Publications

development and in-house validation of allergen-specific elisa tests for the quantification of dau c 1.01, dau c 1.02 and dau c 4 in carrot extracts (daucus carota).	even though carrot allergy is common in europe, the amount of different allergens in carrots is still unknown due to a lack of methods for quantitative allergen measurements. the current study aimed at the development of quantitative elisa tests for the known carrot allergens, namely dau c 1.01, dau c 1.02, and dau c 4 in pure carrot extracts. monoclonal antibodies targeting the major carrot allergen isoforms dau c 1.01 and dau c 1.02 were generated and combined in sandwich elisa with rabbit ant ...	2010	21046078
high-level expression of human interferon alpha-2b in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) plants.	in this study, we report the obtaining of carrot plants expressing human interferon alpha-2b via agrobacterium-mediated transformation using two vector constructs containing the sequence coding for interferon gene fused with nicotiana plumbagenifolia calreticulin apoplast targeting signal driven by 35s camv promoter and root-specific mll promoter. the human interferon alpha-2b gene was correctly translated in carrot plants according to western blot analysis. the recombinant protein exhibited ant ...	2010	21046110
deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short-term supplement of coloured carrot (daucus carota) varieties as forage material for egg-laying hens.	supplying egg-laying hens with different forage materials may influence egg production and quality. the aim of this study was to examine the short-term effects of standard feed plus 70 g day(-1) per hen of three coloured carrot varieties (orange, yellow and purple) as forage material in comparison with a standard feed control on egg production, egg yolk colour and deposition of carotenoids in the yolk.	2010	20393997
the potential of five winter-grown crops to reduce root-knot nematode damage and increase yield of tomato.	broccoli (brassica oleracea), carrot (daucus carota), marigold (tagetes patula), nematode-resistant tomato (solanum lycopersicum), and strawberry (fragaria ananassa) were grown for three years during the winter in a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) infested field in southern california. each year in the spring, the tops of all crops were shredded and incorporated in the soil. amendment with poultry litter was included as a sub-treatment. the soil was then covered with clear plastic for ...	2010	22736848
expression and assembly of cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.).	we expressed the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) fused to an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal (sekdel) in carrot roots using an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. fourteen independent transgenic lines were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after 6 months of culture. the sctb gene was detected in the genomic dna of transgenic carrot by pcr amplification. expressions and assembly of sctb protein into oligomeric structures of pentameric size were observed in transgenic plant extr ...	2009	18642102
ginsenoside rb1 in asymmetric somatic hybrid calli of daucus carota with panax quinquefolius.	american ginseng (panax quinquefolius l.) is one of the most valuable herbs in the world. its major active components are ginsenosides. in order to produce ginsenoside heterogeneously, somatic hybridization, a novel approach for genetic introgression, was employed in this study. protoplasts derived from respective calli of carrot (daucus carota var. sativus hoffm.) and american ginseng (p. quinquefolius l.) were used as the fusion partners. hybrid calli derived from single cell lines containing ...	2009	19199101
flower and root oils of the tunisian daucus carota l. ssp. maritimus (apiaceae): integrated analyses by gc, gc/ms, and 13c-nmr spectroscopy, and in vitro antibacterial activity.	the essential oils from flowers and roots of daucus carota l. ssp. maritimus were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by combination of gc, gc/ms, and (13)c-nmr. the chemical composition of the flower and root oils of this subspecies is reported here for the first time. thirty-two and six compounds were identified in flower and root oils, respectively. a remarkable difference was found between the constituent percentages of the two organs. the chemical composition of the essential oil fro ...	2009	19551729
chemical characterization and biological activity of essential oils from daucus carota l. subsp. carota growing wild on the mediterranean coast and on the atlantic coast.	the essential oils and supercritical co(2) extracts of wild daucus carota l. subsp. carota growing spontaneously in sardinia and in portugal were investigated. the main components in the sardinian essential oil of flowering and mature umbels with seeds are beta-bisabolene (17.6-51.0%) and 11-alpha-(h)-himachal-4-en-1-beta-ol (9.0-21.6%); instead, the oils from portuguese samples are predominantly composed of geranyl acetate (5.2-65.0%) and alpha-pinene (3.5-37.9%). supercritical extracts contain ...	2009	18950693
production of the p24 capsid protein from hiv-1 subtype c in arabidopsis thaliana and daucus carota using an endoplasmic reticulum-directing sekdel sequence in protein expression constructs.	an optimized gene expression construct was designed in order to increase the accumulation of the hiv-1 subtype c p24 protein in arabidopsis thaliana and carrot (daucus carota) plants. an er retention signal was introduced into the genetic construct generating a p24 protein containing a sekdel amino acid sequence at its c-terminus. mature a. thaliana plants and carrot cells were transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying the improved pgreen0229/p24_sekdel vector. several transgenic plan ...	2009	19167502
structure of the major carrot allergen dau c 1.	dau c 1 is a major allergen of carrot (daucus carota) which displays ige cross-reactivity with the homologous major birch-pollen allergen bet v 1. the crystal structure of dau c 1 has been determined to a resolution of 2.7 a, revealing tight dimers. the structure of dau c 1 is similar to those of the major allergens from celery, api g 1, and birch pollen, bet v 1. electron density has been observed in the hydrophobic cavity of each monomer and has been modelled with polyethylene glycol oligomers ...	2009	19923716
broad-spectrum disease resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens in transgenic carrots (daucus carota l.) expressing an arabidopsis npr1 gene.	the development of transgenic plants highly resistant to a range of pathogens using traditional signal gene expression strategies has been largely ineffective. modification of systemic acquired resistance (sar) through the overexpression of a controlling gene such as npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes) offers an attractive alternative for augmenting the plants innate defense system. the arabidopsis (at) npr1 gene was successfully introduced into 'nantes coreless' carrot under control of a camv 35s ...	2009	19859731
overexpressing atpap15 enhances phosphorus efficiency in soybean.	low phosphorus (p) availability is a major constraint to crop growth and production, including soybean (glycine max), on a global scale. however, 50% to 80% of the total p in agricultural soils exists as organic phosphate, which is unavailable to plants unless hydrolyzed to release inorganic phosphate. one strategy for improving crop p nutrition is the enhanced activity of acid phosphatases (apases) to obtain or remobilize inorganic phosphate from organic p sources. in this study, we overexpress ...	2009	19587103
identification and characterization of bzip-type transcription factors involved in carrot (daucus carota l.) somatic embryogenesis.	seed dormancy is an important adaptive trait that enables seeds of many species to remain quiescent until conditions become favorable for germination. abscisic acid (aba) plays an important role in these developmental processes. like dormancy and germination, the elongation of carrot somatic embryo radicles is retarded by sucrose concentrations at or above 6%, and normal growth resumes at sucrose concentrations below 3%. using a yeast one-hybrid screening system, we isolated two bzip-type transc ...	2009	19519801
characterization of a deep-coverage carrot (daucus carota l.) bac library and initial analysis of bac-end sequences.	carrot is the most economically important member of the apiaceae family and a major source of provitamin a carotenoids in the human diet. however, carrot molecular resources are relatively underdeveloped, hampering a number of genetic studies. here, we report on the synthesis and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of carrot. the library is 17.3-fold redundant and consists of 92,160 clones with an average insert size of 121 kb. to provide an overview of the compos ...	2009	19104839
expression of rabies virus g protein in carrots (daucus carota).	antigens derived from various pathogens can readily be synthesized at high levels in plants in their authentic forms. such antigens administered orally can induce an immune response and, in some cases, result in protection against a subsequent challenge. we here report the expression of rabies virus g protein into carrots. the g gene was subcloned into the pucpssrabg vector and then used to transform carrot embryogenic cells by particle bombardment. the carrot cells were selected in liquid mediu ...	2009	19479338
genetic and physiological determinants of streptomyces scabies pathogenicity.	summary common scab is a severe disease worldwide affecting tap root crops and potato tubers. it is caused by soil-borne filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus streptomyces. streptomycetes usually are saprophytic microorganisms, but a few species have acquired the ability to infect underground plant tissues. the predominant causal agent of potato scab worldwide is streptomyces scabies. the production of phytotoxins called thaxtomins is essential for the virulence of common scab-causing agen ...	2009	19694949
transmission of different isolates of spiroplasma citri to carrot and citrus by circulifer tenellus (hemiptera: cicadellidae).	carrot purple leaf disease was first reported in 2006 in the state of washington and was associated with spiroplasma citri. the disease also was reported in california in 2008. the objectives of this work were to fulfill koch's postulates and to determine 1) whether the beet leafhopper, circulifer tenellus (baker) (hemiptera: cicadellidae), transmits carrot [daucus carota l. subsp. sativus (hoffm.) arcang] isolates of s. citri; and 2) whether carrot and citrus [citrus sinensis (l.) osb.]-derived ...	2009	19736751
mitochondrial nad2 gene is co-transcripted with cms-associated orfb gene in cytoplasmic male-sterile stem mustard (brassica juncea).	the transcriptional patterns of mitochondrial respiratory related genes were investigated in cytoplasmic male-sterile and fertile maintainer lines of stem mustard, brassica juncea. there were numerous differences in nad2 (subunit 2 of nadh dehydrogenase) between stem mustard cms and its maintainer line. one novel open reading frame, hereafter named orfb gene, was located at the downstream of mitochondrial nad2 gene in the cms. the novel orfb gene had high similarity with ymf19 family protein, or ...	2009	18046626
polyacetylene diversity and bioactivity in orange market and locally grown colored carrots (daucus carota l.).	carrots contain a wide array of phytochemicals such as carotenoids, phenolics, alpha-tocopherol, and polyacetylenes. carrots are most known for their pro-vitamin a carotenoids but also contain other phytochemicals with documented health benefits. the phytochemicals in colored carrots present a challenge and opportunity due to the wide diversity of potent bioactive compounds. two commercial carrots, 1 wild carrot, and 13 colored carrot varieties were characterized phytochemically. the carrots wer ...	2009	19950995
antioxidant phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of biofortified carrots (daucus carota l.) of various colors.	antioxidants and antioxidant capacity of seven colored carrots were determined. five anthocyanins, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and four carotenoids were quantified by hplc. total phenolic content was determined according to the folin-ciocalteu method. antioxidant capacities of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions were determined by using the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) methods. the relative antioxidant capacity i ...	2009	19358535
accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in hairy roots of daucus carota 2: confirming biosynthetic steps through feeding of inhibitors and precursors.	biosynthesis of hydroxybenzoates even at enzymatic level is poorly understood. in this report, effect of feeding of putative biosynthetic precursors and pathway-specific enzyme inhibitors of early phenylpropanoid pathway on p-hydroxybenzoic acid accumulation in chitosan-elicited hairy roots of daucus carota was studied. three selective metabolic inhibitors of plant phenylpropanoid pathway, namely, aminooxyacetic acid (aoaa), piperonylic acid (pip) and 3,4-methylenedioxycinnamic acid (mdca), whic ...	2009	19342120
diversity of dcmaster-like elements of the pif/harbinger superfamily in the carrot genome.	transposable elements constitute a significant fraction of plant genomes. both autonomous and non-autonomous elements of the dcmaster family, residing in the carrot genome, were described previously. dcmaster elements were classified as members of the pif/harbinger superfamily. in the present paper we report on the identification of other groups of dcmaster-like elements. beside the previously described, relatively highly abundant miniature inverted repeat element (mite) family krak (ca. 3,600 c ...	2009	18535910
carrot alternative oxidase gene aox2a demonstrates allelic and genotypic polymorphisms in intron 3.	single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and insertion-deletions (indels) are becoming important genetic markers for major crop species. in this study, we focus on variations at genomic level of the daucus carota l. aox2a gene. the use of gene-specific primers designed in exon regions on the boundaries of introns permitted to recognize intron length polymorphism (ilp) in intron 3 aox2a by simple polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. the length of intron 3 can vary in individual carrot plants. th ...	2009	19941625
metabolomics of daucus carota cultured cell lines under stressing conditions reveals interactions between phenolic compounds.	a metabolomic approach followed by principal components and partial least square analysis was used for investigating the effect of environmental factors on two daucus carota l. cv. flakkese cell lines (r3m and r4g), selected for their ability to produce anthocyanins in the light and the dark, respectively. a positive correlation between total anthocyanin, hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid accumulation was found in both lines. furthermore, the experimental design and the combination of bioc ...	2009	26493146
possible involvement of dna methylation on expression regulation of carrot lec1 gene in its 5'-upstream region.	dna methylation plays important roles in various developmental processes in many organisms. in carrots, the treatment of embryogenic cells (ecs) with dna methylation inhibitors induces hypomethylation and blocks somatic embryogenesis. carrot-leafy cotyledon 1 (c-lec1) is an important transcription factor for embryo development that shows embryo-specific expression in ecs and somatic and zygotic embryos. however, the regulation of embryo-specific transcription factor genes such as c-lec1 in plant ...	2009	19264116
host-specific races in the holoparasitic angiosperm orobanche minor: implications for speciation in parasitic plants.	orobanche minor is a root-holoparasitic angiosperm that attacks a wide range of host species, including a number of commonly cultivated crops. the extent to which genetic divergence among natural populations of o. minor is influenced by host specificity has not been determined previously. here, the host specificity of natural populations of o. minor is quantified for the first time, and evidence that this species may comprise distinct physiological races is provided.	2009	19251714
daucus carota mediated-reduction of cyclic 3-oxo-amines.	carrots (daucus carota) were used to reduce cyclic amino-ketones in high yields and enantiomeric excesses. this cheap, eco-compatible, and efficient reducing reagent allows the easy access to precursors of biologically active products.	2009	19215083
molecular characterization of two alphacryptovirus dsrnas isolated from daucus carota.		2009	19165417
sulfur transfer through an arbuscular mycorrhiza.	despite the importance of sulfur (s) for plant nutrition, the role of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis in s uptake has received little attention. to address this issue, 35s-labeling experiments were performed on mycorrhizas of transformed carrot (daucus carota) roots and glomus intraradices grown monoxenically on bicompartmental petri dishes. the uptake and transfer of 35so4(2-) by the fungus and resulting 35s partitioning into different metabolic pools in the host roots was analyzed wh ...	2009	18978070
differential expression and co-regulation of carrot aox genes (daucus carota).	alternative oxidase (aox) is a mitochondrial protein encoded by the nuclear genome. in higher plants aox genes form a small multigene family mostly consisting of the two subfamilies aox1 and aox2. daucus carota l. is characterized by a unique extension pattern of aox genes. different from other plant species studied so far it contains two genes in both subfamilies. therefore, carrot was recently highlighted as an important model in aox stress research to understand the evolutionary importance of ...	2009	19825008
splinkbes: a splinkerette-based method for generating long end sequences from large insert dna libraries.	we report on the development of a novel splinkerette-based method for generating long end sequences from large insert library clones, using a carrot (daucus carota l.) bac library as a model. the procedure involves digestion of the bac dna with a 6-bp restriction enzyme, followed by ligation of splinkerette adaptors that serve as primer-annealing sites for pcr amplification of the bac ends. the resulting amplicons are sequenced from both directions, and when overlapping, the pairs of sequences a ...	2009	19737131
a new sesquiterpene from the fruits of daucus carota l.	phytochemical investigation of the fruits of daucus carota l. resulted in the isolation of a new sesquiterpene named as daucucarotol (1). its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments, coupled with ms studies. to our knowledge, compound 1 is the first example for a natural eudesmane sesquiterpene with a hydroxymethyl group located at a methine carbon rather than a usual quaternary carbon in the two fused six-membered ring systems.	2009	19701130
development and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies as probes to assess the differences between two tomato pectin methylesterase isoenzymes.	the enzyme pectin methylesterase (pme) was purified from red ripe tomatoes (lycopersicon esculentum) and through affinity chromatography two isoenzymes were fractionated (t1pme and t2pme). further analysis of these two isoenzymes, both having a molar mass of 34.5kda, revealed a difference in the n-terminal sequence and in amino acid composition. t1pme was identified as the major isoenzyme of pme in tomato fruit. in this study the aim was to develop a toolbox, consisting of monoclonal antibodies, ...	2009	19686752
suboptimal temperature favors reserve formation in biennial carrot (daucus carota) plants.	in response to suboptimal temperatures, temperate annual plants often increase root:shoot ratios, build-up carbohydrates and display typical morphological and anatomical changes. we know less about the responses of biennials such as carrot. as a model plant, carrot has the additional feature of two functionally and morphologically distinct root parts: the taproot, which stores carbohydrate and other compounds, and the fibrous root system involved in acquisition of water and nutrients. here, we a ...	2009	19493310
alternative oxidase involvement in daucus carota somatic embryogenesis.	plant alternative oxidase (aox) is a mitochondrial inner membrane enzyme involved in alternative respiration. the critical importance of the enzyme during acclimation upon stress of plant cells is not fully understood and is still an issue of intensive research and discussion. recently, a role of aox was suggested for the ability of plant cells to change easily its fate upon stress. in order to get new insights about aox involvement in cell reprogramming, quantitative real-time polymerase chain ...	2009	19863756
structure determination of bisacetylenic oxylipins in carrots (daucus carota l.) and enantioselective synthesis of falcarindiol.	although bisacetylenic oxylipins have been demonstrated to exhibit diverse biological activities, the chemical structures of many representatives of this class of phytochemicals still remain elusive. as carrots play an important role in our daily diet and are known as a source of bisacetylenes, an extract made from daucus carota l. was screened for bisacetylenic oxylipins, and, after isolation, their structures were determined by means of lc-ms and 1d/2d nmr spectroscopy. besides the previously ...	2009	19845355
daucus carota l.--an old model for cell reprogramming gains new importance through a novel expansion pattern of alternative oxidase (aox) genes.	the paper highlights daucus carota l. as an ideal model to complement plant stress research on arabidopsis thaliana l. recently, alternative oxidase (aox) is discussed as functional marker candidate for cell reprogramming upon stress. carrot is the most studied species for cell reprogramming and our current research reveals that it is the only one that has expanded both aox sub-family genes. we point to recently published, but not discussed results on conserved differences in the vicinity of the ...	2009	19372042
a study on the effect of few eco-friendly manures on the growth attributes of carrot (daucus carota l.).	a pot culture study was carried out at avinashilingam deemed university, coimbatore to assess the effect of few organic manures (herbal microfertilizer, humic acid, farm yard manure (fym), biofertilizer) and npk on the growth attributes of carrot. among the parameters observed, the germination percentage was highest in fym treated pots on 7 das (days after sowing) and in npk treated pots on 21, 28 and 30 das. the parameters, such as root length, crown length and vigour index, were studied on 30, ...	2009	21114148
evidence for p-hydroxybenzoate formation involving enzymatic phenylpropanoid side-chain cleavage in hairy roots of daucus carota.	in this study, methyl jasmonate (mj)-elicited hairy root cultures of daucus carota were explored to study the enzymatic route to p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hba) biosynthesis. treatment with 100microm mj caused an enhanced accumulation of p-hba as well as total phenolic content in elicited root lines as compared to untreated (controls) lines. using cell-free extract as the source of crude enzymes, attempt was made to reveal the enzymatic route to p-hba formation. the accumulation of p-hba was prece ...	2008	17658659
survival and flowering of hybrids between cultivated and wild carrots (daucus carota) in danish grasslands.	many crop species are able to hybridize with related weedy or wild relatives, which could lead to transfer of cultivar genes, and among them transgenes, into wild populations. it is not clear, however, whether the hybrids and their descendants are able to survive and reproduce in natural habitats, as inherited cultivar traits may be maladaptive under such conditions. to test this, we produced hybrid (f(1)) seeds by controlled crosses between wild [see text for formula] and cultivated carrots (da ...	2008	18289499
dcmaster transposon display markers as a tool for diversity evaluation of carrot breeding materials and for hybrid seed purity testing.	in recent years, transposon insertion polymorphisms have been utilized as molecular markers, and a range of techniques tailored towards identification of insertion sites of various transposable elements have been developed. in the present paper we describe the application of a recently developed dcmaster transposon display system to analyse the genetic diversity of polish breeding materials of carrot (daucus carota) and to identify polymorphisms useful for hybrid seed purity testing. using 3 set ...	2008	18263967
determination of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of the batch adsorption of mn(ii), co(ii), ni(ii) and cu(ii) from aqueous solution by black carrot (daucus carota l.) residues.	in this study, the effect of temperature on the adsorption of mn(ii), ni(ii), co(ii) and cu(ii) from aqueous solution by modified carrot residues (mcr) was investigated. the equilibrium contact times of adsorption process for each heavy metals-mcr systems were determined. kinetic data obtained for each heavy metal by mcr at different temperatures were applied to the lagergren equation, and adsorption rate constants (kads) at these temperatures were determined. these rate constants related to the ...	2008	17980960
proliferation-dependent pattern of expression of a dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from daucus carota.	the pattern of expression of a carrot dhfr-ts gene was evaluated in different plant organs, in somatic embryos, and in hypocotyl explants induced to dedifferentiate in vitro by the addition of the synthetic auxin 2,4 dichorophenoxyacetic acid. the promoter of this gene was also placed upstream of a uida (gus) reporter gene and, using biolistic and protoplasts transient expression assays, was shown to drive a particularly high level of expression in actively growing suspension cells. the results ...	2008	15967738
fungal plant pathogens in portugal: alternaria dauci.	a leaf blight of carrot (daucus carota) caused by alternaria dauci was found in alentejo (ourique, portugal). morphological characteristics of the fungus are described.	2008	19071897
selecting and evaluating native plants for region-specific phytotoxicity testing.	in this study, we evaluated methodology to determine risks to terrestrial native plant species from potential herbecide drift, focusing on 1) selection of native species for testing, 2) growth of these species, and 3) variability in herbicide response among native species and compared with crop plants. native plant species were selected for initial testing on the basis of spatial analysis, which indicated that species from illinois, usa, were at potential risk for off-target effects of herbicide ...	2008	17973566
asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones to chiral alcohols catalyzed by plants tissue.	as an important organic compound, chiral alcohols are the key chiral building blocks to many single enantiomer pharmaceuticals. asymmetric reduction of the corresponding prochiral ketones to produce the chiral alcohols by biocatalysis is one of the most promising routes. asymmetric reduction of different kinds of non-natural prochiral ketones catalyzed by various plants tissue was studied in this work. acetophenone, 4'-chloroacetophenone and ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate were chosen as the model su ...	2008	18548304
the zinc binding site of the shaker channel kdc1 from daucus carota.	kdc1 is a voltage-dependent shaker-like potassium channel subunit cloned from daucus carota which produces conductive channels in xenopus oocytes only when coexpressed with other plant shaker potassium subunits, such as kat1 from arabidopsis thaliana. external zn(2+) determines a potentiation of the current mediated by the dimeric construct kdc1-kat1, which has been ascribed to zinc binding at a site comprising three histidines located at the s3-s4 (h161, h162) and s5-s6 (h224) linkers of kdc1. ...	2008	17890387
a predictive nutritional model for plant cells and hairy roots.	a structured nutritional model is proposed to describe growth and nutritional behavior of eschscholtzia californica suspension cells and catharanthus roseus and daucus carota hairy roots in in vitro culture. the model describes the cells specific growth rate from concentration of intracellular nutrients such as inorganic phosphate (pi), nitrogen sources (no(3) (-) and nh(4) (+)) and sugars. two-level michaelis-menten kinetics are used to describe pi and no(3) (-) uptake and simple michaelis-ment ...	2008	17614323
daucus carota as a novel model to evaluate the effect of light on carotenogenic gene expression.	carotenoids are synthesized in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. in plants and algae, these lipophilic molecules possess antioxidant properties acting as reactive oxygen species scavengers and exert functional roles in hormone synthesis, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis and in photoprotection. during the past decade almost all carotenogenic genes have been identified as a result of molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches utilizing arabidopsis thaliana as the model system. studies car ...	2008	19399342
ionic thiocyanate (scn(-)) production, fate, and phytotoxicity in soil amended with brassicaceae seed meals.	brassicaceae seed meals produce ionic thiocyanate (scn (-)), a bioherbicidal compound. this study determined the fate of scn (-) in a field soil amended with seed meals of sinapis alba, brassica juncea, and brassica napus and quantified crop phytotoxicity by monitoring carrot ( daucus carota) emergence. meals were applied at 1 or 2 t ha (-1), and soils were sampled to 35 cm for scn (-). maximum scn (-) (211 micromol kg (-1) of soil) was measured at 5 days in 0-5 cm samples from plots amended wit ...	2008	18442242
effect of home freezing and italian style of cooking on antioxidant activity of edible vegetables.	in this study, we analyzed the modifications of antioxidant activity consequent to 3 typical home cooking practices (steaming, boiling, and microwave cooking) in fresh and home frozen vegetables. six different vegetable species were examined: carrots (daucus carota l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), tomatoes (solanumn lycopersicum l.), green beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.), peas (pisum sativum l.), and yellow peppers (capsicum annuum l.). all vegetables were conventional products and were analyzed ...	2008	19241586
host-driven divergence in the parasitic plant orobanche minor sm. (orobanchaceae).	many parasitic angiosperms have a broad host range and are therefore considered to be host generalists. orobanche minor is a nonphotosynthetic root parasite that attacks a range of hosts from taxonomically disparate families. in the present study, we show that o. minor sensu lato may comprise distinct, genetically divergent races isolated by the different ecologies of their hosts. using a three-pronged approach, we tested the hypothesis that intraspecific taxa o. minor var. minor and o. minor ss ...	2008	19378406
effect of decontamination agents on the microbial population, sensorial quality, and nutrient content of grated carrots (daucus carota l.).	several decontamination agents including water, sodium hypochlorite, peroxyacetic acid, neutral electrolyzed oxidizing water, and chlorine dioxide gas were tested for their effectiveness to reduce the natural microflora on grated carrots. microbial reductions of the total aerobic count obtained after the different treatments varied between 0.11 and 3.29 log colony-forming units (cfu)/g. whether or not a decontamination step induced significant changes in the sensory attributes of grated carrots ...	2008	18582083
reinvestigation of the bitter compounds in carrots (daucus carota l.) by using a molecular sensory science approach.	in order to reinvestigate the key molecules inducing bitter off-taste of carrots ( daucus carota l.), a sensory-guided fractionation approach was applied to bitter carrot extracts. besides the previously reported bitter compounds, 6-methoxymellein (1), falcarindiol (2), falcarinol (3), and falcarindiol-3-acetate (4), the following compounds were identified for the first time as bitter compounds in carrots with low bitter recognition thresholds between 8 and 47 micromol/l: vaginatin (5), isovagin ...	2008	18922011
color evolution of aqueous solutions obtained by thermal processing of carrot (daucus carota l.) roots: influence of light.	the color of aqueous solutions obtained by heating carrot (daucus carota l.) roots in water ("stocks") is different when the thermal treatment is applied with or without exposure to light. cie l, a, and b* scale values of stocks processed for different times were recorded and 4 patterns were initially observed. to explain the 1st part of this evolution (patterns 1 and 2), pectin extraction and beta-elimination in stocks were studied. light dependence was investigated to explain patterns 3 and ...	2008	18460127
spatial and temporal expression profiling of cell-wall invertase genes during early development in hybrid poplar.	cell-wall invertase genes are spatially and temporally regulated in several plant species, including daucus carota l., lycopersicon esculentum l. and solanum tuberosum l. however, few studies of cell-wall invertase genes of trees have been conducted, despite the importance of trees as a source of lignocellulosic biopolymers. we identified three putative cell-wall invertase genes in hybrid poplar (populus alba l. x grandidentata michx.) that showed higher homology to each other than to cell-wall ...	2008	18450570
epr as an analytical tool in assessing the mineral nutrients and irradiated food products-vegetables.	epr spectral investigations of some commonly available vegetables in south india, which are of global importance like daucus carota (carrot), cyamopsis tetragonoloba (cluster beans), coccinia indica (little gourd) and beta vulgaris (beet root) have been carried out. in all the vegetable samples a free radical corresponding to cellulose radical is observed. almost all the samples under investigation exhibit mn ions in different oxidation states. the temperature variation epr studies are done and ...	2008	18372211
metabolic engineering of novel ketocarotenoid production in carrot plants.	carotenoids constitute a vast group of pigments that are ubiquitous throughout nature. carrot (daucus carota l.) roots provide an important source of dietary beta-carotene (provitamin a), alpha-carotene and lutein. ketocarotenoids, such as canthaxanthin and astaxanthin, are produced by some algae and cyanobacteria but are rare in plants. ketocarotenoids are strong antioxidants that are chemically synthesized and used as dietary supplements and pigments in the aquaculture and neutraceutical indus ...	2008	17682834
lowering of intraocular pressure by topical application of daucus carota seed extract in rabbits.	in normotensive rabbits topical application of daucus carota seed extract at the concentration of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2% resulted in mean iop reduction of 19.33. 23.20 and 25.61% respectively from baseline. as no significant difference was observed between the change in iop in 0.6 and 1.2% extract treated groups, 0.6% concentration was chosen for further evaluation in rabbits with experimentally elevated iop. in water loaded rabbits, maximum mean iop reduction with 0.6% extract was 29.39%, which was ...	2008	18807759
upregulation of the promoter activity of the carrot (daucus carota) phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene (dcpal3) is caused by new members of the transcriptional regulatory proteins, dcerf1 and dcerf2, which bind to the gcc-box homolog and act as an activator to the dcpal3 promoter.	the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal) gene, dcpal3, was expressed during the synthesis of anthocyanin in suspension-cultured cells of carrot (daucus carota). there were two putative cis-elements in the dcpal3 promoter region: the box-l and gcc-box homologs. both of these are committed to the upregulation of promoter activity. although box-l is known as the conserved cis-element present in the promoter region of most pal genes of many plant species targeted by the r2r3-myb protein, among pal gene ...	2008	18584290
cadmium accumulation in the edible parts of different cultivars of radish, raphanus sativus l., and carrot, daucus carota var. sativa, grown in a cd-contaminated soil.	cadmium accumulation among 12 cultivars of radish (raphanus sativus) and 10 cultivars of carrot (daucus carota var. sativa) was studied in a cd-contaminated soil. the cd concentration in the edible parts of radish and carrot ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 and 0.14 to 0.19 mg kg(-1) fresh weight, respectively. all the tested carrot cultivars and 33% of the tested radish cultivars exceeded the chinese allowable limit for cd. the study showed a greater scope for selecting radish cultivars than for carrot ...	2008	18392549
partial nucleotide sequence of a carlavirus from carrot (daucus carota l.).		2008	18751883
purple carrot (daucus carota l.) polyacetylenes decrease lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammatory proteins in macrophage and endothelial cells.	carrots ( daucus carota l.) contain phytochemicals including carotenoids, phenolics, polyacetylenes, isocoumarins, and sesquiterpenes. purple carrots also contain anthocyanins. the anti-inflammatory activity of extracts and phytochemicals from purple carrots was investigated by determining attenuation of the response to lipopolysaccharide (lps). a bioactive chromatographic fraction (sephadex lh-20) reduced lps inflammatory response. there was a dose-dependent reduction in nitric oxide production ...	2008	18433135
novel mechanism of modulating natural antioxidants in functional foods: involvement of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria nrrl b-30488.	the significance of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) mediated increase in antioxidant potential in vegetables is yet unknown. the plant growth-promoting bacterium bacillus lentimorbus nrrl b-30488 (b-30488) mediated induction of dietary antioxidant in vegetables ( trigonella foenum-graecum, lactuca sativa, spinacia oleracea, and daucus carota) and fruit ( citrus sinensis) after minimal processing (fresh, boiled, and frozen) was tested by estimating the total phenol content, level of a ...	2008	18491912
functional characteristics of a tiny but specialized olfactory system: olfactory receptor neurons of carrot psyllids (homoptera: triozidae).	with only approximately 50 olfactory receptor neurons (orns), the carrot psyllid trioza apicalis (homoptera: psylloidea) may have the smallest olfactory system described in adult neopteran insects. using single sensillum recordings (ssr) and gas chromatograph-linked ssr, we characterized 4 olfactory sensilla forming a distinct morphological type, which together house approximately 25% of all orns. we recorded responses to extracts and single constituents from daucus carota ssp. sativus, from the ...	2008	18653644
comparative expression of beta-glucuronidase with five different promoters in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) root and leaf tissues.	tissue-specific patterns and levels of protein expression were characterized in transgenic carrot plants transformed with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by one of five promoters: cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) and double 35s (d35s), arabidopsis ubiquitin (ubq3), mannopine synthase (mas2) from agrobacterium tumefaciens or the rooting loci promoter (rold) from a. rhizogenes. five independently transformed carrot lines of each promoter construct were assessed for gus activity. in leav ...	2008	17924115
prepenetration apparatus assembly precedes and predicts the colonization patterns of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi within the root cortex of both medicago truncatula and daucus carota.	arbuscular mycorrhizas (am) are widespread, ancient endosymbiotic associations that contribute significantly to soil nutrient uptake in plants. we have previously shown that initial fungal penetration of the host root is mediated via a specialized cytoplasmic assembly called the prepenetration apparatus (ppa), which directs am hyphae through the epidermis (genre et al., 2005). in vivo confocal microscopy studies performed on medicago truncatula and daucus carota, host plants with different patte ...	2008	18515499
structural responses of daucus carota root-organ cultures and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, glomus intraradices, to 12 pharmaceuticals.	pharmaceuticals and personal care products may enter the terrestrial environment through the amendment of agricultural soils with manure or biosolids with potential impacts on beneficial soil microbe populations. the beneficial symbiotic relationship between most plant species and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is a primary determinant of plant health and soil fertility. as such, there is increasing recognition of the need to study the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on plant-microbe interactio ...	2008	18656230
mitochondrial regulation of flower development.	flower development in plants depends not only on a set of nuclear genes but also on the coordinate action of the mitochondrion. certain mitochondrial genomes in combination with certain nuclear genomes lead to the expression of cytoplasmic male-sterility (cms). both mitochondrial genes that determine male-sterility and nuclear restorer-of-fertility genes that suppress the male-sterile phenotype have been cloned. lately, the interactions between mitochondrial and nuclear genes through retrograde ...	2008	18054525
essential oil of daucus carota subsp. halophilus: composition, antifungal activity and cytotoxicity.	essential oils are known to possess antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi. daucus carota l. is used since olden times in traditional medicine, due to recognized therapeutic properties, namely the antimicrobial activity of their essential oils.	2008	18606215
effect of wild flowers on oviposition of hippodamia variegata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in the laboratory.	marginal vegetation in crops is very important for natural enemies and their pest control capacity. the effects of brassica nigra l. (brassicaceae), daucus carota l. (apiaceae), and sonchus oleraceous l. (asteraceae) flowers as supplemental food on the number of eggs laid during 7 d and on the preoviposition time in hippodamia variegata (goeze, 1777) were studied in the laboratory under conditions of several densities of acyrthosiphon pisum (harris, 1776). the results show the presence of flower ...	2008	19133458
enzymatic evidence for the key role of arginine in nitrogen translocation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.	key enzymes of the urea cycle and (15)n-labeling patterns of arginine (arg) were measured to elucidate the involvement of arg in nitrogen translocation by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi. mycorrhiza was established between transformed carrot (daucus carota) roots and glomus intraradices in two-compartment petri dishes and three ammonium levels were supplied to the compartment containing the extraradical mycelium (erm), but no roots. time courses of specific enzyme activity were obtained for gl ...	2007	17142485
little nuclei genes affecting nuclear morphology in arabidopsis thaliana.	efforts to understand nuclear organization in plant cells have received little assistance from the better-studied animal nuclei, because plant proteomes do not contain recognizable counterparts to the key animal proteins involved in nuclear organization, such as lamin nuclear intermediate filament proteins. previous studies identified a plant-specific insoluble nuclear protein in carrot (daucus carota), called nuclear matrix constituent protein1 (nmcp1), which contains extensive coiled-coil doma ...	2007	17873096
dna analysis of a radiotolerant bacterium pantoea agglomerans by ft-ir spectroscopy.	a radiation tolerance strain, pantoea agglomerans was isolated from gamma-irradiated carrot samples (daucus carota). d(10) determination showed that the radioresistance of this bacterium is five-fold higher than escherichia coli, both belonging to the family of enterobacteriaceae. dna isolated from untreated and irradiated bacterial cells was analyzed by ft-ir spectroscopy to investigate the radiotolerance of this bacterium. at doses <5kgy, an alteration of the interbase hydrogen networks was ob ...	2007	19071550
accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in hairy roots of daucus carota.	we report here the accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid in agrobacterium rhizogenes-induced hairy root cultures of daucus carota. this phenolic acid finds application in food, pharmaceutical and polymer industries. metabolic profiling of phenolics by hplc/esi-ms from these hairy roots showed a considerable amount of p-hydroxybenzoic acid accumulation both in cytosol and in the cell wall. analyses of hcl and naoh treated soluble phenolic fractions resulted in the elution of peaks with same reten ...	2007	17027117
shelf-life extension of minimally processed carrots by gaseous chlorine dioxide.	chlorine dioxide (clo(2)) gas is a strong oxidizing and sanitizing agent that has a broad and high biocidal effectiveness and big penetration ability; its efficacy to prolong the shelf-life of a minimally processed (mp) vegetable, grated carrots (daucus carota l.), was tested in this study. carrots were sorted, their ends removed, hand peeled, cut, washed, spin dried and separated in 2 portions, one to be treated with clo(2) gas and the other to remain untreated for comparisons. mp carrots were ...	2007	17306398
results of a screening programme to identify plants or plant extracts that inhibit ruminal protein degradation.	one aim of the ec framework v project, 'rumen-up' (qlk5-ct-2001-00 992), was to find plants or plant extracts that would inhibit the nutritionally wasteful degradation of protein in the rumen. a total of 500 samples were screened in vitro using 14c-labelled casein in a 30-min incubation with ruminal digesta. eight were selected for further investigation using a batch fermentation system and soya protein and bovine serum albumin as proteolysis substrates; proteolysis was monitored over 12 h by th ...	2007	17445338
biostimulation of pah degradation with plants containing high concentrations of linoleic acid.	many plant species enhance the biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), but there is little understanding of the mechanisms by which this occurs. this research identified phytochemicals that stimulate pyrene degradation using crushed roottissues from 43 plants that were screened in soil spiked with 100 ppm pyrene. among the plants tested, root tissues from apium graveolens (celery), raphanus sativus (radish), solanum tuberosum (potato), and daucus carota (carrot) were most effe ...	2007	17626440
expression of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b subunit (ltb) in carrot (daucus carota l.).	we expressed the b subunit of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (ltb) encoded by a synthetic codon-optimized gene in carrot. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was used. thirty independent transgenic lines were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis after 6 months in culture and were transferred to a greenhouse. gm1-elisa assay was used to assess ltb protein content in mature taproots. some transgenic lines expressed ltb up to 0.3% of the total soluble protein, ...	2007	17310334
carotenoid biosynthesis structural genes in carrot (daucus carota): isolation, sequence-characterization, single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers and genome mapping.	carotenoid pigments are important components of the human diet and carrots are the main dietary sources of the vitamin a precursors alpha- and beta-carotene. carotenoids play essential biological roles in plants and the genes coding for the carotenoid pathway enzymes are evolutionarily conserved, but little information exists about these genes for carrot. in this study, we utilized published carrot sequences as well as heterologous pcr approaches with primers derived from sequence information of ...	2007	17186217
(e)-methylisoeugenol and elemicin: antibacterial components of daucus carota l. essential oil against campylobacter jejuni.	the essential oil of wild daucus carota l. obtained from aerial parts at the end of the flowering stage (dceo) was reported as antimicrobial against the human enteropathogen campylobacter jejuni. the aim of the present study was to extend this analysis to other campylobacter species and to identify the active compounds of the essential oil, subjected to gc, gc-ms, and (13)c nmr analysis. a minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to quantify the antimicrobial activity of dceo and the majo ...	2007	17685629
identification and characterization of a new virus in the genus potyvirus from wild populations of angelica lucida l. and a. genuflexa nutt., family apiaceae.	a novel potyvirus was discovered in angelica lucida l. (wild celery) and a. genuflexa nutt. (kneeling angelica) (family apiaceae) in the matanuska- susitna valley, alaska. the experimental plant host range of the virus included species in three families: chenopodiaceae (chenopodium amaranticolor coste et reyn and chenopodium quinoa willd.), solanaceae (nicotiana benthamiana domin, and n. clevlandii gray.), and apiaceae (anethum graveolens l., apium graveolens l. var. dulce (miller)), daucus caro ...	2007	17558540
content and in-vitro accessibility of pro-vitamin a carotenoids from sri lankan cooked non-leafy vegetables and their estimated contribution to vitamin a requirement.	vitamin a deficiency is a public health problem in sri lanka, which affects especially pre-school children. carrots (daucus carota), pumpkins (cucurbita maxima), squashes (cucurbita moschata) and sweet potatoes (ipomoea batatas) of orange, yellow-fleshed varieties are good sources of provitamin a carotenoids, but have not been studied in sri lanka in terms of the food as eaten. the content of carotenoids in each preparation method and the in-vitro accessibility of beta-carotene and alpha-caroten ...	2007	17852483
determination of polyacetylenes in carrot roots (daucus carota l.) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection.	a new high-performance liquid chromatographic method with diode array detection was developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of the carrot polyacetylenes falcarindiol (fadoh), falcarindiol 3-acetate (fadoac) and falcarinol (faoh) in carrot root extracts. the optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a c18 column with a linear gradient elution of water and acetonitrile as mobile phases, at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. all calibration curves of the three carrot polyace ...	2007	17444217
differential effects of hexaconazole and paclobutrazol on biomass, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant potential of daucus carota l.	the application of triazole fungicides is a common practice in the cultivation of carrot (daucus carota l.) plants. it is there for seems important to test the changes that are occurring in this food crop under triazoles, the non-traditional plant growth regulators, treatments in order to identify the extent to which it tolerate the fungicide application and thereby make it an economical food crop. a field experiment was conducted to find out the effects of two triazole fungicides (hexaconazole ...	2007	17644352
simultaneous modelling of the thermal degradation kinetics of pectin methylesterase in lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) and carrot (daucus carota l.) extracts: analysis of seasonal variation and tissue type.	the thermal degradation kinetics of pectin methylesterase (pme) from carrot and lettuce were studied. fresh extracts were exposed to temperatures from 55 to 70 degrees c until the enzyme was inactivated. a model based on the presence of two forms of the enzyme, one active and one non-active, is proposed. the natural variability of the pme activity was taken into the model in the form of normally distributed random effects. the common model parameters obtained (cleavage constant (0.0395+/-0.0062 ...	2007	17928712
the impact of cu treatment on phenolic and polyamine levels in plant material regenerated from embryos obtained in anther culture of carrot.	the influence of copper sulphate on the regeneration of carrot (daucus carota l.) androgenic embryos and changes in the levels of phenolic substances and polyamines that might be indicative of the response to oxidative stress were investigated. the cultivation on the regeneration medium supplemented with cu(2+) at the concentrations 1 and 10 microm for 15 weeks resulted in significant dose-dependent inhibition of the growth and organogenic ability of carrot embryos. the total content of phenolic ...	2007	17303431
cloning and expression of dcga gene encoding alpha subunit of gtp-binding protein in carrot seedlings.	a homology-based cloning strategy yielded a cdna clone designated dcga, presumably encoding alpha subunit of gtp-binding protein, from carrot (daucus carota) seedlings. molecular phylogenetic tree analysis of g protein alpha subunits from various biological sources suggested that, unlike in animal cells, classification of galpha proteins into specific subfamilies could not be applicable to the proteins from higher plants. the restriction digests prepared from genomic dna of carrot showed one or ...	2007	17827744
[advanced study on serk genes family].	somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinase (serk) genes were identified in different plant species, such as daucus carota, arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. studies of these genes showed that they have conserved structures and expression patterns. these genes are not only expressed in embryogenic tissues, but also in post-embryogenic development. they function in embryogenesis and reproductive development and defences in particular, related signal transduction pathways.	2007	17650484
the dcmaster transposon display maps polymorphic insertion sites in the carrot (daucus carota l.) genome.	dcmaster is a family of pif/harbinger-like class ii transposable elements identified in carrot. we present a modified transposon display molecular marker system allowing amplification of genomic regions containing dcmaster elements. we scored 77 dcmaster transposon display (dcmtd) amplicons, of which 54 (70%) were segregating in the f(2) progeny from the cross between wild and cultivated carrot. segregating amplicons were incorporated into a previously developed molecular linkage map of carrot. ...	2007	17011731
improvement of texture properties and flavor of frozen dough by carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein supplementation.	the effects of concentrated carrot protein (ccp) containing 15.4% (w/w) carrot (daucus carota) antifreeze protein on texture properties of frozen dough and volatile compounds of crumb were studied. ccp supplementation lowered the freezable water content of the dough, resulting in some beneficial effects including holding loaf volume steadily and making the dough softer and steadier during frozen storage. furthermore, spme-gc-ms analysis showed ccp supplementation did not give any negative influe ...	2007	17935294
plasma membrane "rosettes" in carrot and sycamore suspension culture cells.	suspension culture cells of carrot, daucus carota l., and sycamore, acer pseudoplatanus l., were freeze-fractured after ultrarapid freezing without fixation or cryoprotection in a propane-jet freezer. infrequently, rosettes (ca. 24 nm diameter) of six (occasionally five) subunits (ca. 8 nm diameter) were observed in p-face views of the plasma membrane of both taxa. when present, rosette density was approximately 1/micron 2. generally, rosettes were less frequently seen on plasma membranes exhibi ...	2007	3835284
kdc2, a functional homomeric potassium channel expressed during carrot embryogenesis.	in daucus carota, the model system for embryogenesis, it has been demonstrated that potassium and k(+) selective channels are involved in embryo development. here, we report the isolation and cloning of a new carrot shaker-like potassium channel, potassium d. carota channel 2 (kdc2), whose expression pattern during somatic embryogenesis proceeds along with the establishment of the polar axes and the settlement of the hypocotyl region. in plants, kdc2 transcript is localized at the shoot level, i ...	2006	16934807
two sweetpotato adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase isoforms are regulated antagonistically in response to sucrose content in storage roots.	the transcriptional regulation of adp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (agpase) genes in detached leaves in response to exogenous sucrose has been investigated earlier; however the effects of endogenous sucrose on agpase gene transcription in leaves or starch-accumulating tissues have not yet been determined. we therefore have investigated the relationship between endogenous sucrose content in the storage tissues of sweetpotato (ipomoea batatas cv. yulmi) and the rate of transcription of the two sweetp ...	2006	16338103
redox modulation of the activity of dna topoisomerase i from carrot (daucus carota) mitochondria.		2006	11712157
cryopreservation of carrot (daucus carota l.) cell suspensions and protoplasts by vitrification.	carrot cell suspensions and protoplasts were successfully cryopreserved by vitrification. cells were precultured in liquid murashige and skoog medium containing 0.175 m sucrose for 3 d and then in liquid ms medium containing 0.4 m sorbitol for 1 d. after loading of the precultured carrot cells in 25 % pvs2 at room temperature for 5 min and treatment with 100 % pvs2 at 0 degrees c for 7.5 min, they were quenched in liquid nitrogen. optimal survival was 83.3 % (based on the triphenyl tetrazolium c ...	2006	12644854
characterization of the non-specific lipid transfer protein ep2 from carrot (daucus carota l.).	the extracellular protein ep2 was previously identified as non-specific lipid transfer protein based on its cdna-derived amino acid sequence. here, the purification of the ep2 protein from the medium of somatic embryo cultures is described. after two cycles of ion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography, a single silver-stained protein band with an apparent molecular mass of 10 kda was observed on sds-page. this protein band was recognized by the antiserum raised against a ep2-beta-galactosid ...	2006	8232259
availability of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc to various vegetables grown in slag-contaminated soils.	to anticipate a possible hazard resulting from the plant uptake of metals from slag-contaminated soils, it is useful to study whether vegetables exist that are able to mobilize a given metal in the slag to a larger proportion than in an uncontaminated control soil. for this purpose, we studied the soil to plant transfer of arsenic, copper, lead, thallium, and zinc by the vegetables bean (phaseolus vulgaris l. 'dwarf bean modus'), kohlrabi (brassica oleracea var. gongylodes l.), mangold (beta vul ...	2006	11401283
efficacy of eight larvicidal botanical extracts from khaya senegalensis and daucus carota against culex annulirostris.	the failure to discover a significant new class of insecticides has led many researchers back to biodiscovery studies in the search for new and economically viable alternatives. after a preliminary screening of botanical extracts using descending series of concentrations (1,000, 500, 100, 50, and 5 mg/liter), 8 extracts from 2 potential botanical agents, khaya senegalensis (desrousseaux) and daucus carota l., were tested against 4th instars of culex annulirostris (skuse) following the standard w ...	2006	17067042
seed germination in response to chemicals: effect of nitrogen and ph in the media.	seed germination generally presents a peak in the next growing season after a fire. among other factors associated with fire are the increase of soil nitrogen and changes in the ph of the soil. in this study, we addressed the question, whether or not the germination response of eight species is linked with the increase in ph and nitrogenous compounds in the germination media? we assessed the separate and combined effects of nitrogenous compounds and ph on the percentage and rate of germination o ...	2006	16850869