Publications

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[effect of strengthening solar ultraviolet b band irradiation on oat (avena sativa l. ) yield and its components in qing tibetan plateau].stratospheric ozone depletion occurs mainly over polar regions during the spring when the solar ultraviolet b-band (280-315 nm, uv-b) radiation is most intense in a year, but over the qing tibetan plateau region, the highest intensity is from june to september when the amount of uv-b radiation reaching the regions is more than that in the adjacent areas lying in the same latitude by 10%. from june to september is just the time of plant's germination, development, and reproduction in the alpine r ...200919839346
angiotensin-i converting enzyme inhibitory activity of hydrolysates from oat (avena sativa) proteins by in silico and in vitro analyses.the potential for producing antihypertensive peptides from oat proteins through enzymatic hydrolysis was assessed in silico and confirmed in vitro. thermolysin (ec 3.4.24.27) was predicted using biopep database as the enzyme that would theoretically produce the most angiotensin i converting enzyme (ace) inhibitory peptides from oat. experimental evidence confirmed that strong ace-inhibitory activity was produced under various hydrolysis conditions. hydrolysates produced under high enzyme-to-subs ...200919731915
addition of individual chromosomes of maize inbreds b73 and mo17 to oat cultivars starter and sun ii: maize chromosome retention, transmission, and plant phenotype.oat-maize addition (oma) lines with one, or occasionally more, chromosomes of maize (zea mays l., 2n = 2x = 20) added to an oat (avena sativa l., 2n = 6x = 42) genomic background can be produced via embryo rescue from sexual crosses of oat x maize. self-fertile disomic addition lines of different oat genotypes, mainly cultivar starter, as recipient for maize chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and the short arm of 10 and a monosomic addition line for chromosome 8, have been reported previously i ...200919707741
nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil carbon balances in midwestern u.s. agricultural systems.a single ecosystem dominates the midwestern united states, occupying 26 million hectares in five states alone: the corn-soybean agroecosystem [zea mays l.-glycine max (l.) merr.]. nitrogen (n) fertilization could influence the soil carbon (c) balance in this system because the corn phase is fertilized in 97-100% of farms, at an average rate of 135 kg n x ha(-1) x yr(-1). we evaluated the impacts on two major processes that determine the soil c balance, the rates of organic-carbon (oc) inputs and ...200919688919
[effects of enhanced solar uv-b radiation on the effective photosynthetic leaf area and milking phase of oat under natural field condition in qing tibetan plateau].stratospheric ozone depletion occurs mainly over polar regions during the spring when the solar ultraviolet b-band (280-315 nm, uv-b) radiation is most intense in a year, but over the qing tibetan plateau region, the intensity is highest from june to september when the amount of uv-b radiation reaching the regions is more than that in the adjacent areas lying in the same latitude by 10%. from june to september is just the time of plant's germination, development, and reproduction in the alpine r ...200919650494
conformational heterogeneity and propagation of structural changes in the lov2/jalpha domain from avena sativa phototropin 1 as recorded by temperature-dependent ftir spectroscopy.phototropins control phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf expansion in plants. phototropin 1 (phot1) is composed of a kinase domain linked to two blue light-sensing domains, lov2 and lov1, which bind flavin mononucleotide. disruption of the interaction between the lov2 domain and a helical segment named jalpha, joining lov to the kinase domain, induces the subsequent kinase activity of phototropin 1 and further-downstream signal transduction. here we study the effects o ...200919580761
primary reactions of the lov2 domain of phototropin studied with ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry.phototropins, major blue-light receptors in plants, are sensitive to blue light through a pair of flavin mononucleotide (fmn)-binding light oxygen and voltage (lov) domains, lov1 and lov2. lov2 undergoes a photocycle involving light-driven covalent adduct formation between a conserved cysteine and the fmn c(4a) atom. here, the primary reactions of avena sativa phototropin 1 lov2 (aslov2) were studied using ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. the singlet excited state (s1) ...200919580760
changes in cadmium mobility during composting and after soil application.the effect of twelve weeks of composting on the mobility and bioavailability of cadmium in six composts containing sewage sludge, wood chips and grass was studied, along with the cadmium immobilization capacity of compost. two different soils were used and cd accumulation measured in above-ground oat biomass (avena sativa l.). increasing ph appears to be an important cause of the observed decreases in available cadmium through the composting process. a pot experiment was performed with two diffe ...200919398321
phytotoxic activity of salvia x jamensis.a study has been carried out on the surface exudate of salvia x jamensis, which showed a significant phytotoxic activity against papaver rhoeas l. and avena sativa l.. bioguided separation of the exudate yielded active fractions from which 3 beta-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (1), hautriwaic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), 7,8 beta-dihydrosalviacoccin (4), isopimaric acid (5), 14 alpha-hydroxy-isopimaric acid (7), 15,16-epoxy-7 alpha, 10 beta-dihydroxy-clerod-3,13(16),14-trien-17,12;18,19-diolide (8), c ...200920120094
effects of vegetable oil residue after soil extraction on physical-chemical properties of sandy soil and plant growth.vegetable oil has the ability to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) from contaminated sandy soil for a remediation purpose, with some of the oil remaining in the soil. although most of the pahs were removed, the risk of residue oil in the soil was not known. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the vegetable oil residue on higher plant growth and sandy soil properties after soil extraction for a better understanding of the soil remediation. addition of sunflowe ...200819209632
perturbation of the ground-state electronic structure of fmn by the conserved cysteine in phototropin lov2 domains.in lov2, the blue-light sensitive domain of phototropin, the primary photophysical event involves intersystem crossing (isc) from the singlet-excited state to the triplet state. the isc rate is enhanced in lov2 as compared to flavin mononucleotide (fmn) in solution, which likely results from a heavy-atom effect of a nearby conserved cysteine, c450. here, we applied fluorescence line narrowing (fln), resonance raman (rr) and fourier-transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy to investigate the electr ...200818989482
analysis of oil composition in cultivars and wild species of oat (avena sp.).oil quality and content were analyzed in 33 accessions from 13 wild species and 10 accessions of cultivated oat. wild oat species tended to have higher oil and 18:1 fatty acid (fa) contents and lower amounts of 18:2 and 18:3 fas as compared to cultivated oats. in addition to common fas, minor amounts of several hydroxy and epoxy fas were also present in the oat oil and mainly confined to specific lipid classes. these unusual fas included the previously reported 15-hydroxy 18:2 (delta9,12) (aveno ...200818707115
the first doubled haploid linkage map for cultivated oat.to date, all linkage maps of hexaploid oat (avena sativa l.) have been constructed using recombinant inbred lines (rils). doubled haploids (dhs), however, have the advantage over rils of their comprehensive homozygosity. dhs have been used for mapping in several cereal species, but in oats the production of large dh populations has only recently become an option. a linkage map of hexaploid oat was constructed using an anther culture-derived dh population (137 individuals) from the f1 individuals ...200818650946
selecting and evaluating native plants for region-specific phytotoxicity testing.in this study, we evaluated methodology to determine risks to terrestrial native plant species from potential herbecide drift, focusing on 1) selection of native species for testing, 2) growth of these species, and 3) variability in herbicide response among native species and compared with crop plants. native plant species were selected for initial testing on the basis of spatial analysis, which indicated that species from illinois, usa, were at potential risk for off-target effects of herbicide ...200817973566
evaluating wastewater-induced plant genotoxicity using randomly amplified polymorphic dna.wastewater often contains genotoxic substances that can resist different stages of the treatment process. in the present study, randomly amplified polymorphic dna technology was applied to evaluate the genotoxic effects of wastewater (treated and raw) irrigation on oat plants (avena sativa). rapd profiles obtained showed that both treated and raw wastewater (rww) were having genotoxic effects on oat plants. this was apparent by the appearance/disappearance of bands in the treatments compared wit ...200818214923
discrete developmental roles for temperate cereal grass vernalization1/fruitfull-like genes in flowering competency and the transition to flowering.members of the grass subfamily pooideae are characterized by their adaptation to cool temperate climates. vernalization is the process whereby flowering is accelerated in response to a prolonged period of cold. winter cereals are tolerant of low temperatures and flower earlier with vernalization, whereas spring cultivars are intolerant of low temperatures and flower later with vernalization. in the pooid grasses wheat (triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare), vernali ...200818024551
a conserved glutamine plays a central role in lov domain signal transmission and its duration.light is a key stimulus for plant biological functions, several of which are controlled by light-activated kinases known as phototropins, a group of kinases that contain two light-sensing domains (lov, light-oxygen-voltage domains) and a c-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain. the second sensory domain, lov2, plays a key role in regulating kinase enzymatic activity via the photochemical formation of a covalent adduct between a lov2 cysteine residue and an internally bound flavin mononucleotid ...200819063612
carbon partitioning between oil and carbohydrates in developing oat (avena sativa l.) seeds.cereals accumulate starch in the endosperm as their major energy reserve in the grain. in most cereals the embryo, scutellum, and aleurone layer are high in oil, but these tissues constitute a very small part of the total seed weight. however, in oat (avena sativa l.) most of the oil in kernels is deposited in the same endosperm cells that accumulate starch. thus oat endosperm is a desirable model system to study the metabolic switches responsible for carbon partitioning between oil and starch s ...200819036843
genetic diversity among oat varieties of worldwide origin and associations of aflp markers with quantitative traits.one hundred and fourteen oat (avena sativa l.) varieties of worldwide origin were evaluated for genetic diversity based on 77 molecular polymorphisms produced by eight selective aflp primer combinations. genetic similarity, calculated using the dice coefficient, was used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis was applied. in addition population structure was explored to identify discrete subpopulations based on allele frequency. although clustering and population structure showed ...200818633590
yield of four agaricus bisporus strains in three compost formulations and chemical composition analyses of the mushrooms.three compost formulations, consisting of two varieties of cynodom dactylon (l.) pers. (coast-cross and tyfton) and oat (avena sativa) straw were tested for the cultivation of a. bisporus strains abi-01/01, abi-04/02, abi-05/03, and abi-06/04. a completely randomized experimental design in a factorial scheme was adopted, with 12 treatments (4 a. bisporus strains × 3 types of compost) and 8 replicates. each experimental unit corresponded to one box containing 12 - 12.5 kg fresh wet compost. the d ...200824031271
can artificial soil be used in the vegetative vigor test for u.s. pesticide registration?current testing guidelines for pesticide registration for the protection of nontarget plants calls for the use of sterilized, standardized soil consisting of primarily sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy clay, or clay loam that contains up to 3% organic matter. low organic matter soils can be difficult to manage in a greenhouse setting because when soils dry, they contract, causing impeded water infiltration, or when overwatered, poor drainage increases the chances of anaerobic conditions. the purpose ...200818563958
fusion of oil bodies in endosperm of oat grains.few microscopical studies have been made on lipid storage in oat grains, with variable results as to the extent of lipid accumulation in the starchy endosperm. grains of medium- and high-lipid oat (avena sativa l.) were studied at two developmental stages and at maturity, by light microscopy using different staining methods, and by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. discrete oil bodies occurred in the aleurone layer, scutellum and embryo. in contrast, oil bodies in the starchy endosp ...200818563438
bioavailability of chemical pollutants in contaminated soils and pitfalls of chemical analyses in hazard assessment.decision-making for remediation of industrial wastelands are still based on the concentrations of pollutants of concern measured in soils. in this work, two soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and metals were investigated for their toxicity on earthworms (eisenia fetida), collembolae (folsomia candida), and higher plants (brassica chinensis, lactucca sativa and avena sativa) in order to study the relationships between chemical contamination and biological effects. although ...200818561306
development of pcr-based scar and caps markers linked to beta-glucan and protein content qtl regions in oat.a key breeding objective in oat (avena sativa l.) is cultivars with high and low beta-glucan content. in a targeted strategy to develop pcr-based markers linked to published beta-glucan content quantitative trait loci (qtls) regions, 15 random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fragments were cloned and their sequences used to design sequence-characterized amplified region (scar) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (caps) primers. the 13 derived scar markers and 2 derived caps markers were ...200818521120
biological testing of a digested sewage sludge and derived composts.aiming to evaluate a possible loss of soil habitat function after amendment with organic wastes, a digested sewage sludge and derived composts produced with green residues, where biologically tested in the laboratory using soil animals (eisenia andrei and folsomia candida) and plants (brassica rapa and avena sativa). each waste was tested mimicking a field application of 6ton/ha or 12ton/ha. avoidance tests did not reveal any impact of sludge and composts to soil biota. germination and growth te ...200818413285
line-scanning microscopy for time-gated and spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging.laser-scanning fluorescence microscopy for efficient acquisition of time-gated and spectrally resolved fluorescence images was developed based on line illumination of the laser beam and detection of the fluorescence image through a slit. in this optical arrangement, the fluorescence image was obtained by scanning only one axis perpendicular to the excitation line, and the acquisition time was significantly reduced compared with conventional laser-scanning confocal microscopy. a multidimensional ...200819669492
reproduction and feeding behavior of myzus persicae on four cereals.green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), does not overwinter outdoors in minnesota; it arrives each spring on low-level jet streams from the south. after arrival, anholocylic reproduction occurs on numerous herbaceous species, including many common weeds, before movement to potato, solanum tuberosum l. in investigating aphid feeding behavior on barrier crops, we observed winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., colonized by green peach aphid. the northern great plains grows 94,000 ha of potatoes a ...200818330110
qualitative and quantitative trait loci conditioning resistance to puccinia coronata pathotypes nqmg and lgcg in the oat (avena sativa l.) cultivars ogle and tam o-301.mapping disease resistance loci relies on the type and precision of phenotypic measurements. for crown rust of oat, disease severity is commonly assessed based on visual ratings of infection types (it) and/or diseased leaf area (dla) of infected plants in the greenhouse or field. these data can be affected by several variables including; (i) non-uniform disease development in the field; (ii) atypical symptom development in the greenhouse; (iii) the presence of multiple pathogenic races or pathot ...200818193188
phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit.the phytotoxicity of the three major monoterpene constituents of the essential oil from leaves of artemisia scoparia waldst. & kit. (redstem wormwood) was investigated. gc/gc-ms analysis revealed that the essential oil (yield 0.84%) is a complex mixture containing 19 monoterpenes, 7 sesquiterpenes and 15 other compounds--aliphatic alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and esters. the three major monoterpenes were beta-myrcene (30.2%), p-cymene (12.8%) and dl-limonene (12.4%). the essential oi ...200819040104
effects of a killed-cover crop mulching system on sweetpotato production, soil pests, and insect predators in south carolina.sweetpotatoes, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. (convolvulaceae), are typically grown on bare soil where weeds and erosion can be serious problems. conservation tillage systems using cover crop residues as mulch can help reduce these problems, but little is known about how conservation tillage affects yield and quality of sweetpotato or how these systems impact populations of beneficial and pest insects. therefore, field experiments were conducted at the u.s. vegetable laboratory, charleston, sc, in 20 ...200819133469
effects of diet on population growth of psocids lepinotus reticulatus and liposcelis entomophila.we investigated the suitability of 11 diets as culture media for the psocids lepinotus reticulatus enderlein (psocoptera: trogiidae) and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae). the culture media comprised six diets made of plain cereals, namely, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), corn (zea mays l.), milo sorghum bicolor (l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), and five artificial diets. we found that, with the exception of corn, l ...200818459431
light-activated dna binding in a designed allosteric protein.an understanding of how allostery, the conformational coupling of distant functional sites, arises in highly evolvable systems is of considerable interest in areas ranging from cell biology to protein design and signaling networks. we reasoned that the rigidity and defined geometry of an alpha-helical domain linker would make it effective as a conduit for allosteric signals. to test this idea, we rationally designed 12 fusions between the naturally photoactive lov2 domain from avena sativa photo ...200818667691
in vitro and in vivo inhibition of plant polyamine oxidase activity by polyamine analogues.polyamine oxidase from avena sativa l. cv. cristal seedlings was purified to homogeneity using a simple four-step purification protocol including an infiltration washing technique. the enzyme had a high affinity for spermidine and spermine (k(m) approximately 5.5 and 1.2 microm, respectively), and also oxidized norspermidine (k(m) approximately 64.0 microm). natural and synthetic diamines, cyclohexylamine, the putrescine analogue 1-aminooxy-3-aminopropane, and several polyamine analogues had inh ...200818783804
oat: unique among the cereals.this review is intended to focus on the composition of oat and its therapeutic potential in the pharmacology that supports its use to cure various maladies. oat (avena sativa) is distinct among the cereals due to its multifunctional characteristics and nutritional profile. recent advancement in food and nutrition has revealed the importance of its various components. it is a good source of dietary fiber especially beta-glucan, minerals and other nutrients. oat and oat by products have been prove ...200818301937
cenl1 expression in the rib meristem affects stem elongation and the transition to dormancy in populus.we investigated the short day (sd)-induced transition to dormancy in wild-type hybrid poplar (populus tremula x p. tremuloides) and its absence in transgenic poplar overexpressing heterologous phytochrome a (phya). centroradialis-like1 (cenl1), a poplar ortholog of arabidopsis thaliana terminal flower1 (tfl1), was markedly downregulated in the wild-type apex coincident with sd-induced growth cessation. by contrast, poplar overexpressing a heterologous avena sativa phya construct (p35s:asphya), w ...200818192437
radiation hybrid (rh) and happy mapping in plants.radiation hybrid (rh) and happy mapping are two technologies used in animal systems that have attracted the attention of the plant genetics community because they bridge the resolution gap between meiotic and bac-based physical mapping that would facilitate the analysis of plant species lacking substantial genomics resources. research has shown that the essence of these approaches can be applied and that a variety of strategies can be used to produce mapping panels. mapping panels composed of li ...200818504352
a randomized controlled trial of homeopathic treatment of weaned piglets in a commercial swine herd.to evaluate the zootechnic performance and occurrence of diarrhea in piglets in the week post-weaning comparing supplementation with sucrose saline which contained or did not contain added homeopathic medicine.200819371569
agrobacterium-mediated transformation of oat (avena sativa l.) cultivars via immature embryo and leaf explants.this paper reports on the successful agrobacterium-mediated transformation of oat, and on some factors influencing this process. in the first step of the experiments, three cultivars, two types of explant, and three combinations of strain/vectors, which were successfully used for transformation of other cereals were tested. transgenic plants were obtained from the immature embryos of cvs. bajka, slawko and akt and from leaf base explants of cv. bajka after transformation with a. thumefaciens str ...200818690445
naked oats: metabolisable energy yield from a range of varieties in broilers, cockerels and turkeys.1. naked oats belong to the same species as 'common oats', avena sativa, but have a non-lignified husk which readily becomes detached during harvesting. the absence of the indigestible husk can be predicted to give an increased metabolisable energy (me) content for poultry. 2. measurements of true metabolisable energy (tme(n)) were performed on 3-week-old broiler chicks (cobb males), adult cockerels (isa brown, greater than one year old) and 7-week-old turkeys (but t8 males). the measurements we ...200818568762
phytoremediation of oil-sludge-contaminated soil.the aim of this research was to select plant species that could be effective in the phytoremediation ofa former oil-sludge pit. seven crop plants (triticum aestivum l., secale cereale l., avena sativa l., hordeum vulgare, sorghum bicolor l moench, panicum miliaceum l, and zea mays l.),five wild grasses (lolium perenne l., bromopsis inermis, agropyron cristatum l., agropyrum tenerum l., and festuca pratensis huds.), and three legumes (medicago sativa l., trifolium pratense l., and onobrychis anta ...200819260228
mapping and comparative analysis of qtl for crown rust resistance in an italian x perennial ryegrass population.abstract crown rust (puccinia coronata f. sp. lolli) is a serious fungal foliar disease of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and italian ryegrass (l. multiflorum lam.), which are important forage and turf species. a number of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for crown rust resistance previously were identified in perennial ryegrass under growth chamber or greenhouse conditions. in this study, we conducted a qtl mapping for crown rust resistance in a three-generation italian x perennial ryegras ...200718943608
thioredoxin h5 is required for victorin sensitivity mediated by a cc-nbs-lrr gene in arabidopsis.the fungus cochliobolus victoriae causes victoria blight of oats (avena sativa) and is pathogenic due to its production of victorin, which induces programmed cell death in sensitive plants. victorin sensitivity has been identified in arabidopsis thaliana and is conferred by the dominant gene locus orchestrating victorin effects1 (lov1), which encodes a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein. we isolated 63 victorin-insensitive mutants, including 59 lov1 mutants and four ...200717322408
steric interactions stabilize the signaling state of the lov2 domain of phototropin 1.phototropins (phot1 and phot2) are blue light receptor kinases that control a range of photoresponses that serve to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. light sensing by the phototropins is mediated by a repeated motif at the n-terminal region of the protein known as the lov domain. bacterially expressed lov domains bind flavin mononucleotide noncovalently and are photochemically active in solution. irradiation of the lov domain results in the formation of a flavin-cysteinyl adduct ...200717658895
vegetable and animal food sorts found in the gastric content of sardinian wild boar (sus scrofa meridionalis).authors report results emerging from gastric content analysis from n. 96 wild boars hunted in sardinia isle, during the hunting tide (2001-2005), from november to january. mean ph of the gastric content was 3.77 +/- 0.69. mean total capacity (tc) of each stomach was 1702 +/- 680 g. mean stuff ratio (cw/tc) between the content weight (cw) and stomachs tc was 0.45. food categories found in animal stomachs were: 19 categories of vegetal species (allium spp., arbutus unedo, arisarum vulgare, avena f ...200717516948
genetic structure in natural populations of barley/cereal yellow dwarf virus isolates from alaska.the genetic structure of natural populations of alaskan barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)-pav, bydv-pas, and cereal yellow dwarf virus (cydv)-rpv from barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and oats (avena sativa l.) in alaska were analyzed between 2002 and 2004. pcr products spanning the viral coat protein gene of 187 isolates were cloned and sequenced. the majority (78%) were similar to bydv-pas, 19% were similar to cydv-rpv, and only about 3% resembled bydv-pav. the cydv-rpv isolates clustered in three g ...200717216137
study on the influence of pasture on volatile fraction of ewes' dairy products by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.the detection of markers of identification of the geographical origin of food is an attractive challenge and, as far as dairy products are concerned, this paper represents a contribution to this field. in this research the influence of feed on the volatile compound composition was investigated on milk, 2-mo-old cheese (caciotta), and whey cheese (ricotta) obtained from the same flock of sarda ewes, under standardized technological conditions. three different types of pasture (mixture of lolium p ...200717235132
microsatellite variation in avena sterilis oat germplasm.the avena sterilis l. collection in the plant gene resources of canada (pgrc) consists of 11,235 accessions originating from 27 countries and is an invaluable source of genetic variation for genetic improvement of oats, but it has been inadequately characterized, particularly using molecular techniques. more than 35 accessions have been identified with genes for resistance to oat crown and stem rusts, but little is known about their comparative genetic diversity. this study attempted to characte ...200717265024
characterization and mapping of oat crown rust resistance genes using three assessment methods.abstract resistance is the primary means of control for crown rust of oat (avena sativa l.), caused by puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae, and better knowledge of the genetics of resistance will enhance resistance breeding. disease data were generated in the field and greenhouse for parents and recombinant inbred lines of the ogle/tam o-301 (ot) oat mapping population using (i) a new quantitative assay that employs quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-pcr) to estimate fungal growth i ...200718944171
screening of argentinian plants for pesticide activity.aerial parts of 27 plant species native to argentina were tested in anti-insect, germination inhibition and bactericide bio-assays. in antifeedant assays on epilachna paenulata larvae, 11 species showed strong feeding deterrent effects (higher than 90% at 200 microg/cm(2)). twelve plants strongly inhibited the germination of avena sativa seeds, but only six inhibited raphanus sativum germination at 10 mg/ml. four plants showed complete growth inhibition of escherichia coli at a concentration of ...200717600637
isolation and sequence analysis of wheat nbs-lrr type disease resistance gene analogs using degenerate pcr primers.isolation of disease resistance gene analogs (rgas) using the conserved motifs of the resistance genes has attracted considerable attention since it was first reported more than a decade ago. in this study, rgas are isolated using homology-based pcr to target the nucleotide binding site (nbs) conserved regions from hexaploid wheat varieties and a few accessions of wild types. based on sequence similarity analysis, 83 of the sequenced clones were clustered as groups. of these rgas, 40 were in the ...200717453333
genetic analysis of a novel alaska barley yellow dwarf virus in the family luteoviridae.a new plant virus belonging to the family luteoviridae and isolated from diseased oat (avena sativa l.) plants was discovered in alaska in 2003. even though plants with red/orange leaves were indicative of barley yellow dwarf disease, they were not reactive to specific antibodies corresponding to barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv)-mav, -pav, -sgv, and cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv from enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa). an alternative rt-pcr assay that incorporated shu-f/yan-r primers for ...200717013543
a single binding site mediates resistance- and disease-associated activities of the effector protein nip1 from the barley pathogen rhynchosporium secalis.the effector protein nip1 from the barley (hordeum vulgare) pathogen rhynchosporium secalis specifically induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in cultivars of barley expressing the complementary resistance gene, rrs1. in addition, it stimulates the activity of the barley plasma membrane h(+)-atpase in a genotype-unspecific manner and it induces necrotic lesions in leaf tissues of barley and other cereal plant species. nip1 variants type i and ii, which display quantitative difference ...200717478637
inhibition of plant amine oxidases by a novel series of diamine derivatives.a series of n,n'-bis(2-pyridinylmethyl)diamines was synthesized and characterized for their inhibition effects towards plant copper-containing amine oxidase (ec 1.4.3.6) and polyamine oxidase (ec 1.5.3.11), which mediate the catabolic regulation of cellular polyamines. even though these enzymes catalyze related reactions and, among others, act upon two common substrates (spermidine and spermine), their molecular and kinetic properties are different. they also show a different spectrum of inhibit ...200716989933
13c isotopologue editing of fmn bound to phototropin domains.the plant blue light receptor phototropin comprises a protein kinase domain and two fmn-binding lov domains (lov1 and lov2). blue light irradiation of recombinant lov domains is conducive to the addition of a cysteinyl thiolate group to carbon 4a of the fmn chromophore, and spontaneous cleavage of that photoadduct completes the photocycle of the receptor. the present study is based on (13)c nmr signal modulation observed after reconstitution of lov domains of different origins with random librar ...200717944933
n- and c-terminal flanking regions modulate light-induced signal transduction in the lov2 domain of the blue light sensor phototropin 1 from avena sativa.light sensing by photoreceptors controls phototropism, chloroplast movement, stomatal opening, and leaf expansion in plants. understanding the molecular mechanism by which these processes are regulated requires a quantitative description of photoreceptor dynamics. we focus on a light-driven signal transduction mechanism in the lov2 domain (lov, light, oxygen, voltage) of the blue light photoreceptor phototropin 1 from avena sativa (oat). high-resolution crystal structures of the dark and light s ...200718001137
fructans from oat and rye: composition and effects on membrane stability during drying.fructans have been implicated in the abiotic stress tolerance of many plant species, including grasses and cereals. to elucidate the possibility that cereal fructans may stabilize cellular membranes during dehydration, we used liposomes as a model system and isolated fructans from oat (avena sativa) and rye (secale cereale). fructans were fractionated by preparative size exclusion chromatography into five defined size classes (degree of polymerization (dp) 3 to 7) and two size classes containing ...200717462587
a base-catalyzed mechanism for dark state recovery in the avena sativa phototropin-1 lov2 domain.phototropins are autophosphorylating serine/threonine kinases responsible for blue-light perception in plants; their action gives rise to phototropism, chloroplast relocation, and opening of stomatal guard cells. the kinase domain constitutes the c-terminal part of avena sativa phototropin 1. the n-terminal part contains two light, oxygen, or voltage (lov) sensing domains, lov1 and lov2; each binds a flavin mononucleotide (fmn) chromophore (lambdamax = 447 nm, termed d447) and forms the light-se ...200717311415
improving ecological risk assessment by including bioavailability into species sensitivity distributions: an example for plants exposed to nickel in soil.the variability of species sensitivity distribution (ssd) due to contaminant bioavailability in soil was explored by using nickel as metal of concern. ssds of toxicity test results of avena sativa l. originating from different soils and expressed as total content and available (0.01 m cacl2) extractable concentration were compared to ssds for terrestrial plants derived from literature toxicity data. also the 'free' nickel (ni2+) concentration was calculated and compared. the results demonstrated ...200717240027
solar ultraviolet-b radiation increases phenolic content and ferric reducing antioxidant power in avena sativa.we examined the influence of solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b; 280-320 nm) on the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem ii (f(v)/f(m)), bulk-soluble phenolic concentrations, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (frap) and growth of avena sativa. treatments involved placing filters on frames over potted plants that reduced levels of biologically effective uv-b by either 71% (reduced uv-b) or by 19% (near-ambient uv-b) over the 52 day experiment (04 july-25 august 2002). plants growing u ...200717876291
a major gene for grain cadmium accumulation in oat (avena sativa l.).cadmium (cd) is a nonessential heavy metal that is highly toxic to living cells at very low concentrations. most of the cd in plants derives from soils. owing to the large amounts consumed, cereals are the major source of dietary cd, and cd content in oat can exceed accepted limits. plants have a set of mechanisms that control the uptake, accumulation, trafficking, and detoxification of cd and other metals. genetic factors affect the variation in cd level between plant species and cultivars, and ...200717632580
lipids in grain tissues of oat (avena sativa): differences in content, time of deposition, and fatty acid composition.oat (avena sativa) is unusual in comparison with other cereals since there are varieties with up to 18% oil content. the lipid content and fatty acid composition in different parts of the grain during seed development were characterized in cultivars freja (6% oil) and matilda (10% oil), using thin-layer and gas chromatography, and light and electron microscopy. the majority of lipids (86-90%) were found in the endosperm. ninety-five per cent of the higher oil content of cv. matilda compared with ...200717586606
modification of chemical properties of cell walls by silicon and its role in regulation of the cell wall extensibility in oat leaves.effects of silicon on the mechanical and chemical properties of cell walls in the second leaf of oat (avena sativa l.) seedlings were investigated. the cell wall extensibility in the basal region of the second leaf was considerably higher than that in the middle and subapical regions. externally applied silicon increased the cell wall extensibility in the basal region, but it did not affect the extensibility in the middle and subapical regions. the amounts of cell wall polysaccharides and phenol ...200716618521
generation of snp markers for short straw in oat (avena sativa l.).short straw is a desired trait in oat germplasm (avena sativa l.). marker-assisted selection, a key tool for achieving this objective, is limited by the presence and number of available markers. here, we have attempted to develop markers sufficiently linked to a gene specifying short straw so that marker-assisted selection could be applied. bulked-segregant analysis was used to identify anonymous pcr-based markers associated with the dwarfing gene dw6 in an f2 population from the cross between a ...200616604112
forage fibre digestion, rates of feed passage and gut fill in juvenile and adult red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest: why body size matters.using red kangaroos macropus rufus desmarest, a large (>20 kg) marsupial herbivore, we compared the digestive capabilities of juveniles with those of mature, non-lactating females on high-quality forage (chopped lucerne medicago sativa hay) of 43+/-1% neutral-detergent fibre (ndf) and poorer quality, high-fibre forage (chopped oaten avena sativa hay) of 64+/-1% ndf. on chopped lucerne apparent dry matter (dm) digestibilities by young-at-foot (yaf) red kangaroos (an age that would normally be tak ...200616574810
identification of molecular markers for aluminium tolerance in diploid oat through comparative mapping and qtl analysis.the degree of aluminium tolerance varies widely across cereal species, with oats (avena spp.) being among the most tolerant. the objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to aluminium tolerance in the diploid oat a. strigosa. restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were tested in regions where comparative mapping indicated the potential for orthologous quantitative trait loci (qtl) for aluminium tolerance in other grass species. amplified fragment length polymorph ...200616323000
cadmium phytotoxicity: quantitative sensitivity relationships between classical endpoints and antioxidative enzyme biomarkers.in this work, cadmium phytotoxicity and quantitative sensitivity relationships between different hierarchical endpoints in plants cultivated in a contaminated soil were studied. thus, germination rate, biomass growth and antioxidative enzyme activity (i.e. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione reductase) in three terrestrial plants (avena sativa l., brassica campestris l. cv. chinensis, lactuca sativa l. cv. hanson) were analyzed. plant growth tests were carried out accordin ...200615982719
a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase activity in root cells of oat (avena sativa) is involved in altering membrane phospholipid composition during drought stress acclimation.during acclimation to drought stress, the lipid composition of oat root cell membranes is altered. the level of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), a non-bilayer forming lipid, is increased relative to the bilayer-forming lipid phosphatidylcholine (pc). these changes are believed to increase stress tolerance by increasing the flexibility of the membranes. to elucidate if de novo lipid synthesis is involved in altering membrane lipid composition, oat plants, acclimated or non-acclimated, were incubate ...200616762557
changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves of different age during de-etiolation and high-light treatment.the steady-state of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells is controlled by ros-producing and scavenging agents. a large cellular pool of antioxidant metabolites is involved in their control. variations in this antioxidant pool may be monitored by measuring changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity (free radical-quenching activity of water-soluble components) and ascorbic acid levels. the de-etiolation process and induction of light stress in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves wer ...200616628378
dynamic switching mechanisms in lov1 and lov2 domains of plant phototropins.lov domains are the light-sensitive portion of plant phototropins. they absorb light through a flavin cofactor, photochemically form a covalent bond between the chromophore and a cysteine residue in the protein, and proceed to mediate activation of an attached kinase domain. although the photoreaction itself is now well-characterized experimentally and computationally, it is still unclear how the formation of the adduct leads to kinase activation. we have performed molecular dynamics simulations ...200616935961
stimulation of chlororespiration by heat and high light intensity in oat plants.high irradiance and moderate heat inhibit the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of oat (avena sativa l.) leaves. the incubation of oat leaves under high light intensity in conjunction with high temperatures strongly decreased the maximal quantum yield of photosystem (ps) ii, indicating the close synergistic effect of both stress factors on ps ii inhibition and the subsequent irreversible damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. the ps i a/b protein levels remained similar to control values ...200616898010
plant species, atmospheric co2 and soil n interactively or additively control c allocation within plant-soil systems.two plant species, medicago truncatula (legume) and avena sativa (non-legume), were grown in low- or high-n soils under two co2 concentrations to test the hypothesis whether c allocation within plant-soil system is interactively or additively controlled by soil n and atmospheric co2 is dependent upon plant species. the results showed the interaction between plant species and soil n had a significant impact on microbial activity and plant growth. the interaction between co2 and soil n had a signi ...200617313000
specific cleavage of ribosomal rna and mrna during victorin-induced apoptotic cell death in oat.here we report that rrna and mrna are specifically degraded in oat (avena sativa l.) cells during apoptotic cell death induced by victorin, a host-selective toxin produced by cochliobolus victoriae. northern analysis indicated that rrna species from the cytosol, mitochondria and chloroplasts were all degraded via specific degradation intermediates during victorin-induced apoptotic cell death but, in contrast, they were randomly digested in necrotic cell death induced by 30 mm cuso(4) and heat sh ...200616805727
inheritance and mapping of a powdery mildew resistance gene introgressed from avena macrostachya in cultivated oat.the powdery mildew resistance from avena macrostachya was successfully introgressed into hexaploid oat (a. sativa). genetic analysis of f(1), f(2), f(3) and bc(1) populations from two powdery-mildew resistant introgression lines revealed that the resistance is controlled by a dominant gene, tentatively designated eg-5. molecular marker analysis was conducted using bulked-segregant analysis in two segregating f(3) populations. one codominant simple sequence repeats (ssr) marker am102 and four afl ...200616802169
carbohydrate partitioning between upper and lower regions of the crown in oat and rye during cold acclimation and freezing.carbohydrates have long been recognized as an important aspect of freezing tolerance in plants but the association between these two factors is often ambiguous. to help clarify the relationship, the allocation of carbohydrates between specific tissues within the over wintering organ (crown) of winter cereals was measured. a winter-hardy and non-winter-hardy oat (avena sativa l.), and a rye (secale cereale l.) cultivar were grown and frozen under controlled conditions. crown tissue was fractionat ...200616359655
toxicity assessment of two soils from jales mine (portugal) using plants: growth and biochemical parameters.contaminants in soils can enter food chains through primary producers. bioavailable contaminants can induce growth, and reproductive or biochemical changes in plants. to evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in two soils from jales mine surroundings, bioassays with the plants brassica rapa (rcbr) and avena sativa were performed. biochemical parameters (protein and malondialdehyde [mda] content, and catalase and peroxidase activities) were also measured. the soils had different heavy metal ...200616307215
all-optical switching in plant blue light photoreceptor phototropin.we theoretically analyze all-optical switching in the recently characterized lov2 domain from avena sativa (oat) phot1 phototropin, a blue-light plant photoreceptor, based on nonlinear intensity-induced excited-state absorption. the transmission of a cw probe laser beam at 660 nm corresponding to the peak absorption of the first excited l-state, through the lov2 sample, is switched by a pulsed pump laser beam at 442 nm that corresponds to the maximum initial d state absorption. the switching cha ...200617181028
changes in starch and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate levels and auxin transport are interrelated in graviresponding oat (avena sativa) shoots.this study was conducted to unravel a mechanism for the gravitropic curvature response in oat (avena sativa) shoot pulvini. for this purpose, we examined the downward movement of starch-filled chloroplast gravisensors, differential changes in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (ip(3)) levels, transport of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) and gravitropic curvature. upon gravistimulation, the ratio for iaa levels in lower halves versus those in upper halves (l/u) increased from 1.0 at 0 h and reached a maximu ...200617081244
[number and structure of actinomycetes complexes in the rhizosphere winter rye, oat and red clover].the actinomycetes complexes in the rhizosphere of three agricultural plants by using the methods of luminescense microscopy and cup sowing were investigated. it was established, that concentration of prokaryotic biomass and biomass of actinomycetes mycelium in rhizosphere of plants is higher than in free from the radicals to soil. rhizosphera of the oat (avena sativa l.) and red clover (trifolium pratense l.) is colonized by streptomyces, micromonospora and olygospore species. dominante actinomy ...200617022483
characteristics of grains and oils of four different oats (avena sativa l.) cultivars growing in turkey.some physical and chemical properties of four oat (avena sativa l.) varieties (bdmy-6, bdmy-7, che-chois and y-2330) harvested from konya in turkey were investigated. the weight of the grain, moisture, crude protein, crude ash, crude fibre, crude energy, crude oil and water-soluble extract contents of all oat variety grains were analysed. contents of aluminium, calcium, cadmium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, lead, potassium and manganese were also determined in the oat grains. the specific gravit ...200617135024
identification of prevalent potyvirus on maize and johnsongrass in corn fields of tehran province of iran and a study on some of its properties.during a growing season in 2004, 231 leaf samples of virus infected and mosaic and dwarf mosaic symptoms showing maize (zea mays l.) plants and 258 leaf samples of mosaic showing johnsongrass (sorghum halepens l.) plants from various corn fields in tehran province were collected. serological tests of das-elisa and diba were performed on samples using antisera of sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv), maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv), sorghum mosaic virus (srmv) and johnsongrasss mosaic virus (jgmv). in b ...200617390895
behaviour of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-hexachlorocyclohexane in the soil-plant system of a contaminated site.the behaviour of the organochlorine pesticide hexachlorocyclohexane (hch) is investigated. the concentrations of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-hch isomers were measured in soils, rhizosphere and vegetation in a contaminated area in galicia (nw spain). the total concentration of hch in soils reached values close to 20,000 mgkg(-1). the plants analysed (avena sativa l., chenopodium spp., solanum nigrum l., cytisus striatus (hill) roth, and vicia sativa l.) accumulated hch, especially the beta-h ...200616824654
microbially safe utilization of non-inactivated oats (avena sativa l.) for production of conjugated linoleic acid.a microbially safe process for the enrichment of conjugated linoleic acid (cla) in oats was developed. the process consists of hydrolysis of oat lipids by non-inactivated oat flour, followed by propionibacterium-catalyzed isomerization of the resulting free linoleic acid to cla. the first stage was performed at water activity (a(w)) 0.7, where hydrolysis of triacylglycerols progressed efficiently without growth of the indigenous microflora of flour. thereafter, the flour was incubated as a 5% (w ...200616448209
assessing nickel bioavailability in smelter-contaminated soils.metal contaminants in soil environments derived from industrial pollution have clearly established the need for research on bioavailability and potential health risks. much research has been conducted on metal sorption in soils. however, there is still a need to better understand the availability of metal contaminants to plants and microbes. such information will enhance both human health and decisions about remediation efforts. in this study, welland loam (typic epiaquoll) and quarry muck (terr ...200616499951
avenanthramide, a polyphenol from oats, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production.the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (smc) and impaired nitric oxide (no) production are both crucial pathophysiological processes in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. epidemiological data have indicated that diets rich in whole grain foods are associated with a reduced risk of developing atherosclerosis. avenanthramides are polyphenols found exclusively in oats (avena sativa l.). the present study was conducted to examine the effect of synthetically prepared avenan ...200616139284
an attempt to identify recombinants between two sobemoviruses in doubly infected oat plants.recombination in rna viruses is considered to play a major role as a driving force in virus variability to counterbalance loss in fitness that can be due to the accumulation of detrimental mutations. studies on mixed infections are pertinent for understanding the role of recombination in virus evolution. they also provide important baseline information for studying the biosafety of plants expressing viral sequences. to investigate the possibility of rna recombination occurrence between two sobem ...200616978574
in vitro bile acid binding of flours from oat lines varying in percentage and molecular weight distribution of beta-glucan.two experimental high beta-glucan oat (avena sativa) lines (7.64 and 8.05%) and two traditional lines (4.77 and 5.26% beta-glucan) were used to evaluate the effect of beta-glucan quantity and molecular weight on bile acid (ba) binding. the oat flour samples were digested by an in vitro system that simulated human digestion. no significant differences among oat type were found in the overall beta-glucan, starch, and pentosan digestibilities. considering the standard, cholestyramine, as 100% bound ...200516248587
quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to crown rust, puccinia coronata, in cultivated oat, avena sativa l.to facilitate the detection of quantitative trait loci (qtls) for partial resistance to oat crown rust, puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae eriks., a genetic map was generated in a population of 158 f(6)-derived oat recombinant inbred lines from a cross of a partial resistance line mn841801-1 by a susceptible cultivar selection 'noble-2'. the map, developed using 230 marker loci, mostly restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, spanned 1,509 cm (hal ...200515918009
phenolic compounds in oat grains (avena sativa l.) grown in conventional and organic systems.the concentrations of avenanthramides (avas), hydroxycinnamic acids (hcas), a sucrose-linked truxinic acid (tase), and certain agronomic parameters were analyzed in organically and conventionally grown oats. three cultivars of oats (i.e. freja, sang, and matilda) were grown according to standards for both conventional and organic farming in sweden, from 1998 to 2000. two levels of nitrogen (n) and three replicates were included. overall, there were significant differences between years, cultivar ...200516092265
ecotoxicity of sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) to soil organisms.sodium fluoroacetate (compound 1080) is applied as a vertebrate pesticide in new zealand for control of introduced mammalian pests. despite its widespread use, little is known about the soil ecotoxicity of 1080. therefore, the hazard of 1080 to soil invertebrates, plants, and soil microorganisms was evaluated in a series of controlled laboratory tests. no earthworm (eisenia fetida) mortality was reported with 1080 exposures up to 865 mg/kg soil. the lowest-observable-effect concentration and the ...200516111002
heterodera glycines infectivity and egg viability following nonhost crops and during overwintering.the most effective management program for soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines, is a crop rotation that uses nonhost crops and resistant soybean cultivars. however, little is known about the effects of rotation crops and overwintering on h. glycines biology. these experiments were initiated to determine the effects of seven alternative crops on h. glycines' ability to infect and mature on subsequent soybean crops, and to assess the viability of eggs during the overwintering months. rotatio ...200519262870
wheat cultivar-specific proteins in grain revealed by 2-de and their application to cultivar identification of flour.wheat flour proteins were studied to identify the cultivar-specific proteins and use them to identify cultivars in flours. proteins extracted from flours of japanese wheat (cultivars hokushin, horoshirikomugi, kitanokaori and kachikei 33) and canadian wheat (canada western red spring wheat no. 1; 1cw) were analyzed by 2-de with ief gels over three ph ranges: ph 4-7, ph 5-8, and ph 6-11. this system enabled detection of more than 1600 protein spots. we recognized that among 50 protein spots showi ...200516152659
phosphate-limited oat. the plasma membrane and the tonoplast as major targets for phospholipid-to-glycolipid replacement and stimulation of phospholipases in the plasma membrane.we recently reported that cultivation of oat (avena sativa l.) without phosphate resulted in plasma membrane phosphoglycerolipids being replaced to a large extent by digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) (andersson, m. x., stridh, m. h., larsson, k. e., liljenberg, c., and sandelius, a. s. (2003) febs lett. 537, 128-132). we report here that dgdg is not the only non-phosphorous-containing lipid that replaces phospholipids but that also the content of glucosylceramides and sterolglycosides increased ...200515927962
competitive interactions among four pest species of earth mites (acari: penthaleidae).earth mites are major winter pests of a variety of crops and pastures in southern australia. competition between four earth mite species was investigated using field and shadehouse experiments. the influence of different plant hosts on the frequency and intensity of competitive interactions also were examined. this information is important, because control attempts that eradicate one species of mite could be directly followed by an increase in abundance of another earth mite species. there were ...200515889718
flavonolignans from avena sativa.three flavonolignans derived from the flavone tricin were isolated from avena sativa herb. this is the first report of the presence of flavonolignans in a. sativa. in the known compounds 1a and 1b, a coniferyl alcohol moiety is linked to the flavone by an ether bond; in the new natural product 2, it is linked by c-c bonds. structure elucidation of compound 2 was performed by 1d and 2d nmr experiments, and the absolute configuration was determined from circular dichroic data.200515730266
chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the ryegrass genome from the triticeae, oat, and rice genomes using common heterologous rflp probes.an restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-based genetic map of ryegrass (lolium) was constructed for comparative mapping with other poaceae species using heterologous anchor probes. the genetic map contained 120 rflp markers from cdna clones of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), covering 664 cm on seven linkage groups (lgs). the genome comparisons of ryegrass relative to the triticeae, oat, and rice extended the syntenic relationships among t ...200515742203
chromophore exchange in the lov2 domain of the plant photoreceptor phototropin1 from oat.phototropins are a family of plant photoreceptors mediating blue light responses such as phototropism, leaf expansion, chloroplast relocation, and stomatal opening. characteristic for phototropins are two lov domains which, when expressed in heterologous systems, each carry a single flavin mononucleotide (fmn) chromophore. here we describe removal of fmn from the lov2 domain of avena sativa using a hydrophobic matrix and successful incorporation of flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), riboflavin, ...200515723549
carbohydrate concentrations in crown fractions from winter oat during hardening at sub-zero temperatures.contradictory results in correlation studies of plant carbohydrates with freezing tolerance may be because whole crown tissue is analysed for carbohydrates while differences exist in the survival of specific tissue within the crown. the aim of this study was to see if carbohydrate changes in tissue within oat crowns during second phase hardening (sub-zero hardening) are tissue specific.200515894549
a microcosm approach to assessing the effects of earthworm inoculation and oat cover cropping on co2 fluxes and biological properties in an amended semiarid soil.we designed a microcosm experiment to assess the influence of inoculation with eisenia foetida earthworms and the establishment of an avena sativa cover crop on biological (enzyme activities and labile carbon fractions) soil quality indicators in a soil treated with a composted organic residue, and to determine the contribution of these treatments to carbon dioxide emissions from the soil to the atmosphere of the microcosm. the microcosms were incubated for 53 days under 28 degrees c/18 degrees ...200515894048
dose-response-a challenge for allelopathy?the response of an organism to a chemical depends, among other things, on the dose. nonlinear dose-response relationships occur across a broad range of research fields, and are a well established tool to describe the basic mechanisms of phytotoxicity. the responses of plants to allelochemicals as biosynthesized phytotoxins, relate as well to nonlinearity and, thus, allelopathic effects can be adequately quantified by nonlinear mathematical modeling. the current paper applies the concept of nonli ...200519330161
contents of phenolic acids, alkyl- and alkenylresorcinols, and avenanthramides in commercial grain products.the contents of free and total phenolic acids and alk(en)ylresorcinols were analyzed in commercial products of eight grains: oat (avena sativa), wheat (triticum spp.), rye (secale cerale), barley (hordeum vulgare), buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum), millet (panicum miliaceum), rice (oryza sativa), and corn (zea mays). avenanthramides were determined in three oat products. free phenolic acids, alk(en)ylresorcinols, and avenanthramides were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, 100% methanol, and ...200516218677
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