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lmi1-like genes involved in leaf margin development of brassica napus.in rapeseed (brassica napus l.), leaf margins are variable and can be entire, serrate, or lobed. in our previous study, the lobed-leaf gene (lobed-leaf 1, bnll1) was mapped to a 32.1 kb section of b. napus a10. two lmi1-like genes, bnaa10g26320d and bnaa10g26330d, were considered the potential genes that controlled the lobed-leaf trait in rapeseed. in the present study, these two genes and another homologous gene (bnac04g00850d) were transformed into arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. plants to id ...201728389974
targeted deep sequencing of flowering regulators in brassica napus reveals extensive copy number variation.gene copy number variation (cnv) is increasingly implicated in control of complex trait networks, particularly in polyploid plants like rapeseed (brassica napus l.) with an evolutionary history of genome restructuring. here we performed sequence capture to assay nucleotide variation and cnv in a panel of central flowering time regulatory genes across a species-wide diversity set of 280 b. napus accessions. the genes were chosen based on prior knowledge from arabidopsis thaliana and related brass ...201728291231
functional characterization of brassica napus dna topoisomerase iα-1 and its effect on flowering time when expressed in arabidopsis thaliana.previous studies have shown that dna topoisomerase iα (attop1α) has specific developmental functions during growth and development in arabidopsis thaliana. however, little is known about the roles of dna topoisomerases in the closely related and commercially important plant, rapeseed (brassica napus). here, the full-length bntop1α-1 coding sequence was cloned from the a2 subgenome of the brassica napus inbred line l111. we determine that all bntop1α paralogs showed differing patterns of expressi ...201728283390
post-polyploidisation morphotype diversification associates with gene copy number variation.genetic models for polyploid crop adaptation provide important information relevant for future breeding prospects. a well-suited model is brassica napus, a recent allopolyploid closely related to arabidopsis thaliana. flowering time is a major adaptation trait determining life cycle synchronization with the environment. here we unravel natural genetic variation in b. napus flowering time regulators and investigate associations with evolutionary diversification into different life cycle morphotyp ...201728165502
brassinosteroid action in plant abiotic stress tolerance.brassinosteroids (brs) are a class of plant steroidal hormones that play essential roles in plant growth and development. systematic studies had first been undertaken concomitantly to determine both the effects of exogenous br on stress phenotypes of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus (rapeseed) seedlings and the expression of stress marker genes in br-treated and untreated seedlings. when reproducible and convincing evidence of the role of br in stress tolerance had been obtained, molecula ...201728124256
transcriptomic basis for drought-resistance in brassica napus l.based on transcriptomic data from four experimental settings with drought-resistant and drought-sensitive cultivars under drought and well-watered conditions, statistical analysis revealed three categories encompassing 169 highly differentially expressed genes (degs) in response to drought in brassica napus l., including 37 drought-resistant cultivar-related genes, 35 drought-sensitive cultivar-related genes and 97 cultivar non-specific ones. we provide evidence that the identified degs were fai ...201728091614
ectopic expression of ga 2-oxidase 6 from rapeseed (brassica napus l.) causes dwarfism, late flowering and enhanced chlorophyll accumulation in arabidopsis thaliana.gibberellins (gas) are endogenous hormones that play an important role in higher plant growth and development. ga2-oxidase (ga2ox) promotes catabolism and inactivation of bioactive gas or their precursors. in this study, we identified the ga2-oxidase gene, bnga2ox6, and found it to be highly expressed in the silique and flower. overexpression of bnga2ox6 in arabidopsis resulted in ga-deficiency symptoms, including inhibited elongation of the hypocotyl and stem, delayed seed germination, and late ...201727886559
silencing of bntt1 family genes affects seed flavonoid biosynthesis and alters seed fatty acid composition in brassica napus.transparent testa1 (tt1) is a zinc finger protein that contains a wip domain. it plays important roles in controlling differentiation and pigmentation of the seed coat endothelium, and can affect the expression of early biosynthetic genes and late biosynthetic genes of flavonoid biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. in brassica napus (aacc, 2n=38), the functions of bntt1 genes remain unknown and few studies have focused on their roles in fatty acid (fa) biosynthesis. in this study, bntt1 family ...201727964783
interactions of glyphosate use with farm characteristics and cropping patterns in central europe.although glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the european union, little is known about the patterns of its usage in arable farming. therefore, a nationwide survey of 2026 german farmers was analysed to obtain further knowledge about glyphosate applications in conventional european arable farming. given its broad range of agri-environmental and farm-type conditions, germany can be regarded as a suitable study region to represent central european farming. the growing season 2013/2014 w ...201728150381
a phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast genomes elucidates the relationships of the six economically important brassica species comprising the triangle of u.the brassica genus comprises many economically important worldwide cultivated crops. the well-established model of the brassica genus, u's triangle, consists of three basic diploid plant species (brassica rapa, brassica oleracea, and brassica nigra) and three amphidiploid species (brassica napus, brassica juncea, and brassica carinata) that arose through interspecific hybridizations. despite being extensively studied because of its commercial relevance, several aspects of the origin of the brass ...201728210266
phosphate-assisted phytoremediation of arsenic by brassica napus and brassica juncea: morphological and physiological response.in this study, we examined the potential role of phosphate (p; 0, 50, 100 mg kg(-1)) on growth, gas exchange attributes and photosynthetic pigments of brassica napus and brassica juncea under arsenic (as) stress (0, 25, 50, 75 mg kg(-1)) in a pot experiment. results revealed that phosphate supplementation (p100) to as-stressed plants significantly increased shoot as concentration, dry biomass yield, and as uptake, in addition to the improved morphological and gas exchange attributes and photosyn ...201728084797
an e3 ubiquitin ligase from brassica napus induces a typical heat-shock response in its own way in escherichia coli.previously, we have identified a novel e3 ubiquitin ligase, bntr1, which plays a key role in heat stress response in brassica napus. in this study, we accidentally found that bntr1 can also improve thermal tolerance and reduce growth inhibition at 42°c in escherichia coli, in a manner different from that in plant. we show that bntr1 activates e. coli heat-shock response at low concentration in soluble form instead of in inclusion body, but bntr1 is not functioning as a heat-shock protein (hsp) b ...201728399214
genetic dissection of seed oil and protein content and identification of networks associated with oil content in brassica napus.high-density linkage maps can improve the precision of qtl localization. a high-density snp-based linkage map containing 3207 markers covering 3072.7 cm of the brassica napus genome was constructed in the kenc-8 × n53-2 (kndh) population. a total of 67 and 38 qtls for seed oil and protein content were identified with an average confidence interval of 5.26 and 4.38 cm, which could explain up to 22.24% and 27.48% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. thirty-eight associated genomic regions fr ...201728393910
genome wide identification of micrornas involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism of brassica napus by small rna and degradome sequencing.rapeseed (brassica napus) is an important cash crop considered as the third largest oil crop worldwide. rapeseed oil contains various saturation or unsaturation fatty acids, these fatty acids, whose could incorporation with tag form into lipids stored in seeds play various roles in the metabolic activity. the different fatty acids in b. napus seeds determine oil quality, define if the oil is edible or must be used as industrial material. mirnas are kind of non-coding srnas that could regulate ge ...201728377111
mapping of homoeologous chromosome exchanges influencing quantitative trait variation in brassica napus.genomic rearrangements arising during polyploidization are an important source of genetic and phenotypic variation in the recent allopolyploid crop brassica napus. exchanges among homoeologous chromosomes, due to inter-homoeologue pairing, and deletions without compensating homoeologous duplications are observed in both natural b. napus and synthetic b. napus. rearrangements of large or small chromosome segments induce gene copy number variation (cnv) and can potentially cause phenotypic changes ...201728370938
functional characterization of bnhsfa4a as a heat shock transcription factor in controlling the re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in seeds.desiccation tolerance (dt) is the crucial ability of seeds to resist desiccation. however, the regulatory mechanisms of seed dt are not fully understood. in this study, two heat shock cis-elements (hses) were identified in the brassica napus galactinol synthase (bngols1) promoter and shown to bind the heat shock transcription factor a4a (bnhsfa4a). transcriptional expression of bnhsfa4a was induced at the early stage of dt acquisition, prior to increased bngols1 activity and galactinol productio ...201728369570
rapeseed-legume intercrops: plant growth and nitrogen balance in early stages of growth and development.in this study we tested whether legumes can improve the growth and n and s nutrition of rapeseed in an intercropping system and compared the effect of mixtures on legume n-fixation and soil n-resources. rapeseed was cultivated in low n conditions in monocrops using one (r) or two plants (rr) per pot and in mixtures with lupine, clover or vetch. the r monocrop was the most relevant control, intraspecific competition inducing a significant growth delay resulting in a significantly lower leaf numbe ...201728337486
global analysis of canola genes targeted by short hypocotyl under blue 1 during endosperm and embryo development.seed development in dicots undergoes an early endosperm proliferation, followed by the growth of embryo to replace the endosperm. endosperm proliferation in dicots not only provides nutrient supplies for subsequent embryo development but also enforces a space limitation to influence the final seed size. overexpression of arabidopsis short hypocotyl under blue1::gus (shb1:gus) in canola produced large seeds. we performed global analysis of canola genes that were expressed and influenced by shb1 d ...201728332746
transcriptome analysis of the brassica napus-leptosphaeria maculans pathosystem identifies receptor, signaling and structural genes underlying plant resistance.the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen leptosphaeria maculans is the causal agent of blackleg disease in brassica napus (canola, oilseed rape) and causes significant loss of yield worldwide. while genetic resistance has been used to mitigate the disease by means of traditional breeding strategies, there is little knowledge about the genes that contribute to blackleg resistance. rna sequencing and a streamlined bioinformatics pipeline identified unique genes and plant defense pathways specific to pla ...201728222234
corrigendum: comparative transcriptomic analysis uncovers the complex genetic network for resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum in brassica napus. 201728220814
methods to quantify pamp-triggered oxidative burst, map kinase phosphorylation, gene expression, and lignification in brassicas.quantitative disease resistance (qdr) based on pamp-triggered immunity (pti) could be durable and effective against many pathogens (broad spectrum). development of methods to evaluate pti responses in crops could therefore accelerate breeding for durable qdr. most pti-studies involved model plants such as arabidopsis and nicotiana benthamiana or cell cultures, and cannot be directly applied to diverse germplasm of crop plants.we developed methods to measure pti in brassica crop species (lloyd et ...201728220438
a user guide to the brassica 60k illumina infinium™ snp genotyping array.the brassica napus 60k illumina infinium™ snp array has had huge international uptake in the rapeseed community due to the revolutionary speed of acquisition and ease of analysis of this high-throughput genotyping data, particularly when coupled with the newly available reference genome sequence. however, further utilization of this valuable resource can be optimized by better understanding the promises and pitfalls of snp arrays. we outline how best to analyze brassica snp marker array data for ...201728220206
migratory flight behaviour of the pollen beetle meligethes aeneus.the field ecology of the pollen beetle meligethes aeneus and its damaging effects on oilseed rape crops are well understood. however, the flight behaviour of m. aeneus, in particular the drivers for migratory movements across the landscape, is not well studied. we combined three established methodologies - suction traps, vertical-looking radar and high-altitude aerial netting - to demonstrate that m. aeneus flies at a range of altitudes at different points during its active season.201728195419
antioxidant (tocopherol and canolol) content in rapeseed oil obtained from roasted yellow-seeded brassica napus.in this study, the effect of temperature (140, 160, 180 °c) and roasting time (5, 10, 15 min) on the bioactive compound content (canolol, tocopherol and plastochromanol-8) of cold-pressed oil from yellow-seeded rapeseed lines of different colors was investigated. roasting increased the peroxide value in the seed oils compared to the oils from the control samples. however, roasting did not affect the acid values of the oils, which were 1.15-1.47 and 1.30-1.40 mg koh/g, for line pn1 03/1i/14 (yell ...201728163323
effect of soil contamination with fluorine on the yield and content of nitrogen forms in the biomass of crops.the research was based on a pot experiment, in which the response of eight species of crops to soil contamination with fluorine was investigated. in parallel, some inactivating substances were tested in terms of their potential use for the neutralization of the harmful influence of fluorine on plants. the response of crops to soil contamination with fluorine was assessed according to the volume of biomass produced by aerial organs and roots as well as their content of n-total, n-protein, and n-n ...201728194675
cerium negatively impacts the nutritional status in rapeseed.cerium (ce) has been reported to be both beneficial and harmful to plants. this contradiction deserves explanation in the light of increased anthropogenic release of ce in the environment. ce tolerance and accumulation were evaluated in hydroponically cultivated brassica napus l. (rapeseed). ce and other nutrient concentrations were measured with increasing ce concentration in the nutrient solution. moreover, ce and calcium (ca) accumulation were evaluated at different ca and ce concentrations i ...201728364608
cold-pressed and hot-pressed rapeseed oil: the effects of roasting and seed moisture on the antioxi- dant activity, canolol, and tocopherol level.the paper looks at the levels of canolol, tocopherols and antioxidant activity in cold-pressed and hot-pressed rapeseed oils produced from seeds of various moisture levels (5%, 7.5%, and 10%). the paper also considers the effects of seed roasting on the levels of these compounds.201728362474
synergic use of chemical and ecotoxicological tools for evaluating multi-contaminated soils amended with iron oxides-rich materials.abandoned waste piles from ancient mining activities are potential hot spots for the pollution of the surrounding areas. a pot experiment was carried out to check the potential toxicity of the dumping material present in one of these scenarios, and several amendments were tested to attenuate the spread of the contamination events. the waste material had an acid ph and a large total concentration of as and cu. a dose-response experiment was performed with this material following ocde 208 test. a ...201728359991
changes in the sclerotinia sclerotiorum transcriptome during infection of brassica napus.sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes stem rot in brassica napus, which leads to lodging and severe yield losses. although recent studies have explored significant progress in the characterization of individual s. sclerotiorum pathogenicity factors, a gap exists in profiling gene expression throughout the course of s. sclerotiorum infection on a host plant. in this study, rna-seq analysis was performed with focus on the events occurring through the early (1 h) to the middle (48 h) stages of infection.201728356071
changes in soil bacterial community structure as a result of incorporation of brassica plants compared with continuous planting eggplant and chemical disinfection in greenhouses.greenhouse eggplant monocropping in china has contributed to the aggravation of soil-borne diseases, reductions in crop quality and yield, and the degradation of physical and chemical soil properties. crop rotation is one effective way of alleviating the problems of continuous cropping worldwide; however, few studies have reported changes in soil bacterial community structures and physical and chemical soil properties after brassica vegetables had been rotated with eggplant in greenhouses. in th ...201728346463
spatial and temporal mapping of key lipid species in brassica napus seeds.the regulation of lipid synthesis in oil seeds is still not fully understood. oilseed rape (brassica napus) is the third most productive vegetable oil crop on the global market; therefore, increasing our understanding of lipid accumulation in oilseed rape seeds is of great economic, as well as intellectual, importance. matrix-assisted laser/desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (maldi-msi) is a technique that allows the mapping of metabolites directly onto intact biological tissues, gi ...201728188274
imi resistance associated to crop-weed hybridization in a natural brassica rapa population: characterization and fate.wild turnip (brassica rapa) is a common weed and a close relative to oilseed rape (brassica napus). the clearfield® production system is a highly adopted tool which provides an alternative solution for weed management, but its efficiency is threatened by gene transfer from crop to weed relatives. crop-weed hybrids with herbicide resistance were found in the progeny of a b. rapa population gathered from a weedy stand on the borders of an oilseed rape (b. napus) imidazolinone (imi)-resistant crop. ...201728185156
edta application on agricultural soils affects microelement uptake of plants.chelates such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) enter soils via various sources but their effect on agricultural crops is mostly unknown. sources of edta include industry, households, sewage water and agricultural practices. in a field experiment edta was applied in its free form at different rates (0, 150, 550, 1050kgha(-1)) to study its translocation in the soil profile and to evaluate its effect on yield and mineral composition of the cultivated crop, both in the year of application ( ...201728327292
dehulling and microwave pretreatment effects on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of virgin rapeseed oil.the effect of microwave heating (800 w) of whole and dehulled rapeseeds for 2 to 8 min was investigated in order to evaluate the impact of dehulling in conjunction with microwaving on the nutritional value, antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of virgin rapeseed oil. control oil produced from dehulled seeds (dro) had higher amounts of bioactive compounds, such as tocochromanols and phytosterols, lower content of pigments, and higher content of primary and secondary oxidation produ ...201728298676
genome-wide association mapping and identification of candidate genes for fatty acid composition in brassica napus l. using snp markers.b. napus (oilseed) is an important source of edible vegetable oil, and its nutritional and economic value is determined by its fatty acid composition and content.201728292259
analysis of oilseed rape stem weevils chemical control using damage rating scale.rape stem weevil (ceutorhynchus napi gyll.) and cabbage stem weevil (c. pallidactylus marsh.) can cause significant yield losses to oilseed rape (brassica napus l.), and chemical control is often needed to protect crops from these pests. the efficacy of six insecticides, chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin, bifenthrin, alpha-cypermethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, thiacloprid and tau-fluvalinate, was tested in a four year field trial. besides the standard efficacy analysis expressed through the number of larv ...201728276138
genomic prediction of genotypic effects with epistasis and environment interactions for yield-related traits of rapeseed (brassica napus l.).oilseed rape (brassica napus) is an economically important oil crop, yet the genetic architecture of its complex traits remain largely unknown. here, genome-wide association study was conducted for eight yield-related traits to dissect the genetic architecture of additive, dominance, epistasis, and their environment interaction. additionally, the optimal genotype combination and the breeding value of superior line, superior hybrid and existing best line in mapping population were predicted for e ...201728270831
identification of different cytoplasms based on newly developed mitotype-specific markers for marker-assisted selection breeding in brassica napus l.different mitotype-specific markers were developed to distinguish different cytoplasms in brassica napus l. mitotype-specific markers have been developed to distinguish different mitotypes in plant. and use of molecular markers to identify different mitotypes in brassica napus would enhance breeding efficiency. here, we comparatively analyzed six sequenced mitochondrial genomes in brassica napus and identified collinear block sequences and mitotype-specific sequences (msss) of these mitochondria ...201728265748
genome-wide association and transcriptome analyses reveal candidate genes underlying yield-determining traits in brassica napus.yield is one of the most important yet complex crop traits. to improve our understanding of the genetic basis of yield establishment, and to identify candidate genes responsible for yield improvement in brassica napus, we performed genome-wide association studies (gwas) for seven yield-determining traits [main inflorescence pod number (mipn), branch pod number (bpn), pod number per plant (pnp), seed number per pod (spp), thousand seed weight, main inflorescence yield (miy), and branch yield], us ...201728261256
lead effects on brassica napus photosynthetic organs.in this study, effects of lead on ultracellular structure and pigment contents of brassica napus were examined. pb(ii) was added in soluble form to soil prior to sowing. pb contents were measured in plant organs at the ontogenetic stages of flowering (fl) and physiological maturity (pm). pigment contents were evaluated through reflectance measurements. pb content in organs was found to decrease in the order; roots>stems>leaves. lead content in senescent leaves at fl stage was significantly highe ...201728254722
hydrogen peroxide pretreatment mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in brassica napus l.: an intrinsic study on antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.cadmium (cd) is considered as one of the most toxic metals for plant growth and development. in the present study, we investigated the role of externally applied hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) in regulating the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in conferring cd-induced oxidative stress tolerance in rapeseed (brassica napus l.). seedlings were pretreated with 50 μm h2o2 for 24 h. these pretreated seedlings as well as non-pretreated seedlings were grown for another 48 h at two concentrations of ...201728239385
functional characterization of the bnnced3 gene in brassica napus.abscisic acid (aba) has been implicated in plant adaptation to various environmental stresses and the regulation of seed dormancy, leaf senescence and organ abscission progression. the cleavage of cis-epoxycarotenoids by 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (nced) family proteins is a critical step in the regulation of abscisic acid (aba) synthesis in plants. in the present study, the nced family gene bnnced3 was isolated from brassica napus. bnnced3 encodes a 592-amino acid protein with high amino ...201728167029
identification and cloning of golden2-like1 (glk1), a transcription factor associated with chloroplast development in brassica napus l.photosynthesis is the process by which dry matter accumulates, which affects rapeseed yield. in this study, we identified golden2-like1 (glk1), located on chromosome a07 and 59.2 kb away from the single nucleotide polymorphism marker snp16353a07, which encodes a transcription factor associated with the rate of photosynthesis in leaves. we then identified 96 glk1 family members from 53 species using a hidden markov model (hmm) search and found 24 of these genes, which were derived from 17 brassic ...201728218778
genetic effects and genotype × environment interactions govern seed oil content in brassica napus l.as seed oil content (oc) is a key measure of rapeseed quality, better understanding the genetic basis of oc would greatly facilitate the breeding of high-oil cultivars. here, we investigated the components of genetic effects and genotype × environment interactions (ge) that govern oc using a full diallel set of nine parents, which represented a wide range of the chinese rapeseed cultivars and pure lines with various ocs.201728056775
the microbe-secreted isopeptide poly-γ-glutamic acid induces stress tolerance in brassica napus l. seedlings by activating crosstalk between h2o2 and ca(2).poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga) is a microbe-secreted isopeptide that has been shown to promote growth and enhance stress tolerance in crops. however, its site of action and downstream signaling pathways are still unknown. in this study, we investigated γ-pga-induced tolerance to salt and cold stresses in brassica napus l. seedlings. fluorescent labeling of γ-pga was used to locate the site of its activity in root protoplasts. the relationship between γ-pga-induced stress tolerance and two signal m ...201728198821
effects of low sink demand on leaf photosynthesis under potassium deficiency.the interaction between low sink demand and potassium (k) deficiency in leaf photosynthesis was not intensively investigated, therefore this interaction was investigated in winter oilseed rape (brassica napus l.). plants subjected to sufficient (+k) or insufficient (-k) k supply treatments were maintained or removed their flowers and pods; these conditions were defined as high sink demand (hs) or low sink demand (ls), respectively. the low sink demand induced a lower photosynthetic rate (pn), es ...201728196349
unusual evolutionary mechanisms to escape effector-triggered immunity in the fungal phytopathogen leptosphaeria maculans.leptosphaeria maculans is the fungus responsible for the stem canker disease of oilseed rape (brassica napus). avrlm3 and avrlm4-7, two avirulence effector genes of l. maculans, are involved in an unusual relationship: avrlm4-7 suppresses the rlm3-mediated resistance. here, we assessed avrlm3 polymorphism in a collection of 235 l. maculans isolates. no field isolates exhibited deletion or inactivating mutations in avrlm3, as observed for other l. maculans avirulence genes. eleven isoforms of the ...201728160497
joint genome-wide association and transcriptome sequencing reveals a complex polygenic network underlying hypocotyl elongation in rapeseed (brassica napus l.).hypocotyl elongation is considered an important typical seedling trait contributing directly to an increase in and stabilization of the yield in brassica napus, but its molecular genetic mechanism is poorly understood. in the present study, hypocotyl lengths of 210 lines were measured in an illuminated culture room. a genome-wide association study (gwas) was performed with 23,435 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) for hypocotyl length. three lines with long hypocotyl length and three lines w ...201728139730
arthropod pest control for uk oilseed rape - comparing insecticide efficacies, side effects and alternatives.oilseed rape (brassica napus) is an important combinable break crop in the uk, which is largely protected from arthropod pests by insecticidal chemicals. despite ongoing debate regarding the use of neonicotinoids, the dominant seed treatment ingredients used for this crop, there is little publicly available data comparing the efficacy of insecticides in controlling key arthropod pests or comparing the impacts on non-target species and the wider environment. to provide an insight into these matte ...201728076392
study of variation of tocochromanol and phytosterol contents in black and yellow seeds of brassica napus l. doubled haploid populations.in the study, an analysis of tocopherols, plastochomanol-8 and phytosterols was conducted using dh lines obtained from f1 hybrids of reciprocal crosses between yellow- and black-seeded lines.201728071031
influence of impurities in raw material on sensory and physicochemical properties of cold-pressed rapeseedoil produced from conventionally and ecologically grown seeds.the main problem of cold-pressed technology is its low yield and the varying quality of the end product, which is dependent on the quality of the raw material, technological process applied and also on conditions of packaging and storage. the effects of different contents of impurities in rapeseed on the sensory, physicochemical properties and oxidative stability of rapeseed oil produced by cold-pressing were investigated.201728071028
bnsip1-1, a trihelix family gene, mediates abiotic stress tolerance and aba signaling in brassica napus.the trihelix family genes have important functions in light-relevant and other developmental processes, but their roles in response to adverse environment are largely unclear. in this study, we identified a new gene, bnsip1-1, which fell in the sip1 (6b interacting protein1) clade of the trihelix family with two trihelix dna binding domains and a fourth amphipathic α-helix. bnsip1-1 protein specifically targeted to the nucleus, and its expression can be induced by abscisic acid (aba) and differe ...201728184229
genome-wide identification and characterization of spx domain-containing members and their responses to phosphate deficiency in brassica napus.the importance of spx domain-encoding proteins to phosphate (pi) homeostasis and signaling pathways has been well-documented in rice and arabidopsis. however, global information and responses of spx members to p stress in allotetraploid brassica napus, one of the world's major oil crops that is sensitive to p deficiency, remain undefined. we identified a total of 69 spx domain-containing genes in the b. napus genome. based on the domain organizations, these genes were classified into four distin ...201728179909
effects of tungsten on uptake, transport and subcellular distribution of molybdenum in oilseed rape at two different molybdenum levels.due to the similarities of molybdenum (mo) with tungsten (w) in the physical structure and chemical properties, studies involving the two elements have mainly examined their competitive relationships. the objectives of this study were to assess the effects of equimolar w on mo accumulation, transport and subcellular distribution in oilseed rape at two mo levels with four treatments: mo1 (1μmol/l mo, low mo), mo1+w1 (1μmol/l mo+1μmol/lw, low mo with low w), mo200 (200μmol/l mo, high mo) and mo200 ...201728167042
screening of candidate leaf morphology genes by integration of qtl mapping and rna sequencing technologies in oilseed rape (brassica napus l.).leaf size and shape play important roles in agronomic traits, such as yield, quality and stress responses. wide variations in leaf morphological traits exist in cultivated varieties of many plant species. by now, the genetics of leaf shape and size have not been characterized in brassica napus. in this study, a population of 172 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was used for quantitative trait locus (qtl) analysis of leaf morphology traits. furthermore, fresh young leaves of extreme lines with mor ...201728068426
the effect of microwave pretreatment of seeds on the stability and degradation kinetics of phenolic compounds in rapeseed oil during long-term storage.storage stability and degradation kinetics of phenolic compounds in rapeseed oil pressed from microwave treated seeds (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10min, 800w) during long-term storage (12months) at a temperature of 20°c was discussed in the current study. the dominant phenolic compound detected in rapeseed oil was canolol, followed by minor amounts of free phenolic acids and sinapine. the most pronounced effect of seeds microwaving was noted for canolol formation - after 10-min exposure the quantity of this ...201728041557
ccnet: database of co-expression networks with functional modules for diploid and polyploid gossypium.plant genera with both diploid and polyploid species are a common evolutionary occurrence. polyploids, especially allopolyploids such as cotton and wheat, are a great model system for heterosis research. here, we have integrated genome sequences and transcriptome data of gossypium species to construct co-expression networks and identified functional modules from different cotton species, including 1155 and 1884 modules in g. arboreum and g. hirsutum, respectively. we overlayed the gene expressio ...201728053168
functional analysis of brassica napus phloem protein and ribonucleoprotein complexes.phloem sap contains a large number of macromolecules, including proteins and rnas from different classes. proteome analyses of phloem samples from different plant species under denaturing conditions identified hundreds of proteins potentially involved in diverse processes. surprisingly, these studies also found a significant number of ribosomal and proteasomal proteins. this led to the suggestion that active ribosome and proteasome complexes might be present in the phloem, challenging the paradi ...201728052459
sensitivity and biochemical characteristics of sclerotinia sclerotiorum to propamidine.propamidine is an aromatic diamidine compound. in the current study, baseline sensitivity of sclerotinia sclerotiorum to propamidine was determined using 78 strains collected from the oilseed rape fields without a previous history of propamidine usage. the median effective concentration (ec50) values for propamidine inhibiting mycelial growth ranged from 0.406 to 3.647μg/ml, with a mean of 1.616±0.217μg/ml. there was no correlation between sensitivity to propamidine and sensitivity to dimethachl ...201728043336
the impact of open pollination on the structural evolutionary dynamics, meiotic behavior, and fertility of resynthesized allotetraploid brassica napus l.allopolyploidy, which results from the merger and duplication of two divergent genomes, has played a major role in the evolution and diversification of flowering plants. the genomic changes that occur in resynthesized or natural neopolyploids have been extensively studied, but little is known about the effects of the reproductive mode in the initial generations that may precede its successful establishment. to truly reflect the early generations of a nascent polyploid, two resynthesized allotetr ...201728007837
the vascular pathogen verticillium longisporum does not affect water relations and plant responses to drought stress of its host, brassica napus.verticillium longisporum is a host-specific vascular pathogen of oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) that causes economic crop losses by impairing plant growth and inducing premature senescence. this study investigates whether plant damage through verticillium stem striping is due to impaired plant water relations, whether v. longisporum affects responses of a susceptible b. napus variety to drought stress, and whether drought stress, in turn, affects plant responses to v. longisporum. two-factoria ...201727992306
bioenergy and biodiversity: intensified biomass extraction from hedges impairs habitat conditions for birds.biomass is increasingly used as an alternative source for energy in europe. woody material cut from hedges is considered to provide a suitable complement to maize and oilseed rape, which are currently the dominant biomass sources. since shrubs and trees are also important habitats for birds, however, coppicing of hedges at the landscape scale may adversely affect the diversity of the avifauna. to evaluate this risk, we estimated the response of hedge birds to three management scenarios differing ...201727915181
effect of 24-epibrassinolide on brassica napus alternative respiratory pathway, guard cells movements and phospholipid signaling under salt stress.using brassica napus roots we observed statistically significant increase in alternative respiratory pathway in response to exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (ebl) under optimal conditions and salinity. also we observed activation of phospholipid signaling under the same conditions in response to ebl by measuring levels of lipid second messengers - diacylglycerol (dag) and phosphatidic acid (pa). we found that brassinosteroids cause closure of stomata in isolated leaf disks while inhibitors of altern ...201727913097
simultaneous determination of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and metazachlor residues in soil by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.a rapid pioneering method has been developed to simultaneously determine residues of three pesticides (thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and metazachlor) in soil by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry detector (quadrupole time-of-flight). an efficient extraction procedure (90-105% average analyte recoveries) has also been proposed, involving solid-liquid extraction by a mixture of water and methanol (60:40, v/v), centrifugation, and concentration. a chromatograph ...201728032694
modeling allometric relationships in leaves of young rapeseed (brassica napus l.) grown at different temperature treatments.functional-structural plant modeling (fspm) is a fast and dynamic method to predict plant growth under varying environmental conditions. temperature is a primary factor affecting the rate of plant development. in the present study, we used three different temperature treatments (10/14°c, 18/22°c, and 26/30°c) to test the effect of temperature on growth and development of rapeseed (brassica napus l.) seedlings. plants were sampled at regular intervals (every 3 days) to obtain growth data during t ...201728377775
heme oxygenase 1 defects lead to reduced chlorophyll in brassica napus.we previously described a brassica napus chlorophyll-deficient mutant (ygl) with yellow-green seedling leaves and mapped the related gene, bnac.ygl, to a 0.35 cm region. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in this chlorophyll defect are still unknown. in this study, the bnac07.ho1 gene (equivalent to bnac.ygl) was isolated by the candidate gene approach, and its function was confirmed by genetic complementation. comparative sequencing analysis suggested that bnac07.ho1 was lost in the mut ...201728108964
seed detection and discrimination by ground beetles (coleoptera: carabidae) are associated with olfactory cues.olfactory ability is an element of fitness in many animals, guiding choices among alternatives such as mating partners or food. ground beetles (coleoptera; carabidae), exhibit preferences for prey, and some species are well-known weed seed predators. we used olfactometer-based bioassays to determine if olfactory stimuli are associated with detection of brassica napus l., sinapis arvensis l., and thlaspi arvense l. seeds by ground beetles characteristic of agroecosystems, and whether behavioural ...201728107464
down-regulation of bnda1, whose gene locus is associated with the seeds weight, improves the seeds weight and organ size in brassica napus.brassica napus l. is an important oil crop worldwide and is the main raw material for biofuel. seed weight and seed size are the main contributors to seed yield. da1 (da means big in chinese) is an ubiquitin receptor and negatively regulates seed size. down-regulation of atda1 in arabidopsis leads to larger seeds and organs by increasing cell proliferation in integuments. in this study, bnda1 was down-regulated in b. napus by over expressed of atda1(r358k) , which is a functional deficiency of d ...201728097785
oilseed rape nac56 transcription factor modulates reactive oxygen species accumulation and hypersensitive response-like cell death.the nac (nam, ataf1/2, cuc2) transcription factor gene family is plant-specific and plays diverse roles in development and responses to abiotic stresses and pathogen challenge. oilseed rape (brassica napus) or canola is an important oil crop worldwide, however, the function of nac genes in it remains largely elusive. in the present study, we identified and characterized the nac56 gene isolated from oilseed rape. expression of bnanac56 was induced by abscisic acid (aba), jasmonic acid (ja), methy ...201728097691
a fern aintegumenta gene mirrors baby boom in promoting apogamy in ceratopteris richardii.asexual reproduction is widespread in land plants, including ferns where 10% of all species are obligate asexuals. in these ferns, apogamous sporophytes are generated directly from gametophytes, bypassing fertilization. in the model fern ceratopteris richardii, a sexual species, apogamy can be induced by culture on high sugar media. baby boom (bbm) genes in angiosperms are known to promote somatic embryogenesis, which like apogamy produce sporophytes without fertilization. here, a brassica napus ...201728078730
an integrated analysis of qtl mapping and rna sequencing provides further insights and promising candidates for pod number variation in rapeseed (brassica napus l.).as the most important yield component in rapeseed (brassica napus l.), pod number is determined by a series of successive growth and development processes. pod number shows extensive variation in rapeseed natural germplasm, which is valuable for genetic improvement. however, the genetic and especially the molecular mechanism for this kind of variation are poorly understood. in this study, we conducted qtl mapping and rna sequencing, respectively, using the bnaznril population and its two parenta ...201728077071
effects of zn deficiency and bicarbonate on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of four plant species.calcareous soils are characterized by low nutrient contents, high bicarbonate (hco3-) content, and high alkalinity. the effects of hco3- addition under zinc-sufficient (+zn) and zinc-deficient (-zn) conditions on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of seedlings of two moraceae species (broussonetia papyrifera and morus alba) and two brassicaceae species (orychophragmus violaceus and brassica napus) were investigated. these four species were hydroponically grown in nutrient solution wit ...201728076430
life, death and rebirth of avirulence effectors in a fungal pathogen of brassica crops, leptosphaeria maculans.contents 526 i. 526 ii. 527 iii. 527 iv. 529 v. 529 vi. 530 vii. 530 531 references 531 summary: in agricultural systems, major (r) genes for resistance in plants exert strong selection pressure on cognate/corresponding avirulence effector genes of phytopathogens. however, a complex interplay often exists between trade-offs linked to effector function and the need to escape r gene recognition. here, using the leptosphaeria maculans-oilseed rape pathosystem we review evolution of effectors submit ...201728084619
bnlate, a cys2/his2-type zinc-finger protein, enhances silique shattering resistance by negatively regulating lignin accumulation in the silique walls of brassica napus.silique shattering resistance is one of the most important agricultural traits in oil crop breeding. seed shedding from siliques prior to and during harvest causes devastating losses in oilseed yield. lignin biosynthesis in the silique walls is thought to affect silique-shattering resistance in oil crops. here, we identified and characterized b. napus late flowering (bnlate), which encodes a cys2/his2-type zinc-finger protein. heterologous expression of bnlate under the double enhanced camv 35s ...201728081140
cytogenetic and molecular characterization of b-genome introgression lines of brassica napus l.brassica napus introgression lines (ils), having b-genome segments from b. carinata, were assessed genetically for extent of introgression and phenotypically for siliqua shatter resistance. introgression lines had 7-9% higher dna content, were meiotically stable, and had almost normal pollen fertility/seed set. segment introgressions were confirmed by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridization (fl-gish), ssr analyses, and snp studies. genotyping with 48 b-genome specific ssrs detected substitutio ...201727821632
the effects of straw or straw-derived gasification biochar applications on soil quality and crop productivity: a farm case study.thermal gasification of straw is a highly efficient technology that produces bioenergy and gasification biochar that can be used as a soil amendment, thereby returning non-renewable nutrients and stable carbon, and securing soil quality and crop productivity. a danish on-farm field study investigated the impact of traditional straw incorporation vs. straw removal for thermal gasification bioenergy production and the application of straw gasification biochar (gb) on soil quality and crop producti ...201727815006
gsrc: an r package for genome structure rearrangement calling.genome structure rearrangements are a common phenomenon in allopolyploid species. deletions, duplications and homeologous non-reciprocal translocations (hnrt) between the highly similar subgenomes can be observed, which are known to have a large impact on phenotypic traits. current research is limited because these rearrangements can be located genome wide only by cost intensive sequencing approaches and not reliably in high-density array genotyping data. we developed gsrc, an r-package to detec ...201727797758
rising co2 from historical concentrations enhances the physiological performance of brassica napus seedlings under optimal water supply but not under reduced water availability.the productivity of many important crops is significantly threatened by water shortage, and the elevated atmospheric co2 can significantly interact with physiological processes and crop responses to drought. we examined the effects of three different co2 concentrations (historical ~300 ppm, ambient ~400 ppm and elevated ~700 ppm) on physiological traits of oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) seedlings subjected to well-watered and reduced water availability. our data show (1) that, as expected, inc ...201727859348
proteomic and physiological approach reveals drought-induced changes in rapeseeds: water-saver and water-spender strategy.the cultivar-dependent differences in brassica napus l. seed yield are significantly affected by drought stress. here, the response of leaf proteome to long-term drought (28days) was studied in cultivars (cvs): californium (c), cadeli (d), navajo (n), and viking (v). analysis of twenty-four 2-d dige gels revealed 134 spots quantitatively changed at least 2-fold; from these, 79 proteins were significantly identified by maldi-tof/tof. according to the differences in water use, the cultivars may be ...201727838467
gene conversion events and variable degree of homogenization of rdna loci in cultivars of brassica napus.brassica napus (aacc, 2n = 38, oilseed rape) is a relatively recent allotetraploid species derived from the putative progenitor diploid species brassica rapa (aa, 2n = 20) and brassica oleracea (cc, 2n = 18). to determine the influence of intensive breeding conditions on the evolution of its genome, we analysed structure and copy number of rdna in 21 cultivars of b. napus, representative of genetic diversity.201727707747
effects of a controlled-release fertilizer on yield, nutrient uptake, and fertilizer usage efficiency in early ripening rapeseed (brassica napus l.).nitrogen (n), phosphorous (p), and potassium (k) are critical nutrient elements necessary for crop plant growth and development. however, excessive inputs will lead to inefficient usage and cause excessive nutrient losses in the field environment, and also adversely affect the soil, water and air quality, human health, and biodiversity.201727704747
effects of cd- and pb-resistant endophytic fungi on growth and phytoextraction of brassica napus in metal-contaminated soils.metal-resistant endophytic fungi from roots improved phytoremediation efficacy of host plants; however, the effects of endophytic fungi from plant aerial parts on host plants are unknown. the aim of this study was to develop a feasible method to screen fungal endophytes from stems and roots of brassica napus and to investigate effects of the endophytic fungi on growth and phytoremediation efficiency of the plant. endophytic fusarium sp. cbrf44, penicillium sp. cbrf65, and alternaria sp. cbsf68 w ...201727726080
a rapid method for the simultaneous quantification of the major tocopherols, carotenoids, free and esterified sterols in canola (brassica napus) oil using normal phase liquid chromatography.a normal phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method was developed to simultaneously quantify several prominent bioactive compounds in canola oil vis. α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, β-sitosterol, campesterol and brassicasterol. the use of sequential diode array detection (dad) and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) allowed direct injection of oils, diluted in hexane without derivatisation or saponification, greatly reducing sample preparation time, and ...201727507459
quantitative expression analysis in brassica napus by northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative pcr in a complex experimental setting.analysis of gene expression is one of the major ways to better understand plant reactions to changes in environmental conditions. the comparison of many different factors influencing plant growth challenges the gene expression analysis for specific gene-targeted experiments, especially with regard to the choice of suitable reference genes. the aim of this study is to compare expression results obtained by northern blot, semi-quantitative pcr and rt-qpcr, and to identify a reliable set of referen ...201727685087
a comparative study of the seed structure between resynthesized allotetraploid and their diploid parents.brassicaceae is at the forefront of evolution because of its frequent hybridization. hybridization is responsible for the induction of widespread genetic and phenotype changes, making it important in agricultural production. in this study, we obtained resynthesized allotetraploid brassica napus by performing interspecific crossing of b. rapa × b. oleracea combined with embryo rescue. we applied light microscopy and electronic microscopy to analyze the microstructure and ultrastructure of seeds o ...201727542083
estimating the effect of plant-provided food supplements on pest consumption by omnivorous predators: lessons from two coccinellid beetles.plant-provided food supplements can influence biological pest control by omnivorous predators in two counteracting ways: they can (i) enhance predator populations, but (ii) reduce pest consumption by individual predators. yet the majority of studies address only one of these aspects. here, we first tested the influence of canola (brassica napus l.) pollen supplements on the life history of two ladybeetle species: hoppodamia variegata (goeze) and coccinella septempunctata (l.). we then developed ...201727470503
distributions of imidacloprid, imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-urea in green plant tissues and roots of rapeseed (brassica napus) from artificially contaminated potting soil.imidacloprid-urea is the primary imidacloprid soil metabolite, whereas imidacloprid-olefin is the main plant-relevant metabolite and is more toxic to insects than imidacloprid. we artificially contaminated potting soil and used quantitative uhplc-qqq-ms/ms to determine the imidacloprid, imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-urea distributions in rapeseed green plant tissues and roots after 4 weeks of exposure.201727539937
exploring genotypic variations for improved oil content and healthy fatty acids composition in rapeseed (brassica napus l.).development of new genotypes having high oil content and desirable levels of fatty acid compositions is a major objective of rapeseed breeding programmes. in the current study combining ability was determined for oil, protein, glucosinolates and various fatty acids content using 8 × 8 full diallel in rapeseed (brassica napus).201727539751
effect of climate change on sporulation of the teleomorphs of leptosphaeria species causing stem canker of brassicas.leptosphaeria maculans and l. biglobosa are closely related sibling fungal pathogens that cause phoma leaf spotting, stem canker (blackleg) and stem necrosis of oilseed rape (brassica napus). the disease is distributed worldwide, and it is one of the main causes of considerable decrease in seed yield and quality. information about the time of ascospore release at a particular location provides important data for decision making in plant protection, thereby enabling fungicides to be used only whe ...201727034535
microsatellite markers used for genome-wide association mapping of partial resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum in a world collection of brassica napus.the fungal pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes stem rot of oilseed rape (brassica napus) worldwide. in preparation for genome-wide association mapping (gwam) of sclerotinia resistance in b. napus, 152 accessions from diverse geographical regions were screened with a single canadian isolate, #321. plants were inoculated by attaching mycelium plugs to the main stem at full flower. lesion lengths measured 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation were used to calculate the area under the disease pro ...201727330402
a new traf-like protein from b. oleracea ssp. botrytis with lectin activity and its effect on macrophages.lectins are involved in a wide range of biological mechanisms, like immunomodulatory agent able to activate the innate immunity. in this study, we purified and characterized a new lectin from cauliflower (brassica oleracea ssp. botrytis - bol) by three sequential chromatographic steps and confirmed the purity by sds-page. additionally, we evaluated the role of the lectin in innate immunity by a phagocytosis assay, production of h2o2 and no. bol was characterized like a non-glycosylated protein t ...201727771409
the poor lonesome a subgenome of brassica napus var. darmor (aacc) may not survive without its mate.constitutive genomes of allopolyploid species evolve throughout their life span. however, the consequences of long-term alterations on the interdependency between each original genome have not been established. here, we attempted an approach corresponding to subgenome extraction from a previously sequenced natural allotetraploid, offering a unique opportunity to evaluate plant viability and structural evolution of one of its diploid components. we employed two different strategies to extract the ...201727575298
short-term phytotoxicity in brassica napus (l.) in response to pre-emergently applied metazachlor: a microcosm study.in accordance with realistic application approaches, a short-term 1-factorial experiment was set up to investigate the phytotoxic impact of pre-emergent application of the chloroacetamide herbicide metazachlor on brassica napus. in addition to morphological parameters, the underlying processes that ultimately determine the extent of herbicide-induced phytotoxicity (i.e., herbicide metabolization and cellular antioxidant defense) were examined. the present study demonstrated that metazachlor prov ...201727345821
difference in root k+ retention ability and reduced sensitivity of k+-permeable channels to reactive oxygen species confer differential salt tolerance in three brassica species.brassica species are known to possess significant inter and intraspecies variability in salinity stress tolerance, but the cell-specific mechanisms conferring this difference remain elusive. in this work, the role and relative contribution of several key plasma membrane transporters to salinity stress tolerance were evaluated in three brassica species (b. napus, b. juncea, and b. oleracea) using a range of electrophysiological assays. initial root growth assay and viability staining revealed tha ...201627340231
comparative analysis of brassica napus plasma membrane proteins under phosphorus deficiency using label-free and maxquant-based proteomics approaches.phosphorus (p) deficiency is a primary constraint for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. to better understand the genotypic differences in the adaptation mechanism of brassica napus to p deficiency, we purified the plasma membrane (pm) from the roots of two genotypes: p-efficient "eyou changjia" and p-inefficient "b104-2". combining label-free quantitative proteomics with the maxquant approach, a total of 71 proteins that significantly changed in abundances were identified in the two genoty ...201626746009
genetic dissection of plant architecture and yield-related traits in brassica napus.an optimized plant architecture (pa) is fundamental for high-yield breeding but the genetic control of the important trait is largely unknown in rapeseed. here plant architecture factors (pafs) were proposed to consist of main inflorescence length proportion (milp), branch height proportion (bhp), and branch segment proportion (bsp). comparison of different genotypes in a dh population grown in diverse environments showed that an optimized paf performance with milp and bhp between 0.3-0.4 was im ...201626880301
herbivore-triggered electrophysiological reactions: candidates for systemic signals in higher plants and the challenge of their identification.in stressed plants, electrophysiological reactions (elrs) are presumed to contribute to long-distance intercellular communication between distant plant parts. because of the focus on abiotic stress-induced elrs in recent decades, biotic stress-triggered elrs have been widely ignored. it is likely that the challenge to identify the particular elr types (action potential [ap], variation potential, and system potential [sp]) was responsible for this course of action. thus, this survey focused on in ...201626872949
genome-wide identification of qtl for seed yield and yield-related traits and construction of a high-density consensus map for qtl comparison in brassica napus.seed yield (sy) is the most important trait in rapeseed, is determined by multiple seed yield-related traits (syrts) and is also easily subject to environmental influence. many quantitative trait loci (qtls) for sy and syrts have been reported in brassica napus; however, no studies have focused on seven agronomic traits simultaneously affecting sy. genome-wide qtl analysis for sy and seven syrts in eight environments was conducted in a doubled haploid population containing 348 lines. totally, 18 ...201626858737
fixed-route monitoring and a comparative study of the occurrence of herbicide-resistant oilseed rape (brassica napus l.) along a japanese roadside.previously, we conducted a roadside survey to reveal the occurrence of genetically modified (gm) oilseed rape along a japanese roadside (route 51). in this study, we performed successive and thorough fixed-route monitoring in 5 sections along another road (route 23). oilseed rape plants were detected on both sides of the road in each section between autumn 2009 and winter 2013, which included 3 flowering seasons. in four sections, more plants were found on the side of the road leading from the y ...201626838503
evaluation of linkage disequilibrium pattern and association study on seed oil content in brassica napus using ddrad sequencing.high-density genetic markers are the prerequisite for understanding linkage disequilibrium (ld) and genome-wide association studies (gwass) of complex traits in crops. to evaluate the ld pattern in oilseed rape, we sequenced a previous association panel containing 189 b. napus inbred lines using double-digested restriction-site associated dna (ddrad) and genotyped 19,327 rad tags. a total of 15,921 rad tags were assigned to a published genetic linkage map and the majority (71.1%) of these tags w ...201626730738
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