Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a pickled plum of a problem. | 2007 | 17765045 | |
| role of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) and its secondary hosts in plum pox virus propagation. | plum pox virus (family potyviridae, genus potyvirus, ppv) is one of the most important viral pathogens of plants in the genus prunus, particularly prunus persica l. the role of the myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) as a vector of ppv-m, and its role in spreading ppv-m, was investigated. ppv-m-infected peach trees were used as inoculum sources, and transmission to 15 herbaceous species commonly present in and around peach orchards was evaluated. the presence of ppv-m in secondary hos ... | 2007 | 17849850 |
| adaptation of plum pox virus to a herbaceous host (pisum sativum) following serial passages. | plum pox virus (ppv) populations from peaches are able to adapt consistently to herbaceous hosts, characterized by a reduction in time to symptom development, increases in inoculation efficiency and increased titres. ppv adaptation was studied by using pea (pisum sativum) as an alternative host. two isolates of ppv from peaches were inoculated and passaged in peas ten times using either aphid or mechanical inoculation, generating four independent passage lines. mechanical-transmission efficiency ... | 2007 | 17872538 |
| a chimeric plum pox virus shows reduced spread and cannot compete with its parental wild-type viruses in a mixed infection. | the effect of a recombination event in the genomic 3' end on the biological properties and competitiveness of plum pox virus (ppv) was investigated. therefore, a fragment spanning the coat protein (cp) coding region and a part of the 3' non-translated region of a non-aphid-transmissible strain of ppv (ppv-nat) was replaced by the corresponding region of a ppv sour cherry isolate (ppv-soc). the resulting chimera (ppv-nat/soc) caused severe symptoms in nicotiana benthamiana, resembling those of pp ... | 2007 | 17872539 |
| molecular characterization and detection of plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus. | the complete rna genome of plum bark necrosis stem pitting-associated virus (pbnspav) was cloned and sequenced and was determined to be 14, 214 nts long. the genome structure revealed seven major open reading frames (orfs), and nontranslated regions at the 5' and 3' ends. pbnspav represents the simplest genome organization in the genus ampelovirus, family closteroviridae. the orfs 1a and 1b encode, respectively, a large polyprotein with a molecular mass (mr) of 259.6 kda containing conserved dom ... | 2007 | 17885796 |
| analysis of the complete genome of peach chlorotic mottle virus: identification of non-aug start codons, in vitro coat protein expression, and elucidation of serological cross-reactions. | the entire genome of peach chlorotic mottle virus (pcmv), originally identified as prunus persica cv. agua virus (4n6), was sequenced and analysed. pcmv cross-reacts with antisera to diverse viruses, such as plum pox virus (ppv), genus potyvirus, family potyviridae; and apple stem pitting virus (aspv), genus foveavirus, family flexiviridae. the pcmv genome consists of 9005 nucleotides (nts), excluding a poly(a) tail at the 3' end of the genome. five open reading frames (orfs) were identified wit ... | 2007 | 17891331 |
| electrophoretic mobility of the capsid protein of the plum pox virus strain ppv-rec indicates its partial phosphorylation. | a double-band sds-page profile was found reproducible for capsid protein (cp) of plum pox virus (ppv) isolates belonging to the strain ppv-rec. the double-band was also present in the virus population multiplied in various plants. a single-lesion passage in a hypersensitive host chenopodium foetidum showed that its presence was not a result of a mixed infection. we found that the two electrophoretic forms of cp shared identical n-terminus. therefore, they did not originate from an alternative pr ... | 2007 | 17900221 |
| chlorogenic acid, a polyphenol from prunus domestica (mirabelle), with coupled anxiolytic and antioxidant effects. | oxidative stress is linked to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and to some behaviors, such as anxiety and depression. in particular, recent research observed a close relationship between oxidative stress and anxiety. | 2007 | 17698084 |
| combinations of two amino acids (ala40 and phe75 or ser40 and tyr75) in the coat protein of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus are crucial for infectivity. | amino acid sequences of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) coat protein (cp) were compared between 12 isolates from apple, plum and cherry, and 109 cdna clones that were amplified directly from infected apple tissues. phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of cp showed that the isolates and cdna clones were separated into two major clusters in which the combinations of the five amino acids at positions 40, 59, 75, 130 and 184 (ala(40)-val(59)-phe(75)-ser(130)-met(184) or se ... | 2007 | 17698674 |
| phytosterol pygeum africanum regulates prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. | prostate cancer is an important public health problem. it is an excellent candidate disease for chemoprevention because prostate cancer is typically slow growing and is usually diagnosed in elderly males. pygeum africanum (prunus africana or rosaceae) is an african prune (plum) tree found in tropical africa. an extract from the bark of pygeum africanum has been used in europe as a prevention and treatment of prostate disorders including benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph). more recently in the us ... | 2007 | 17709901 |
| comparative expression profiling of nicotiana benthamiana leaves systemically infected with three fruit tree viruses. | plant viruses cause a wide array of disease symptoms and cytopathic effects. although some of these changes are virus specific, many appear to be common even among diverse viruses. currently, little is known about the underlying molecular determinants. to identify gene expression changes that are concomitant with virus symptoms, we performed comparative expression profiling experiments on nicotiana benthamiana leaves infected with one of three different fruit tree viruses that produce distinct s ... | 2007 | 17722703 |
| [systematic assessment of acupuncture for treatment of herpes zoster in domestic clinical studies]. | to assess the effectiveness of acupuncture for treatment of herpes zoster. | 2007 | 17722838 |
| sentential, lexical, and acoustic effects on the perception of word boundaries. | this study investigates the effects of sentential context, lexical knowledge, and acoustic cues on the segmentation of connected speech. listeners heard near-homophonous phrases (e.g., plmpai for "plum pie" versus "plump eye") in isolation, in a sentential context, or in a lexically biasing context. the sentential context and the acoustic cues were piloted to provide strong versus mild support for one segmentation alternative (plum pie) or the other (plump eye). the lexically biasing context fav ... | 2007 | 17614511 |
| safety of virus-resistant transgenic plants two decades after their introduction: lessons from realistic field risk assessment studies. | potential safety issues have been raised with the development and release of virus-resistant transgenic plants. this review focuses on safety assessment with a special emphasis on crops that have been commercialized or extensively tested in the field such as squash, papaya, plum, grape, and sugar beet. we discuss topics commonly perceived to be of concern to the environment and to human health--heteroencapsidation, recombination, synergism, gene flow, impact on nontarget organisms, and food safe ... | 2007 | 17408355 |
| identifying fecal sources in a selected catchment reach using multiple source-tracking tools. | given known limitations of current microbial source-tracking (mst) tools, emphasis on small, simple study areas may enhance interpretations of fecal contamination sources in streams. in this study, three mst tools-escherichia coli repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (rep-pcr), coliphage typing, and bacteroidales 16s rdna host-associated markers-were evaluated in a selected reach of plum creek in south-central nebraska. water-quality samples were collected from six sites. one reach was s ... | 2007 | 17412907 |
| stage- and tissue-expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signalling of ethylene in reproductive organs of damson plum (prunus domestica l. subsp. insititia). | in this work, four cdna clones (pd-acs1,aj890088; pd-etr1 and pd-ers1, aj890092, aj890091; and pd-ctr1, aj890089) encoding an acc-synthase, two putative ethylene (et) receptors, and a putative mapkkk, respectively, were isolated and phylogenetically characterized in prunus domestica l. subsp. insititia. their expression was studied by real-time pcr during flower (closed, open and senescent) and fruit (early green, late green, maturation and ripening) development of damson plum, which is climater ... | 2007 | 17416534 |
| susceptibility of native and non-native common reed to the non-native mealy plum aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in north america. | an aggressive, non-native haplotype (distinct genetic lineage within a species) of phragmites australis is invading brackish and freshwater systems in the eastern united states, potentially displacing native haplotypes. we studied the differential susceptibility of native and non-native populations collected from sites throughout north america to the non-native aphid, hyalopterus pruni. in a greenhouse study, we found significantly higher aphid populations on native haplotypes than on the non-na ... | 2007 | 17445381 |
| comment on nutrients and antioxidant molecules in yellow plums (prunus domestica l.) from conventional and organic productions: a comparative study. | 2007 | 17447783 | |
| impact of temperature on plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) responses to odor-baited traps. | in 2005, captures of overwintered adult plum curculios, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), in standard black masonite pyramid traps deployed in apple (malus spp.) orchards from half-inch green until fruit reached 7 mm and baited with known attractants did not result in significant captures compared with unbaited traps as they had in 2003 and 2004. these baits included the synthetic aggregation pheromone, grandisoic acid (ga) alone, a six-component synthetic host plant v ... | 2007 | 17461056 |
| plasma antioxidant capacity changes following a meal as a measure of the ability of a food to alter in vivo antioxidant status. | determine 1) if consumption of a meal of different fruits or berries increases plasma hydrophilic (h-) or lipophilic (l-) antioxidant capacity (aoc) measured as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac(fl)); 2) if including macronutrients in the meal alters postprandial changes in aoc; and 3) if preliminary recommendations can be developed for antioxidant intake. | 2007 | 17536129 |
| genetic evidence from mitochondrial, nuclear, and endosymbiont markers for the evolution of host plant associated species in the aphid genus hyalopterus (hemiptera: aphididae). | over the past several decades biologists' fascination with plant-herbivore interactions has generated intensive research into the implications of these interactions for insect diversification. the study of closely related phytophagous insect species or populations from an evolutionary perspective can help illuminate ecological and selective forces that drive these interactions. here we present such an analysis for aphids in the genus hyalopterus (hemiptera: aphididae), a cosmopolitan group that ... | 2007 | 17542845 |
| plum-pudding gels as a platform for drug delivery: understanding the effects of the different components on the diffusion behavior of solutes. | the internal structure of composite gels made of responsive microgel particles inserted into a bulk hydrogel (n-isopropylacrylamide microgel particles in a cross-linked dimethylacrylamide matrix) has been investigated from the diffusion behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (peg) probes through the network, in the absence of specific interactions between the diffusing molecules and the system. the effect of the different components has been examined, for example, the size of the probe, the bulk stru ... | 2007 | 17547442 |
| comparison of dried plum supplementation and intermittent pth in restoring bone in osteopenic orchidectomized rats. | bone loss was confirmed after 90 days in 50 6-month-old male sprague dawley rats that were sham-operated or orchidectomized (orx). in this study, we have shown that dried plum (dp) has potent effects on bone in terms of bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength in osteopenic male rats. although these changes may be mediated through the suppression of bone resorption, the fact that the restoration in some of the bone structural and biomechanical parameter shares some similarities with parathyroi ... | 2007 | 17554580 |
| novel life stage targets against plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), in apple integrated pest management. | in this study the authors employed the plant-insect-chemistry (pic) triad to investigate two novel life stage targets against the plum curculio (pc), conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), in apple integrated pest management (ipm). laboratory treated apple bioassays were used to determine if the insect growth regulator (igr) insecticides novaluron and tebufenozide have physiological effects on pc larvae following adult exposure. curative activity bioassays were conducted for igr, neonicotinoid, oxidia ... | 2007 | 17575566 |
| [seasonal variation of food intake in food frequency questionnaire among workers in a nuclear power plant]. | this study was conducted to investigate the systematic error, such as seasonal change or inadequate food items, in a food frequency questionnaire administered to workers in a nuclear power plant, korea. | 2007 | 17577080 |
| pyriproxyfen activates reproduction in prediapause northern strain plum curculio (conotrachelus nenuphar herbst). | field-collected, prediapause northern strain plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), adults were treated with the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen to assess effects on reproductive development. adults of this pest have an obligate winter reproductive diapause and do not reach reproductive maturity until after spring emergence. topical (1.0 microl) doses of 10, 1.0 and 0.1 microg microl(-1) pyriproxyfen induced oocyte development and reproductive maturation in all treated females as ... | 2007 | 17590858 |
| impact of trap architecture, adjacent habitats, abiotic factors, and host plant phenology on captures of plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) adults. | pyramid traps, 2.44 m and 3.66 m in height, were compared with standard-sized pyramid traps, 1.22 m in height, to assess the impact of trap architecture on captures of adult plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), in two apple (malus spp.) orchards and a blueberry (vaccinium spp.) planting. the effects of adjacent habitat (organic orchard versus wooded areas), abiotic factors, and phenological stages of apple also were assessed to determine whether these varia ... | 2007 | 17598533 |
| novel lipophilic tracking dyes for monitoring cell proliferation. | the advent of contemporary digital instrumentation has enhanced both the potential and the complexity of flow cytometric experiments, allowing for the detailed dissection of immune cell subsets and their functions. the use of cell tracking labels such as pkh26 and cfse has been important in observing such cellular functions, but their visible emission characteristics have limited the design of such analyses. as the demand for multiparametric flow cytometry intensifies, it will become increasingl ... | 2007 | 18161533 |
| isolation and characterization of four ethylene signal transduction elements in plums (prunus salicina l.). | plums are climacteric fruits: their ripening is associated with a burst of ethylene production and respiration rate. stone fruits, including plum, have a distinct pattern of growth and development, described as a double sigmoid pattern. in order to understand the developmental control of ethylene perception in plum, four ethylene perception and signal transduction components (epstcs) were characterized, including two etr1-like proteins (ps-etr1 and ps-ers1), a ctr1-like protein, and an ethylene- ... | 2007 | 18057041 |
| [biological effect of electrical plum-blossom needle for treatment of juvenile myopia]. | to observe therapeutic effect of electrical plum-blossom needle for treatment of juvenile myopia and biological effect on ocular tissue and structures. | 2007 | 18257345 |
| stony endocarp dimension and shape variation in prunus section prunus. | identification of prunus groups at subspecies or variety level is complicated by the wide range of variation and morphological transitional states. knowledge of the degree of variability within and between species is a sine qua non for taxonomists. here, a detailed study of endocarp dimension and shape variation for taxa of prunus section prunus is presented. | 2007 | 17965026 |
| susceptibility of fruit from diverse apple and crabapple germplasm to attack by plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae). | plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), is an important apple, malus domestica borkh., pest that significantly hinders sustainable apple production in eastern north america. the potential for host plant resistance to plum curculio among apple germplasm has never been rigorously evaluated. thus, studies were conducted to assess the susceptibility of a number of exotic and domestic malus accessions housed at the usda plant genetic resources unit (pgru) "core" co ... | 2007 | 17972646 |
| botryosphaeriaceae as potential pathogens of prunus species in south africa, with descriptions of diplodia africana and lasiodiplodia plurivora sp. nov. | botryosphaeriaceae are common dieback and canker pathogens of woody host plants, including stone fruit trees. in the present study the diversity of members of the botryosphaeriaceae isolated from symptomatic wood of prunus species (plum, peach, nectarine and apricot) was determined in stone fruit-growing areas in south africa. morphological and cultural characteristics as well as dna sequence data (5.8s rdna, its-1, its-2 and ef-1a) were used to identify known members and describe novel members ... | 2007 | 18268901 |
| [cranial vault reconstruction of plagiocephaly]. | treatments of unilateral lambdoid synostosis and unilateral coronal synostosis. | 2007 | 18269014 |
| self-compatible peach (prunus persica) has mutant versions of the s haplotypes found in self-incompatible prunus species. | this study demonstrates that self-compatible (sc) peach has mutant versions of s haplotypes that are present in self-incompatible (si) prunus species. all three peach s haplotypes, s (1), s (2), and s (2m), found in this study encode mutated pollen determinants, sfb, while only s (2m) has a mutation that affects the function of the pistil determinant s-rnase. a cysteine residue in the c5 domain of the s (2m)-rnase is substituted by a tyrosine residue, thereby reducing rnase stability. the peach ... | 2007 | 17006593 |
| cytogenetic characterization of lippia alba and lantana camara (verbenaceae) from brazil. | the aim of this work was to determine the cytogenetic characteristics of brazilian lippia alba (mill) n. e. brown and lantana camara plum. that could be useful for future characterization of these genera. our analyses revealed that li. alba has 2n=30 chromosomes consisting of ten metacentric and five submetacentric pairs, while la. camara has 44 metacentric chromosomes. the large blocks of heterochromatin seen in both species suggest an apomorphic condition. six 45s rdna sites were detected in b ... | 2007 | 17048044 |
| crop load affects maximum daily trunk shrinkage of plum trees. | we studied the effects of low fruit load (3-4 fruits cm(-2) of trunk cross-sectional area (tcsa), and high fruit load (6-7 fruits cm(-2) tcsa) on maximum daily trunk shrinkage (mds) and trunk growth rates (tgr) over two seasons in plum (prunus salicina lindell) trees receiving full irrigation or deficit irrigation. seasonal changes in mds and tgr were compared with those in midday stem water potential (psi(s)) and leaf stomatal conductance (g (s)). crop load increased g (s) in fully irrigated tr ... | 2007 | 17169910 |
| isothermal amplification coupled with rapid flow-through hybridisation for sensitive diagnosis of plum pox virus. | a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification method coupled with rapid flow-through hybridisation (nasba-fh) was developed for diagnosis of plum pox virus (ppv). the sensitivity level achieved by nasba-fh was 10 times higher than that obtained by co-pcr and 1000 times higher than the sensitivity afforded by rt-pcr. in addition, samples from 262 stone-fruit trees collected during winter and spring seasons were analysed. these samples were tested using methods recommended by the european and medite ... | 2007 | 17092572 |
| optimization of a full-scale dewatering operation based on the rheological characteristics of wastewater sludge. | rheology is the science that deals with the flow and deformation of materials, and it has become an important tool in optimizing sludge dewatering. this study presents torque rheology data to illustrate two different methods for polymer optimization. the methods can be used to optimize the polymer dose and mixing intensity, as well as to select the best performing product among a number of candidate polymers. the first method is used for unconditioned sludges, and utilizes the peaks observed aft ... | 2007 | 17303208 |
| use of pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis for functional mapping of the plum pox virus helper component proteinase suppressor of gene silencing. | helper component proteinase (hc-pro) of plum pox virus is a multifunctional potyvirus protein that has been examined intensively. in addition to its involvement in aphid transmission, genome amplification and long-distance movement, it is also one of the better-studied plant virus suppressors of rna silencing. the first systematic analysis using pentapeptide-insertion scanning mutagenesis of the silencing suppression function of a potyvirus hc-pro is presented here. sixty-three in-frame insertio ... | 2007 | 17325375 |
| leaf morphological and physiological adjustments to the spectrally selective shade imposed by anthocyanins in prunus cerasifera. | prunus domestica l. has green leaves, whereas prunus cerasifera ehrh. var. atropurpurea has red leaves due to the presence of mesophyll anthocyanins. we compared morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of these species, which were sampled from shoots grafted in pairs on p. domestica rootstocks, each pair comprising one shoot of each species. two hypotheses were tested: (1) anthocyanins protect red leaves against photoinhibition; and (2) red leaves display shade characteristics ... | 2007 | 17331903 |
| physical and chemical properties and adsorption type of activated carbon prepared from plum kernels by naoh activation. | activated carbon was prepared from plum kernels by naoh activation at six different naoh/char ratios. the physical properties including the bet surface area, the total pore volume, the micropore ratio, the pore diameter, the burn-off, and the scanning electron microscope (sem) observation as well as the chemical properties, namely elemental analysis and temperature programmed desorption (tpd), were measured. the results revealed a two-stage activation process: stage 1 activated carbons were obta ... | 2007 | 17363154 |
| [comparison of the efficiency of polygalacturonase and beta-glucosidase enzyme preparations in stabilization of cherry plum wine material]. | pektofoetidin and pectinex, enzyme preparations with the highest polygalacturonase and beta-glucosidase activities, were covalently immobilized on deae cellulose and aminosilochromes 10 and 30. after treatment of cherry plum wine material with the soluble and immobilized enzyme preparations, the content of phenolics increased by 26 and 40%, respectively. the increase was accompanied by a decrease in the protein content (by up to 37%), carbohydrate content (by 17% on the average), and antioxidant ... | 2006 | 17168299 |
| rapid determination of the main organic acid composition of raw japanese apricot fruit juices using near-infrared spectroscopy. | the potential of near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy to rapidly determine citric and malic acid contents of raw japanese apricot (japanese "ume", also known as the japanese plum) fruit juice was investigated. in total, 314 raw juice samples with different organic acid compositions were collected over a long growth period, and spectra (1100-1850 nm) of these samples were acquired using an nir spectrophotometer with a 1-mm path length. calibrations were performed using a partial least-squares regress ... | 2006 | 17177483 |
| sources of antioxidant activity in australian native fruits. identification and quantification of anthocyanins. | selected native australian fruits, muntries (kunzea pomifera f. muell., myrtaceae), tasmanian pepper berry (tasmanian lanceolata r. br., winteraceae), illawarra plum (podocarpus elatus r. br. ex endl., podocarpaceae), burdekin plum (pleiogynium timorense dc. leenh, anacardiaceae), cedar bay cherry (eugenia carissoides f. muell., myrtaceae), davidson's plum (davidsonia pruriens f. muell. var. pruriens, davidsoniaceae), and molucca raspberry (rubus moluccanus var. austropacificus van royen, rosace ... | 2006 | 17177507 |
| prune extract (prunus domestica l.) suppresses the proliferation and induces the apoptosis of human colon carcinoma caco-2. | prunes are the dried fruits of certain cultivars of prunus domestica l., and are recognized as a health food. the separated ethanol fraction from concentrated prune juice by diaion hp-20 (pe) was investigated for cytotoxic effects on two different cancer cell lines in vitro. pe dose-dependently reduced the viable cell number of caco-2, kato iii, but does not reduce the viable cell number of human normal colon fibroblast cells (ccd-18co) used as a normal cell model. pe treatment for 24 h led to a ... | 2006 | 17190111 |
| use of residue profile analysis to identify modes of insecticide activity contributing to control of plum curculio in apples. | residue profile analysis techniques were developed, along with laboratory and field-based bioassays to describe the modes of insecticidal activity responsible for the control of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), in apples (malus spp.). adult plum curculios were treated in laboratory topical bioassays to determine acute contact activity and lethal time for five insecticides. azinphosmethyl had the highest levels of toxicity and shortest lethal time values, followed by the neonic ... | 2006 | 17195673 |
| laboratory evaluation of flight performance of the plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae). | flight performance of laboratory-reared adults of the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), was investigated under controlled conditions by using a flight mill system. across all insects tested (n=198), median values of total distance traveled, total flight time, and maximum uninterrupted flight time were 122.7 m day(-1), 23.5 min day(-1), and 2.0 min, respectively. the latter result indicates that flight occurred primarily in short bursts. although females ... | 2006 | 17195674 |
| the lipid transfer proteins (ltp) essentially concentrate in the skin of rosaceae fruits as cell surface exposed allergens. | the localization and distribution of non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltp) allergens in the skin and pulp of rosaceae fruits (apple, peach, apricot, plum) has been investigated. nsltp essentially concentrate in the pericarp of the fruits whereas the pulp contains lower amounts of allergens. immunolocalization showed they are primarily located in the cytosol but are subsequently excreted and finally accumulate at the plasmalemma-cell wall interface and in the cell wall. however, high discr ... | 2006 | 17064926 |
| distribution of cryptococcus gattii and cryptococcus neoformans in decayed trunk wood of syzygium cumini trees in north-western india. | the aim of this study is to report the regional distribution of cryptococcus. gattii and cryptococcus. neoformans in decayed wood inside trunk hollows of syzygium cumini trees (java plum, indian black berry) investigated in amritsar (panjab), meerut cantt. and bulandshahr (uttar pradesh) and delhi, in north-western india. two hundred and seventeen wood samples collected from 74 s. cumini trees were investigated. this includes 7 known positive s. cumini trees in delhi subjected to a mycological s ... | 2006 | 17071556 |
| treatment of the localized neurodermatitis by plum-blossom needle tapping and with the modified yangxue dingfeng tang--a clinical observation of 47 cases. | to observe the therapeutic effects of plum-blossom needle tapping combined with the modified yangxue dingfeng tang (a decoction for nourishing the blood and expelling wind) for the localized neurodermatitis. | 2006 | 17078443 |
| cloning and characterization of a cowpea seed lipid transfer protein cdna: expression analysis during seed development and under fungal and cold stresses in seedlings' tissues. | lipid transfer proteins (ltps) are antimicrobial peptides (amps) involved in the defense of plants against pathogens. our group has previously characterized and purified a ltp from cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.) seeds which caused the inhibition of growth of fungal pathogens in vitro. the aim of this work was to obtain the cdna encoding the cowpea ltp and after cloning, to use the cdna as a probe for studying its expression profile during the development of cowpea seeds. in this work, the ... | 2006 | 17084637 |
| use of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of plum pox virus. | a one step, accelerated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) procedure was developed for the detection of plum pox virus (ppv). the six primers required for accelerated rt-lamp were designed using a conserved region in the c-terminus of the coat protein coding region of ppv. rt-lamp was used to detect isolates of five strains of ppv including the strains d, m, ea, c, and w. the virus was detected reliably in both infected herbaceous and woody hosts. rt-lamp was ... | 2006 | 17011051 |
| mapping of two o-glcnac modification sites in the capsid protein of the potyvirus plum pox virus. | a large number of o-linked n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac) residues have been mapped in vertebrate proteins, however targets of o-glcnacylation in plants still have not been characterized. we show here that o-glcnacylation of the n-terminal region of the capsid protein of plum pox virus resembles that of animal proteins in introducing o-glcnac monomers. thr-19 and thr-24 were specifically o-glcnacylated. these residues are surrounded by amino acids typical of animal o-glcnac acceptor sites, sugge ... | 2006 | 17014851 |
| salicylic acid-mediated and rna-silencing defense mechanisms cooperate in the restriction of systemic spread of plum pox virus in tobacco. | plum pox virus (ppv) is able to replicate in inoculated leaves of nicotiana tabacum, but is defective in systemic movement in this host. however, ppv produces a systemic infection in transgenic tobacco expressing the silencing suppressor p1/hc-pro from tobacco etch virus (tev). in this work we show that ppv is able to move to upper non-inoculated leaves of tobacco plants expressing bacterial salicylate hydroxylase (nahg) that degrades salicylic acid (sa). replication and accumulation of ppv is h ... | 2006 | 17018032 |
| secret agent, an arabidopsis thaliana o-glcnac transferase, modifies the plum pox virus capsid protein. | the capsid protein of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) is modified with o-linked glcnac (o-glcnac). while arabidopsis has two o-glcnac transferases, secret agent (sec) and spindly (spy), previous work suggests that sec modifies ppv-cp and that the modification plays a role in the infection process. here, we show that when co-expressed in escherichia coli sec modifies ppv-cp. deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis identified three threonine and a serine located near the n-terminus of ppv-cp that a ... | 2006 | 17027982 |
| production of plum pox virus hc-pro functionally active for aphid transmission in a transient-expression system. | potyviruses are non-persistently transmitted by aphid vectors with the assistance of a viral accessory factor known as helper component (hc-pro), a multifunctional protein that is also involved in many other essential processes during the virus infection cycle. a transient agrobacterium-mediated expression system was used to produce plum pox virus (ppv) hc-pro in nicotiana benthamiana leaves from constructs that incorporated the 5' region of the genome, yielding high levels of hc-pro in agroinfi ... | 2006 | 17030878 |
| the apoplastic antioxidant system in prunus: response to long-term plum pox virus infection. | this work describes, for the first time, the changes taking place in the antioxidative system of the leaf apoplast in response to plum pox virus (ppv) in different prunus species showing different susceptibilities to ppv. the presence of p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (phmb)-sensitive ascorbate peroxidase (apx) (class i apx) and phmb-insensitive apx (class iii apx), superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidase (pox), nadh-pox, and polyphenoloxidase (ppo) was described in the apoplast from both peach and ... | 2006 | 17043083 |
| transfection of arabidopsis protoplasts with a plum pox virus (ppv) infectious clone for studying early molecular events associated with ppv infection. | the development of novel strategies against plant viral diseases relies on a better understanding of molecular virus-host interactions. here, we report an easy, efficient and reproducible protocol for arabidopsis protoplast isolation and transfection to study the infection and replication of a potyvirus, plum pox virus (ppv). macerozyme and cellulose were used to release protoplasts from arabidopsis leaf tissues, and polyethylene glycol-mediated dna uptake was employed for transfection of a ppv ... | 2006 | 16777241 |
| detection of 6k1 as a mature protein of 6 kda in plum pox virus-infected nicotiana benthamiana. | the rna genome of plum pox virus (ppv) encodes one large polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into mature viral proteins. one of the products of proteolytic processing, the 6k1 protein, has not yet been identified in vivo for any member of the genus potyvirus. in this study, 6k1-specific polyclonal antiserum was raised against ppv 6k1 expressed in escherichia coli as a translational fusion with the n terminus of avian troponin c and an unusual metal-binding cluster of troponin t-1. for detec ... | 2006 | 16847134 |
| use of dried high-phenolic laden host leaves for virus and viroid preservation and detection by pcr methods. | the efficiency of rna extraction for apricot latent virus (aplv), plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (pbnspav), prunus necrotic ring spot virus (pnrsv), potato virus y (pvy), and apple scar skin viroid (assvd) from infected hosts is of great importance for molecular diagnosis by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a method is described for drying tissue to overcome phenolic inhibitors of viral rna. this study showed that the infected host leaves, dried at 65 degrees c for 2 days a ... | 2006 | 16879877 |
| [total calvarial reconstruction for sagittal synostosis]. | to study the technique of total calvaria reconstruction for sagittal synostosis. | 2006 | 16883885 |
| dried plum prevents bone loss in a male osteoporosis model via igf-i and the rank pathway. | previously, dietary supplementation with dried plums, a rich source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has been shown to improve bone density, microstructure and biomechanics in female animal models of osteopenia. we designed this study to determine the extent to which dried plum prevents skeletal deterioration in gonadal hormone deficient male animals and to begin to understand its mechanism of action. sixty 6-month-old male sprague-dawley rats were eit ... | 2006 | 16890505 |
| characterization of the recombinant forms arising from a potato virus x chimeric virus infection under rna silencing pressure. | recombination is a frequent phenomenon in rna viruses whose net result is largely influenced by selective pressures. rna silencing in plants acts as a defense mechanism against viruses and can be used to engineer virus resistance. here, we have investigated the influence of rna silencing as a selective pressure to favor recombinants of pvx-hct, a chimeric potato virus x (pvx) vector carrying the helper-component proteinase (hc-pro) gene from plum pox virus (ppv). all the plants from two lines ex ... | 2006 | 16903356 |
| analysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfual in coffee, dried fruits and urine. | 5-hydroxymethylfurfural has become a substance of interest since recent results showed a possible carcinogenic potential in consequence of a metabolic activation by sulfotransferases. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is formed either by acid catalysed degradation of reducing sugars or via the maillard reaction. this work provides an overview of foods potentially containing high amounts of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. it comprises dried fruits with a high sugar content that were exposed to heat for a long tim ... | 2006 | 16917810 |
| novel "plum pudding" gels as potential drug-eluting stent coatings: controlled release of fluvastatin. | this study evaluated novel structural motifs known as "plum pudding" gels as potential drug-eluting stent coatings. controlled delivery of a hmg-coa reductase inhibitor (statin) from the intravascular stent surface represents a potential therapeutic modality for prevention of in-stent restenosis (isr). in this study, gels were comprised of fluvastatin-loaded thermoresponsive microgel particles containing the relatively hydrophilic n-isopropylacrylamide (nipaam), mixed with the more hydrophobic n ... | 2006 | 16941598 |
| monocytic/macrophagic pneumonitis after intrabronchial deposition of vascular endothelial growth factor in neonatal lambs. | preterm and young neonates are prone to inadequate surfactant production and are susceptible to respiratory distress syndrome characterized by alveolar damage and hyaline-membrane formation. glucocorticoid therapy is commonly used in preterm and young infants to enhance lung maturation and surfactant synthesis. recently, vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) was suggested to be a novel therapeutic agent for lung maturation that lacked adverse effects in mice. the purpose of this study was to ... | 2006 | 16966446 |
| phenolic acids in berries, fruits, and beverages. | the contents of soluble and total phenolic acids were analyzed in samples of 29 berries and berry products, 24 fruits and fruit peels, and 12 beverages. variation of phenolic acids in berries was also studied. soluble phenolic acids were extracted with methanolic acetic acid, and a tentative quantification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the total phenolic acid content was determined by hplc after alkaline and acid hydrolyses. the content of total phenolic acids a ... | 2006 | 16968082 |
| rna silencing suppression by a second copy of the p1 serine protease of cucumber vein yellowing ipomovirus, a member of the family potyviridae that lacks the cysteine protease hcpro. | the p1 protein of viruses of the family potyviridae is a serine proteinase, which is highly variable in length and sequence, and its role in the virus infection cycle is not clear. one of the proposed activities of p1 is to assist hcpro, the product that viruses of the genus potyvirus use to counteract antiviral defense mediated by rna silencing. indeed, an hcpro-coding region is present in all the genomes of members of the genera potyvirus, rymovirus, and tritimovirus that have been sequenced. ... | 2006 | 17005683 |
| real-time rt-pcr and sybr green i melting curve analysis for the identification of plum pox virus strains c, ea, and w: effect of amplicon size, melt rate, and dye translocation. | real-time rt-pcr and sybr green i melt curve analysis of a 74 bp amplicon enabled identification of plum pox virus strains c, ea, and w, with distinct t(m)'s associated with each strain. this test is a useful supplement to a real-time rt-pcr test described earlier that was used to distinguish ppv strains d and m. a longer fragment of 155 bp was not effective for strain identification. a simplified one-tube protocol, with dithiothreitol eliminated from the reaction, showed similar sensitivity whe ... | 2006 | 16293321 |
| questions location of plum island facility. | 2006 | 16426161 | |
| blackberry (rubus spp.): a ph-dependent oral contrast medium for gastrointestinal tract images by magnetic resonance imaging. | in this study, seven fruits have been tested on their magnetic properties, paramagnetic metal content and contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of phantom and in vivo. magnetic susceptibility was determined for the fruit pulps, as well as the contents of paramagnetic metals; iron, manganese and copper. the total content of these metals was 4.3, 8.6, 11.1, 10.9, 12.3, 8.3 and 29.3 mg/kg of fruit for plum, blueberry, apple (red), pineapple, beet, grape, blackberry, respectively, ... | 2006 | 16455409 |
| peacock or plum? reflections on academic research career pathways. | purpose of the paper: this paper critically deconstructs academic career pathways in research and explores possible future directions. | 2006 | 16458998 |
| distinct viral populations differentiate and evolve independently in a single perennial host plant. | the complex structure of virus populations has been the object of intensive study in bacteria, animals, and plants for over a decade. while it is clear that tremendous genetic diversity is rapidly generated during viral replication, the distribution of this diversity within a single host remains an obscure area in this field of science. among animal viruses, only human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis c virus populations have recently been thoroughly investigated at an intrahost level, where ... | 2006 | 16474141 |
| microrna-guided processing impairs plum pox virus replication, but the virus readily evolves to escape this silencing mechanism. | since the discovery of microrna (mirna)-guided processing, a new type of rna silencing, the possibility that such a mechanism could play a role in virus defense has been proposed. in this work, we have analyzed whether plum pox virus (ppv) chimeras bearing mirna target sequences (mir171, mir167, and mir159), which have been reported to be functional in arabidopsis, were affected by mirna function in three different host plants. some of these ppv chimeras had clearly impaired infectivity compared ... | 2006 | 16474149 |
| gamma-irradiated dry fruits. an example of a wide variety of long-time dependent epr spectra. | epr spectra of dry, sugar containing fruits--raisins, sultanas, figs, dates, peaches, blue plums and chokeberry recorded before and after irradiation with gamma-rays, are reported. it is shown that weak singlet epr line with 2.0031+/-0.0005 can be recorded before irradiation of seeds, stones or skin of chokeberry, figs and raisins as well as flesh of blue plum, raisins and peaches. epr signals of various shape are distinguished after irradiation in different parts of the fruits, as well as in ra ... | 2006 | 16497546 |
| ppv long-distance movement is occasionally permitted in resistant apricot hosts. | the interactions between plum pox virus (ppv), a member of the potyvirus genus, and prunus host plants are, up to now, poorly understood. in the current paper, fluorescence stereomicroscopy, in situ hybridisation and immunogold detection were performed in order to evaluate the virus transport and cellular distribution. the behavior of ppv in several susceptible (cv. "moniqui" and "screara") and resistant apricot genotypes (cv. "harlayne", "henderson", "harcot", "goldrich", "stella" and "stark ea ... | 2006 | 16504333 |
| calibration of sap flow estimated by the compensation heat pulse method in olive, plum and orange trees: relationships with xylem anatomy. | the compensation heat pulse method is widely used to estimate sap flow in conducting organs of woody plants. being an invasive technique, calibration is crucial to derive correction factors for accurately estimating the sap flow value from the measured heat pulse velocity. we compared the results of excision and perfusion calibration experiments made with mature olive (olea europaea l. 'manzanilla de sevilla'), plum (prunus domestica l. 'songal') and orange (citrus sinensis (l.) osbeck. 'cadener ... | 2006 | 16510387 |
| usefulness of diurnal trunk shrinkage as a water stress indicator in plum trees. | we compared seasonal changes in maximum diurnal trunk shrinkage (mds) with seasonal changes in midday stem water potential (psi(s)) over three years in plum trees grown in differing drip-irrigated regimes. in well-irrigated trees, day-to-day variations in psi(s) and mds were related to evaporative demand. reference equations were obtained to predict mds and psi(s) values for well-irrigated trees as functions of environmental conditions. a decrease in plant water status toward the end of the grow ... | 2006 | 16356902 |
| flower fertilization and fruit development prompt changes in free polyamines and ethylene in damson plum (prunus insititia l.). | the flower opening of damson plum (prunus insititia l.) was accompanied by an increase in the content of free-polyamines (pa) in the sepals, petals and sex organs, the ovary being most active in accumulating spermine (spm). the fertilization process and senescence brought on a decline in ovarian spm, but stimulated putrescine (put) and spermidine (spd) content in the sepals. the endocarp of this climacteric fruit produced only ethylene at the end of the s1 phase and throughout s2, in which there ... | 2006 | 16360807 |
| characterization and partial genome sequence of stocky prune virus, a new member of the genus cheravirus. | characterization of a seemingly new spherical virus isolated from severely affected plum trees in south-western france indicated that its divided genome is composed of two single-stranded, polyadenylated rnas of approximately 7.4 and 3.7 kb. its particles are composed of three coat protein subunits of approximately 23, 23.5, and 24.5 kda. partial sequencing of the genomic rnas indicated that this new virus, tentatively named stocky prune virus (stpv), is distantly related to the two sequenced ch ... | 2006 | 16380812 |
| the complete genome sequence of an el amar isolate of plum pox virus (ppv) and its phylogenetic relationship to other ppv strains. | the genomic sequence of an el amar isolate of plum pox virus (ppv) from egypt was determined by sequencing overlapping cdna fragments. this is the first complete sequence of a member of the el amar (ea) strain of ppv. the genome consists of 9791 nt, excluding a poly(a) tail at the 3' terminus. the complete nt sequence of ppv ea is 79-80%, 80%, 77%, and 77% homologous with isolates of strains d/m, rec (bor3), c, and w, respectively. the polyprotein identity ranged from 87-91%. phylogenetic analys ... | 2006 | 16397750 |
| pesticides and metabolites in cassava, eucalyptus, plum and cashew leaves and roots in relation to a point source in kibaha, tanzania. | leaves of eucalyptus sp., prunus domestica (plum), and anacardium occidentale (cashew), as well as roots and leaves of manihot esculenta (cassava) were used to study the local distribution of pesticides and metabolites from a point source, an old storage site at vikuge farm in tanzania. the gpc-cleaned extracts were analyzed by gc-ecd and gc/ms. eleven organochlorine pesticide residues namely pentachloroanisole, p,p'-ddt, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-dde, o,p'-dde, p,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddd, alpha-hch, beta-hch, del ... | 2006 | 16403548 |
| inhibitory effects of fruit juices on cyp3a activity. | there have been very limited reports on the effects of commercial fruit juices on human cyp3a activity. therefore, the inhibitory effects of readily available commercial fruit juices on midazolam 1'-hydroxylase activity, a marker of cyp3a, were evaluated in pooled human liver microsomes. the fruit juices investigated were black raspberry, black mulberry, plum, and wild grape. white grapefruit, pomegranate, and orange juice were used as positive and negative controls. the black mulberry juice sho ... | 2006 | 16415112 |
| the cover. branche de prunier, fond vert (plum blossoms, green background). | 2006 | 16537726 | |
| plum pox virus induces differential gene expression in the partially resistant stone fruit tree prunus armeniaca cv. goldrich. | we investigated the changes in the expression profiles of the partially resistant apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) cultivar goldrich following inoculation with plum pox virus (ppv) using cdna-amplification fragment length polymorphism (aflp). altered expression patterns were detected and twenty-one differentially expressed cdna had homologies with genes in databases coding for proteins involved in metabolism, signal transduction, defense, stress and intra/intercellular connections. seven of the mod ... | 2006 | 16564142 |
| identification of a plum pox virus ci-interacting protein from chloroplast that has a negative effect in virus infection. | the cylindrical inclusion (ci) protein of potyviruses is involved in virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. these two processes should rely on multiple plant-virus interactions; however, little is known about the host factors that are involved in, or that may interfere with, ci functions. by using a yeast two-hybrid system, the ci protein from plum pox virus (ppv) was found to interact with the photosystem i psi-k protein, the product of the gene psak, of nicotiana benthamiana. coexpressio ... | 2006 | 16570664 |
| asian prunus viruses: new related members of the family flexiviridae in prunus germplasm of asian origin. | serological reactivity to plum pox virus (ppv) antisera has been described in several prunus sources of asian origin that are free of ppv infection. using polyvalent or specific pcr assays, the presence of three closely related agents in two of these sources, prunus mume cv. bungo and p. persica cv. ku chu'a hung, was demonstrated. similarities in genome organization and sequence comparisons indicate that these agents should be regarded as members of the genus foveavirus, their only singular tra ... | 2006 | 16621102 |
| chronic lymphocytic leukaemia skin infiltrates affecting prominent parts of the face and the scalp. | chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (cll) infiltrating the skin is uncommon and can present in different forms. we report a case of cll infiltrating the prominent parts of the face and the scalp. a 63-year-old male with a 10-year history of cll presented with plum-coloured swelling of the skin of the ears, eyebrows, tip of the nose and the scalp. histopathology showed dense sheets of lymphoid infiltrate of the dermis which stained positive with b-cell markers cd20 and cd5 in keeping with the infiltrat ... | 2006 | 16634906 |
| multiple resistance traits control plum pox virus infection in arabidopsis thaliana. | twelve arabidopsis accessions were challenged with plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates representative of the four ppv strains. each accession supported local and systemic infection by at least some of the ppv isolates, but high variability was observed in the behavior of the five ppv isolates or the 12 arabidopsis accessions. resistance to local infection or long-distance movement occurred in about 40% of all the accession-isolate combinations analyzed. except for nd-1, all accessions showed resis ... | 2006 | 16673941 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of the plum pox virus el amar isolate. | 2006 | 16732422 | |
| dna microarraying on compact disc surfaces. application to the analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in plum pox virus. | the potential of using compact discs as high throughput screening platforms for dna microarraying is discussed and applied to discriminate genetic variations of plum pox virus. | 2006 | 16733582 |
| [observation on therapeutic effect of blood-letting therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia numbness syndrome]. | to observe therapeutic effect of blood-letting therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia numbness syndrome and search for clinically effective therapy. | 2006 | 16739847 |
| identification and introduction of some iran pollinator bees of colletidae, halictidae, and megachilidae (hym: apoidea). | insufficient pollination results in less yield and low quality of crops. many vegetables depend on the cross pollination to produce valuable seeds or fruits. most flowering plants, fruit and seed formation are highly dependent on the activity of pollinator bees and in some crop such as alfalfa no seeds will form in the absence of bees. the most important crops of iran from stone fruits (peach, almond, plum, cherry and apricot), pome fruits (apple, pear and quince), alfalfa, clover, sunflower, et ... | 2006 | 17385532 |
| strain variability in the dna immigration control region (icr) of xylella fastidiosa. | the genome of the bacterium xylella fastidiosa contains four orfs (xf2721, xf2725, xf2739 and xf0295) related to the restriction modification type i system, ordinarily named r-m. this system belongs to the dna immigration control region (icr). each orf is related to different operon structures, which are homologues among themselves and with subunit hsd r from the endonuclease coding genes. in addition, these orfs are highly homologous to genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa, methylococcus capsulatus ... | 2006 | 16125907 |
| genetic analysis of the function of the plum pox virus ci rna helicase in virus movement. | the ci protein forms the cylindrical inclusions typical of potyviral infections and is involved in genome replication and virus movement. in this work, we have analyzed the effect of a series of point mutations at the n-terminal region of the ci protein of plum pox virus (ppv) on the enzymatic activities and the self-interaction ability of the protein, and on virus replication and movement. dd3,4aa mutation, which had no apparent effects on atpase and rna helicase activities in vitro, and on vir ... | 2006 | 16256236 |
| identifying risk factors for european stone fruit yellows from a survey. | abstract european stone fruit yellows (esfy) is becoming a major economic problem for prunus growers in europe. the causal agent ("candidatus phytoplasma prunorum") and its vector (cacopsylla pruni) have been identified, but the present knowledge of the risk factors for this disease relies, at best, on specific experiments. to assess the relative significance of several factors correlated with esfy incidence in the field, an exhaustive survey was performed on apricot and japanese plum orchards i ... | 2006 | 18943755 |
| interference between d and m types of plum pox virus in japanese plum assessed by specific monoclonal antibodies and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | abstract the dynamics of virus interference between two isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) belonging to the main ppv types, d and m, were analyzed in japanese plum (prunus salicina) by challenge inoculations. to assess the consequences of a ppv-m infection on plum already infected with ppv-d, and vice versa (predominance of one of the strains, recombination, synergism, symptoms aggravation, and so on), 30 japanese plum trees were graft inoculated with ppv-d or ppv-m isolates in quarantine conditio ... | 2006 | 18944448 |
| identification and urinary excretion of metabolites of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural in human subjects following consumption of dried plums or dried plum juice. | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural (i) is a major breakdown product occurring in solutions with high concentrations of fructose and glucose and is present in many fruit juices, in heat-sterilized parenteral solutions, and in baby cereals. the objective of this study was to characterize and identify 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural metabolites in human subjects following the consumption of dried plum juice and/or dried plums. subjects were fasted overnight and blood and urine samples were obtained during t ... | 2006 | 19127754 |
| a single amino acid mutation in the plum pox virus helper component-proteinase gene abolishes both synergistic and rna silencing suppression activities. | abstract the effects on symptom expression of single amino acid mutations in the central region of the plum pox virus (ppv) helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) gene were analyzed in nicotiana benthamiana using potato virus x (pvx) recombinant viruses. pvx recombinant virus expressing the wild-type variant of ppv hc-pro induced the expected enhancement of pvx pathogenicity, manifested as necrosis and plant death. recombinant virus expressing a variant of ppv hc-pro containing a single point muta ... | 2005 | 18944411 |