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two cytochrome p450 genes are involved in imidacloprid resistance in field populations of the whitefly, bemisia tabaci, in china.the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera:aleyrodidae), is an invasive and damaging pest of field crops worldwide. the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid has been widely used to control this pest. we assessed the species composition (b vs. q), imidacloprid resistance, and association between imidacloprid resistance and the expression of five p450 genes for 14-17 b. tabaci populations in 12 provinces in china. fifteen of 17 populations contained only b. tabaci q, and tw ...201324267696
use of fluorescence, a novel technique to determine reduction in bemisia tabaci (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) nymph feeding when exposed to benevia and other insecticides.the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), is an economically important pest in the united states and other countries. growers in many places rely on the use of insecticides to reduce populations of b. tabaci. however, insecticides may take a few days to cause b. tabaci mortality and some do not reduce feeding before death. earlier reduction of feeding of whiteflies would decrease the physiological effects on plants, reduce the production of sooty mold and potentially reduce the tran ...201323786044
investigating contact toxicity of geranium and artemisia essential oils on bemisia tabaci gen.sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gen. (b. tabaci), is one of the most important pests of various greenhouse crops in iran. nowadays, chemical insecticides are broadly used for control of the pests that causes risk to consumer's health. for the first time, contact toxicity of pelargonium roseum andrews and artemisia sieberi besser essential oils on b. tabaci and its possible application against the whitefly was evaluated in 2012.201325050264
transcriptome analysis to identify putative floral-specific genes and flowering regulatory-related genes of sweet potato.sweet potato flowers were collected for a transcriptome analysis to identify the putative floral-specific and flowering regulatory-related genes by using the rna-sequencing technique. pair-end short reads were de novo assembled by an integrated strategy, and then the floral transcriptome was carefully compared with several published vegetative transcriptomes. a total of 2595 putative floral-specific and 2928 putative vegetative-specific transcripts were detected. we also identified a large numbe ...201324200775
tomato spotted wilt virus infection reduces the fitness of a nonvector herbivore on pepper.plant pathogens and insect herbivores often share hosts under natural conditions. hence, pathogen-induced changes in a host plant can affect the herbivore and vice versa. even though plant viruses are ubiquitous in the field, little is known about plant-mediated interactions between viruses and nonvector herbivores. here we tested whether the performance of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) biotype q, was altered when raised on pepper infected with tomato spotted wilt virus ( ...201323786083
biguanide related compounds in traditional antidiabetic functional foods.biguanides such as metformin are widely used worldwide for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. the identification of guanidine and related compounds in french lilac plant (galega officinalis l.) led to the development of biguanides. despite of their plant origin, biguanides have not been reported in plants. the objective of this study was to quantify biguanide related compounds (brcs) in experimentally or clinically substantiated antidiabetic functional plant foods and potatoes. the corrected resu ...201323411283
childhood malnutrition in the western province of the solomon islands.cross-sectional anthropometric studies conducted in the western province of the solomon islands indicate that over half the children become malnourished before the age of 2 years, regardless of the nutritional indicator (weight for age, weight for height, height for age) used. in comparison to reference children, weight gain slows from the age of 6 months and mean weight is static from 9-17 months. stunting is more important than wasting. dietary research suggests that the principle cause of thi ...20133765099
[study of red color development of sweet potato epidermis by treatment with phosphate preparations]. 20123567432
cloning a peanut resveratrol synthase gene and its expression in purple sweet potato.a resveratrol synthase gene was cloned from the peanut plant (arachis hypogaea) by rt-pcr and was transformed into purple sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. stem sections were infected with bacterial solution of od(600) = 0.4 for 20 min and then cocultured for 2 days. infected explants were cultured on ms media containing 50 mg/l kanamycin, 0.02 mg/l naa and 1 mg/l 6-ba for bud induction or containing 75 mg/l kanamycin, 1.0 mg/l naa and 0.1 mg/l 6-ba for roo ...201221932029
Expression of a cloned sweet potato catalase SPCAT1 alleviates ethephon-mediated leaf senescence and H(2)O(2) elevation.In this report a full-length cDNA, SPCAT1, was isolated from ethephon-treated mature L3 leaves of sweet potato. SPCAT1 contained 1479 nucleotides (492 amino acids) in its open reading frame, and exhibited high amino acid sequence identities (ca. 71.2-80.9%) with several plant catalases, including Arabidopsis, eggplant, grey mangrove, pea, potato, tobacco and tomato. Gene structural analysis showed that SPCAT1 encoded a catalase and contained a putative conserved internal peroxisomal targeting si ...201221893366
cloning and characterization of a sweet potato calmodulin spcam that participates in ethephon-mediated leaf senescence, h(2)o(2) elevation and senescence-associated gene expression.in this report a full-length cdna, spcam, was isolated from ethephon-treated mature leaves of sweet potato. spcam contained 450 nucleotides (149 amino acids) in its open reading frame, and exhibited high amino acid sequence identities (ca. 76-100%) with several plant calmodulins, including arabidopsis, carrot, ghost needle weed, pea, potato, soybean, sweet chestnut, and tobacco. sweet potato spcam also contained four putative conserved calmodulin ef-hand motifs, which responded for ca(2+) bindin ...201222226342
immunomodulatory effects of alliums and ipomoea batata extracts on lymphocytes and macrophages functions in white leghorn chickens: in vitro study.we previously described that supplementary garlic, onion and purple sweet potato (psp) enhance humoral immune response in white leghorn chickens. in the present in vitro study, we investigated the effects of garlic (ge), onion (oe) and psp (pspe) extracts on proliferation, interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (inf)-γ gene expression of stimulated lymphocytes. the effects on microbicidal activity, reactive oxygen species (ros) and nitric oxide (no) productions of stimulated peritoneal macrophages we ...201222250742
transgenic sweet potato expressing thionin from barley gives resistance to black rot disease caused by ceratocystis fimbriata in leaves and storage roots.black rot of sweet potato caused by pathogenic fungus ceratocystis fimbriata severely deteriorates both growth of plants and post-harvest storage. antimicrobial peptides from various organisms have broad range activities of killing bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi. plant thionin peptide exhibited anti-fungal activity against c. fimbriata. a gene for barley α-hordothionin (αht) was placed downstream of a strong constitutive promoter of e12ω or the promoter of a sweet potato gene for β-amylase of ...201222212462
fastannotator--an efficient transcript annotation web tool.recent developments in high-throughput sequencing (hts) technologies have made it feasible to sequence the complete transcriptomes of non-model organisms or metatranscriptomes from environmental samples. the challenge after generating hundreds of millions of sequences is to annotate these transcripts and classify the transcripts based on their putative functions. because many biological scientists lack the knowledge to install linux-based software packages or maintain databases used for transcri ...201223281853
time-dose-mortality data and modeling for the entomopathogenic fungus aschersonia placenta against the whitefly bemisia tabaci.the fungus aschersonia placenta fjsm was evaluated for control of the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. bemisia tabaci nymphs (1st-4th instars) on tomato plants in the greenhouse (25-27 °c, 70%-85% relative humidity) were sprayed with suspensions containing 0, 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), or 10(8) a. placenta fjsm conidia/ml. mortality of fungus-treated 1st to 3rd instar nymphs ranged from 93% to 100% but was <25% for 4th instar nymphs; the fungus sporulated from 70% to 80% of the fungus-tre ...201223461516
role of arabidopsis a-fifteen in regulating leaf senescence involves response to reactive oxygen species and is dependent on ethylene insensitive2.leaf senescence is a highly regulated developmental process that is coordinated by several factors. many senescence-associated genes (sags) have been identified, but their roles during senescence remain unclear. a sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) sag, named spa15, whose function was unknown, was identified previously. to understand the role of spa15 in leaf senescence further, the orthologue of spa15 in arabidopsis thaliana was identified and characterized, and it was named arabidopsis a-fifteen ( ...201221940719
genome sequences of the primary endosymbiont "candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum" in the whitefly bemisia tabaci b and q biotypes."candidatus portiera aleyrodidarum" is the obligate primary endosymbiotic bacterium of whiteflies, including the sweet potato whitefly bemisia tabaci, and provides essential nutrients to its host. here we report two complete genome sequences of this bacterium from the b and q biotypes of b. tabaci.201223144417
molecular characterization and an infectious clone construction of sweet potato leaf curl virus (splcv) isolated from korea.sweet potato leaf curl disease (splcd) was primarily identified in sweet potato fields in korea in 2003, and the complete genomic sequence of sweet potato leaf curl virus (splcv) has been cloned. the genome of the korean splcv isolate (splcv-kr) comprises 2,828 nucleotides with six open reading frames in dna-a, similar to a monopartite begomovirus. additionally, neither the genome b genomic component nor the dna beta sequence was detected. the results of phylogenetic analysis using the maximum p ...201223043598
viruses in sweetpotato.sweetpotato in the mediterranean is mainly grown in egypt, spain, portugal, and israel. yields vary from 34 tons/ha in israel to 7.8 tons/ha in portugal. as sweetpotatoes are vegetatively propagated, the differences in yields are probably due to the quality in the propagation material, mainly infection by various viruses. the main viruses affecting sweetpotato in mediterranean countries are sweet potato feathery mottle virus potyvirus, sweet potato sunken vein virus (sweet potato chlorotic stunt ...201222682172
complete nucleotide sequence of an argentinean isolate of sweet potato virus g.sweet potato virus g belongs to the largest plant virus genus potyvirus. this virus was detected for the first time in argentina and then sequenced using the method of next-generation pyrosequencing. the complete genome was found to be 10,798 nucleotides excluding the poly-a tail with a predicted genome organization typical for a member of the genus potyvirus. this is the first report of the complete genomic sequence of a spvg isolated from south america.201222826154
eggplant mild leaf mottle virus (emlmv), a new putative member of the genus ipomovirus that harbors an hc-pro gene.since 2003, a new viral disease of eggplant (solanum melongena l.) has been spreading in fields in the jordan and arava valleys, israel. the symptoms of this disease include mild leaf mottling and varying degrees of fruit distortion. this disease can be transmitted by mechanical sap inoculation, as well as by the whitefly bemisia tabaci (homoptera, aleyrodidae) and has been tentatively named eggplant mild leaf mottle virus (emlmv). our study aimed to determine the complete sequence and genome or ...201222086504
analysis of the tomato mild mottle virus genome indicates that it is the most divergent member of the genus ipomovirus (family potyviridae).the complete genome of a tomato mild mottle virus (tommv) isolate was analysed, and some biological features were characterized. the ssrna genome of tommv from ethiopia encompasses 9283 nucleotides (excluding the 3' poly(a) tail) and encodes a polyprotein of 3011 amino acids. phylogenetic and pairwise comparisons with other members of the family potyviridae revealed that tommv is the most divergent member of the genus ipomovirus, with a genome organization similar to that of members of the speci ...201222080188
identification and validation of reference genes to study the gene expression in gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus grown in different carbon sources using rt-qpcr.gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain pal5 is a nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacterium originally isolated from sugarcane and later on was found to colonize other plants such as rice, elephant grass, sweet potato, coffee, and pineapple. currently, g. diazotrophicus has been considered a plant growth-promoting bacterium due to its characteristics of biological nitrogen fixation, phytohormone secretion, solubilization of mineral nutrients and antagonism to phytopathogens. reverse transcription fol ...201222814372
a dithiol glutaredoxin cdna from sweet potato (ipomoea batatas [l.] lam): enzyme properties and kinetic studies.glutaredoxins (grx) play an important role in reduction of protein glutathione mixed disulphides. an ibgrx cdna (561 bp, ef362614) encoding a putative dithiol grx was cloned from sweet potato (ipomoea batatas [l.] lam). the deduced amino acid sequence is conserved among the reported dithiol grx, having a cgyc dithiol motif at the active site. a 3-d structural model was created based on the known crystal structure of a poplar grx (grxc1). to characterise the ibgrx protein, the coding region was s ...201222288388
fermentation by amylolytic lactic acid bacteria and consequences for starch digestibility of plantain, breadfruit, and sweet potato flours.the potential of tropical starchy plants such as plantain (musa paradisiaca), breadfruit (artocarpus communis), and sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) for the development of new fermented foods was investigated by exploiting the capacity of some lactic acid bacteria to hydrolyze starch. the amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (alab) lactobacillus plantarum a6 and lactobacillus fermentum ogi e1 were able to change the consistency of thick sticky gelatinized slurries of these starchy fruits and tubers int ...201222860595
influence of cofermentation by amylolytic lactobacillus plantarum and lactococcus lactis strains on the fermentation process and rheology of sorghum porridge.amylolytic lactic acid bacteria (alab) can potentially replace malt in reducing the viscosity of starchy porridges. however, the drawback of using alab is their low and delayed amylolytic activity. this necessitates searching for efficient alab and strategies to improve their amylolytic activity. two alab, lactobacillus plantarum mnc 21 and lactococcus lactis mnc 24, isolated from obushera, were used to ferment starches in mrs broth: sorghum, millet, sweet potato, and commercial soluble starch. ...201222610432
comparative proteomic study between tuberous roots of light orange- and purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars.this study compares the differences in proteomes expressed in tuberous roots of a light orange-fleshed sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. cultivar yulmi) and a purple-fleshed sweetpotato cultivar (shinjami). more than 370 protein spots were reproducibly detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, in which 35 spots were up-regulated (yulmi vs. shinjami) or uniquely expressed (only yulmi or shinjami) in either of the two cultivars. of these 35 protein spots, 23 were expressed in yulmi and ...201222794925
phylogenetic relationships of closely related potyviruses infecting sweet potato determined by genomic characterization of sweet potato virus g and sweet potato virus 2.complete nucleotide sequences of sweet potato virus g (spvg) and sweet potato virus 2 (spv2) were determined to be 10,800 and 10,731 nucleotides, respectively, excluding the 3'-poly(a) tail. their genomic organizations are typical of potyviruses, encoding a polyprotein which is likely cleaved into 10 mature proteins by three viral proteinases. conserved motifs of orthologous proteins of viruses in the genus potyvirus are found in corresponding positions of both viruses. pairwise comparisons of i ...201222562225
integrative biological hydrogen production: an overview.biological hydrogen (h2) production by dark and photo-fermentative organisms is a promising area of research for generating bioenergy. a large number of organisms have been widely studied for producing h2 from diverse feeds, both as pure and as mixed cultures. however, their h2 producing efficiencies have been found to vary (from 3 to 8 mol/mol hexose) with physiological conditions, type of organisms and composition of feed (starchy waste from sweet potato, wheat, cassava and algal biomass). the ...201224426072
glycosylation of trans-resveratrol by plant-cultured cells.plant-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus converted trans-resveratrol into its 3-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, 4'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-o-(6-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 3-o-(6-o-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside. the 3-o-(6-o-β-d-xylopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside and 3-o-(6-o-α-l-arabinopyranosyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside compounds of trans-resveratrol are both new. incubation of plant-cultured cells of ipomoea batatas and strophanthus gratus with trans-resveratrol gave trans ...201222878209
switching on rna silencing suppressor activity by restoring argonaute binding to a viral protein.we found that sweet potato feathery mottle virus (spfmv) p1, a close homologue of sweet potato mild mottle virus p1, did not have any silencing suppressor activity. remodeling the argonaute (ago) binding domain of spfmv p1 by the introduction of two additional wg/gw motifs converted it to a silencing suppressor with ago binding capacity. to our knowledge, this is the first instance of the transformation of a viral protein of unknown function to a functional silencing suppressor.201222623784
a hemolymph major anionic peptide, hemap, motivates feeding behavior in the sweetpotato hornworm, agrius convolvuli.we recently identified a novel feeding-modulating peptide, hemolymph major anionic peptide (hemap), designated bommo-hemap (b-hemap), from hemolymph of the silkworm bombyx mori. b-hemap has a unique biological activity in modulating the regular frequency of feeding motivation, which is accompanied by increased foraging behaviors. to confirm the conservation of the hemap-regulated feeding mechanism in lepidopteran species, we purified and sequenced two candidate peptides from the hemolymph of lar ...201222035292
determination of acrylamide in thai-conventional snacks from nong mon market, chonburi using gc-ms technique.acrylamide in thai-conventional snacks was analysed by gc/ms with a linear response ranged of 5-50 µg and r² > 0.99. the limit of detection (s/n = 3) and limit of quantification (s/n = 10) were 4 and 15 µg kg⁻¹, respectively, and rsd < 2%. acrylamide in 19 food samples ranged from <15 µg kg⁻¹ to 1.26 mg kg⁻¹ with highest concentrations in kanom jak. moderate levels (150-500 µg kg⁻¹) were detected mostly in deep-fried products, especially sweet potato and taro crisps, kanom kai hong, banana fritt ...201224779691
genetic identification of two sweet-potato-infecting begomoviruses in south africa.the complete genome sequences of two monopartite begomovirus isolates (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) that occurred either alone or in mixed infection in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) plants collected in waterpoort, south africa, are presented. one of the isolates corresponds to sweet potato mosaic-associated virus (spmav; spmav-[za:wp:2011]), with which it shared 98.5 % nucleotide identity, whereas the second isolate corresponds to a new variant of sweet potato leaf curl sao paulo vi ...201222814698
simultaneous detection and differentiation of four closely related sweet potato potyviruses by a multiplex one-step rt-pcr.four closely related potyviruses, sweet potato feathery mottle virus (spfmv), sweet potato virus c (spvc), sweet potato virus g (spvg) and/or sweet potato virus 2 (spv2), are involved in sweet potato virus disease complexes worldwide. identification and detection of these viruses are complicated by high similarity among their genomic sequences, frequent occurrence as mixed infections and low titer in many sweet potato cultivars. a one-tube multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (mrt-pcr) assay was ...201222827958
application of low-cost algal nitrogen source feeding in fuel ethanol production using high gravity sweet potato medium.protein-rich bloom algae biomass was employed as nitrogen source in fuel ethanol fermentation using high gravity sweet potato medium containing 210.0 g l(-1) glucose. in batch mode, the fermentation could not accomplish even in 120 h without any feeding of nitrogen source. while, the feeding of acid-hydrolyzed bloom algae powder (ahbap) notably promoted fermentation process but untreated bloom algae powder (ubap) was less effective than ahbap. the fermentation times were reduced to 96, 72, and 7 ...201222387426
ectopic expression of sweet potato mus1 increases acquired stress tolerance and fermentation yield in saccharomyces cerevisiae.the mus1 gene is highly homologous to many stress-related proteins in plants. here, we characterized whether a new candidate gene, mus1, is related to multiple stress tolerance in yeast as it is in plants. transgenic yeast strain expressing mus1 were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide, menadione, high salinity, metals (i.e., cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc), ethanol, and lactic acid than wild-type strain transformed with a vector alone. in addition, the alcohol yield of the transgenic yeast str ...201222752921
ileal digestibility of amino acids of cassava, sweet potato, cocoyam and erythrina foliages fed to growing pigs.ileal digestibility in growing pigs fed starch-based diets with inclusion of four tropical leaves in a meal form was studied in a 5 × 5 latin square design. five diets were formulated with only casein as protein source in the basal diet (cas), and casein plus dry cassava (ca) leaves, casein plus dry sweet potato (sp) leaves, casein plus dry cocoyam (co) leaves and casein plus erythrina (er) leaves in the other four diets. all diets contained the same amount of cp (14%), either provided by only c ...201222436274
sweet potato-based complementary food for infants in low-income countries.in low-income countries, most infants are given cereal-based complementary foods prepared at the household level. such foods are high in phytate, which limits the bioavailability of nutrients, including iron, calcium, zinc, and in some cases proteins, which are crucial to the development of infants.201222624294
a sweetpotato srd1 promoter confers strong root-, taproot-, and tuber-specific expression in arabidopsis, carrot, and potato.harvestable, starch-storing organs of plants, such as fleshy taproots and tubers, are important agronomic products that are also suitable target organs for use in the molecular farming of recombinant proteins due to their strong sink strength. to exploit a promoter directing strong expression restricted to these storage organs, we isolated the promoter region (3.0 kb) of srd1 from sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas cv. 'white star') and characterized its activity in transgenic arabidopsis, carrot, and ...201221660481
molecular cloning and characterization of a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase gene from purple-fleshed sweet potato (ipomoea batatas).flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h: ec 1.14.13.21) is an important enzyme which determines the hydroxylation pattern of anthocyanins. in this study, the full-length cdna and genomic dna of f3'h were isolated and characterized from the purple-fleshed sweet potato (ipomoea batatas). ibf3''h was 1,789 bp containing a 1,554 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 518 amino acids. comparative and bioinformatic analysis revealed that ibf3'h was highly homologous with f3'hs from other plant species. conserved ...201221603861
[chemical constituents from the tubers of ipomoea batata].to investigate the chemical constituents from the tubers of ipomoea batata.201223236827
stable internal reference genes for the normalization of real-time pcr in different sweetpotato cultivars subjected to abiotic stress conditions.reverse transcription quantitative real-time pcr (rt-qpcr) has become one of the most widely used methods for gene expression analysis, but its successful application depends on the stability of suitable reference genes used for data normalization. in plant studies, the choice and optimal number of reference genes must be experimentally determined for the specific conditions, plant species, and cultivars. in this study, ten candidate reference genes of sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas) were isolated ...201223251557
attack of two new spider mites on sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) in diamantina, minas gerais state, brazil. 201223295532
oxidative comparison of emulsion systems from fish oil-based structured lipid versus physically blended lipid with purple-fleshed sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) extracts.the effects of the purple-fleshed sweet potato extract (pfspe) on oxidation stabilities of a model oil-in-water emulsion prepared with enzymatically synthesized fish oil-soybean oil structured lipid (sl) versus physically blended lipid (pbl) without modification were evaluated. the anthocyanins in pfspe were analyzed and identified by hplc-ms. the fatty acid composition of sl was similar to that of pbl, except palmitic acid (1.48 in pbl and 9.61% in sl) and linoleic acid (62.47 in pbl and 49.58% ...201222117614
defensin protein from sweet potato (ipomoea batatas [l.] lam 'tainong 57') storage roots exhibits antioxidant activities in vitro and ex vivo.this study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities of sweet potato defensin (spd1) in vitro and ex vivo. antioxidant status [2,2'-azinobis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (abts) assay], scavenging activity against dpph (1,1-dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical method, reducing power method, fe(2+)-chelating ability, ftc (ferric thiocyanate) method, and protection of calf thymus dna against hydroxyl radical-induced damage were studied in vitro. the ex vivo experiments revealed ...201222953797
down-regulation of β-carotene hydroxylase increases β-carotene and total carotenoids enhancing salt stress tolerance in transgenic cultured cells of sweetpotato.sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas lam.) is an important industrial crop and source of food that contains useful components, including antioxidants such as carotenoids. β-carotene hydroxylase (chy-β) is a key regulatory enzyme in the beta-beta-branch of carotenoid biosynthesis and it catalyzes hydroxylation into both β-carotene to β-cryptoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin to zeaxanthin. to increase the β-carotene content of sweetpotato through the inhibition of further hydroxylation of β-carotene, the effec ...201222154923
ipomoelin, a jacalin-related lectin with a compact tetrameric association and versatile carbohydrate binding properties regulated by its n terminus.many proteins are induced in the plant defense response to biotic stress or mechanical wounding. one group is lectins. ipomoelin (ipo) is one of the wound-inducible proteins of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas cv. tainung 57) and is a jacalin-related lectin (jrl). in this study, we resolved the crystal structures of ipo in its apo form and in complex with carbohydrates such as methyl α-d-mannopyranoside (me-man), methyl α-d-glucopyranoside (me-glc), and methyl α-d-galactopyranoside (me-gal) in diff ...201222808208
micror828 regulates lignin and h2o2 accumulation in sweet potato on wounding.micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by directing mrna cleavage or translational inhibition. mirnas play multiple roles in the growth, development and stress responses in plants. however, little is known of the wounding-responsive mirnas and their regulation. here, we investigated the expression patterns of micror828 (mir828) on wounding in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas cv tainung 57). the expression of mir828 was only detected in leav ...201222931461
infrared drying of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) slices.the effect of different infrared power levels (104, 125, 146 and 167 w) on drying kinetics and rehydration ratio of sweet potato slices was investigated. it was observed that the power levels affected the drying time and rehydration ratio. the increase in infrared power level decreased the drying time. the experimental data obtained from drying study were fitted with newton, henderson and pabis and logarithmic models to evaluate the drying kinetics of the sweet potato slices. the fit quality of ...201224293696
a modified template for microtia reconstruction tested by surgical simulation on ipomoea batatas. 201223018734
genetic diversity and recombination analysis of sweepoviruses from brazil.monopartite begomoviruses (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) that infect sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) around the world are known as sweepoviruses. because sweet potato plants are vegetatively propagated, the accumulation of viruses can become a major constraint for root production. mixed infections of sweepovirus species and strains can lead to recombination, which may contribute to the generation of new recombinant sweepoviruses.201223082767
chemical optimization of protein extraction from sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) peel.proteins isolated from sweet potatoes (ipomoea batatas) have been shown to possess antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antiproliferative properties. the objective of this study was to chemically optimize a process for extracting proteins from sweet potato peel. the extraction procedure involved mixing peel with saline solvent to dissolve proteins and then precipitating with cacl(2). quadratic and segmented models were used to determine the optimum nacl concentration and peel to solvent ratio to maxim ...201223163903
sweet potato for type 2 diabetes mellitus.sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) is among the most nutritious subtropical and tropical vegetables. it is also used in traditional medicine practices for type 2 diabetes mellitus. research in animal and human models suggests a possible role of sweet potato in glycaemic control.201222336861
molecular characterization of two ethylene response factor genes in sweetpotato that respond to stress and activate the expression of defense genes in tobacco leaves.two ethylene response factor (erf) genes, iberf1 and iberf2, were isolated from a library of expressed sequence tags (est) prepared from suspension-cultured cells and dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas). the deduced iberfs contained a nuclear localization signal and the ap2/erf dna-binding domain. rt-pcr analysis revealed that iberf1 was expressed abundantly during the growth of suspension-cultured cells, whereas the expression levels of iberf2 transcripts were hig ...201222459326
a proteomic analysis of storage stress responses in ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. tuberous root.during post-harvest storage, tuberous roots of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l. lam.) usually undergo a biotic and abiotic stress influencing protein expression pattern and substance contents. this research compared the change of total proteins and carbohydrate content in tuberous roots of sweet potato during the storage period. the result of the two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that there were 25 differentially expressed proteins between day 0 and day 75 during the storage. ...201222547271
digital gene expression analysis based on integrated de novo transcriptome assembly of sweet potato [ipomoea batatas (l.) lam].sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l. [lam.]) ranks among the top six most important food crops in the world. it is widely grown throughout the world with high and stable yield, strong adaptability, rich nutrient content, and multiple uses. however, little is known about the molecular biology of this important non-model organism due to lack of genomic resources. hence, studies based on high-throughput sequencing technologies are needed to get a comprehensive and integrated genomic resource and better ...201222558397
improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses in transgenic sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) expressing spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.abiotic stresses are critical delimiters for the increased productivity and cultivation expansion of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance. the increased production of glycine betaine (gb) improves plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses without strong phenotypic changes, providing a feasible approach to improve stable yield production under unfavorable conditions. the gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) is involved in the biosynthesis of gb in ...201222615986
advances in functional use of sweet potato, [ipomoea batatas (l.) lam].this article reviews the patents that have been presented over the past two decades related to alternative functional use of the sweet potato, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. the major categories of available patents include alternative food products such as sweet potato chips and fries, sweet potato ornamental products, and fuel ethanol production from sweet potato. the majority of recent patents fall under the category of ornamental products and alternative food products, with only a few fuel ethano ...201222741930
stability of carotenoids, total phenolics and in vitro antioxidant capacity in the thermal processing of orange-fleshed sweet potato (ipomoea batatas lam.) cultivars grown in brazil.intervention strategies regarding the biofortification of orange-fleshed sweet potato, which is a rich source of carotenoids for combating vitamin a deficiency, are being developed in brazil. this study was conducted to evaluate the concentrations of individual carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in the roots of four biofortified sweet potato cultivars that were raw or processed by four common heat treatments. hplc, folin-ciocalteu, dpph and abts assays were used. all ...201222802046
nitric oxide activates superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase to repress the cell death induced by wounding.wounding caused by rain, wind, and pathogen may lead plants to onset defense response. previous studies indicated that mechanical wounding stimulates plants to generate nitric oxide (no) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)). in this study, the functions of no and h(2)o(2) after wounding in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas cv. tainung 57) was further analyzed. mechanical wounding damaged cells and resulted in necrosis, but the presence of no donors or no scavenger might reduce or enhance the cell death ...201121833542
occurrence of line, gypsy-like, and copia-like retrotransposons in the clonally propagated sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.).retrotransposons are a class of transposable elements that represent a major fraction of the repetitive dna of most eukaryotes. their abundance stems from their expansive replication strategies. we screened and isolated sequence fragments of long terminal repeat (ltr), gypsy-like reverse transcriptase (rt) and gypsy-like envelope (env) domains, and two partial sequences of non-ltr retrotransposons, long interspersed element (line), in the clonally propagated allohexaploid sweet potato (ipomoea b ...201121756057
relationship between processing method and the glycemic indices of ten sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) cultivars commonly consumed in jamaica.this study investigated the effect of different traditional cooking methods on glycemic index (gi) and glycemic response of ten sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) cultivars commonly eaten in jamaica. matured tubers were cooked by roasting, baking, frying, or boiling then immediately consumed by the ten nondiabetic test subjects (5 males and 5 females; mean age of 27 ± 2 years). the gi varied between 41 ± 5-93 ± 5 for the tubers studied. samples prepared by boiling had the lowest gi (41 ± 5-50 ± 3), ...201122132322
batatins iii-vi, glycolipid ester-type dimers from ipomoea batatas.batatins iii-vi (1-4), glycolipid ester-type dimers, were isolated from the tuberous roots of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) using recycle high performance liquid chromatography. their structures were characterized by means of several high-resolution nmr and mass spectrometry techniques. these compounds are the first examples of ester-type dimers which consist of two units of the heterotetrasaccharide operculinic acid c. each unit was esterified by a different amount and type of acid residues: ( ...201121453944
relative susceptibility of two sweetpotato varieties to storage root damage by sweetpotato flea beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) and wireworm (coleoptera: elateridae).the feeding of soil dwelling insects on storage roots is one of the most serious management issues faced by sweetpotato, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam. (convolvulaceae), growers in the southern united states. field studies were conducted to evaluate the relative susceptibility of two commonly grown sweetpotato varieties to sweetpotato flea beetle, chaetocnema confinis crotch (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), and wireworms (coleoptera: elateridae, various species). the incidence and severity of sweetpotato ...201121404851
sweetpotato late embryogenesis abundant 14 (iblea14) gene influences lignification and increases osmotic- and salt stress-tolerance of transgenic calli.late embryogenesis abundant 14 (lea14) cdna was isolated from an est library prepared from dehydration-treated fibrous roots of sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas). quantitative rt-pcr revealed a variety of different iblea14 expression patterns under various abiotic stress conditions. iblea14 expression was strongly induced by dehydration, nacl and abscisic acid treatments in sweetpotato plants. transgenic sweetpotato non-embryogenic calli harboring iblea14 overexpression or rnai vectors under the con ...201121136074
scof-1-expressing transgenic sweetpotato plants show enhanced tolerance to low-temperature stress.low-temperature stress represents one of the principal limitations affecting the distribution and productivity of many plant species, including crops such as sweetpotato. transgenic sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas l. cv. yulmi) plants expressing the soybean cold-inducible zinc finger protein (scof-1) under control of an oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (swpa2) promoter (referred to as sf plants), were developed and evaluated for enhanced tolerance to low-temperature conditions. following 4 °c ...201122078381
characterization and development of est-derived ssr markers in cultivated sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas).currently there exists a limited availability of genetic marker resources in sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas), which is hindering genetic research in this species. it is necessary to develop more molecular markers for potential use in sweetpotato genetic research. with the newly developed next generation sequencing technology, large amount of transcribed sequences of sweetpotato have been generated and are available for identifying ssr markers by data mining.201122011271
meta-analysis of the effect of herbal supplement on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.a variety of herbs has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes. however, evidence is limited regarding the efficacy of individual herbs for glycemic control. we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of herbal supplement on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.201121843614
indirect determination of sulfite using a polyphenol oxidase biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles within a poly(allylamine hydrochloride) film.the modification of a glassy carbon electrode with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles within a poly(allylamine hydrochloride) film for the development of a biosensor is proposed. this approach provides an efficient method used to immobilize polyphenol oxidase (ppo) obtained from the crude extract of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas (l.) lam.). the principle of the analytical method is based on the inhibitory effect of sulfite on the activity of ppo, in the reduction reaction of o- ...201122099673
an arsenate reductase homologue possessing phosphatase activity from sweet potato (ipomoea batatas [l.] lam): kinetic studies and characterization.a cdna encoding a putative arsenate reductase homologue (ibarsr) was cloned from sweet potato (ib). the deduced protein showed a high level of sequence homology (16-66%) with arsrs from other organisms. a 3-d homology structure was created based on atarsr (pdb code 1t3k ) from arabidopsis thaliana. the putative active site of protein tyrosine phosphatase (hc(x)(5)r) is conserved in all reported arsrs. ibarsr was overexpressed and purified. the monomeric nature of the enzyme was confirmed by 15% ...201121388125
biodepollution of wastewater containing phenolic compounds from leather industry by plant peroxidases.this study deals with the use of peroxidases (poxs) from allium sativum, ipomoea batatas, raphanus sativus and sorghum bicolor to catalyze the degradation of free phenolic compounds as well as phenolic compounds contained in wastewater from leather industry. secretory plant poxs were able to catalyze the oxidation of gallic acid, ferulic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol and 1,4-tyrosol prepared in ethanol 2% (v:v). efficiency of peroxidase catalysis depends strongly on the chemical nature ...201120803235
Sweepoviruses cause disease in sweet potato and related Ipomoea spp.: fulfilling Koch's postulates for a divergent group in the genus begomovirus.Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and related Ipomoea species are frequently infected by monopartite begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), known as sweepoviruses. Unlike other geminiviruses, the genomes of sweepoviruses have been recalcitrant to rendering infectious clones to date. Thus, Koch's postulates have not been fullfilled for any of the viruses in this group. Three novel species of sweepoviruses have recently been described in Spain: Sweet potato leaf curl Lanzarote virus ...201122073314
evidence that thaxtomin c is a pathogenicity determinant of streptomyces ipomoeae, the causative agent of streptomyces soil rot disease of sweetpotato.streptomyces ipomoeae is the causal agent of streptomyces soil rot of sweetpotato, a disease marked by highly necrotic destruction of adventitious roots, including the development of necrotic lesions on the fleshy storage roots. streptomyces potato scab pathogens produce a phytotoxin (thaxtomin a) that appears to facilitate their entrance into host plants. s. ipomoeae produces a less-modified thaxtomin derivative (thaxtomin c) whose role in pathogenicity has not been examined. here, we cloned ...201122088193
biofortification: a new tool to reduce micronutrient malnutrition.the density of minerals and vitamins in food staples eaten widely by the poor may be increased either through conventional plant breeding or through the use of transgenic techniques, a process known as biofortification.201121717916
phytochemical screening, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the crude leaves' extract from ipomoea batatas (l.) lam.ipomoea batatas (l.) lam., popularly known as sweet potato (sp), has played an important role as an energy and a phytochemical source in human nutrition and animal feeding. ethnopharmacological data show that sp leaves have been effectively used in herbal medicine to treat inflammatory and/or infectious oral diseases in brazil. the aim of this research was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of the crude leaves' extract of sp leaves.201121716926
[effect of purple sweet potato flavonids on metabolism of glucose and lipids in diabetic rats].to investigate the effects of purple sweet potato flavonoids (pspf) on blood glucose and lipids levels in diabetic rats.201121845749
calf thymus dna-binding ability study of anthocyanins from purple sweet potatoes ( ipomoea batatas l.).a total of 10 anthocyanin compounds were identified from five purple sweet potato ( ipomoea batatas l.) varieties, qunzi, zishu038, ji18, jingshu6, and ziluolan, by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms) to assess their calf thymus dna-binding ability in vitro. the interaction between anthocyanins and calf thymus dna in tris-hcl buffer solution (ph 6.9) was evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy. using ethidium bromide (eb) as a fluorescence probe, fluoresce ...201121678894
[effect of purple sweet potato on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats].to investigate the effect of purple sweet potato on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in hyperlipidemic rats.201121845747
efficient embryogenic suspension culturing and rapid transformation of a range of elite genotypes of sweet potato (ipomoea batatas [l.] lam.).efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was developed using embryogenic suspension cell cultures of elite sweet potato (ipomoea batatas [l.] lam.) cultivars, including ayamurasaki, sushu2, sushu9, sushu11, wanshu1, xushu18 and xushu22. embryogenic suspension cultures were established in lcp medium using embryogenic calli induced from apical or axillary buds on an induction medium containing 2 mg l(-1) 2,4-d. suspension cultures were co-cultivated with a. tumefaciens strain lb ...201121958713
Purple sweet potato color attenuates domoic acid-induced cognitive deficits by promoting estrogen receptor-a-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis signaling in mice.Recent findings suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress may be involved in the pathogenesis of domoic acid-induced neurodegeneration. Purple sweet potato color, a class of naturally occurring anthocyanins, has beneficial health and biological effects. Recent studies have also shown that anthocyanins have estrogenic activity and can enhance estrogen receptor-a expression. In this study, we evaluated the effect of purple sweet potato color on cognitive deficits induced by hippocampal mitochondri ...201122178976
Low genetic diversity of Squash vein yellowing virus in wild and cultivated cucurbits in the U.S. suggests a recent introduction.Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) isolates were collected from cultivated and weedy cucurbits representing major hosts and locations in the U.S. and analyzed to better understand the diversity and population structure. No differences in symptoms were observed in field-collected isolate source plants or subsequently inoculated greenhouse plants, and the complete genome of an SqVYV isolate from a wild cucurbit host (smellmelon, Cucumis melo var. dudaim) was highly similar (99.4% nucleotide ident ...201122142477
molecular characterization of two sweepoviruses from china and evaluation of the infectivity of cloned splcv-js in nicotiana benthamiana.sweepoviruses are important begomoviruses that infect ipomoea plants worldwide and cause sweet potato yield losses and cultivar decline. two sweepoviruses, sweet potato leaf curl virus-jiangsu (splcv-js) and sweet potato leaf curl china virus-zhejiang (splccnv-zj), were cloned from diseased sweet potato plants collected in the jiangsu and zhejiang provinces of china. sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that both are typical monopartite begomoviruses and have close re ...201122179901
Purple sweet potato anthocyanins attenuate hepatic lipid accumulation through activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in human HepG2 cells and obese mice.Purple sweet potato is a functional food rich in anthocyanins that possess disease-preventive properties. Anthocyanins are known to possess potent antidiabetic properties. However, the effect of the anthocyanin fraction (AF) from purple sweet potato on hepatic lipid metabolism remains unclear. Our hypothesis is that AF inhibits hepatic lipid accumulation through the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we ev ...201122153515
molecular cloning and functional analysis of the ortho-hydroxylases of p-coumaroyl coenzyme a/feruloyl coenzyme a involved in formation of umbelliferone and scopoletin in sweet potato, ipomoea batatas (l.) lam.ortho-hydroxylation of cinnamates is a key step in coumarin biosynthesis in plants. ortho-hydroxylated cinnamates undergo trans/cis isomerization of the side-chain and then lactonization to form coumarins. sweet potato [ipomoea batatas (l.) lam.] accumulates umbelliferone and scopoletin after biotic and abiotic stresses. to elucidate molecular aspects of ortho-hydroxylation involved in umbelliferone formation in sweet potato, isolation and characterization of cdnas encoding 2-oxoglutarate-depend ...201122169019
Effects of Baking and Boiling on the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] Cultivars.The effects of baking and boiling on the nutritional and antioxidant properties of three sweet potato cultivars (Beniazuma, Koganesengan, Kotobuki) cultivated in Turkey were investigated. The samples were analyzed for proximate composition, total phenolic content, ascorbic acid, ß-carotene, antiradical activity, and free sugars. The dry matter, protein, and starch contents of the sweet potatoes were significantly changed by the treatments while the ash and crude fiber contents did not differ as ...201122101780
polyphenol-rich sweet potato greens extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) leaves or greens, extensively consumed as a vegetable in africa and asia, are an excellent source of dietary polyphenols such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids. here, we show that sweet potato greens extract (spge) has the maximum polyphenol content compared with several commercial vegetables including spinach. the polyphenol-rich spge exerts significant antiproliferative activity in a panel of prostate cancer cell lines while sparing normal prostate epithelial ce ...201121948980
[construction of a bivalent plant expression vector carrying vvsuc11 and vvsuc12 genes and its genetic transformation in sugar beet].we have recombined genes vvsuc11, vvsuc12 from vitis vinifera l., and root-specific promoters of sweet potato storage protein gene from ipomoea batatas l. lam., named as sp1 and sp2. we have constructed a vector pcambia2301-sp1- vvsuc11-sp2-vvsuc12 using pcambia2301 as an original vector. vvsuc11 and vvsuc12 were under the control of root-specific promoters of sweet potato storage protein gene. we transformed the vector into kws-9103 breeding line of beta vulgaris l. with agrobacterium-mediated ...201122097805
molecular characterization of sweet potato leaf curl virus (splcv) isolates from korea: phylogenetic relationship and recombination analysis.the complete dna genome of sweet potato leaf curl virus (splcv) from samples obtained from eight regions was amplified by pcr and characterized in this study. the dna genome of one group (splcv korea group 1) consisted of 2828 nucleotides and that of the second group (splcv korea group 2) consisted of 2829 nucleotides. sequence comparisons showed that the genome sequences of splcv korea isolates were closely related to those of splcv brazil isolates (fj969834, fj969835, and fj969836), splcv japa ...201122149498
effect of antioxidant activity and functional properties of chingshey purple sweet potato fermented milk by lactobacillus acidophilus, l. delbrueckii subsp. lactis, and l. gasseri strains.in this study, individual selected lactic acid bacteria strains lactobacillus acidophilus (la), l. delbrueckii subsp. lactis (ldl), and l. gasseri (lga) were grown in chingshey purple sweet potato (cpsp) substrate/media. cpsp is rich in anthocyanin, which possesses antioxidant activity and in vitro cell assay. the antioxidant ability and functional properties of the fermented milk were examined. high-performance liquid chromatographic (hplc) method was used to analyze the free amino acid, organi ...201122182227
starch self-processing in transgenic sweet potato roots expressing a hyperthermophilic a-amylase.sweet potato is a major crop in the southeastern united states, which requires few inputs and grows well on marginal land. it accumulates large quantities of starch in the storage roots and has been shown to give comparable or superior ethanol yields to corn per cultivated acre in the southeast. starch conversion to fermentable sugars (i.e., for ethanol production) is carried out at high temperatures and requires the action of thermostable and thermoactive amylolytic enzymes. these enzymes are a ...201121365786
the effects of an arabinogalactan-protein from the white-skinned sweet potato (ipomoea batatas l.) on blood glucose in spontaneous diabetic mice.we examined the effects of an arabinogalactanprotein (wssp-agp) from ipomoea batatas l. on hyperglycemia in db/db mice. an oral glucose tolerance test indicated significantly decreased plasma glucose levels by wssp-agp. additionally, an insulin tolerance test found improvement in insulin sensitivity due to treatment with wssp-agp. this suggests that amelioration of insulin resistance by wssp-agp causes to lead its hypoglycemic effects.201121389600
hypouricemic effects of anthocyanin extracts of purple sweet potato on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in mice.gout is a clinical syndrome in which tissue damage is induced by a chronic metabolic disorder associated with increased concentrations of uric acid in the blood. the study investigated the hypouricemic effects of anthocyanin extracts from purple sweet potato (apsp), and allopurinol, on serum uric acid levels in hyperuricemic mice. it was found that administration of a single oral dose of 100?mg/kg apsp to such animals reduced the serum uric acid concentration to 4.10?±?0.04?mg/dl, compared with ...201121433153
effect of heat treatment on quality, thermal and pasting properties of sweet potato starch during yearlong storage.proper postharvest handling and storage of sweet potato is an important link in the chain from producer to consumer or manufacturing industry. heat treatments have been used as a non-chemical means to modify the postharvest quality and reduce pathogen levels and disease development of a wide variety of horticultural products. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of hot water treatment (hwt) on the quality, gelatinisation enthalpy and pasting properties of sweet potato starc ...201121445886
homology modeling and dynamics study of aureusidin synthase-an important enzyme in aurone biosynthesis of snapdragon flower.aurones, a class of plant flavonoids, provide bright yellow color on some important ornamental flowers, such as cosmos, coreopsis, and snapdragon (antirrhinum majus). recently, it has been elucidated that aureusidin synthase (aus), a homolog of plant polyphenol oxidase (ppo), plays a key role in the yellow coloration of snapdragon flowers. in addition, it has been shown that aus is a chalcone-specific ppo specialized for aurone biosynthesis. aus gene has been successfully demonstrated as an attr ...201121470561
rapid spread of a bacterial symbiont in an invasive whitefly is driven by fitness benefits and female bias.maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods are common, yet symbiont invasions of host populations have rarely been observed. here, we show that rickettsia sp. nr. bellii swept into a population of an invasive agricultural pest, the sweet potato whitefly, bemisia tabaci, in just 6 years. compared with uninfected whiteflies, rickettsia-infected whiteflies produced more offspring, had higher survival to adulthood, developed faster, and produced a higher proportion of daughters. the symb ...201121474763
motor command for precision grip in the macaque monkey can be mediated by spinal interneurons.in motor control, the general view still is that spinal interneurons mainly contribute to reflexes and automatic movements. the question raised here is whether spinal interneurons can mediate the cortical command for independent finger movements like precision grip between thumb and index finger in the macaque monkey, or if this function depends exclusively on a direct corticomotoneuronal pathway. this study is a follow up of a previous report (sasaki et al. 2004, j neurophysiol 92:3142-3147) in ...201121511706
absorption of 6-o-caffeoylsophorose and its metabolites in sprague-dawley rats detected by electrochemical detector-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry methods.absorption and metabolism of a natural compound, 6-o-caffeoylsophorose (cs) from acylated anthocyanins in a red vinegar fermented with purple sweetpotato, were clarified. the absorption of cs and conjugated cs in blood from orally administrated sprague-dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/kg was investigated by electrochemical detection-high performance liquid chromatography. as a result, cs was successfully detected in rat plasma (auc(0-6h), 108.6 ± 8.1 nmol h/ml) and was found to be an intact absor ...201121534624
phenoloxidase activity of intact and chemically modified functional unit rvh1-a from molluscan rapana venosa hemocyanin.o-diphenol oxidase activities (o-dipo) of chemically modified functional unit rvh1-a of molluscan hemocyanin rapana venosa were studied using l-dopa and dopamine as substrates. with l-dopa as substrate the native fu rvh1-a did not show any o-dipo activity. therefore the native fu rvh1-a was converted to enzymatic active form, after treatment with sds, trypsin, urea and different values of ph when its o-dipo activity was studied. the highest artificial induction of o-dipo activity was observed af ...201121536147
a novel monopartite begomovirus infecting sweet potato in brazil.the complete genome sequences of two monopartite begomovirus isolates (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) present in a single sweet potato (ipomoea batatas) plant collected in são paulo, brazil, are presented. based on the current taxonomic criteria for the genus begomovirus, one of the isolates was shown to represent a novel species, tentatively named sweet potato leaf curl sao paulo virus (splcspv). the other isolate represented a new strain of sweet potato leaf curl virus, named sweet p ...201121594599
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