Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted descending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
the site of ferricyanide photoreduction in the lamellae of isolated spinach chloroplasts: a cytochemical study. 20144108055
the regulation of exogenous nad(p)h oxidation in spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaf mitochondria by ph and cations.essentially chlorophyll-free mitochondria were isolated from green leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea l. cv. viking ii). uncoupled oxidation of exogenous nadph (1 mm) to oxygen had an optimum at ph 6.0, and activity was relatively low at ph 7.0, even in the presence of 1 mm-cacl2. there was a proportional increase in the apparent km for nadph with decreasing h+ concentrations, suggesting that nadph protonated on the 2'-phosphate group was the true substrate. exogenous nadh was oxidized by oxyg ...20143937519
biofilm formation protects escherichia coli against killing by caenorhabditis elegans and myxococcus xanthus.enteric bacteria, such as escherichia coli, are exposed to a variety of stresses in the nonhost environment. the development of biofilms provides e. coli with resistance to environmental insults, such as desiccation and bleach. we found that biofilm formation, specifically production of the matrix components curli and cellulose, protected e. coli against killing by the soil-dwelling nematode caenorhabditis elegans and the predatory bacterium myxococcus xanthus. additionally, matrix-encased bacte ...201425192998
evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification suite for the rapid, reliable, and robust detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in produce.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains are a leading cause of produce-associated outbreaks in the united states. rapid, reliable, and robust detection methods are needed to better ensure produce safety. we recently developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) suite for stec detection. in this study, the stec lamp suite was comprehensively evaluated against real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) using a large panel of bacterial strains (n = 156) and various produce items (s ...201424509927
detection of cdt toxin genes in campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler carcasses and vegetables in são paulo, brazil.campylobacteriosis is a worldwide distributed zoonosis. one of the main virulence factors related to campylobacter spp. in animals and humans is the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), encoded by three adjacent genes (cdta, cdtb, cdtc). the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in samples of vegetables has not been reported in brazil yet, and has seldom been described in the international literature. the detection of cdt in these strains has not been reported, either. the objectives of the present stu ...201424516435
[on an unknown n-free glycerophosphatide from green leaves of spinacia oleracea]. 20144291501
activation of spinach chloroplast nadp-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by concerted hysteresis.kinetic analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase showed that the enhancement of the nadp-linked activity by specific chloroplast modulators is a concerted process; either a selected second metabolite or the couple dithiothreitol/thioredoxin-f lowers the concentration of primary modulators (atp, nadph, inorganic phosphate, 1,3-diphosphoglycerate) required for maximal stimulation (a0.5). organic solvents also stimulate nadp-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the absence of any ...20143963815
interaction of ascorbate with photosystem i.ascorbate is one of the key participants of the antioxidant defense in plants. in this work, we have investigated the interaction of ascorbate with the chloroplast electron transport chain and isolated photosystem i (psi), using the epr method for monitoring the oxidized centers [formula: see text] and ascorbate free radicals. inhibitor analysis of the light-induced redox transients of p700 in spinach thylakoids has demonstrated that ascorbate efficiently donates electrons to [formula: see text] ...201424965848
crystal structure of cyanoq from the thermophilic cyanobacterium thermosynechococcus elongatus and detection in isolated photosystem ii complexes.the psbq-like protein, termed cyanoq, found in the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803 is thought to bind to the lumenal surface of photosystem ii (psii), helping to shield the mn4cao5 oxygen-evolving cluster. cyanoq is, however, absent from the crystal structures of psii isolated from thermophilic cyanobacteria raising the possibility that the association of cyanoq with psii might not be a conserved feature. here, we show that cyanoq (encoded by tll2057) is indeed expressed in the thermop ...201424838684
multiplex real-time pcr assays for detection of four seedborne spinach pathogens.to develop multiplex taqman real-time pcr assays for detection of spinach seedborne pathogens that cause economically important diseases on spinach.201424823269
immunomagnetic separation and visual fluorescence detection of salmonella spp., using aoac approved sas molecular tests.the sas molecular tests method for detection of salmonella spp. in various food matrixes has been certified by the aoac research institute and designated performance tested method no. 021202. the current method modification includes the optional immunomagnetic separation (ims) to enrich the bacteria as well as optional visual fluorescence readout without the use of a turbidimeter. the modifications were validated against the u.s. department of agriculture/ food safety and inspection service micr ...201425145139
validation of the ansr salmonella method for detection of salmonella spp. in a variety of foods. performance tested method 061203.this study represents a proposal to extend the matrix claims for the ansr salmonella test, performance tested method 061203. the test is based on the nicking enzyme amplification reaction (near) isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. the assay platform features simple instrumentation, minimal labor, and following a single-step 16-24 h enrichment (depending on sample type), an extremely short assay time of 30 min including sample preparation. detection is real-time using fluorescent mo ...201424830155
[validation study on a multi-residue method for determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products by new automatic pretreatment equipment (fasrac) and gc-ms/ms].a validation study was performed on a multiresidue method for determination of pesticide residues in agricultural products according to the method validation guideline of the ministry of health, labour and welfare of japan. fasrac (food automatic analytical systems for residual agricultural chemicals) automatically performs extraction of pesticide residues from agricultural products with acetonitrile, filtration, constant volume, mixing with the use of air, mixing acetonitrile with buffer solven ...201425743385
absence of internalization of escherichia coli o157:h7 into germinating tissue of field-grown leafy greens.both growth chamber and field studies were conducted to investigate the potential for escherichia coli o157:h7 to be internalized into leafy green tissue when seeds were germinated in contaminated soil. internalized e. coli o157:h7 was detected by enrichment in both spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) seedlings when seeds were germinated within the growth chamber in autoclaved and nonautoclaved soil, respectively, contaminated with e. coli o157:h7 at 2.0 and 3.8 log cf ...201424490912
development of a sensitive monoclonal antibody-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for analysing chlorantraniliprole residues.chlorantraniliprole (cap) is a new anthranilic diamide insecticide acting with high efficacy on ryanodine receptors of most of the species within the lepidoptera order and has been used worldwide. to monitor its residue in food and environmental samples, we developed an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icelisa), based on monoclonal antibodies. the established icelisa possesses a concentration of producing 50% inhibition (ic50) of 1.60ng/ml. in addition, the assay had the a ...201424054242
extraction efficiency of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants from lyophilized foods using pressurized liquid extraction and manual extraction.the efficient extraction of antioxidants from food samples is necessary in order to accurately measure their antioxidant capacities. α-tocopherol and gallic acid were spiked into samples of 5 lyophilized and pulverized vegetables and fruits (onion, cabbage, satsuma mandarin orange, pumpkin, and spinach). the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in the samples were sequentially extracted with a mixed solvent of n-hexane and dichloromethane, and then with acetic acid-acidified aqueous methanol. ...201425155095
isolation and kinetic characterisation of hydrophobically distinct populations of form i rubisco.rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is a calvin cycle enzyme involved in co2 assimilation. it is thought to be a major cause of photosynthetic inefficiency, suffering from both a slow catalytic rate and lack of specificity due to a competing reaction with oxygen. revealing and understanding the engineering rules that dictate rubisco's activity could have a significant impact on photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield.201424987448
quantifying the sensitivity of scent detection dogs to identify fecal contamination on raw produce.consumption of raw produce commodities has been associated with foodborne outbreaks in the united states. in a recent centers for disease control and prevention report outlining the incidence of food-related outbreaks from 1998 to 2008, produce of all kinds were implicated in 46% of illnesses and 23% of deaths. methods that quickly identify fecal contamination of foods, including produce, will allow prioritization of samples for testing during investigations and perhaps decrease the time require ...201424405993
determination of pork spoilage by colorimetric gas sensor array based on natural pigments.a new colorimetric gas-sensor array based on four natural pigments, that were extracted from spinach (spinacia oleracea), red radish (raphanus sativus l.), winter jasmine (jasminum nudiflorum), and black rice (oryza sativa l. indica), was developed for pork freshness evaluation. a colour change profile for each sample was obtained by differentiating the images of the sensor array before and after exposure to the odour of sample. the total viable count (tvc) per gram of pork was obtained by class ...201424128513
synthesis and antimycobacterial and photosynthesis-inhibiting evaluation of 2-[(e)-2-substituted-ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazoles.a series of twelve 2-[(e)-2-substituted-ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazoles was designed. all the synthesized compounds were tested against three mycobacterial strains. the compounds were also evaluated for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. 2-[(e)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole, 2-[(e)-2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzoxazole and 2-{(e)-2-[4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl]ethenyl}-1,3-benzoxazole showed th ...201425197708
comparative proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins induced by hydrogen sulfide in spinacia oleracea leaves.hydrogen sulfide (h2s), as a potential gaseous messenger molecule, has been suggested to play important roles in a wide range of physiological processes in plants. the aim of present study was to investigate which set of proteins is involved in h2s-regulated metabolism or signaling pathways. spinacia oleracea seedlings were treated with 100 µm nahs, a donor of h2s. changes in protein expression profiles were analyzed by 2-d gel electrophoresis coupled with maldi-tof ms. over 1000 protein spots w ...201425181351
phytoextraction and dissipation of lindane by spinacia oleracea l.remediation and management of organochlorine pesticide (ocps) contaminated soil is becoming a global priority as they are listed in the stockholm list of persistent organic pollutants (pops) for global elimination. lindane is a ocps candidate recently included in the stockholm list. however, india has an exemption to produce lindane for malaria control. because of its widespread use during the last few decades, lindane contaminated soils are found in almost all parts of india. since phytoremedia ...201425133347
jatropha curcas leaves analysis, reveals it as mineral source for low sodium diets.jatropha curcas is a perennial herb, belonging to the family euphorbiaceae, found in countries such as india, mexico and venezuela. in the present study, proximate composition and mineral content on the leaves of j. curcas was analysed and compared to spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) using a icp-aes. the bromatologic test (dry material) results for ashes, proteins, lipids and carbohydrates revealed 23.4%, 28.0%, 3.2% and 45.4% for j. curcas; whereas for s. oleracea values were 28.9%, 20.8%, 0.5% a ...201425038714
molecular cloning and characterization of pathogenesis-related protein family 10 gene from spinach (sopr10).pr10 genes encode small, intracellular proteins that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. in this study, a cdna clone (designated as sopr10, genbank accession no. kc142174) encoding a pr10 protein from spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) was isolated and characterized. sopr10 encoded a 161-amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 19.76 kda and a pi of 4.61. real-time quantitative analysis indicated that sopr10 was constitutively expressed in root and shoot. the abundance of sopr10 ...201425035979
nanodomains of cytochrome b6f and photosystem ii complexes in spinach grana thylakoid membranes.the cytochrome b6f (cytb6f) complex plays a central role in photosynthesis, coupling electron transport between photosystem ii (psii) and photosystem i to the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient used for the biosynthesis of atp. photosynthesis relies on rapid shuttling of electrons by plastoquinone (pq) molecules between psii and cytb6f complexes in the lipid phase of the thylakoid membrane. thus, the relative membrane location of these complexes is crucial, yet remains unknown. here, ...201425035407
the polar auxin transport inhibitor tiba inhibits endoreduplication in dark grown spinach hypocotyls.we addressed the question of whether an additional round of endoreduplication in dark-grown hypocotyls is a common feature in dicotyledonous plants having endopolyploid tissues. ploidy distributions of hypocotyl tissues derived from in vitro-grown spinach (spinacia oleracea l. cv. atlas) seedlings grown under different light conditions were analyzed by flow cytometry. an additional round of endoreduplication (represented by 32c cells) was found in the dark-grown hypocotyl tissues. this response ...201425017158
differences in proton pumping and na/h exchange at the leaf cell tonoplast between a halophyte and a glycophyte.the tonoplast na(+)/h(+) antiporter and tonoplast h(+) pumps are essential components of salt tolerance in plants. the objective of this study was to investigate the transport activity of the tonoplast na(+)/h(+) antiporter and the tonoplast v-h(+)-atpase and v-h(+)-ppase in a highly tolerant salt-accumulating halophyte, salicornia dolichostachya, and to compare these transport activities with activities in the related glycophyte spinacia oleracea. vacuolar membrane vesicles were isolated by den ...201424887002
characterization of spinach ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase isoforms reveals hexameric assemblies with increased thermal stability.most plants contain two isoforms of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase (rca), a chloroplast protein that maintains the activity of rubisco during photosynthesis. the longer (α-) rca isoform has previously been shown to regulate the activity of rubisco in response to both the adp:atp ratio and redox potential via thioredoxin-f. we have characterized the arrangement of the different spinach (spinacia oleracea) isoforms in solution, and show how the presence of nucle ...201425247706
antioxidant effects of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) supplementation in hyperlipidemic rats.increased consumption of fresh vegetables that are high in polyphenols has been associated with a reduced risk of oxidative stress-induced disease. the present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of spinach in vitro and in vivo in hyperlipidemic rats. for measurement of in vitro antioxidant activity, spinach was subjected to hot water extraction (we) or ethanol extraction (ee) and examined for total polyphenol content (tpc), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac), cellular antioxi ...201424772405
pre-harvest nitrogen and azoxystrobin application enhances raw product quality and post-harvest shelf-life of baby spinach (spinacia oleracea l.).baby spinach was cultivated under spring or winter conditions to investigate the effect of azoxystrobin and, only in the winter cycle, of nitrogen fertilisation (0, 80 and 120 kg ha(-1) of n) on yield and product morphological traits at harvest and on the physical, visual, bio-physiological, nutritional and anti-nutritional characteristics change during cold storage.201424700092
study on individual and interactive effects of supplemental uv-b radiation and heavy metals on spinacea oleracea.the effects of supplemental ultraviolet-b (suv-b) irradiation and heavy metals (cd and ni) treatment alone and in combination were evaluated on the growth, biomass and yield of spinach plants. all the stresses caused reduction in biomass yield vis-a-vis alteration in its distribution pattern with more retention in below ground parts leading to higher root shoot ratio. absolute growth rate (agr) decreased in all treated plants due to reduction in their height at successive growth stages. decrease ...201424665758
growing and processing conditions lead to changes in the carotenoid profile of spinach.this study aimed to evaluate the influence of different light regimens during spinach cultivation on the isomeric composition of β-carotene. irradiation with a halogen lamp, which has a wavelength spectrum close to that of daylight, was used to mimic field-grown conditions. the additional use of optical filters was established as a model system for greenhouse cultivation. field-grown model systems led to a preferential increase of 9-cis-β-carotene, whereas 13-cis-β-carotene was just formed at th ...201424831992
genetic diversity of functional food species spinacia oleracea l. by protein markers.exploration of genetic diversity contributes primarily towards crop improvement. spinaciaoleracea l. is a functional food species but unfortunately the genetic diversity of this vegetable is still unexplored. therefore, this research was planned to explore the genetic diversity of s. oleracea by using morphological and protein markers. protein profile of 25 accessions was generated on sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel. total allelic variation of 27 bands was found. out of these, 20 were ...201424499432
dark-adapted spinach thylakoid protein heterogeneity offers insights into the photosystem ii repair cycle.in higher plants, thylakoid membrane protein complexes show lateral heterogeneity in their distribution: photosystem (ps) ii complexes are mostly located in grana stacks, whereas psi and adenosine triphosphate (atp) synthase are mostly found in the stroma-exposed thylakoids. however, recent research has revealed strong dynamics in distribution of photosystems and their light harvesting antenna along the thylakoid membrane. here, the dark-adapted spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) thylakoid network w ...201424296034
molecular evidence that the genes for dioecism and monoecism in spinacia oleracea l. are located at different loci in a chromosomal region.spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is widely known to be dioecious. however, monoecious plants can also occur in this species. sex expression in dioecious spinach plants is controlled by a single gene pair termed x and y. our previous study showed that a single, incompletely dominant gene, which controls the monoecious condition in spinach line 03-336, should be allelic or linked to x/y. here, we developed 19 aflp markers closely linked to the monoecious gene. the aflp markers were mapped to a 38.2- ...201424169648
understanding the cellular mechanism of recovery from freeze-thaw injury in spinach: possible role of aquaporins, heat shock proteins, dehydrin and antioxidant system.recovery from reversible freeze-thaw injury in plants is a critical component of ultimate frost survival. however, little is known about this aspect at the cellular level. to explore possible cellular mechanism(s) for post-thaw recovery (rec), we used spinacia oleracea l. cv. bloomsdale leaves to first determine the reversible freeze-thaw injury point. freeze (-4.5°c)-thaw-injured tissues (32% injury vs <3% in unfrozen control) fully recovered during post-thaw, as assessed by an ion leakage-base ...201423981077
short-term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest affects quality in hydroponic-cultivated spinach (spinacia oleracea).quality-associated problems, such as excessive in planta accumulation of oxalate, often arise in soillessly cultivated spinach (spinacia oleracea). maintaining a higher level of ammonium (nh₄⁺) compared to nitrate (no₃⁻) during the growth period can effectively decrease the oxalate content in hydroponically cultivated vegetables. however, long-term exposure to high concentrations of nh₄⁺ induces toxicity in plants, and thus decreases the biomass production. short-term application of nh₄⁺ before ...201424038064
antimycobacterial and photosynthetic electron transport inhibiting activity of ring-substituted 4-arylamino-7-chloroquinolinium chlorides.in this study, a series of twenty-five ring-substituted 4-arylamino-7-chloroquinolinium chlorides were prepared and characterized. the compounds were tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts and also primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against mycobacterial species. 4-[(2-bromophenyl)amino]-7-chloroquinolinium chloride showed high biological activity against m. marin ...201324002140
[the intracellular distribution of acetyl-coa-synthetase in the leaves of spinacia oleracea spinach]. 20135480178
photosynthetic electron transport system promotes synthesis of au-nanoparticles.in this communication, a novel, green, efficient and economically viable light mediated protocol for generation of au-nanoparticles using most vital organelle, chloroplasts, of the plant system is portrayed. thylakoids/chloroplasts isolated from potamogeton nodosus (an aquatic plant) and spinacia oleracea (a terrestrial plant) turned au³⁺ solutions purple in presence of light of 600 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ photon flux density (pfd) and the purple coloration intensified with time. uv-vis spectra of these pu ...201323976990
effect of lead stress on mineral content and growth of wheat (triticum aestivum) and spinach (spinacia oleracea) seedlings.lead (pb) is the most common heavy metal contaminant in the environment. pb is not an essential element for plants, but they absorb it when it is present in their environment, especially in rural areas when the soil is polluted by automotive exhaust and in fields contaminated with fertilizers containing heavy metal impurities. to investigate lead effects on nutrient uptake and metabolism, two plant species, spinach (spinacia oleracea) and wheat (triticum aestivum), were grown under hydroponic co ...201323961216
molecular architecture of plant thylakoids under physiological and light stress conditions: a study of lipid-light-harvesting complex ii model membranes.in this study, we analyzed multibilayer lipid-protein membranes composed of the photosynthetic light-harvesting complex ii (lhcii; isolated from spinach [spinacia oleracea]) and the plant lipids monogalcatosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. two types of pigment-protein complexes were analyzed: those isolated from dark-adapted leaves (lhcii) and those from leaves preilluminated with high-intensity light (lhcii-hl). the lhcii-hl complexes were found to be partially phosphorylated an ...201323898030
antibacterial and herbicidal activity of ring-substituted 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides.in this study, a series of twenty-two ring-substituted 3-hydroxy-n-phenylnaphthalene-2-carboxanilides were prepared and characterized. the compounds were tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against four staphylococcus strains and against two mycobacterial species. 3-hydroxy-n-(2-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide sh ...201323884130
diversity of the spinach (spinacia oleracea) spermosphere and phyllosphere bacterial communities.the bacterial diversity of seeds, transmission of bacteria from seed to phyllosphere, and fate of seed-transmitted bacteria on mature plants are poorly characterized. understanding the dynamics of microbial communities is important for finding bio-control or mitigation strategies for human and plant pathogens. bacterial populations colonizing spermosphere and phyllosphere of spinach (spinacia oleracea) seedlings and plants were characterized using pyrosequencing of 16s rrna gene amplicons. spina ...201323859062
summer (subarctic) versus winter (subtropic) production affects spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) leaf bionutrients: vitamins (c, e, folate, k1, provitamin a), lutein, phenolics, and antioxidants.comparison of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) cultivars lazio and samish grown during the summer solstice in the subarctic versus the winter solstice in the subtropics provided insight into interactions between production environment (light intensity), cultivar, and leaf age/maturity/position affecting bionutrient concentrations of vitamins (c, e, folate, k1, provitamin a), lutein, phenolics, and antioxidants. growing spinach during the winter solstice in the subtropics resulted in increased leaf ...201323834651
mercury increases water permeability of a plant aquaporin through a non-cysteine-related mechanism.water transport across cellular membranes is mediated by a family of membrane proteins known as aqps (aquaporins). aqps were first discovered on the basis of their ability to be inhibited by mercurial compounds, an experiment which has followed the aqp field ever since. although mercury inhibition is most common, many aqps are mercury insensitive. in plants, regulation of aqps is important in order to cope with environmental changes. plant plasma membrane aqps are known to be gated by phosphoryl ...201323819815
differential sensitivity of spinach and amaranthus to enhanced uv-b at varying soil nutrient levels: association with gas exchange, uv-b-absorbing compounds and membrane damage.the metabolic reasons associated with differential sensitivity of c3 and c4 plant species to enhanced uv-b under varying soil nutrient levels are not well understood. in the present study, spinach (spinacia oleracea l. var all green), a c3 and amaranthus (amaranthus tricolor l. var pusa badi chaulai), a c4 plant were subjected to enhanced uv-b (280-315 nm; 7.2 kj m(-2) day(-1)) over ambient under varying soil nutrient levels. the nutrient amendments were recommended nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), ...201323686471
protective role of a methanolic extract of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) against pb toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings: beneficial effects for a plant of a nutraceutical used with animals.spinach extracts contain powerful natural antioxidants and have been used to improve the response of animal cells to various stress factors. the aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a methanolic extract of spinach (se) used at two concentrations (21.7 and 217 ppm) on the growth, certain enzymes and antioxidant systems in wheat seedlings under lead stress. when wheat seedlings were grown for 7 days in a solution containing pb(no3)2 (3 mm), germination and growth were impaired, wh ...201323645001
major controlling factors and predictions for cadmium transfer from the soil into spinach plants.predicting the mobility, bioavailability and transfer of cadmium (cd) in the soil-plant system is of great importance with regards to food safety and environmental management. in this study, the transfer characteristics of cd (exogenous salts) from a wide range of chinese soils to spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) were investigated. the major controlling factors and prediction equations for cd transfer in the soil-plant system were also investigated. the results showed that plant cd concentration w ...201323642309
effect of inorganic and organic copper fertilizers on copper nutrition in spinacia oleracea and on labile copper in soil.to ensure an optimal concentration of cu in food crops, the effectiveness of eight liquid cu fertilizers was studied in a spinach ( spinacia oleracea l.) crop grown on cu-deficient soil under greenhouse conditions. plant dry matter yields, cu concentrations in spinach plants (total and morpholino acid (mes)- and ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds)-extractable), and cu uptakes were studied. the behavior of cu in soil was evaluated by both single and sequential extraction procedures. the highest ...201323638953
microdissection and painting of the y chromosome in spinach (spinacia oleracea).spinach has long been used as a model for genetic and physiological studies of sex determination and expression. although trisomic analysis from a cross between diploid and triploid plants identified the xy chromosome as the largest chromosome, no direct evidence has been provided to support this at the molecular level. in this study, the largest chromosomes of spinach from mitotic metaphase spreads were microdissected using glass needles. degenerate oligonucleotide primed polymerase chain react ...201323381038
accumulation of heavy metals in spinacia oleracea irrigated with paper mill effluent and sewage.the present study on heavy metal contamination in soil and their accumulation in edible part (leaves) and roots of spinacia oleracea (spinach) on irrigation with paper mill effluent (pme)/sewage revealed that there was significant increase in the nickel (ni, +227.17 %) content of the soil irrigated with pme, whereas in the soil irrigated with sewage chromium (cr, +274.84 %), iron (fe, +149.56 %), and cadmium (cd, +133.39 %), contents were increased appreciably. the value of enrichment factor (ef ...201323371250
ascorbic acid, nitrate, and nitrite concentration relationship to the 24hour light/dark cycle for spinach grown in different conditions.nitrate, nitrite and ascorbic acid (vitamin c) concentrations were determined for spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) over a 24 h period to determine if light intensity (including dark periods) at time of harvest impacts concentrations in raw vegetables. nitrate, nitrate and ascorbic acid concentrations varied significantly over the 24 h period and appeared to be related to changes in light intensity. light intensity at the time an experimental sample is collected may affect the concentration of some ...201323265502
assessment of natural sepiolite on cadmium stabilization, microbial communities, and enzyme activities in acidic soil.a pot trial was conducted to assess the efficiency of sepiolite-induced cadmium (cd) immobilization in ultisoils. under cd concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg kg(-1), the available cd in the soil after the application of 1-10 % sepiolite decreased by a maximum of 44.4, 23.0, and 17.0 %, respectively, compared with no sepiolite treatments. the increase in the values of soil enzyme activities and microbial number proved that a certain metabolic recovery occurred after sepiolite treatment. the dr ...201323093419
human health risk from heavy metal via food crops consumption with wastewater irrigation practices in pakistan.the current study was designed to investigate the potential human health risks associated with consumption of food crops contaminated with toxic heavy metals. cadmium (cd) concentration in surface soils; cd, lead (pb) and chromium (cr) in the irrigation water and food crops were above permissible limits. the accumulation factor (af) was >1 for manganese (mn) and pb in different food crops. the health risk index (hri) was >1 for pb in all food crops irrigated with wastewater and tube well water. ...201324075531
synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-aryloxyethyl)amino]propyl 4-[(alkoxycarbonyl)amino]benzoates.a series of twenty substituted 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-aryloxyethyl)amino]propyl 4-[(alkoxycarbonyl)amino]benzoates were prepared and characterized. as similar compounds have been described as potential antimycobacterials, primary in vitro screening of the synthesized carbamates was also performed against two mycobacterial species. 2-hydroxy-3-[2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]-propyl 4-(butoxycarbonylamino)benzoate hydrochloride, 2-hydroxy-3-[2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]-propyl 4-(butoxycarbonylam ...201324288475
clinical efficacy of a herbal dentifrice on dentinal hypersensitivity: a randomized controlled clinical trial.dentinal hypersensitivity is a common problem and there is a growing interest in herbal based formulations for the treatment of oral diseases. this study was conducted to assess the efficacy of a commercially available novel herbal dentifrice in reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity.201324320906
antioxidant assays - consistent findings from frap and orac reveal a negative impact of organic cultivation on antioxidant potential in spinach but not watercress or rocket leaves.watercress (rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum), wild rocket (diplotaxis tenuifolia), and spinach (spinacia oleracea) are commercial crops reported to have high concentrations of antioxidants, possibly contributing to disease prevention following human consumption. following analysis of supermarket-purchased salad leaves, we report the antioxidant content potential of these species using two comparable techniques assessing the consistency between the assays - by the ferric reducing antioxidant power ( ...201324804054
effect of polyamines on glutathione reductase activity in spinach.the effects of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) on glutathione reductase (glutathione: nadp+ oxidoreductase, ec 1.8.1.7; gr) activity of spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea l. cv. gladiator) were investigated under in vivo and in vitro conditions. spinach was grown in sand culture under controlled conditions for 30 d. in in vivo assays 30-day-old plants were sprayed with polyamines once, and leaves were harvested 1, 5, 10 and 15 d after treatment. the three polyamines decreased the ...201318533471
enhanced photosynthetic activity in spinacia oleracea by spectral modification with a photoluminescent light converting material.the spectral conversion of incident sunlight by appropriate photoluminescent materials has been a widely studied issue for improving the efficiency of photovoltaic solar energy harvesting. by using phosphors with suitable excitation/emission properties, also the light conditions for plants can be adjusted to match the absorption spectra of chlorophyll dyes, in this way increasing the photosynthetic activity of the plant. here, we report on the application of this principle to a high plant, spina ...201324514932
cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in new zealand.cyanogenic glycosides occur in a wide range of plant species. the potential toxicity of cyanogenic glycosides arises from enzymatic degradation to produce hydrogen cyanide, which may result in acute cyanide poisoning and has also been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases. one hundred retail foods were sampled and analysed for the presence of total hydrocyanic acid using an acid hydrolysis-isonicotinic/barbituric acid colourimetric method. food samples included cassava, bamboo ...201323984870
green leaves are the stuff of life.children, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and the elderly need to eat dark green leafy vegetables. these vegetables provide vitamin a which prevents night blindness and increases resistance to illness. the vitamin is also transferred to babies in breast milk; so mothers, in particular, need to consume these vegetables. vitamin a is also contained in squash, sweet potatoes, carrots, mangoes, milk, eggs, and liver. iron, which prevents tiredness and weakness, is found in meat, peas, beans, spinac ...201312345402
value addition of traditional wheat flour vermicelli.vermicelli is a product prepared by using whole or refined wheat flour. hard dough is prepared, extruded and dried in the sun. since wheat flour is deficient in lysine, one of the essential amino acids, the protein quality remains poor. refining of wheat further reduces nutritional quality. therefore value addition of vermicelli is of prime importance to improve nutrient content and to save its delicacy. secondly, use of value added convenient/processed foods can be a solution to the problem of ...201324425987
arsenic availability from chromated copper arsenate (cca)-treated wood.lumber used to construct raised garden beds is often treated with chromated copper arsenate (cca). this project aimed to determine (i) how far as, cu, and cr had diffused away from cca-treated wood surfaces in raised garden beds under realistic conditions, (ii) the uptake of these elements by crops, and (iii) the effect of cca solution on soil bacteria. this study showed that as, cu, and cr diffuse into soil from cca-treated wood used to construct raised garden beds. to determine crop uptake of ...201314964372
in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model to estimate cadmium and lead bioaccessibility/bioavailability in two vegetables: the influence of cooking and additives.the estimation of heavy metal bioaccessibility and bioavailability in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment. using an in vitro digestion/caco-2 cell model, the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of cadmium (cd) and lead (pb) in raw/cooked pakchoi (brassica rapa l., chinensis group) and malabar spinach (basella rubra l.) were studied. the effect of the addition of iron, calcium and acetic acid to the samples was also determined. the results indicated that cd bioaccessibility wa ...201323791752
trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis).an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analysed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2 + 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. t ...201324513061
trace level voltammetric determination of heavy metals and total mercury in tea matrices (camellia sinensis).an analytical procedure regarding the voltammetric determination of mercury(ii), copper(ii), lead(ii), cadmium(ii) and zinc(ii) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (swasv) in matrices involved in food chain is proposed. in particular, tea leaves were analyzed as real samples. the digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated hcl-hno3-h2so4 acidic attack mixture; 0.01 mol l(-1) edta-na2+ 0.15 mol l(-1) nacl + 0.5 mol l(-1) hcl was employed as the supporting electrolyte. th ...201324416778
graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric detection of vanadium in water and food samples after solid phase extraction on multiwalled carbon nanotubes.vanadium(v) ions as 8-hydroxyquinoline chelates were loaded on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (mwnts) in a mini chromatographic column. vanadium was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (gfaas). various analytical parameters including ph of the working solutions, amounts of 8-hydroxyquinoline, eluent type, sample volume, and flow rates were investigated. the effects of matrix ions and some transition metals were also studied. the column can be reused 250 times without any ...201324148394
photosynthetic electron transport inhibition by 2-substituted 4-alkyl-6-benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines with thylakoids from wild-type and atrazine-resistant chenopodium album.the effect of 2-benzylamino-1,3,5-triazines on photosynthetic electron transport (pet) was measured with thylakoids isolated from atrazine-resistant, wild-type chenopodium album, and spinach to find novel 1,3,5-triazine herbicides bearing a strong pet inhibition. the pet inhibition assay with chenopodium (wild-type and resistant), yielded a resistance ratio (r/w = i50 (resistant)/i50 (wild-type)) of 324 for atrazine while for benzylamino-1,3,5-triazine derivatives of diamino-1,3,5-triazines a r/ ...201312562086
photosynthetic electron transport inhibition by pyrimidines and pyridines substituted with benzylamino, methyl and trifluoromethyl groups.the decrease of the number of ring nitrogen atoms of 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines on herbicidal activity and inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) was assayed using thylakoids from spinacia oleracea or atrazine-resistant chenopodium album. three 2-benzylamino-4-methyl-6-trifluoromethyl-1,3,5-triazines, nine pyrimidines with a benzylamino-, methyl- and trifluoromethyl-group, 2-benzylamino-6-methyl-4-trifluoromethyl- pyridine and n-benzyl-3-methyl-5-trif ...201311371009
photobleaching with phloxine b sensitizer to reduce food matrix interference for detection of escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 in fresh spinach by flow cytometry.a flow cytometric method (rapid-b™) with detection sensitivity of one viable cell of escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 in fresh spinach (spinacia oleracea) was developed and evaluated. the major impediment to achieving this performance was mistaking autofluorescing spinach particles for tagged target cells. following a 5 h non-selective enrichment, artificially inoculated samples were photobleached, using phloxine b as a photosensitizer. samples were centrifuged at high speed to concentrate targ ...201324010624
colonization of spinach by verticillium dahliae and effects of pathogen localization on the efficacy of seed treatments.verticillium wilt on spinach (spinacia oleracea) is caused by the soilborne fungus verticillium dahliae. the pathogen is seedborne and transmission through seed is a major concern because of the dispersal of the pathogen to areas where fresh and processing spinach crops are grown in rotation with susceptible crops. reduction in seedborne inoculum minimizes pathogen spread; therefore, knowledge of pathogen localization in seed is critical to develop methods to reduce seedborne inoculum. spinach s ...201323190117
structural profiling and quantitation of glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides in plants with fourier transform mass spectrometry.glycosyl inositol phosphoceramides (gipc) are the main sphingolipids in plants, and optimization of their extraction and detection is still in the focus of research. mass spectrometry provides new options for the analysis and structural elucidation of this complex class of lipids. the coupling of linear ion trap and orbitrap (ltq orbitrap) enabled various fragmentation experiments (ms(2), ms(3)) by collision-induced dissociation (cid) and pulsed-q dissociation (pqd). for structural analysis, gip ...201323573790
multiplex taqman® detection of pathogenic and multi-drug resistant salmonella.overuse of antibiotics in the medical and animal industries is one of the major causes for the development of multi-drug-resistant (mdr) food pathogens that are often difficult to treat. in the past few years, higher incidences of outbreaks caused by mdr salmonella have been increasingly documented. the objective of this study was to develop a rapid multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for simultaneous detection of pathogenic and mdr salmonella spp. a multiplex taqman®real-t ...201323973830
nutritional composition of commonly consumed composite dishes from rural villages in empangeni, kwazulu-natal, south africa.accurate nutrient composition data for composite dishes unique to a population is essential for the development of a nutrient database and the calculation of dietary intake. the present study aimed to provide the nutritional composition of composite dishes frequently consumed in rural kwazulu-natal, south africa.201323216447
plant derived alternatives for hormone replacement therapy (hrt).abstract hormone replacement therapy (hrt) has undisputable positive effects on climacteric complaints, in the bone and on body weight but also several undesired side effects. therefore, plant-derived alternatives are currently promoted. phytoestrogens - primarily the isoflavones genistein, daidzein and coumestrol, stemming from soy (glycine max) or red clover (trifolium pratense) - were suggested to have the desired but not the undesired effects of estrogens. most recently published placebo-con ...201325436745
furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from balfourodendron riedelianum as photosynthetic inhibitors in spinach chloroplasts.in the search for natural inhibitors of plant growth, we investigate the mechanism of action of the natural furoquinoline alkaloids isolated from balfourodendron riedelianum (rutaceae): evolitrine (1), kokusaginine (2), γ-fagarine (3), skimmianine (4) and maculosidine (5) on the photosynthesis light reactions. their effect on the electron transport chain on thylakoids was analyzed. alkaloids 1, 2, 4 and 5 inhibited atp synthesis, basal, phosphorylating and uncoupled electron transport acting as ...201323416711
characterization of high molecular weight cadmium species in contaminated vegetable food.spinach and radish grown from seeds were each contaminated with 4 different amounts of cadmium. after a cell breakdown of the eatable parts and centrifugation of the resulting homogenates all supernatants (cytosols) were separated by gel permeation chromatography (gpc). the size-range of the gpc method used was about 20-8000 kda for globular proteins. the high molecular weight (hmw-cd-sp, 150-700 kda) and the low molecular weight cd species (lmw-cd-sp, < 150 kda) in all plant cytosols eluted at ...201311220593
changes and recovery of soil bacterial communities influenced by biological soil disinfestation as compared with chloropicrin-treatment.soil bacterial composition, as influenced by biological soil disinfestation (bsd) associated with biomass incorporation was investigated to observe the effects of the treatment on the changes and recovery of the microbial community in a commercial greenhouse setting. chloropicrin (cp) was also used for soil disinfestation to compare with the effects of bsd. the fusarium wilt disease incidence of spinach cultivated in the bsd- and cp-treated plots was reduced as compared with that in the untreate ...201323958081
bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of fresh fruits and vegetables.fresh fruits and vegetables can harbor large and diverse populations of bacteria. however, most of the work on produce-associated bacteria has focused on a relatively small number of pathogenic bacteria and, as a result, we know far less about the overall diversity and composition of those bacterial communities found on produce and how the structure of these communities varies across produce types. moreover, we lack a comprehensive view of the potential effects of differing farming practices on ...201323544058
the primary structure of spinach-leaf phospholipid-transfer protein.the complete amino acid sequence phospholipid-transfer protein isolated from spinach leaves has been determined. the primary structure of the spinach protein was elucidated by analyses by hplc of cyanogen bromide fragments and peptides obtained by tryptic digestions. the single polypeptide chain of the spinach protein consists of 91 amino acid residues. the protein contains six cysteines whereas phenylalanine and glutamine are absent. the present data, which are the first to be obtained with a p ...20133609015
initiation of aerobic oxidation of sulfite by illuminated spinach chloroplasts. 20134144355
biosynthesis of levan, a bacterial extracellular polysaccharide, in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.levans are fructose polymers synthesized by a broad range of micro-organisms and a limited number of plant species as non-structural storage carbohydrates. in microbes, these polymers contribute to the formation of the extracellular polysaccharide (eps) matrix and play a role in microbial biofilm formation. levans belong to a larger group of commercially important polymers, referred to as fructans, which are used as a source of prebiotic fibre. for levan, specifically, this market remains untapp ...201324147008
genes ycfr, sira and yigg contribute to the surface attachment of salmonella enterica typhimurium and saintpaul to fresh produce.salmonella enterica is a frequent contaminant of minimally-processed fresh produce linked to major foodborne disease outbreaks. the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of this enteric pathogen with fresh produce remain largely unexplored. in our recent study, we showed that the expression of a putative stress regulatory gene, ycfr, was significantly induced in s. enterica upon exposure to chlorine treatment, a common industrial practice for washing and decontaminating fresh produce d ...201323451197
unsaturated fatty acids from food and in the growth medium improve growth of bacillus cereus under cold and anaerobic conditions.in a chemically defined medium and in luria broth, cold strongly reduced maximal population density of bacillus cereus atcc 14579 in anaerobiosis and caused formation of filaments. in cooked spinach, maximal population density of b. cereus in anaerobiosis was the same at cold and optimal temperatures, with normal cell divisions. the lipid containing fraction of spinach, but not the hydrophilic fraction, restored growth of b. cereus under cold and anaerobiosis when added to the chemically defined ...201324010589
effect of metalloporphyrins on red autofluorescence from oral bacteria.the aim of this study was to assess the red autofluorescence from bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis in the presence of different nutrients in the growth medium. bacteria were grown anaerobically on tryptic soy agar (tsa) supplemented with nutrients, including magnesium-porphyrins from spinach and iron-porphyrins from heme. the autofluorescence was then assessed at 405 nm excitation. on the tsa without additives, no autofluorescence was observed from any of the species ...201323659237
occurrence and genetic diversity of arcobacter spp. in a spinach-processing plant and evaluation of two arcobacter-specific quantitative pcr assays.some species of the genus arcobacter are considered to be emerging food pathogens. with respect to recent vegetable-borne outbreaks, the aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of arcobacter within the production chain of a spinach-processing plant by a combination of cultivation and molecular methods. samples including spinach, water, and surface biofilm were taken over a period of three years from the entire processing line. ten 16s rrna (rrs) gene clone libraries were ...201323561260
fascioliasis and intestinal parasitoses affecting schoolchildren in atlixco, puebla state, mexico: epidemiology and treatment with nitazoxanide.the atlixco municipality, puebla state, at a mean altitude of 1840 m, was selected for a study of fasciola hepatica infection in schoolchildren in mexico. this area presents permanent water collections continuously receiving thaw water from popocatepetl volcano (5426 m altitude) through the community supply channels, conforming an epidemiological scenario similar to those known in hyperendemic areas of andean countries.201324278492
identification of novel antimicrobial resistance genes from microbiota on retail spinach.drug resistance genes and their mobile genetic elements are frequently identified from environmental saprophytic organisms. it is widely accepted that the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry selects for drug resistant microorganisms, which are then spread from the farm environment to humans through the consumption of contaminated food products. we wished to identify novel drug resistance genes from microbial communities on retail food products. here, we chose to study the microbial communitie ...201324289541
determination of essential and toxic elements in cordyceps kyushuensis kawam by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.in this study, a total of 20 elements (essential, non-essential and toxic): lithium (li), sodium (na), potassium (k), gallium (ga), magnesium (mg), zinc (zn), iron (fe), copper (cu), manganese (mn), vanadium (v), chromium (cr), nickel (ni), cobalt (co), molybdenum (mo), selenium (se), barium (ba), tin (sn), arsenic (as), lead (pb) cadmium (cd) and mercury (hg) in natural and cultured cordyceps kyushuensis have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (icp-ms). cul ...201323102516
microbiological survey of imported produce available at retail across canada.increasing consumption and year-round consumer demand for fresh, minimally processed green vegetables have been observed in canada and other developed countries. however, in the past two decades, produce has been increasingly implicated in outbreaks and correspondingly recognized as a vector for the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. to this end, we examined the microbiological quality of imported produce available at retail across canada during a period of limited domestic availability. ...201323416548
intergeneric recombination between a new, spinach-infecting curtovirus and a new geminivirus belonging to the genus becurtovirus: first new world exemplar.a novel curtovirus, spinach severe curly top virus (ssctv), was associated with symptomatic spinach plants collected from a commercial field in south-central arizona during 2009. in addition, a second viral molecule of about 2.9 kb from the same spinach plants was amplified, cloned and sequenced. the latter isolate, herein named spinach curly top arizona virus (sctav), was found to share 77 % pairwise sequence identity with beet curly top iran virus (bctiv), a leafhopper-transmitted geminivirus ...201323708296
fulfilling koch's postulates for beet curly top iran virus and proposal for consideration of new genus in the family geminiviridae.beet curly top iran virus (bctiv) is a divergent geminivirus with biological properties similar to those of curtoviruses; however, the virus is distinct from curtoviruses phylogenetically and in its genome organisation. the replication-associated protein is phylogenetically more closely related to those of mastreviruses than to those of curtoviruses whereas the capsid protein shares high amino acid sequence identity (77-83 %) with those of curtoviruses. the 17 bctiv genomes from iran share ~77 % ...201323081676
molecular characterization and variation of the broad bean wilt virus 2 isolates based on analyses of complete genome sequences.the full-genome sequences of fourteen isolates of broad bean wilt virus 2 (bbwv2), collected from broad bean, pea, spinach, bell pepper and paprika plants in korea during the years 2006-2012, were determined and analyzed comparatively along with fifteen previously reported bbwv2 genome sequences. sequence analyses showed that rna-1 and rna-2 sequences of bbwv2 korean isolates consisted of 5950-5956 and 3568-3604 nucleotides, respectively. full-length genome sequence-based phylogenetic analyses r ...201325288968
identification of sequences required for al2-mediated activation of the tomato golden mosaic virus-yellow vein br1 promoter.a 108 bp sequence has been identified in the tomato golden mosaic virus-yellow vein (yvtgmv) b component that is necessary and sufficient for al2-mediated activation of the br1 promoter. the sequence appears to have a bipartite arrangement, with elements located between -144 to -77 and -59 to -36 from the transcription start site, with both being required for activation by al2. these sequences are located upstream of a tata box and bind nuclear proteins from spinach, tomato and arabidopsis. thes ...201323486662
imaging bacterial protein expression using genetically encoded rna sensors.the difficulties in imaging the dynamics of protein expression in live bacterial cells can be overcome by using fluorescent sensors based on spinach, an rna that activates the fluorescence of a small-molecule fluorophore. these rnas selectively bind target proteins and exhibit fluorescence increases that enable protein expression to be imaged in living escherichia coli. these sensors are key components of a generalizable strategy to image protein expression in a single bacterium in real time.201323872791
evaluation of models describing the growth of nalidixic acid-resistant e. coli o157:h7 in blanched spinach and iceberg lettuce as a function of temperature.the aim of this study was to model the growth of nalidixic acid-resistant e. coli o157:h7 (e. coli o157:h7nr) in blanched spinach and to evaluate model performance with an independent set of data for interpolation (8.5, 13, 15 and 27 °c) and for extrapolation (broth and fresh-cut iceberg lettuce) using the ratio method and the acceptable prediction zone method. the lag time (lt), specific growth rate (sgr) and maximum population density (mpd) obtained from each primary model were modeled as a fu ...201323839062
evaluation of pathogenic escherichia coli occurrence in vegetable samples from district bazaars in istanbul using real-time pcr.in this study, a total of 180 vegetable samples collected from several district bazaars of istanbul were investigated for the occurrence of escherichia coli using a culture-based method. the isolates were subjected to real-time pcr detection of shiga-toxin-producing e. coli (stec) using primers specific for the shiga toxin (stx1 and stx2) and intimin (eae) virulence genes. the prevalences of e. coli in the samples were 93·3% in spinach, 93·3% in lettuce, 86·6% in parsley, 43·3% in carrot, 33·3% ...201323789811
generic escherichia coli contamination of spinach at the preharvest stage: effects of farm management and environmental factors.the objective of this study was to determine the effects of farm management and environmental factors on preharvest spinach contamination with generic escherichia coli as an indicator of fecal contamination. a repeated cross-sectional study was conducted by visiting spinach farms up to four times per growing season over a period of 2 years (2010 to 2011). spinach samples (n = 955) were collected from 12 spinach farms in colorado and texas as representative states of the western and southwestern ...201323666336
simple, rapid, and reliable detection of escherichia coli o26 using immunochromatography.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o26 has been increasingly associated with diarrheal disease all over the world. we developed an immunochromatographic (ic) strip for the rapid detection of e. coli o26 in food samples. to determine the specificity of the ic strip, pure cultures of 67 e. coli and 22 non-e. coli strains were tested with the ic strip. the ic strip could detect all (18 of 18) e. coli o26 strains tested and did not react with strains of any other e. coli serogroup or non- ...201323643115
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 301 - 400 of 3764