Publications

emergence of groundnut ringspot virus and tomato chlorotic spot virus in vegetables in florida and the southeastern united states.	groundnut ringspot virus (grsv) and tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv) are two emerging tospoviruses in florida. in a survey of the southeastern united states, grsv and tcsv were frequently detected in solanaceous crops and weeds with tospovirus-like symptoms in south florida, and occurred sympatrically with tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) in tomato and pepper in south florida. tswv was the only tospovirus detected in other survey locations, with the exceptions of grsv from tomato (solanum lyco ...	2015	25317844
[effect of volatile metabolites from germinating seeds on the reproduction of the bacteria listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis].	the biological activity of volatile metabolites of germinating seeds of cabbage (brassica oleacia), carrot (daukus carota), salad (lactuca sativa), and corn (zea mays l.) against listeria monocytogenes and yersinia pseudotuberculosis was studied. it was shown that volatile metabolites are transfer factors and can be the sole carbon and energy source for these bacteria. methanol is the main substance affecting their growth and reproduction.	2015	22834302
dissection of two complex clusters of resistance genes in lettuce (lactuca sativa).	of the over 50 phenotypic resistance genes mapped in lettuce, 25 colocalize to three major resistance clusters (mrc) on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. similarly, the majority of candidate resistance genes encoding nucleotide binding-leucine rich repeat (nlr) proteins genetically colocalize with phenotypic resistance loci. mrc1 and mrc4 span over 66 and 63 mb containing 84 and 21 nlr-encoding genes, respectively, as well as 765 and 627 genes that are not related to nlr genes. forward and reverse geneti ...	2015	25650829
a lettuce (lactuca sativa) homolog of human nogo-b receptor interacts with cis-prenyltransferase and is necessary for natural rubber biosynthesis.	natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is an indispensable biopolymer used to manufacture diverse consumer products. although a major source of natural rubber is the rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis), lettuce (lactuca sativa) is also known to synthesize natural rubber. here, we report that an unusual cis-prenyltransferase-like 2 (cptl2) that lacks the conserved motifs of conventional cis-prenyltransferase is required for natural rubber biosynthesis in lettuce. cptl2, identified from the lettuce ru ...	2015	25477521
older leaves of lettuce (lactuca spp.) support higher levels of salmonella enterica ser. senftenberg attachment and show greater variation between plant accessions than do younger leaves.	salmonella can bind to the leaves of salad crops including lettuce and survive for commercially relevant periods. previous studies have shown that younger leaves are more susceptible to colonization than older leaves and that colonization levels are dependent on both the bacterial serovar and the lettuce cultivar. in this study, we investigated the ability of two lactuca sativa cultivars (saladin and iceberg) and an accession of wild lettuce (l. serriola) to support attachment of salmonella ente ...	2015	25953858
host genotype and hypersensitive reaction influence population levels of xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians in lettuce.	dynamics of population sizes of xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians inoculated onto or into lettuce leaves were monitored on susceptible and resistant cultivars. in general, population growth was greater for susceptible (clemente, salinas 88, vista verde) than resistant (batavia reine des glaces, iceberg, little gem) cultivars. when spray-inoculated or infiltrated, population levels of x. campestris pv. vitians were consistently significantly lower on little gem than on susceptible cultivars, whi ...	2015	25302523
paecilomyces niveus stolk & samson, 1971 (ascomycota: thermoascaceae) as a pathogen of nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley, 1841) (hemiptera, aphididae) in brazil.	nasonovia ribisnigri is a key pest of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) in brazil that requires alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides. we report, for the first time, the occurrence of paecilomyces niveus as an entomopathogen of the aphid nasonovia ribisnigri in pinhais, paraná, brazil. samples of mummified aphids were collected from lettuce crops. the fungus p. niveus (paepr) was isolated from the insect bodies and identified by macro and micromorphology. the species was confirmed by seq ...	2015	26602345
toxicity assessment through multiple endpoint bioassays in soils posing environmental risk according to regulatory screening values.	toxicity profiles of two soils (a brownfield in legazpi and an abandoned iron mine in zugaztieta; basque country) contaminated with several metals (as, zn, pb and cu in legazpi; zn, pb, cd and cu in zugaztieta) and petroleum hydrocarbons (in legazpi) were determined using a multi-endpoint bioassay approach. investigated soils exceeded screening values (svs) of regulatory policies in force (basque country; europe). acute and chronic toxicity bioassays were conducted with a selected set of test sp ...	2014	24819436
chemical composition, antimicrobial, insecticidal, phytotoxic and antioxidant activities of mediterranean pinus brutia and pinus pinea resin essential oils.	essential oils of the resins of pinus brutia and pinus pinea were evaluated for their biological potential. essential oils were characterized using gc-ms and gc/fid. in vitro antimicrobial, phytotoxic, antioxidant, and insecticidal activities were carried out using the direct contact and the fumigant assays, respectively. the chemical profile of the essential oils of the resins of p. pinea and p. brutia included mainly α-pinene (21.39% and 25.40%), β-pinene (9.68% and 9.69%), and caryophyllene ( ...	2014	25556061
the impact of the pathogen rhizoctonia solani and its beneficial counterpart bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the indigenous lettuce microbiome.	lettuce belongs to the most commonly raw eaten food worldwide and its microbiome plays an important role for both human and plant health. yet, little is known about the impact of potentially occurring pathogens and beneficial inoculants of the indigenous microorganisms associated with lettuce. to address this question we studied the impact of the phytopathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani and the biological control agent bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 on the indigenous rhizosphere and phyllosph ...	2014	24795707
plant growth-promoting bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus p23 increases the chlorophyll content of the monocot lemna minor (duckweed) and the dicot lactuca sativa (lettuce).	acinetobacter calcoaceticus p23 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium that was isolated from the surface of duckweed (lemna aoukikusa). the bacterium was observed to colonize on the plant surfaces and increase the chlorophyll content of not only the monocotyledon lemna minor but also the dicotyledon lactuca sativa in a hydroponic culture. this effect on the lactuca sativa was significant in nutrient-poor (×1/100 dilution of h2 medium) and not nutrient-rich (×1 or ×1/10 dilutions of h2 medium) co ...	2014	24468072
assessment of microbiological contamination of fresh, minimally processed, and ready-to-eat lettuces (lactuca sativa), rio de janeiro state, brazil.	this study aimed to assess the microbiological contamination of lettuces commercialized in rio de janeiro, brazil, in order to investigate detection of norovirus genogroup ii (nov gii), salmonella spp., total and fecal coliforms, such as escherichia coli. for nov detection samples were processed using the adsorption-elution concentration method associated to real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr). a total of 90 samples of lettuce including 30 whole fresh lettuces, 30 minimally p ...	2014	24761806
effect of the strain bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 on the microbial community in the rhizosphere of lettuce under field conditions analyzed by whole metagenome sequencing.	application of the plant associated bacterium bacillus amyloliquefaciens fzb42 on lettuce (lactuca sativa) confirmed its capability to promote plant growth and health by reducing disease severity (ds) caused by the phytopathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani. therefore this strain is commercially applied as an eco-friendly plant protective agent. it is able to produce cyclic lipopeptides (clp) and polyketides featuring antifungal and antibacterial properties. production of these secondary metaboli ...	2014	24904564
evaluation of lettuce germplasm resistance to gray mold disease for organic cultivations.	this study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 212 accessions of lettuce germplasm to gray mold disease caused by botrytis cinerea. the lettuce germplasm were composed of five species: lactuca sativa (193 accessions), l. sativa var. longifolia (2 accessions), l. sativa var. crispa (2 accessions), l. saligna (2 accessions), and l. serriola (1 accession); majority of these originated from korea, netherlands, usa, russia, and bulgaria. after 35 days of spray inoculation with conidial suspen ...	2014	25288990
comparative study of toxicity of azo dye procion red mx-5b following biosorption and biodegradation treatments with the fungi aspergillus niger and aspergillus terreus.	azo dyes are an important class of environmental contaminants and are characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds (-n=n-) in their molecular structure. effluents containing these compounds resist many types of treatments due to their molecular complexity. therefore, alternative treatments, such as biosorption and biodegradation, have been widely studied to solve the problems caused by these substances, such as their harmful effects on the environment and organisms. the aim of the pres ...	2014	25048922
production of an endoinulinase from aspergillus niger aumc 9375, by solid state fermentation of agricultural wastes, with purification and characterization of the free and immobilized enzyme.	two different substrates, sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) tubers and lettuce (lactuca sativa) roots, were tested. using a mixture of both wastes resulted in higher production of endoinulinase than either waste alone. also, ten fungal species grown on these substrates as inexpensive, carbon sources were screened for the best production of endoinulinase activities. of these, aspergillus niger aumc 9375 was the most productive, when grown on the mixture using a 6:1 w/w ratio of sun flower: lettuce ...	2014	24810318
role of gsh homeostasis under zn toxicity in plants with different zn tolerance.	tripepthide glutathione (gsh) is a pivotal molecule in tolerance to heavy metals, including zinc (zn). the aim of our work is to examine the role of gsh metabolism in two different horticultural plants under zn toxicity in order to select and/or generate plants tolerant to zn toxicity. we show a comparative analysis of the toxic effect of 0.5mm zn between lactuca sativa cv. phillipus and brassica oleracea cv. bronco. in l. sativa the accumulation of zn resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen ...	2014	25219313
insecticide residues in head lettuce, cabbage, chinese cabbage, and broccoli grown in fields.	the residues of four insecticides belonging to different families were studied on head lettuce (lactuca sativa l. var. capitata l.), cabbage (brassica oleracea linn. var. capitata dc.), chinese cabbage (brassica pekinensis skeels), and broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) after pesticide application. to reduce application variability, a tank mix of acetamiprid 20% sp, chlorpyrifos 22.5% ec, deltamethrin 2.4% sc, and methomyl 40% sp was applied at recommended and double doses. initial deposi ...	2014	24684565
exposure factors for wastewater-irrigated asian vegetables and a probabilistic rotavirus disease burden model for their consumption.	many farmers in water-scarce regions of developing countries use wastewater to irrigate vegetables and other agricultural crops, a practice that may expand with climate change. there are a number of health risks associated with wastewater irrigation for human food crops, particularly with surface irrigation techniques common in the developing world. the world health organization (who) recommends using quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) to determine if the irrigation scheme meets healt ...	2014	24576153
microrna319a-targeted brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis tcp genes modulate head shape in chinese cabbage by differential cell division arrest in leaf regions.	leafy heads of cabbage (brassica oleracea), chinese cabbage (brassica rapa), and lettuce (lactuca sativa) are composed of extremely incurved leaves. the shape of these heads often dictates the quality, and thus the commercial value, of these crops. using quantitative trait locus mapping of head traits within a population of 150 recombinant inbred lines of chinese cabbage, we investigated the relationship between expression levels of microrna-targeted brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis teosinte branch ...	2014	24351684
seed germination, root elongation, root-tip mitosis, and micronucleus induction of five crop plants exposed to chromium in fluvo-aquic soil.	the present study aimed to determine the toxic effects of chromium (cr) on cabbage (brassica oleracea), cucumber (cucumis sativus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), wheat (triticum aestivum), and corn (zea mays), and identify the sensitive plant species and appropriate bioassays for potential use in phytotoxicity assessment of cr in soil. results showed that seed germination might not be a sensitive assay for assessing cr toxicity because at most of the cr levels there were no toxic effects. root elong ...	2014	24318542
field study on the accumulation of trace elements by vegetables produced in the vicinity of abandoned pyrite mines.	to evaluate the accumulation of trace elements (te) by vegetables produced in the vicinity of abandoned pyrite mines, eighteen different small farms were selected near three mines from the portuguese sector of the iberian pyrite belt (são domingos, aljustrel and lousal). total and bioavailable as, cu, pb, and zn concentrations were analyzed in the soils, and the same te were analyzed in three different vegetables, lettuce (lactuca sativa), coriander (coriandrum sativum), and cabbage (brassica ol ...	2014	24252198
brpspl9 (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis spl9) controls the earliness of heading time in chinese cabbage.	the leafy heads of cabbage (brassica oleracea), chinese cabbage (brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis), brussels sprouts (b. oleracea ssp. gemmifera) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) comprise extremely incurved leaves that are edible vegetable products. the heading time is important for high quality and yield of these crops. here, we report that brpspl9-2 (b. rapa ssp. pekinensis squamosa promoter binding-like 9-2), a target gene of microrna brp-mir156, controls the heading time of chinese cabbage. quantit ...	2014	24237584
the role of pentacyclic triterpenoids in the allelopathic effects of alstonia scholaris.	alstonia scholaris is a tropical evergreen tree native to south and southeast asia. alstonia forests frequently lack understory species. however, potential mechanisms-particularly the allelochemicals involved-remain unclear. in the present study, we identified allelochemicals of a. scholaris, and clarified the role of allelopathic substances from a. scholaris in interactions with neighboring plants. we showed that the leaves, litter, and soil from a. scholaris inhibited growth of bidens pilosa-a ...	2014	24390624
overexpression of atgrdp2, a novel glycine-rich domain protein, accelerates plant growth and improves stress tolerance.	proteins with glycine-rich signatures have been reported in a wide variety of organisms including plants, mammalians, fungi, and bacteria. plant glycine-rich protein genes exhibit developmental and tissue-specific expression patterns. herein, we present the characterization of the atgrdp2 gene using arabidopsis null and knockdown mutants and, arabidopsis and lettuce over-expression lines. atgrdp2 encodes a short glycine-rich domain protein, containing a duf1399 domain and a putative rna recognit ...	2014	25653657
diterpene foliar exudates of blakiella bartsiifolia and phytotoxicity of clerodanes.	blakiella bartsiifolia (s.f. blake), an endemic and rare high altitude plant of the northern andes, appears well adapted to the prevailing harsh environment owing in part to a thick glandular trichome cover. from foliar exudates, two new clerodanes, 15,16-epoxy-2-hydroxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatrien-20-oic acid (bartsiifolic acid) (2) and z-15,16-dihydroxy-3,13-clerodien-20-oic acid (barthydrolic acid) (3), were isolated in addition to the known junceic acid (1). in addition, three new alicyclic fur ...	2014	25522526
[ecotoxicological effect and soil environmental criteria of the heavy metal chromium(vi)].	nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in china, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. in this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (triticum aestivum, lactuca sativa, cucumis sativus, zea mays, brassica pekinensis, glycine max, allium tuberosum and solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of c ...	2014	25338393
chemical composition and phytotoxic effects of essential oils obtained from ailanthus altissima (mill.) swingle cultivated in tunisia.	ailanthus altissima mill. swingle (simaroubaceae), also known as tree of heaven, is used in the chinese traditional medicine as a bitter aromatic drug for the treatment of colds and gastric diseases. in tunisia, ailanthus altissima is an exotic tree, which was introduced many years ago and used particularly as a street ornamental tree. here, the essential oils of different plant parts of this tree, viz., roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and samaras (ripe fruits), were obtained by hydrodistillation ...	2014	25146765
absence of internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 into germinating tissue of field-grown leafy greens.	both growth chamber and field studies were conducted to investigate the potential for escherichia coli o157:h7 to be internalized into leafy green tissue when seeds were germinated in contaminated soil. internalized e. coli o157:h7 was detected by enrichment in both spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seedlings when seeds were germinated within the growth chamber in autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil, respectively, contaminated with e. coli o157:h7 at 2.0 and 3.8 log cf ...	2014	24490912
characterization of cytochalasins from the endophytic xylaria sp. and their biological functions.	bioassay-guided fractionation of the fermentation extract of xylaria sp. xc-16, an endophyte from toona sinensis led to the isolation of two new cytochalasans cytochalasin z27, 1, and cytochalasin z28, 2, along with three known compounds seco-cytochalasin e, 3, and cytochalasin z18, 4, and cytochalasin e, 5. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic and electronic circular dichroism methods. compound 5 was shown to be potently cytotoxic against brine shrimp (lc50 = 2.79 μm), com ...	2014	25350301
construction of transplastomic lettuce (lactuca sativa) dominantly producing astaxanthin fatty acid esters and detailed chemical analysis of generated carotenoids.	the plastid genome of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cv. berkeley was site-specifically modified with the addition of three transgenes, which encoded β,β-carotenoid 3,3'-hydroxylase (crtz) and β,β-carotenoid 4,4'-ketolase (4,4'-oxygenase; crtw) from a marine bacterium brevundimonas sp. strain sd212, and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase from a marine bacterium paracoccus sp. strain n81106. constructed transplastomic lettuce plants were able to grow on soil at a growth rate similar to that of non-tr ...	2014	24287848
contribution for the derivation of a soil screening value (ssv) for uranium, using a natural reference soil.	in order to regulate the management of contaminated land, many countries have been deriving soil screening values (ssv). however, the ecotoxicological data available for uranium is still insufficient and incapable to generate ssvs for european soils. in this sense, and so as to make up for this shortcoming, a battery of ecotoxicological assays focusing on soil functions and organisms, and a wide range of endpoints was carried out, using a natural soil artificially spiked with uranium. in terrest ...	2014	25353962
phytochemical relationship of euphorbia helioscopia and euphorbia pulcherrima with lactuca sativa.	allelopathy is an important phenomenon that modifies the ecosystem. a plant can enhance or reduce the growth of other plant due to the presence of a number of allelochemicals in its different parts. euphorbia helioscopia and euphorbia pulcherrima are medicinal plant species. both these species are collected from wild resources for various purposes. to reduce the pressure on wild population, it is important to bring them into cultivation. therefore, the allelopathic effects of e. helioscopia and ...	2014	25075544
fate and transformation products of amine-terminated pamam dendrimers under ozonation and irradiation.	this article deals with the degradation of a third-generation (g3) poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimer under ozonation and irradiation. the identification and quantification of g3 pamam dendrimer and its transformation products has been performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. the dendrimer was completely depleted by ozone in less than 1 min. the effect of ultraviolet irradiation was attributed to hydroxyl-mediated oxidation. t ...	2014	24384376
suaveolic acid: a potent phytotoxic substance of hyptis suaveolens.	hyptis suaveolens (lamiaceae) is an exotic invasive plant in many countries. earlier studies reported that the aqueous, methanol, and aqueous methanol extract of h. suaveolens and its residues have phytotoxic properties. however, to date, the phytotoxic substances of this plant have not been reported. therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation and identification of phytotoxic substances of h. suaveolens. aqueous methanol extract of this plant was purified by several chromatographic r ...	2014	25405221
phytotoxic activity of ocimum tenuiflorum extracts on germination and seedling growth of different plant species.	phytotoxic activity of ocimum tenuiflorum (lamiaceae) plant extracts was investigated against the germination and seedling growth of cress (lepidium sativum), lettuce (lactuca sativa), alfalfa (medicago sativa), italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), barnyard grass (echinochloa crus-galli), and timothy (phleum pratense) at four different concentrations. the plant extracts at concentrations greater than 30 mg dry weight equivalent extract ml(-1) reduced significantly the total germination percent ...	2014	25032234
particle size characterization of oak wood leachate: chemical oxygen demand and toxicity distribution within different fractions.	oak wood leachate obtained from two storage facilities (storage pound and ditch) in a wood-based industry, and leachate generated by a laboratory leaching test, were characterized in seven categories regarding particle size distribution (psd) (raw leachate, ≤ 20 μm, ≤ 10 μm, ≤ 1.2 μm, ≤ 13 nm, ≤ 5 nm and ≤ 2 nm). the psd followed a normal distribution model with a correlation coefficient (r) varying from 82 to 88. each fraction was analysed regarding chemical oxygen demand, polyphenols and acute ...	2014	25098881
anaerobic baffled reactor coupled with chemical precipitation for treatment and toxicity reduction of industrial wastewater.	this study describes the reduction of soluble chemical oxygen demand (cods) and the removal of dissolved organic carbon (doc), formaldehyde (fa) and nitrogen from highly polluted wastewater generated during cleaning procedures in wood floor manufacturing using a laboratory-scale biological anaerobic baffled reactor followed by chemical precipitation using mgci2 .6h20 + na2hpo4. by increasing the hydraulic retention time from 2.5 to 3.7 and 5 days, the reduction rates of fa, doc and cods of nearl ...	2014	24600852
allelopathic activity and chemical constituents of walnut (juglans regia) leaf litter in walnut-winter vegetable agroforestry system.	walnut agroforestry systems have many ecological and economic benefits when intercropped with cool-season species. however, decomposing leaf litter is one of the main sources of allelochemicals in such systems. in this study, lettuce (lactuca sativa var. angustata) was grown in the soil incorporated with walnut leaf litter to assess its allelopathic activity. lettuce growth and physiological processes were inhibited by walnut leaf litter, especially during early growth stage (1-2 euphylla period ...	2014	24784929
perfluoroalkyl acid uptake in lettuce (lactuca sativa) and strawberry (fragaria ananassa) irrigated with reclaimed water.	using reclaimed water to irrigate food crops presents an exposure pathway for persistent organic contaminants such as perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) to enter the human food chain. this greenhouse study used reclaimed water augmented with varying concentrations (0.2-40 μg/l) of pfaas, including perfluorocarboxylates (c3f7coo(-) to c8f17coo(-)) and perfluorosulfonates (c4f9so2o(-), c6f13so2o(-), c8f17so2o(-)), to investigate potential uptake and concentration-response trends in lettuce (lactuca sati ...	2014	25386873
[combined effects of beta radiation and shock wave on the seeds of lettuce lactuca sativa l].	the effect of shock wave (sw) and beta-radiation (beta) on lactuca sativa l. seeds was investigated. exposure to sw at an amplitude of 200 and 600 mpa in various combinations with beta caused a lower survival rate and development of abnormal plants. at an amplitude of 600 mpa, when the sw + beta protocol was used, the maximum amount of abnormalities was seen after 220-240 hours of wetting and when the beta + sw protocol was used the maximum amount of abnormalities was seen after 80-100 hours of ...	2014	2716274
contact sensitization to lettuce and rocket-salad with and without systemic elicitation of dermatitis after oral challenge.		2014	25155079
inhibition of root growth by narciclasine is caused by dna damage-induced cell cycle arrest in lettuce seedlings.	narciclasine (ncs) is an amaryllidaceae alkaloid isolated from narcissus tazetta bulbs. its phytotoxic effects on plant growth were examined in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seedlings. results showed that high concentrations (0.5-5 μm) of ncs restricted the growth of lettuce roots in a dose-dependent manner. in ncs-treated lettuce seedlings, the following changes were detected: reduction of mitotic cells and cell elongation in the mature region, inhibition of proliferation of meristematic cells, a ...	2014	24482192
root exudation and root development of lettuce (lactuca sativa l. cv. tizian) as affected by different soils.	development and activity of plant roots exhibit high adaptive variability. although it is well-documented, that physicochemical soil properties can strongly influence root morphology and root exudation, particularly under field conditions, a comparative assessment is complicated by the impact of additional factors, such as climate and cropping history. to overcome these limitations, in this study, field soils originating from an unique experimental plot system with three different soil types, wh ...	2014	24478764
exposure studies of core-shell fe/fe(3)o(4) and cu/cuo nps to lettuce (lactuca sativa) plants: are they a potential physiological and nutritional hazard?	iron and copper nanomaterials are widely used in environmental remediation and agriculture. however, their effects on physiological parameters and nutritional quality of terrestrial plants such as lettuce (lactuca sativa) are still unknown. in this research, 18-day-old hydroponically grown lettuce seedlings were treated for 15 days with core-shell nanoscale materials (fe/fe(3)o(4), cu/cuo) at 10 and 20mg/l, and feso(4)·7h(2)o and cuso(4)·5h(2)o at 10mg/l. at harvest, fe, cu, micro and macronutri ...	2014	24462971
changes in macrominerals, trace elements and pigments content during lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) growth: influence of soil composition.	changes in macrominerals, trace elements and photosynthetic pigments were monitored at 5 stages of lettuce growth. plants were grown in three experimental agriculture greenhouse fields (a1, a2 and a3). soil composition was also monitored to understand its influence on lettuce composition. in general, the content of macrominerals, trace elements, chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased during lettuce growth and consequently, high nutritional value was observed at younger stages. a2 lettuces showed ...	2014	24444982
assessment of the possible reuse of msw coming from landfill mining of old open dumpsites.	the present study addresses the theme of recycling potential of old open dumpsites by using landfill mining. attention is focused on the possible reuse of the residual finer fraction (<4 mm), which constitutes more than 60% of the total mined material, sampled in the old open dumpsite of lavello (southern italy). we propose a protocol of analysis of the landfill material that links chemical analyses and environmental bioassays. this protocol is used to evaluate the compatibility of the residual ...	2014	24412012
geochemical characterization and biomonitoring of reclaimed soils in the po river delta (northern italy): implications for the agricultural activities.	this geochemical study is focused on the easternmost part of the po river alluvial plain in northern italy, which is interested by widespread agricultural activities, investigating a reclaimed sector of the province of ferrara, known as "valle del mezzano" (mezzano low land, hereafter reported as mll) characterized by peat-rich soils. the chemical-mineralogical characterization of these reclaimed soils is important to compare the local geochemical backgrounds with those recorded in other sectors ...	2014	24374785
plastid transformation in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) by biolistic dna delivery.	the interest in producing pharmaceutical proteins in a nontoxic plant host has led to the development of an approach to express such proteins in transplastomic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). a number of therapeutic proteins and vaccine antigen candidates have been stably integrated into the lettuce plastid genome using biolistic dna delivery. high levels of accumulation and retention of biological activity suggest that lettuce may provide an ideal platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals.	2014	24599864
plastid transformation in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) by polyethylene glycol treatment of protoplasts.	a detailed protocol for peg-mediated plastid transformation of lactuca sativa cv. flora, using leaf protoplasts, is described. successful plastid transformation using protoplasts requires a large number of viable cells, high plating densities, and an efficient regeneration system. transformation was achieved using a vector that targets genes to the trni/trna intergenic region of the lettuce plastid genome. the aada gene, encoding an adenylyltransferase enzyme that confers spectinomycin resistanc ...	2014	24599863
influence of the temporal and spatial variation of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and soil composition in the n species content in lettuce (lactuca sativa).	the variation of nitrate reductase (nr), glutamine synthetase (gs) and n content in lettuce was evaluated at 5 stages of lettuce growth. soil physicochemical properties and its n content were also assessed to elucidate the soil-to-plant transfer of inorganic n and potential leaching to groundwater. a decrease of nr activity and an increase of no3(-) and n-kjeldahl content in lettuces were observed during plant growth, whereas gs activity and nh4(+) increased during the first few weeks of lettuce ...	2014	24576762
cytotoxic and phytotoxic effects of the main chemical components of spent pot-liner: a comparative approach.	spent pot-liner (spl) is a hazardous solid waste produced by the aluminum industry. although its composition may vary, fluoride and cyanide salts as well as aluminum are predominant components. a seed-germination and root-elongation test was performed with lactuca sativa seeds as a test system. spl induced decrease of seed germination rate and root elongation. the concentration of 26.5g/l spl was established from a regression curve as the ic50 (inhibition concentration 50%). through chemical ana ...	2014	24561381
changes in the metabolome of lettuce leaves due to exposure to mancozeb pesticide.	this paper describes a proton high resolution magic angle spinning (hrmas) nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) metabolomic study of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) leaves to characterise metabolic adaptations during leaf growth and exposure to mancozeb. metabolite variations were identified through multivariate analysis and checked through spectral integration. lettuce growth was accompanied by activation of energetic metabolism, preferential glucose use and changes in amino acids, phospholipids, ascor ...	2014	24518345
impacts of major cations (k(+), na (+), ca (2+), mg (2+)) and protons on toxicity predictions of nickel and cadmium to lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using exposure models.	biotic ligand models (blm) explicitly accounting for hypothetical interactions with biotic ligands and bioavailability as dictated by water chemistry have been developed for various metals and different organisms. it is only recently that blms for plants have received increasing attention. lettuce is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world. this study investigated the impacts of ca(2+), mg(2+), k(+), na(+) and ph, on acute toxicity of ni and cd to butter-head lettuce seedlings (la ...	2014	24510448
foliar or root exposures to smelter particles: consequences for lead compartmentalization and speciation in plant leaves.	in urban areas with high fallout of airborne particles, metal uptake by plants mainly occurs by foliar pathways and can strongly impact crop quality. however, there is a lack of knowledge on metal localization and speciation in plants after pollution exposure, especially in the case of foliar uptake. in this study, two contrasting crops, lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and rye-grass (lolium perenne l.), were exposed to pb-rich particles emitted by a pb-recycling factory via either atmospheric or soi ...	2014	24508855
comparative analysis of complete chloroplast genome sequence and inversion variation in lasthenia burkei (madieae, asteraceae).	complete chloroplast genome studies can help resolve relationships among large, complex plant lineages such as asteraceae. we present the first whole plastome from the madieae tribe and compare its sequence variation to other chloroplast genomes in asteraceae.	2014	24699541
effects of jatropha curcas oil in lactuca sativa root tip bioassays.	jatropha curcas l. (euphorbiaceae) is important for biofuel production and as a feed ingredient for animal. however, the presence of phorbol esters in the oil and cake renders the seeds toxic. the toxicity of j. curcas oil is currently assessed by testing in animals, leading to their death. the identification of toxic and nontoxic improved varieties is important for the safe use of j. curcas seeds and byproducts to avoid their environmental toxicity. hence, the aim of this study was to propose a ...	2014	24676174
phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity may be central to the strong invasive potential of brachiaria brizantha.	the grass brachiaria brizantha, native to eastern africa, becomes naturalized and dominant quickly in the non-native areas. it was hypothesized that phytotoxic chemical interaction between this plant and native plants may play an important role in the invasion of b. brizantha. however, no potent phytotoxic substance has been reported in this species. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic activity and searched for phytotoxic substances with allelopathic activity in b. brizantha. an aqu ...	2014	24655388
influence of green, red and blue light emitting diodes on multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic activity under different light intensities in lettuce leaves (lactuca sativa l.).	the objective of this study was to investigate the response of light emitting diodes (leds) at different light intensities (70 and 80 for green leds, 88 and 238 for red leds and 80 and 238 μmol m-2 s-1 for blue leds) at three wavelengths in lettuce leaves. lettuce leaves were exposed to (522 nm), red (639 nm) and blue (470 nm) leds of different light intensities. thylakoid multiprotein complex proteins and photosynthetic metabolism were then investigated. biomass and photosynthetic parameters in ...	2014	24642884
development and phytochemical characterization of high polyphenol red lettuce with anti-diabetic properties.	polyphenol-rich rutgers scarlet lettuce (rsl) (lactuca sativa l.) was developed through somaclonal variation and selection in tissue culture. rsl may contain among the highest reported contents of polyphenols and antioxidants in the category of common fruits and vegetables (95.6 mg/g dry weight and 8.7 mg/g fresh weight gallic acid equivalents and 2721 µmol/g dry weight and 223 µmol/g fresh weight trolox equivalents). three main compounds accumulate at particularly high levels in rsl: chlorogeni ...	2014	24637790
4',4‴,7,7″-tetra-o-methylcupressuflavone inhibits seed germination of lactuca sativa.	biflavonoids have been isolated from a wide variety of plant species, but little is known about their native biological functions. here we report a possible ecological role for biflavonoids by describing the isolation of the biflavonoid 4',4‴,7,7″-tetra-o-methylcupressuflavone (1) from araucaria columnaris and its inhibitory effect on seed germination. compound 1 was isolated from needles of a single a. columnaris specimen and inhibited germination of lactuca sativa seeds in a culture-dish assay ...	2014	24628372
retention of iceberg lettuce quality by low temperature storage and postharvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene or gibberellic acid.	this study was conducted to evaluate the changes in quality of iceberg lettuce during storage at different temperatures and the effects of postharvest treatments of 1-methylcyclopropene or gibberellic acid at high temperature. the results showed that quality of the lettuce was remarkably retained during storage at 0 °c, but significantly declined at 20 °c. however, quality of the vegetable at shelf-temperature (20 °c, 85 ~ 95% rh) was effectively delayed by the treatment with 1-methylcyclopropen ...	2014	24803702
effect of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of lettuce (lactuca sativa) seed on testosterone level and spermatogenesis in nmri mice.	one of the considerable uses of lettuce (lactuca sativa) seed in traditional medicine has been to reduce semen, sperm and sexuality.	2014	24799863
effect of the soil type on the microbiome in the rhizosphere of field-grown lettuce.	the complex and enormous diversity of microorganisms associated with plant roots is important for plant health and growth and is shaped by numerous factors. this study aimed to unravel the effects of the soil type on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of field-grown lettuce. we used an experimental plot system with three different soil types that were stored at the same site for 10 years under the same agricultural management to reveal differences directly linked to the soil type and not i ...	2014	24782839
effects of nitrogen fertilizers on the growth and nitrate content of lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).	nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development; however, due to environmental pollution, high nitrate concentrations accumulate in the edible parts of these leafy vegetables, particularly if excessive nitrogen fertilizer has been applied. consuming these crops can harm human health; thus, developing a suitable strategy for the agricultural application of nitrogen fertilizer is important. organic, inorganic, and liquid fertilizers were utilized in this study to investigate thei ...	2014	24758896
landfill wall revegetation combined with leachate recirculation: a convenient procedure for management of closed landfills.	there is a need for a reliable sustainable option to effectively manage the landfill leachate generation. this study presents a simple procedure for the revegetation of the walls of closed landfills, employing the leachate as a fertirrigant. the native plants lepidium sativum, lactuca sativa, and atriplex halimus, which suit the local climate, were chosen for this study in southern italy. the methodology was structured into three phases (i) early stage toxicity assessment phase (apical root leng ...	2014	24737024
phytotoxic steroidal saponins from agave offoyana leaves.	a bioassay-guided fractionation of agave offoyana leaves led to the isolation of five steroidal saponins (1-5) along with six known saponins (6-11). the compounds were identified as (25r)-spirost-5-en-2α,3β-diol-12-one 3-o-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-o-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-o-β-d-galactopyranoside} (1), (25r)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol-12-one 3-o-{α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-o-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl ...	2014	24939800
[emission of ch4, n2o and nh3 from vegetable field applied with animal manure composts].	greenhouse gas (ghg) emission from vegetable land is of great concern recently because agriculture land is one of the major sources contributing to global ghg emission. in this study, an experiment of lactuca sativa l. land applied with different animal manure composts was carried out in a greenhouse vegetable land located in the surburb of beijing to monitor the emission of ghg (ch4 and n2o) and ammonia in situ, and to analyze the affecting factors of ghg and ammonia emission. results showed th ...	2014	24881375
delineating ion-ion interactions by electrostatic modeling for predicting rhizotoxicity of metal mixtures to lettuce lactuca sativa.	effects of ion-ion interactions on metal toxicity to lettuce lactuca sativa were studied based on the electrical potential at the plasma membrane surface (ψ0 ). surface interactions at the proximate outside of the membrane influenced ion activities at the plasma membrane surface ({m(n+)}0). at a given free cu(2+) activity in the bulk medium ({cu(2+)}b), additions of na(+), k(+), ca(2+), and mg(2+) resulted in substantial decreases in {cu(2+)}0. additions of zn(2+) led to declines in {cu(2+)}0, b ...	2014	24863101
water-soluble compounds of lettuce inhibit dna damage and lipid peroxidation induced by glucose/serum deprivation in n2a cells.	oxidative stress, increase of lipid peroxidation and resultant dna damage are associated with pathophysiology of many human diseases such as acute and chronic cns injuries and diseases, cancer, and also aging. this work was done to investigate whether water fraction from the hydroalcoholic extract of green leaf lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) can protect n2a cells against glucose/serum deprivation (gsd)-induced lipid peroxidation and dna fragmentation. the cells were cultivated for 12 h in gsd condi ...	2014	25265820
phytotoxic action of naphthoquinone juglone demonstrated on lettuce seedling roots.	juglone, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, is the plant secondary metabolite with allelopathic properties, which was isolated especially from the plant species belonging to family juglandaceae a. rich. ex kunth (walnut family). the mechanism of phytotoxic action of juglone was investigated on lettuce seedlings lactuca sativa l. var. capitata l. cv. merkurion by determining its effect at different levels. we have found that juglone inhibits mitosis (mitotic index 8.5 ± 0.6% for control versus 2.2 ± 0 ...	2014	25240266
valorization of essential oils from moroccan aromatic plants.	the chemical composition and biological activity of cultivated and wild medicinal and aromatic plants from morocco (artemisia herba-alba, lippia citriodora, mentha pulegium, m. spicata, myrtus communis, rosmarinus officinalis, and thymus satureioides) are described. the essential oils (eos) of these species have been analyzed by gc-ms. the antifeedant, nematicidal and phytotoxic activities of the eos were tested on insect pests (spodoptera littoralis, myzus persicae and rhopalosiphum padi), root ...	2014	25233584
partial aphid resistance in lettuce negatively affects parasitoids.	this study investigated the effects of partial plant resistance on the lettuce aphid nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley) (hemiptera: aphididae), a major pest of cultivated lettuce (lactuca sativa l.), and one of its parasitoids, aphidius ervi haliday (hymenoptera: braconidae). aphids were reared on susceptible (l. sativa variety estival; s) or partially resistant (lactuca serriola l. pi 491093; pr) lettuce, and next parasitized by a. ervi females. fitness proxies were measured for both aphids and para ...	2014	25197882
climate warming may facilitate invasion of the exotic shrub lantana camara.	plant species show different responses to the elevated temperatures that are resulting from global climate change, depending on their ecological and physiological characteristics. the highly invasive shrub lantana camara occurs between the latitudes of 35 °n and 35 °s. according to current and future climate scenarios predicted by the climex model, climatically suitable areas for l. camara are projected to contract globally, despite expansions in some areas. the objective of this study was to te ...	2014	25184224
foliar exposure of the crop lactuca sativa to silver nanoparticles: evidence for internalization and changes in ag speciation.	the impact of engineered nanomaterials on plants, which act as a major point of entry of contaminants into trophic chains, is little documented. the foliar pathway is even less known than the soil-root pathway. however, significant inputs of nanoparticles (nps) on plant foliage may be expected due to deposition of atmospheric particles or application of np-containing pesticides. the uptake of ag-nps in the crop species lactuca sativa after foliar exposure and their possible biotransformation and ...	2014	24275476
effect of abiotic elicitation on main health-promoting compounds, antioxidant activity and commercial quality of butter lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).	the study presents changes in the phytochemical levels, antiradical activity and quality of lettuce caused by different chemical elicitors: arachidonic acid (aa), jasmonic acid (ja), and abscisic acid (aba). the application of 1 μm and 100 μm ja induced an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and phenolic acids. flavonoid levels were also increased after treatment with 100 μm aa and aba. some of the elicitor concentrations used also caused an increase in the ...	2014	24262554
cell-programmed death induced by walnut husk washing waters in three horticultural crops.	walnut husk washing waters (whww), a by-product of walnut production, are indiscriminately used for irrigation without preliminary risk assessment. basing on previous in vitro results on the toxicity of this by-product, we have followed the morphophysiological development of zea mays, lactuca sativa cv. gentilina and l. sativa cv. canasta under diluted and undiluted whww irrigation. significant development alterations have been observed in root and shoot elongations for all crops as well as in t ...	2014	24249681
use of hairy roots extracts for 2,4-dcp removal and toxicity evaluation by lactuca sativa test.	2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-dcp) is widely distributed in wastewaters discharged from several industries, and it is considered as a priority pollutant due to its high toxicity. in this study, the use of different peroxidase extracts for 2,4-dcp removal from aqueous solutions was investigated. tobacco hairy roots (hrs), wild-type (wt), and double-transgenic (dt) for tomato basic peroxidases (tpx1 and tpx2) were used to obtain different peroxidase extracts: total peroxidases (tpx), soluble peroxidases ...	2014	24085515
growth and phenolic compounds of lactuca sativa l. grown in a closed-type plant production system with uv-a, -b, or -c lamp.	the production of high-quality crops based on phytochemicals is a strategy for accelerating the practical use of plant factories. previous studies have demonstrated that ultraviolet (uv) light is effective in improving phytochemical production. this study aimed to determine the effect of various uv wavelengths on growth and phenolic compound accumulation in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) grown in a closed-type plant production system.	2014	23670268
physiological, phytochemical and structural changes of multi-leaf lettuce caused by salt stress.	environmental stress due to salt has been described to enhance lettuce processability, shelf life and consumer acceptability. moderate salinity causes altered leaf carotenoid, lignin, phenolic and flavonol levels without noticeable changes in the green colour and morphology of lettuce. the aim of this study was to understand the improvements in processability, due to salt stress, related to textural properties and structural characteristics.	2014	24170602
phenolic composition and related antioxidant properties in differently colored lettuces: a study by electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) kinetics.	differently colored lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) cultivars (green, green/red, and red) were studied to correlate their phenolic composition with their antioxidant kinetic behavior. electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) was employed to monitor decay kinetics of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph(•)), which allowed the identification of three differently paced antioxidants. the results showed that as long as lettuce had higher red pigmentation, the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity increased togeth ...	2014	25389053
abiotic stress qtl in lettuce crop-wild hybrids: comparing greenhouse and field experiments.	the development of stress-tolerant crops is an increasingly important goal of current crop breeding. a higher abiotic stress tolerance could increase the probability of introgression of genes from crops to wild relatives. this is particularly relevant to the discussion on the risks of new gm crops that may be engineered to increase abiotic stress resistance. we investigated abiotic stress qtl in greenhouse and field experiments in which we subjected recombinant inbred lines from a cross between ...	2014	25360276
evaluating darwin's naturalization hypothesis in experimental plant assemblages: phylogenetic relationships do not determine colonization success.	darwin's naturalization hypothesis (dnh) proposes that colonization is less likely when the colonizing species is related to members of the invaded community, because evolutionary closeness intensifies competition among species that share similar resources. studies that have evaluated dnh from correlational evidence have yielded controversial results with respect to its occurrence and generality. in the present study we carried out a set of manipulative experiments in which we controlled the phy ...	2014	25141013
salt stress mitigation by seed priming with uv-c in lettuce plants: growth, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds.	seeds of lactuca sativa l. 'romaine' were subjected to priming treatments with uv-c radiation at 0.85 or 3.42 kj m(-2). seedlings obtained from both primed (pr) and non-primed (npr) seeds were grown in an hydroponic culture system supplemented with 0 (control) or 100 mm nacl. after 21 days of nacl treatment, root and leaf biomass, root lengths, leaf numbers, and leaf surface area were measured. ions (na(+) and k(+)) accumulation was determined in roots and leaves. total phenolic compound and fla ...	2014	25133899
[effects of led spectrum combinations on the absorption of mineral elements of hydroponic lettuce].	lettuce (lactuca sativa) was hydroponically cultured in a completely enclosed plant factory, in which spectrum proportion-adjustable led panels were used as sole light source for plant growth. absorption and content of eleven mineral elements such as k, p, ca, mg, na, fe, mn, zn, cu, b and mo in lactuca sativa under different spectral component conditions were studied by icp -aes technology. the results showed that: (1) single or combined spectrums corresponding to the absorbing peaks of chlorop ...	2014	25095445
an analysis of electrical impedance measurements applied for plant n status estimation in lettuce (lactuca sativa).	nitrogen plays a key role in crop yields. hence, farmers may apply excessive n fertilizers to crop fields, inducing environmental pollution. crop n monitoring methods have been developed to improve n fertilizer management, most of them based on leaf or canopy optical-property measurements. however, sensitivity to environmental interference remains an important drawback. electrical impedance has been applied to determine the physiological and nutritional status of plant tissue, but no studies rel ...	2014	25057134
comparing three approaches in extending biotic ligand models to predict the toxicity of binary metal mixtures (cu-ni, cu-zn and cu-ag) to lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).	metals are always found in the environment as mixtures rather than as solitary elements. however, effect models such as biotic ligand models (blms) are usually derived for toxicity prediction of single metals. our study aimed at predicting mixture toxicity of cu-ni, cu-zn and cu-ag combinations to lettuce (lactucasativa l.) by combining blms with three toxicity indexes: the toxic unit, the overall amounts of metal ions bound to the biotic ligands and the toxic equivalency factor. the accumulatio ...	2014	25048917
trichoderma spp. alleviate phytotoxicity in lettuce plants (lactuca sativa l.) irrigated with arsenic-contaminated water.	the influence of two strains of trichoderma (t. harzianum strain t22 and t. atroviride strain p1) on the growth of lettuce plants (lactuca sativa l.) irrigated with as-contaminated water, and their effect on the uptake and accumulation of the contaminant in the plant roots and leaves, were studied. accumulation of this non-essential element occurred mainly into the root system and reduced both biomass development and net photosynthesis rate (while altering the plant p status). plant growth-promo ...	2014	25046759
phosphate/zinc interaction analysis in two lettuce varieties reveals contrasting effects on biomass, photosynthesis, and dynamics of pi transport.	inorganic phosphate (pi) and zinc (zn) are essential nutrients for normal plant growth. interaction between these elements has been observed in many crop plants. despite its agronomic importance, the biological significance and genetic basis of this interaction remain largely unknown. here we examined the pi/zn interaction in two lettuce (lactuca sativa) varieties, namely, "paris island cos" and "kordaat." the effects of variation in pi and zn supply were assessed on biomass and photosynthesis f ...	2014	25025059
use of propolis in the sanitization of lettuce.	the present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of propolis in reducing the microbial load in ready-to-eat (rte) and fresh whole head (fwh) lettuces (lactuca sativa l.) type batavia. two sanitizing solutions were employed: sodium hypochlorite (sh) and propolis (ps), during 15 and 30 min. tap water (tw) was used as a control. regarding the mean reduction on aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophic and fecal coliforms, the sh and ps treatments showed the same pattern of variation. in all cases, p ...	2014	25007823
invasive plant-derived biochar inhibits sulfamethazine uptake by lettuce in soil.	veterinary antibiotics are frequently detected in soils posing potential contamination of food crops. sulfamethazine (smt) uptake was investigated by lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) grown in the soils treated with/without biochar derived from an invasive plant, burcucumber (sicyos angulatus l.) (bbc700). soils were contaminated with smt at 5 and 50mgkg(-1), and treated with/without 5% bbc700 (ww(-1)). the lettuces were harvested after 5weeks of cultivation and were analyzed for smt by a high perform ...	2014	24997958
capture and accumulation of perchlorate in lettuce. effect of genotype, temperature, perchlorate concentration, and competition with anions.	various studies have evaluated the accumulation of clo4(-) in lettuce (lactuca sativa), but very few have dealt with the variables that can interfere with its capture. the present study evaluates the transfer of clo4(-) in two l. sativa varieties: butter head (l. sativa var. capitata) and cos lettuce (l. sativa var. crispa) under hydroponic conditions. the clo4(-) concentrations used correspond to levels (1 and 2mgl(-1)), measured in irrigation water in the iquique region in the north of chile. ...	2014	24997918
molecular cloning and characterization of the full-length hsp90 gene from matricaria recutita.	heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is one of the most abundant and conserved chaperone proteins and plays important roles in plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. however, little is known regarding the sequence and function of hsp90s in matricaria recutita. in the present study, we cloned the full-length cdna sequence of the hsp90 gene from this species. using rapid amplification of cdna ends technologies with 2 degenerate primers that were designed based on the hsp90 gene sequence fro ...	2014	25526220
[analysis of the mineral elements of lactuca sativa under the condition of different spectral components].	mineral elements absorption and content of lactuca sativa under different spectral component conditions were studied by icp-aes technology. the results showed that: (1) for lactuca sativa, the average proportion for ca : mg : k : na : p was 5.5 : 2.5 : 2.3 : 1.5 : 1.0, the average proportion for fe : mn : zn : cu : b was 25.9 : 5.9 : 2.8 : 1.1 : 1.0; (2) the absorptions for k, p, ca, mg and b are the largest under the led treatment r/b = 1 : 2.75, red light from fluorescent lamps and led can bot ...	2013	24159877
interrelationships of pollution load index, transfer factor, and concentration factor under the effect of sludge.	a greenhouse experiment was conducted during 2010-2011. a complete randomized blocks design was used including seven treatment levels of sludge(tons per hectare), i.e., 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and "30+ treated wastewater", in four replications. lettuce (lactuca sativa l var longifolia) was chosen as a test plant. the purpose of the experiment was to study the relationships between soil pollution load index, heavy metal transfer factor, and concentration factor and to determine optimum concentratio ...	2013	23073727
vanadium pentoxide phytotoxicity: effects of species selection and nutrient concentration.	vanadium concentrations in soil can be increased through anthropogenic inputs and can be harmful to plants. a petri dish experiment was conducted to assess the effect of vanadium toxicity on the germination and survival of the garden lettuce, lactuca sativa. a second study was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the influence of species selection and nutrient concentration on the toxicity of vanadium pentoxide to plants. l. sativa and four non-crop native plant species, two grasses (elymus ...	2013	23052358
light exposure during storage preserving soluble sugar and l-ascorbic acid content of minimally processed romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l.var. longifolia).	minimally processed romaine lettuce (mprl) leaves were stored in light condition (2500lux) or darkness at 4°c for 7d. light exposure significantly delayed the degradation of chlorophyll and decrease of glucose, reducing sugar, and sucrose content, and thus preserved more total soluble solid (tss) content at the end of storage in comparison with darkness. while, it did not influenced starch content that progressively decreased over time. the l-ascorbic acid (aa) accumulated in light-stored leaves ...	2013	23017423
a novel allelopathic substance, 13-epi-orthosiphol n, in orthosiphon stamineus.	orthosiphon stamineus (java tea) has been widely used as traditional herb and several bioactive compounds against animal cells have been isolated. however, no bioactive compound against plants has been reported. therefore, we investigated possible allelopathic properties and substances in o. stamineus. aqueous methanol extracts of o. stamineus inhibited root and hypocotyl growth of cress (lepidium sativum) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) seedlings. increasing the extract concentration increased the ...	2013	22959328
dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation on lettuce (lactuca sativa var. capitata) seedlings.	abstract purpose: the objectives of this study were to determine the effects of gamma radiation on lettuce growth and development, as well as on the content of photosynthetic pigments in 28 days lettuce leaf.	2013	23020834
influence of nutrient solutions in an open-field soilless system on the quality characteristics and shelf life of fresh-cut red and green lettuces (lactuca sativa l.) in different seasons.	little information is available about the impact of nutrient solution ion concentration on quality characteristics and shelf life of fresh-cut lettuce grown in soilless systems in open field. three lettuce genotypes, lollo rosso and red oak leaf as red-leafed genotypes and butterhead as green-leafed genotype, were studied. the influence of three nutrient solutions with low, medium and high ion concentrations, which varied in the macroanion (no₃⁻) and macrocations (k⁺, ca²⁺ and nh₄⁺), were compar ...	2013	22806347