrini infection and socio-economic status we ...201223077836
[opisthorchiasis: tradition and innovation].the purpose of the review: present new data on the causative agent, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of opisthorchiasis.201223402155
proteomic analysis to identify plasma orosomucoid 2 and kinesin 18a as potential biomarkers of cholangiocarcinoma.proteomic analysis was performed to search for the diagnostic biomarkers of the early stage of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). for this purpose, cca was experimentally induced in hamsters by the combination of n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) treatment and opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection. pooled plasma of normal control, ndma-treated, ov-infected and ov+ndma (on) treated group was separated by 1-d page, and the trypsin-digested bands were analyzed with lc-ms/ms. among 82 overexpressed proteins, the ...201223396253
opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui: development of a multiplex pcr assay for their detection and differentiation using specific primers derived from hat-rapd.specific primers for the detection of opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui were investigated by using the hat-rapd pcr method. fourteen arbitrary primers (operon technologies) were performed for the generation of polymorphic dna profiles. the results showed that a 319 bp fragment generated from the opa-04 primer was expected to be o. viverrini-specific while a 256 bp fragment generated from the opp-11 primer was considered to be h. taichui-specific. based on each sequence data, two pair ...201222874527
carcinogenic human liver fluke: current status of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in nakhon ratchasima, thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in southeast asia. it is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma.201222799311
exome sequencing of liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma.opisthorchis viverrini-related cholangiocarcinoma (cca), a fatal bile duct cancer, is a major public health concern in areas endemic for this parasite. we report here whole-exome sequencing of eight o. viverrini-related tumors and matched normal tissue. we identified and validated 206 somatic mutations in 187 genes using sanger sequencing and selected 15 genes for mutation prevalence screening in an additional 46 individuals with cca (cases). in addition to the known cancer-related genes tp53 (m ...201222561520
chromosomes and karyotype analysis of a liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, by scanning electron microscopy.opisthorchis viverrini, a human liver fluke, has been categorized as the carcinogenic organism according to the strong association with carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the infection of this food-borne parasite is a major impact on the health of humans, especially cca patients in the northeast of thailand. taxonomy, morphology, epidemiology and molecular study of o. viverrini have been publicized increasingly but the precise karyotypic study is still incomplete. in this study, the chr ...201222504416
exceptionally high prevalence of infection of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos with opisthorchis viverrini cercariae in different wetlands in thailand and lao pdr.the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, requires bithynia snail intermediate hosts in its life cycle. however, the prevalence of o. viverrini in snail intermediate hosts is typically low (< 1%). here, we examined b. siamensis goniomphalos from 48 localities in thailand and the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) and reported high-prevalence levels of o. viverrini. the highest-prevalence levels per locality were 6.93% (mean = 3.04%) in thailand and 8.37% (mean = 2.01%) in lao ...201222403318
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of thunbergia laurifolia linn. on experimental opisthorchiasis.thunbergia laurifolia linn (rang chuet) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as well as anticancer activities. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of t. laurifolia in reducing inflammation from pathological changes in syrian hamsters infected with the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini. hamster groups were also administered n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) and treated with t. laurifolia. light microscopic observation of histopathological changes, liver ...201222327320
low efficacy of single-dose albendazole and mebendazole against hookworm and effect on concomitant helminth infection in lao pdr.albendazole and mebendazole are increasingly deployed for preventive chemotherapy targeting soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections. we assessed the efficacy of single oral doses of albendazole (400 mg) and mebendazole (500 mg) for the treatment of hookworm infection in school-aged children in lao pdr. since opisthorchis viverrini is co-endemic in our study setting, the effect of the two drugs could also be determined against this liver fluke.201222235353
impaired antioxidant enzyme activity and increased dna repair enzyme expression in hamster liver tissues related to cholangiocarcinoma development.a possible mechanism of liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini; ov) -associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca) genesis may be imbalance in responses of antioxidant enzymes and/or dna repair enzymes which are the consequence of oxidative/nitrative stress, arising from inflammatory processes. this study aimed to investigate changes in the expression patterns of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2) and catalase (cat), as well as their activities in ov-associated hamster cca tissues. ...201223480773
prevalence and co-infection of intestinal parasites among thai rural residents at high-risk of developing cholangiocarcinoma: a cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study.intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) are still important to the health of thai rural residents. ipis are the cause of many chronic diseases with, for example, opisthorchiasis resulting in progression to cholangiocarcinoma (cca). this cross-sectional study in a prospective cohort study aimed to examine the prevalence and co- infection of intestinal parasites among northeastern thai rural residents, recruited into the khon kaen cohort study (kkcs), and who were residing in areas of high-risk for ...201223464426
examining landscape determinants of opisthorchis viverrini transmission.liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini, o.v.) infection, along with its associated cholangiocarcinoma, is a major public health problem in southeast asia. despite the vast amount of epidemiological research, human o.v. prevalence remains high and varies greatly across the region. this paper examines the landscape determinants that influence o.v. transmission in relation to the three hosts of its life cycle and identifies areas that require further research so as to advance the understanding of the ...201222890564
prkar1a overexpression is associated with increased ecpka autoantibody in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma: application for assessment of the risk group.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) associated with opisthorchis viverrini (ov) chronic infection is the most frequent primary liver cancer in thailand, and current approaches to early diagnosis and curative treatments are largely disappointing. we hypothesize a role for protein kinase a (pka) in ov-induced cca. first, we studied the pka isozyme switching in the liver from the hamster cca model using quantitative (q) pcr, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. second, the ...201222922884
prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in nakhon ratchasima province, northeast thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in southeast asia especially in lao pdr and thailand. it is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the major etiology of cholangiocarcinoma.201223244144
community-based cross-sectional study of carcinogenic human liver fluke in elderly from surin province, thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public-health problem in southeast asia. it is associated with a number of hepatobiliary diseases and the evidence strongly indicates that liver fluke infection is the etiology of cholangiocarcinoma.201223167329
a hospital-based study of epidemiological and clinical data on blastocystis hominis infection.blastocystis hominis is a foodborne protozoan found in the human feces worldwide. one hundred and ninety-nine individuals with stool samples positive for b. hominis were identified from a pool of 14,325 patient stools collected between 2003 and 2010 from srinagarind hospital in thailand. the medical records of patients were reviewed for demographic and clinical data. of the 85 patients (42.7%) who had b. hominis infection with no co-infections, 42.5% experienced gastrointestinal symptoms. abdomi ...201223075461
molecular changes in opisthorchis viverrini (southeast asian liver fluke) during the transition from the juvenile to the adult stage.the southeast asian liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini) chronically infects and affects tens of millions of people in regions of asia, leading to chronic illness and, importantly, inducing malignant cancer (= cholangiocarcinoma). in spite of this, little is known, at the molecular level, about the parasite itself, its interplay with its hosts or the mechanisms of disease and/or carcinogenesis.201223209858
the tumorigenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini--multiple pathways to cancer.liver fluke infection caused by opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in thailand and adjacent countries. in addition to infection-associated morbidity, infection with o. viverrini and the related clonorchis sinensis are unarguable risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (caa, bile-duct cancer). here we review the pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and the association between o. viverrini infection and bile-duct cancer, focusing on the molecular parallels between wound healing, chroni ...201222947297
trematode infections: liver and lung flukes.food-borne trematodiases are an emerging public health problem in southeast asia and latin america and of growing importance for travel clinics in europe and north america. the disease is caused by chronic infections with liver, lung, and intestinal flukes. this article focuses on the most important liver and lung flukes that parasitize man, namely clonorchis sinensis, fasciola gigantica, fasciola hepatica, opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini, and paragonimus spp. the article describes ...201222632646
insights into scp/taps proteins of liver flukes based on large-scale bioinformatic analyses of sequence datasets.scp/taps proteins of parasitic helminths have been proposed to play key roles in fundamental biological processes linked to the invasion of and establishment in their mammalian host animals, such as the transition from free-living to parasitic stages and the modulation of host immune responses. despite the evidence that scp/taps proteins of parasitic nematodes are involved in host-parasite interactions, there is a paucity of information on this protein family for parasitic trematodes of socio-ec ...201222384000
parasites and malignancies, a review, with emphasis on digestive cancer induced by cryptosporidium parvum (alveolata: apicomplexa).the international agency for research on cancer (iarc) identifies ten infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) able to induce cancer disease in humans. among parasites, a carcinogenic role is currently recognized to the digenetic trematodes schistosoma haematobium, leading to bladder cancer, and to clonorchis sinensis or opisthorchis viverrini, which cause cholangiocarcinoma. furthermore, several reports suspected the potential association of other parasitic infections (due to protozoan ...201222348213
development of mitochondrial loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of the small liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini (opisthorchiidae; trematoda; platyhelminthes).mitochondrial dna sequences offer major advantages over the more usual nuclear targets for loop-mediated isothermal amplification approaches (mito-lamp) because multiple copies occur in every cell. four lamp primers [f3, fip(f1c+f2), bip(b1c+b2), and b3] were designed based on the mitochondrial nad1 sequence of opisthorchis viverrini and used for a highly specific assay (mito-ovlamp) to distinguish dna of o. viverrini from that of another opisthorchiid (clonorchis sinensis) and other trematodes ...201222322346
[role of infectious agents in the emergence of malignant tumors].according to the data of the international agency for research on cancer (iarc), at least 6 virus species (hpv, ebv, hhv-8/kshv, htlv-1, hbv, hcv), 4 helminthes species (schistosoma haematobium and japonicum, opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis) and i bacterium species (helicobacter pylori) have been proved to be capable of causing the development of cancer. the analysis of the data available shows that merkel cell polyomavirus (mcv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), john cunningham polyomavi ...201223163048
high prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in a riparian population in takeo province, cambodia.opisthorchis viverrini infection was found to be highly prevalent in 3 riverside villages (ang svay chek a, b, and c) of the prey kabas district, takeo province. this area is located in the southern part of cambodia, where the recovery of adult o. viverrini worms was recently reported. from may 2006 until may 2010, fecal examinations were performed on a total of 1,799 villagers using the kato-katz thick smear technique. in the 3 villages, the overall positive rate for helminth eggs ranged from 5 ...201222711932
proteomic identification of plasma protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha and fibronectin associated with liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, infection.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini induces periductal fibrosis via host immune/inflammatory responses. plasma protein alteration during host-parasite interaction-mediated inflammation may provide potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers. to search for target protein changes in o. viverrini-infected hamsters, a 1-d page gel band was trypsin-digested and analyzed by a lc-ms/ms-based proteomics approach in the plasma profile of infected hamsters, and applied to humans. sixty ...201223029023
molecular characterization of a tetraspanin from the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, is designated as a group 1 carcinogen, and is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma in endemic countries throughout southeast asia. proteins in the excretory-secretory products and tegumental surface membranes of the fluke have been proposed to play pivotal roles in parasite survival in the host, and subsequent pathogenesis. these macromolecules are therefore valid targets for the development of vaccines and new drugs to control the infection ...201223236532
co-infection with opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui detected by human fecal examination in chomtong district, chiang mai province, thailand.diseases caused by the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini and the minute intestinal fluke, haplorchis taichui, are clinically important, especially in the northeast and north regions of thailand. it is often difficult to distinguish between these trematode species using morphological methods due to the similarity of their eggs and larval stages both in mixed and co-infections. a sensitive, accurate, and specific detection method of these flukes is required for an effective epidemiological contr ...201222047704
Comparative histopathology of Opisthorchis felineus and Opisthorchis viverrini in a hamster model: An implication of high pathogenicity of the European liver fluke.European liver fluke (Opisthorchis felineus) and Asian liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) are similar in morphology but comparative pathology of the infections has not been described. We therefore did comparative histopathology of both parasites in an experimental animal model. The study was conducted in 3 groups of 105 Syrian golden hamsters; the first and second groups fed with 50 metacercariae of O. felineus (OF) or O. viverrini (OV) and the last group was uninfected controls. Five hamsters ...201221854870
Effects of Bayluscide on Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, the first intermediate host of the human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in laboratory and field trials.The molluscicidal effects of Bayluscide (niclosamide) were investigated on Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, the first intermediate host of human liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini. Lethal concentrations of 50% (LC(50)) and 95% (LC(95)) against young and adult males were 0.38 and 0.80, 0.42 and 0.86ppm, respectively. The LC(50) and LC(95) against young and adult females were 0.42 and 0.86, 0.46 and 0.97ppm, respectively. No significant differences in mortality rate between sexes or snail size (p ...201221864711
rapid detection of opisthorchis viverrini copro-dna using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp).opisthorchis viverrini and other foodborne trematode infections are major health problem in thailand, the lao people's democratic republic, vietnam and cambodia. differential diagnosis of o. viverrini based on the microscopic observation of parasite eggs is difficult in areas where clonorchis sinensis and minute intestinal flukes coexist. we therefore established a rapid, sensitive and specific method for detecting o. viverrini infection from the stool samples using the loop-mediated isothermal ...201221871581
Fecal bacterial contamination in natural water reservoirs as an indicator of seasonal infection by Opisthorchis viverrini in snail intermediate hosts.Opisthorchis viverrini, a carcinogenic liver fluke, requires Bithynia snails as the first intermediate host, which release cercariae after ingesting fluke eggs from contaminated water. Fecal bacterial contamination and O. viverrini-infected Bithynia snails were investigated in samples collected from natural water reservoirs in Ban Phai, Chonnabot and Muang Districts (Ban Lerngpeuy) in Khon Kaen Province, northeast Thailand, where there is a high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma. Water was sampled ...201221871971
Effect of light intensity on Opisthorchis viverrini cercarial shedding levels from Bithynia snails - A preliminary study.Opisthorchis viverrini requires Bithynia snails as the first intermediate host and cyprinid fish as the second intermediate host. Very low natural infection rates have been reported in Bithynia snails, but very high rates have been found in cyprinid fish in the same endemic region. This study investigated the effect of light intensity, the most important stimulus, on the quantity of O. viverrini cercariae shed from naturally infected Bithynia (Digoniostoma) siamensis goniomphalos snails. Snails ...201221872679
protective immunization of hamsters against opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with the reduction of tgf-β expression.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a significant health problem in thailand and other countries in southeast asia. there is little known about the mechanisms of the immune response to o. viverrini in immunoprotection. however, it has been reported that this parasite can suppress both cell and antibody mediated immune responses. the tgf-β and il-10 are immunosuppressive cytokines that play an important role in inhibition of host immune response leading to worm survival. in this study, we immuniz ...201222266215
rapid detection and differentiation of clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini eggs in human fecal samples using a duplex real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr and melting curve analysis.we developed a single step duplex real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) pcr merged with melting curve analysis for the fast detection and differentiation of clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini eggs in human fecal samples. two species of mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) dna elements, the 165-bp nad2 product of c. sinensis and the 209-bp nad2 product of o. viverrini, were amplified by species-specific primers, and the fluorescence melting curve analyse ...201222246366
mechanisms of oxysterol-induced disease: insights from the biliary system.oxysterols are oxidized species of cholesterol that are derived from exogenous (e.g. dietary) and endogenous (in vivo) sources. oxysterols play critical roles in normal physiologic functions as well as in pathophysiologic processes in a variety of organ systems. this review provides an overview of oxysterol biology from the vantage point of the biliary system. several oxysterols have been identified in human bile in the context of biliary tract infection and inflammation. this finding has led to ...201223630545
[strengthening the research on clonorchiasis in china].liver flukes mainly include clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, and opisthorchis felineus. the international congress of liver flukes was held in khon kaen, thailand, during 7-8th march, 2011. the congress assembled a wide array of studies and reflected the current status of research, control and prevention of liver flukes in the world. this paper summarizes basic information from the meeting. meanwhile, based on the research status and needs for control and prevention, priorities of re ...201121970113
mthfr polymorphisms and opisthorchis viverrini infection: a relationship with increased susceptibility to cholangiocarcinoma in thailand.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (cca). methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) is an important enzyme in folate metabolism. change in mthfr activity may influence both dna methylation and synthesis, crucial steps in carcinogenesis. this study aimed to investigate the association between mthfr polymorphisms and ov infection with cca risk in a high-incidence area of thailand. a nested case-control study within cohort study was carried out: ...201121875294
plasma hydroxyproline, mmp-7 and collagen i as novel predictive risk markers of hepatobiliary disease-associated cholangiocarcinoma.chronic opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini infection is characterized by advanced periductal fibrosis leading to hepatobiliary diseases (hbd), including cholangiocarcinoma (cca). we aimed to determine fibrotic markers to differentiate hbd status including opisthorchiasis, benign biliary disease (bbd) and cca. candidate fibrotic markers in plasma of healthy individuals (n = 14) and patients with opisthorchiasis (n = 32, pre- and post-treatment with praziquantel), bbd (n = 31), cca ( ...201121935919
risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in high-risk area of thailand: role of lifestyle, diet and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms.background and aim: cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the most common cancer in northeast thailand. endemicity of opisthorchis viverrini (ov) - a known carcinogen - is responsible, but although infection is very common, the lifetime risk of cca is only 5%. other co-factors must exist, including aspects of lifestyle or diet along with variations in genetic susceptibility to them. change in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (mthfr) activity may influence both dna methylation and synthesis. this study ...201122189445
comparative studies on animal models for opisthorchis viverrini infection: host interaction through susceptibility and pathology.syrian hamsters and gerbils are animal models for opisthorchis viverrini infection. in both models, the parasites develop into adults with different pathologies of the hepatobiliary system. however, no comparative pathological studies have yet been completed. we therefore investigated host interaction through the susceptibility and pathological changes of syrian hamsters and gerbils infected with 50 o. viverrini metacercariae for 30, 60, and 90 days post-infection. animals were sacrificed at eac ...201121881946
Situation Analysis of Risk Factors Related to Non-communicable Diseases in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Khon Kaen Province during January 1 to June 30, 2008. The aims were to assess: (1) the prevalence of risk factors for chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, blood pressure; and (2) health behaviour and health education needs. There were 338 sample subjects aged between 20-60 years, from urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Some 20.4 % of the sample subjects reported that they were unhealthy (10.4% diagnosed with hypertension, 9.8% with dia ...201121875293
Liver fluke-induced hepatic oxysterols stimulate DNA damage and apoptosis in cultured human cholangiocytes.Oxysterols are cholesterol oxidation products that are generated by enzymatic reactions through cytochrome P450 family enzymes or by non-enzymatic reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Oxysterols have been identified in bile in the setting of chronic inflammation, suggesting that biliary epithelial cells are chronically exposed to these compounds in certain clinical settings. We hypothesized that biliary oxysterols resulting from liver fluke infection participate in cholangio ...201122044627
Anti-inflammatory effect of prednisolone on the growth of human liver fluke in experimental opisthorchiasis.Opisthorchis viverrini is one of the risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development and is endemic in Southeast Asia including Thailand. CCA is induced by chronic inflammation from a combination of mechanical damage, parasite secretions, and immunopathology. Chronic infection with O. viverrini has been associated with several hepatobiliary diseases which affect the development of hepatobiliary cancer and CCA. Therefore, reducing the pathogenesis from O. viverrini infection may be one of t ...201122186974
Increased expression of TLR-2, COX-2, and SOD-2 genes in the peripheral blood leukocytes of opisthorchiasis patients induced by Opisthorchis viverrini antigen.Re-infection with liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, increases proinflammatory molecules involved in inflammation-mediated disease and carcinogenesis in an animal model. To clarify whether these genes respond to parasite antigen in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of opisthorchiasis patients, we examined the transcriptional level of oxidant-generating (toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-KB), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)), anti-oxidant-generating (manganese superoxide dis ...201122160279
a review of parasitic zoonoses in a changing southeast asia.parasitic zoonoses are common and widely distributed in the southeast asian region. however, the interactions between parasites, hosts and vectors are influenced by environmental, socio-cultural and livestock production changes that impact on the distribution, prevalence and severity of disease. in this review we provide an update on new knowledge in the context of ongoing changes for the food-borne pig associated zoonoses taenia solium and trichinella spp., the food-borne trematodes opisthorchi ...201121846580
indirect effect of a turmeric diet: enhanced bile duct proliferation in syrian hamsters with a combination of partial obstruction by opisthorchis viverrini infection and inflammation by n-nitrosodimethylamine administration.the present study revealed the indirect effect of a turmeric (tur) diet on the histopathological changes and proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining in syrian hamsters with partial obstruction by liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini) infection and inflammation by n-nitrosodimethylamine (ndma) administration. the result of the analysis of histopathological changes shows that a tur diet has an anti-inflammatory property in the case of a single condition of ndma administration or o. viverrini in ...201120821233
curcumin decreases cholangiocarcinogenesis in hamsters by suppressing inflammation-mediated molecular events related to multistep carcinogenesis.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is a highly metastatic tumor linked to liver fluke infection and consumption of nitrosamine-contaminated foods and is a major health problem especially in south-eastern asia. in search for a suitable chemopreventive agents, we investigated the effect of curcumin, a traditional anti-inflammatory agent derived from turmeric (curcuma longa), on cca development in an animal model by infection with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini and administration of n-nitrosodimethyl ...201120824699
involvement of c-ski oncoprotein in carcinogenesis of cholangiocacinoma induced by opisthorchis viverrini and n-nitrosodimethylamine.opisthorchiasis is the major public health problem in the endemic areas of thailand and laos because opisthorchis viverrini infection causes serious hepatobiliary diseases including cca. the molecular mechanism of the cca carcinogenesis induced by the infection remains obscure. to reveal the potential genes and signaling pathways to involve in the carcinogenesis, the present study investigated the expression of c-ski, an oncogene, and two tgf-β signaling pathway relative genes, tgf-β and smad4, ...201120853076
helminths in human carcinogenesis.this review examines the salient literature on selected helminths involved in carcinogenicity in humans and updates information in an earlier review on cancer and helminths by mayer and fried (2007, advances in parasitology 65, 239-296). the earlier review was concerned with various helminths, i.e., trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes, that are definitely implicated as being carcinogenic. this review examines only those helminths, all of which turn out to be trematodes, that are definitely impli ...201120667649
curcumin induces a nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2-driven response against oxidative and nitrative stress after praziquantel treatment in liver fluke-infected hamsters.praziquantel has been used for the treatment of liver fluke infection, but an oxidative/nitrative stress may occur after a short-term treatment and participate in side effects. in an attempt to reduce the adverse effects, we administered curcumin, an anti-inflammatory agent, to opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters treated with praziquantel. at 12h after treatment, curcumin decreased eosinophil infiltration and increased mononuclear cell infiltration in parallel with nuclear factor-erythroid ...201121256849
a novel serum carbohydrate marker on mucin 5ac: values for diagnostic and prognostic indicators for cholangiocarcinoma.the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is increasing globally. currently, there is no powerful marker for the diagnosis of cca, which has led to late diagnosis and poor patient outcome. this study was designed to establish a new monoclonal antibody (moab) for detecting a serum marker associated with cca.201121287531
infection with the carcinogenic human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.throughout southeast asia there is a strikingly high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (cca--hepatic cancer of the bile duct epithelium), particularly in people from rural settings in laos and northeast thailand who are infected with the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, one of only three carcinogenic eukaryotic pathogens. more ubiquitous carcinogenic microbes, such as helicobacter pylori, induce cancer in less than 1% of infected people, while as many as one-sixth of people with opisthorchiasi ...201121311794
opisthorchis viverrini infection causes liver and biliary cirrhosis in gerbils.opisthorchis viverrini infection causes many hepatobiliary diseases, including cholangiocarcinoma. hence, the study of o. viverrini infection in humans is subject to ethical limitations, so an animal model, the syrian hamster, is often used. o. viverrini can develop into the adult stage not only in syrian hamsters but also in other animals, including gerbils, but until now, there has been no report on pathology and susceptibility in gerbils. the present study revealed the pathology of o. viverri ...201121340565
genetic markers for studies on the systematics and population genetics of snails, bithynia spp., the first intermediate hosts of opisthorchis viverrini in thailand.snails are the critical amplifying hosts of the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, the causative agent of hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma in the mekong area of southeast asia. bithynia funiculata, b. siamensis goniomphalos and b. s. siamensis are the first intermediate hosts of o. viverrini in thailand. morphological similarity between bithynia species and subspecies creates problems for their taxonomic identification and an understanding of bithynia systematics. in this study, mul ...201121352793
candidate genes involving in tumorigenesis of cholangiocarcinoma induced by opisthorchis viverrini infection.opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is one of main public health problems in opisthorchis viverrini endemic areas. although the definite relationship between prevalence of cca and the parasite infection has been demonstrated, the molecular mechanism of tumorigenesis is still unknown. in the present study, by using animal model of opisthorchiasis-associated cca, a kinetic analysis of cdna microarray was performed to screen the candidate genes that involve in the development of opi ...201121380578
helminth and intestinal protozoa infections, multiparasitism and risk factors in champasack province, lao people's democratic republic.detailed investigations of multiparasitism are scarce in the mekong river basin. we assessed helminth (trematode, nematode, and cestode), and intestinal protozoa infections, and multiparasitism in random population samples from three different eco-epidemiological settings in champasack province, southern lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr), and determined underlying risk factors.201121532735
rapid detection of opisthorchis viverrini and strongyloides stercoralis in human fecal samples using a duplex real-time pcr and melting curve analysis.human opisthorchiasis caused by the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini is an endemic disease in southeast asian countries including the lao people's democratic republic, cambodia, vietnam, and thailand. infection with the soil-transmitted roundworm strongyloides stercoralis is an important problem worldwide. in some areas, both parasitic infections are reported as co-infections. a duplex real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) pcr merged with melting curve analysis was developed ...201121537984
rna interference targeting cathepsin b of the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.functional genomics have not been reported for opisthorchis viverrini or the related fish-borne fluke, clonorchis sinensis. here we describe the introduction by square wave electroporation of cy3-labeled small rna into adult o. viverrini worms. adult flukes were subjected to square wave electroporation employing a single pulse for 20ms of 125v in the presence of 50μg/ml of cy3-sirna. the parasites tolerated this manipulation and, at 24 and 48h after electroporation, fluorescence from the cy3-sir ...201121565281
effect of soil surface salt on the density and distribution of the snail bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast thailand.opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with human cholangiocarcinoma and northeast thailand has the highest incidence of this disease in the world. bithynia siamensis goniomphalos is the major freshwater snail intermediate host of o. viverrini in this area and an analysis based on geographical information systems was used to determine the effect of variation in soil surface salt on the density and distribution of this snail. a malacological survey was carried out in 56 water bodies in th ...201121590668
risk factors for gallbladder cancer and cholangiocarcinoma: similarities, differences and updates.introduction: far-ranging variation in the incidence of gallbladder cancer (gbc) and cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in different geographic regions on the globe may reflect the risk factor distribution for these tumors methods: the authors give a comprehensive review on the known risk factors for gbc and cca, and analyze both similarities and differences between the risk factors for the two main types of biliary cancer discussion and conclusion: leading risk factors for gbc include gallstones, female ...201121597894
liver flukes: the malady neglected.liver fluke disease is a chronic parasitic inflammatory disease of the bile ducts. infection occurs through ingestion of fluke-infested, fresh-water raw fish. the most well-known species that cause human infection are clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini and opisthorchis felineus. adult flukes settle in the small intrahepatic bile ducts and then they live there for 20-30 years. the long-lived flukes cause long-lasting chronic inflammation of the bile ducts and this produces epithelial hyp ...201121603286
sequences and gene organization of the mitochondrial genomes of the liver flukes opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis (trematoda).opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis are important trematodes infecting humans and animals, belonging to the family opisthorchiidae. in the present study, we sequenced the nearly complete mitochondrial (mt) dna (mtdna) sequences of o. viverrini from laos, obtained the complete mtdna sequences of c. sinensis from china and korea, and revealed their gene annotations and genome organizations. the mtdna sequences of o. viverrini, c. sinensis (china isolate), c. sinensis (korea isolate) wer ...201121626421
molecular identification of clonorchis sinensis and discrimination with other opisthorchid liver fluke species using multiple ligation-depended probe amplification (mlpa).abstract: background: infections with the opisthorchid liver flukes clonorchis sinensis, opisthorchis viverrini, and o. felineus cause severe health problems globally, particularly in southeast asia. early identification of the infection is essential to provide timely and appropriate chemotherapy to patients. results: in this study we evaluate a pcr-based molecular identification method, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa), which allows rapid and specific detection of single ...201121649899
organization of the nervous system in opisthorchis viverrini investigated by histochemical and immunohistochemical study.the structure and organization of the nervous system has been documented for various helminth parasites. however, the neuroanatomy of the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini has not been described. this study therefore investigated the organization of the nervous system of this fluke using cholinesterase activity, aminergic and peptidergic (fmrfamide-like peptides) immunostaining to tag major neural elements. the nervous system, as detected by acetylcholinesterase (ache) reaction, w ...201121807116
distribution of repetitive dna sequences in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species (trematoda, opisthorchiidae).genomes of opisthorchid species are characterized by small size, suggesting a reduced amount of repetitive dna in their genomes. distribution of repetitive dna sequences in the chromosomes of five species of the family opisthorchiidae (opisthorchis felineus 2n=14 (rivolta, 1884), opisthorchis viverrini 2n=12 (poirier, 1886), metorchis xanthosomus 2n=14 (creplin, 1846), metorchis bilis 2n=14 (braun, 1890), clonorchis sinensis 2n=14 (cobbold, 1875)) was studied with c- and agnor-banding, generatio ...201121791251
light and electron microscopy observations of embryogenesis and egg development in the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini (platyhelminthes, digenea).eggs of most species digenean flukes hatch in the external environment to liberate larvae that seek and penetrate a snail intermediate host. those of the human liver flukes, opisthorchis viverrini, hatch within the gastrointestinal canal of their snail hosts. while adult parasites are primarily responsible for the pathology in cases of human opisthorchiasis, their eggs also contribute by inducing granulomata and in serving as nidi for gallstone formation. in view of the peculiar biology of o. vi ...201121786067
a novel carbohydrate antigen expression during development of opisthorchis viverrini- associated cholangiocarcinoma in golden hamster: a potential marker for early diagnosis.poor prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is primarily due to delayed diagnosis because of the lack of appropriate tumor marker(s) to detect cancer development at an early stage. we have recently established a s121 monoclonal antibody (mab) which recognizes an unidentified glycan epitope on muc5ac, designated as cca-associated carbohydrate antigen (cca-ca). this antigen is expressed in human cca cells but not in normal biliary epithelia. detection of cca-ca effectively distinguished cca patient ...201121784171
cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel opisthorchis viverrini calcium-binding ef-hand protein.a novel 22.8kda of opisthorchis viverrini (ov) calcium-binding ef-hand protein (ov cabp) was identified and isolated from an immunoscreening of the adult stage ov cdna library by using a human cholangiocarcinoma (cca) serum. this protein was related to other calcium-binding proteins and conserved among the trematodes. ov cabp shared 98% amino acid identity to 22.8kda of clonorchis sinensis cabp and both were classified as a new group of cabp ef-hand protein by multiple sequence alignment and phy ...201121782972
secreted opisthorchis viverrini glutathione s-transferase regulates cell proliferation through akt and erk pathways in cholangiocarcinoma.opisthorchis viverrini can develop mitogenic substances into the excretory/secretory product (esp) that may play an important role in promoting the genesis of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). in the present study, glutathione s-transferase (gst) is identified as being secreted into ov-esp and acting as one of the parasitic mitogens. its proliferative effect and possible mechanism were explored and its association with the tumor development is proposed. ov-esp was concentrated and purified by gel filtra ...201121782971
overexpression of pdgfa and its receptor during carcinogenesis of opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is a crucial health problem in northeastern part of thailand, which is caused by a combination of opisthorchis viverrini infection and nitrosamine. a better understanding of its molecular mechanism is an important step to discover and develop the new diagnostics and therapies for cca. to reveal the involvement of potential genes in the development of cca, the present study investigated the expression kinetics of platelet-derived growth factor alpha (pdgfa) and its recept ...201121777692
ultrasonography assessment of hepatobiliary abnormalities in 3359 subjects with opisthorchis viverrini infection in endemic areas of thailand.a cross sectional study on hepatobiliary abnormalities in opisthorchiasis was performed in 8936 males and females aged from 20 to 60years from 90 villages of khon kaen province, northeast thailand. all were stool-examined for opisthorchis viverrini infection by standard quantitative formalin/ethyl acetate concentration technique. of these, 3359 participants with stool egg positive underwent ultrasonography of the upper abdomen. the hepatobiliary abnormalities detected by ultrasound are described ...201121771664
opisthorchis viverrini-antigen induces expression of marcks during inflammation-associated cholangiocarcinogenesis.myristoylated alanine rich c kinase substrate (marcks) has been implicated in pkc-mediated membrane-cytoskeleton alterations that underlie lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced macrophage responses. marcks is postulated to be involved in inflammation-associated cca based on its overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma (cca) and inflammatory cells. the aims of this study were to investigate localization patterns of marcks in hamster and human tissue during cholangiocarcinogenesis and to examine the involv ...201121763456
expression of oxysterol binding protein isoforms in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma: a potential molecular marker for tumor metastasis.oxysterols are oxygenated derivatives of cholesterol generated by enzymatic reactions mediated by cytochrome p450 family enzymes or by inflammation-associated non-enzymatic reactions. oxysterol binding proteins (osbps) are cytosolic high affinity receptors for oxysterols. we previously found that osbpl-8 is upregulated in liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini)-induced hamster cholangiocarcinoma (cca). our aims were to determine the expression patterns of osbp isoforms in human cca tissues and to e ...201121763455
adult opisthorchis viverrini flukes in humans, takeo, cambodia.to the editor: opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis, the 2 major species of small liver flukes (family opisthorchiidae), cause chronic inflammation in the bile duct, which leads to cholangitis and cirrhosis of the liver, and are a predisposing factor for cholangiocarcinoma (1). human infections with o. viverrini flukes are found along riverside areas of indochina (thailand, lao people's democratic republic [pdr], and vietnam) (2).201121762595
genome size estimation of liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini by real-time polymerase chain reaction based method.the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, has been categorized as a class one carcinogenic organism according to its strong association with cholangiocarcinoma, bile duct cancer which has high incidence in the northeast of thailand. the lack of genome database of this parasite limited the studies aimed to understand the basic molecular biology of this carcinogenic liver fluke. the determination of the genome size is an initial step prior to the full genome sequencing. in this study, we appl ...201121757028
expression, refolding and purification of ov-grn-1, a granulin-like growth factor from the carcinogenic liver fluke, that causes proliferation of mammalian host cells.granulins (grns) are potent growth factors that are upregulated in many aggressive cancers from a wide range of organs. grns form tight, disulphide bonded, beta hairpin stacks, making them difficult to express in recombinant form. we recently described ov-grn-1, a grn family member secreted by the carcinogenic liver fluke of humans, opisthorchis viverrini, and showed that recombinant ov-grn-1 expressed and refolded from escherichia coli caused proliferation of mammalian cell lines at nanomolar c ...201121757010
hepatic cytochrome p450 2a6 and 2e1 status in peri-tumor tissues of patients with opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma.endogenous nitrosation due to chronic inflammation is enhanced in opisthorchiasis and plays a crucial role in the development of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). hepatic cytochrome p450 (cyp) family enzymes, especially cyp2a6 and cyp2e1, are involved in the metabolism of procarcinogens; these two enzymes metabolize endogenous nitrosamines to carcinogenic n-dimethylnitrosamine (ndma). cyp2a6 activity is increased in patients infected with opisthorchis viverrini. our aim was to determine whether the expr ...201121745589
high prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in reservoir hosts in four districts of khon kaen province, an opisthorchiasis endemic area of thailand.khon kaen, a northeastern province of thailand, has been considered as one of the human opisthorchiasis endemic areas with continuing high prevalence. unsuccessful eradication of the disease is probably from the culture of eating raw and undercooked fish of local residence and the parasitic persistency in animal reservoir hosts, such as cats and dogs. in cooperation with the other human opisthorchiasis control programs in an endemic area of 29 villages in ban haet, ban phai, chonnabot and muncha ...201121843654
evaluation of liver fluke recombinant cathepsin b-1 protease as a serodiagnostic antigen for human opisthorchiasis.a cathepsin b-like cysteine protease belonging to family c1 is abundantly expressed in the transcriptome and proteome of the carcinogenic liver fluke of humans, opisthorchis viverrini. this enzyme is present in excretory/secretory (es) products released by parasites cultured in vitro. this study evaluated the performance of recombinant o. viverrini cathepsin b1 (rov-cb-1) as an antigen for immunodiagnosis of opisthorchiasis. the full length ov-cb-1 cdna was cloned and recombinant protein was pro ...201121704728
molecular expression and enzymatic characterization of thioredoxin from the carcinogenic human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini.the human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, induces inflammation of the hepatobiliary system. despite being constantly exposed to inimical oxygen radicals released from inflammatory cells, the parasite survives for years. defense against oxidative damage can be mediated through glutathione and/or thioredoxin utilizing systems. here, we report the molecular expression and biochemical characterization of a thioredoxin (trx) from o. viverrini. o. viverrini trx cdna encoded a polypeptide of 105 a ...201121740981
the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini expresses nitric oxide synthase but not gelatinases.host-parasite interaction during infection with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini plays an important role in opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma via nitric oxide (no) production. host cells induce nitric oxide synthase (nos)-dependent dna damage and secrete ras-related c3 botulinum toxin substrate (rac)1, heme oxygenase (ho)-1, and gelatinases (matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)2 and mmp9). we evaluated whether these enzymes are expressed in o. viverrini. colocalization of nos and rac ...201121718800
the systematics and population genetics of opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato: implications in parasite epidemiology and bile duct cancer.together with host and environmental factors, the systematics and population genetic variation of opisthorchis viverrini may contribute to recorded local and regional differences in epidemiology and host morbidity in opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma (cca). in this review, we address recent findings that o. viverrini comprises a species complex with varying degrees of population genetic variation which are associated with specific river wetland systems within thailand as well as the lao pdr ...201121821147
telomeric dna in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species.the analysis of telomere repeat distribution in chromosomes of five opisthorchid species (opisthorchis felineus (rivolta, 1884), opisthorchis viverrini (poirier, 1886), metorchis xanthosomus (creplin, 1846), metorchis bilis (braun, 1890), clonorchis sinensis (cobbold, 1875)) was performed with fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) of labeled (ttaggg)n dna-probe and pna telomere probe on mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of these species. it was shown that chromosome telomeres of all studied spe ...201121708281
inflammatory response to liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini in mice depends on host master coregulator mta1, a marker for parasite-induced cholangiocarcinoma in humans.based on the recently established role for the master coregulator mta1 and mta1-containing nuclear remodeling complexes in oncogenesis and inflammation, we explored the links between parasitism by the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini and this coregulator using both an mta1(-/-) mouse model of infection and a tissue microarray of liver fluke-induced human cholangiocarcinomas (ccas). intense foci of inflammation and periductal fibrosis in the liver and kidneys of wild-type mta1(+/+) ...201121725997
families opisthorchiidae and heterophyidae: are they distinct?superfamily opisthorchioidea looss, 1899 consists of three well-known families, opisthorchiidae, heterophyidae, and cryptogonimidae, with basic similarities in morphology and life-cycles. many species in the first two of these families are human pathogens, such as opisthorchis viverrini, o. felineus, clonorchis sinensis, haplorchis spp. and metagonimus spp. recently, a molecular phylogenetic study on the classification of digenea revealed a paraphyletic relationship between opisthorchiidae and h ...201121740979
oxidative and nitrative dna damage: key events in opisthorchiasis-induced carcinogenesis.chronic inflammation induced by liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini) infection is the major risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in northeastern thailand. increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor kappa b that control cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide activities, disturb the homeostasis of oxidants/anti-oxidants and dna repair enzymes, all of which appear to be involved in o. viverrini-associated inflammatory processes and cca. consequently oxidative and nitr ...201121704729
specific serum igg, but not iga, antibody against purified opisthorchis viverrini antigen associated with hepatobiliary disease and cholangiocarcinoma.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini infection induces hepatobiliary disease (hbd)-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca) via a chronic inflammatory immune response. here, we evaluated specific igg and iga antibodies against different fractions of o. viverrini antigen in residents from an endemic community in northeast thailand with varying hepatobiliary abnormalities. crude somatic o. viverrini antigen was purified into three fractions (viz., p1, p2 and p3) by gel infiltration chromato ...201121718798
the ecology of the bithynia first intermediate hosts of opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchiasis, together with its associated cholangiocarcinoma, is one of the most important human parasitic diseases on continental southeast asia. a great deal of epidemiological data from humans is available on this disease, particularly from the northeast of thailand, however, only limited information is available on those aspects of the life cycle relating to its bithynia (gastropoda) and cyprinid fish intermediate hosts. here we review the information which is available on the bithynia h ...201121821148
discovery of opisthorchis lobatus (trematoda: opisthorchiidae): new recorded species of small liver flukes in the greater mekong sub-region.abstract metacercariae, morphologically similar to those of small liver flukes, were found to parasitize red-tailed snakehead fish, channa limbata, collected from the city of vientiane, lao pdr. adult worms that were recovered from experimentally-infected hamsters showed characteristics distinctly different from opisthorchis viverrini but closely similar to opisthorchis lobatus, which was first reported in poultry (anas sp.) from pakistan. the present study aimed to redescribe o. lobatus based o ...201121682557
echinostoma ilocanum infection in oddar meanchey province, cambodia.fecal examinations using the kato katz technique were performed on a total of 1,287 villagers (945 students and 342 general inhabitants) of oddar meanchey province, cambodia in may 2007 and november 2009. the overall intestinal helminth egg positive rate was 23.9%, and the most prevalent helminth species was hookworms (21.6%). other helminth eggs detected included echinostomes (1.0%), enterobius vermicularis (0.8%), small trematode eggs (0.7%), which may include opisthorchis viverrini and haplor ...201121738278
development of a taqman based real-time pcr assay for detection of clonorchis sinensis dna in human stool samples and fishes.clonorchiasis caused by the oriental liver fluke clonorchis sinensis is a fish-borne zoonosis endemic in a number of countries. this article describes the development of a taqman based real-time pcr assay for detection of c. sinensis dna in human feces and in fishes. primers targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (its-1) sequence of the fluke were highly specific for c. sinensis, as evidenced by the negative amplification of closely related trematodes in the test with the exception of o ...201121729765
Raw attitudes, wetland cultures, life-cycles: Socio-cultural dynamics relating to Opisthorchis viverrini in the Mekong Basin.Opisthorchis viverrini is one of the most common and medically important food-borne parasites in the Lower Mekong area of Southeast Asia. As we learn more about its ecology, pathology and epidemiology we see the need to consider more deeply the socio-cultural dynamics with which food-borne species complexes are associated. This paper argues that the Mekong region is characterized by strong livelihoods and life-style associations within wetland ecosystems, which are inseparable from human eating ...201121712097
Diagnostic values of parasite-specific antibody detections in saliva and urine in comparison with serum in opisthorchiasis.Infection by the liver fluke (Opisthorchis viverrini) causes hepatobiliary disease and bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, CCA) in endemic areas in Southeast Asia. Measurements of humoral immune response particularly parasite-specific antibodies are useful not only for serodiagnosis but they have been implicated as risk factors of CCA. In this study, we used indirect Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to measure O. viverrini-specific immunoglobulins in serum, urine and saliva and assessed effi ...201121704727
progress on the transcriptomics of carcinogenic liver flukes of humans--unique biological and biotechnological prospects.liver flukes, such as clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini, are food-borne parasites that have a major impact on the health of humans and animals, particularly in asia. however, the impact of c. sinensis and o. viverrini, in particular, is exacerbated in that these parasites can induce a malignant, untreatable cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, cca) in chronically infected people. as a result, these flukes are classified as group 1 carcinogens. despite their substantial socio-economic importa ...201020673796
update on the diagnosis and treatment of food-borne trematode infections.more than 40 million people are affected by food-borne trematode infections. diagnosis is unsatisfactory and there are only two drugs available for treatment and control: praziquantel and triclabendazole. this review provides an update on recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of food-borne trematodiases.201020683264
copro-dna diagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini and haplorchis taichui infection in an endemic area of lao pdr.the utility of differential copro-dna diagnosis using modified sample preparation steps of small liver and minute intestinal fluke infections was tested. fecal samples containing parasite eggs were washed extensively with diluted detergent solution. parasite eggs were concentrated by sedimentation and broken by microwaving before dna extraction. pcr targeting its1 and its2 regions were performed using primer specific for opisthorchis viverrini, haplorchis taichui and other related species. of 12 ...201020578479
prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in the canine and feline hosts in three villages, khon kaen province, northeastern thailand.to determine the current reservoir status and prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini infection in endemic areas, 78 dogs and 22 cats were sampled for fecal examination in 3 villages along the chi river in khon kaen province, northeastern thailand. sex, age, color, identifiable markings, subjective body condition scores (bcs) and diet were recorded and analyzed. fecal samples were evaluated using direct smear and modified formalin-ethyl acetate fecal assays. all parasites found were identified. in ...201020578480
unlocking the transcriptomes of two carcinogenic parasites, clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini.the two parasitic trematodes, clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini, have a major impact on the health of tens of millions of humans throughout asia. the greatest impact is through the malignant cancer ( = cholangiocarcinoma) that these parasites induce in chronically infected people. therefore, both c. sinensis and o. viverrini have been classified by the world health organization (who) as group 1 carcinogens. despite their impact, little is known about these parasites and their interp ...201020582164
food-borne trematodiases in southeast asia epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestation and control.the food-borne trematodiases are an important group of neglected tropical diseases (ntds). over 40 million people are infected with food-borne trematodes and 750 million (>10% of the world's population) are at risk of these ntds. here, we review the life cycles, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention and control of the major food-borne trematodiases in southeast asia. we focus particularly on opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis ...201020624536
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