Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| crown allometry and growing space efficiency of norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) in pure and mixed stands. | in pure and mixed stands of norway spruce ( picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) we have analyzed crown allometry and growing space efficiency at the tree level and have scaled this from tree level to stand level production. allometry is quantified by the ratio a between the relative growth rates of laterally and vertically oriented tree dimensions. efficiency parameters, eoc for efficiency in space occupation, eex for efficiency in space exploitation, and ebi for ef ... | 2005 | 16388466 |
| spectral multichannel monitoring of radiation within a mature mixed forest. | a multi-sensor system is described based on fiber optic technology and a diode array spectrometer for near-simultaneous measurement of spectral photon fluence rates (pfr) in the range of 360 nm to 1020 nm with a resolution of 0.8 nm, within a mature norway spruce ( picea abies [l.] karst.) - european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) stand. 126 space-integrating spherical sensors, deployed in a regular grid above and within the canopy and on the forest floor, are sequentially connected to the spectrom ... | 2005 | 16388465 |
| effects of elevated pco2 and/or po3 on c-, n-, and s-metabolites in the leaves of juvenile beech and spruce differ between trees grown in monoculture and mixed culture. | three and four-year-old saplings of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) grown in monoculture and mixed culture were exposed in phytotrons to (1) ambient air, (2) elevated po(3), (3) elevated pco(2), or (4) elevated pco(2) plus elevated po(3). after 5 months, the contents of soluble sugars, starch, soluble amino compounds, non-structural proteins (nsp), as well as reduced (gsh) and oxidized (gssg) glutathione were determined in the leaves of both species in order to as ... | 2005 | 15820662 |
| growth of adult norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) under free-air ozone fumigation. | this study attempted to detect the impact of ozone on adult trees of norway spruce ( picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) in an experimental mixed stand in southern bavaria, germany. the aim was to examine whether there is a decrease in growth when trees are exposed to higher than atmospheric concentrations of ozone. this exposure was put into effect using a free-air fumigation system at tree crown level. growth analysis was carried out on a group of 47 spruce and 36 ... | 2005 | 16388464 |
| competitive strategies in adult beech and spruce: space-related foliar carbon investment versus carbon gain. | in central europe, fagus sylvatica and picea abies represent contrasting extremes in foliage type, crown structure and length of growing season. in order to examine the competitive strategies of these two co-occurring species, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) the space occupied by the foliage of sun branches is characterized by greater foliar mass investment compared to shade branches, (2) the carbon (c) gain per unit of occupied space is greater in sun than in shade branches, and (3) ann ... | 2005 | 16205957 |
| tree species (picea abies and fagus sylvatica) effects on soil water acidification and aluminium chemistry at sites subjected to long-term acidification in the ore mts., czech republic. | the effect of european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) on acid deposition and soil water chemistry was studied at a site in the ore mts., czech republic, that has been subjected to decades of elevated acidic deposition. dry deposition onto the spruce canopy significantly increased acid input to the soil in comparison to the beech canopy. as a result soil waters were more acidic; al, so4(2-), and no3- concentrations were significantly higher; and ca and k concentrations we ... | 2005 | 16054698 |
| differences in growth characteristics and dynamics of elements absorbed in seedlings of three spruce species raised on serpentine soil in northern japan. | serpentine soils are characterized by the presence of heavy metals (ni and cr) and excess mg; these elements often suppress plant growth. picea glehnii is nevertheless distributed widely on serpentine soils in northern japan. growth characteristics were compared among p. glehnii, picea jezoensis (distributed in the same region) and picea abies (planted for timber production), and concentrations of elements in various tissues over time and the amount of ectomycorrhizal infection in short roots we ... | 2005 | 15650010 |
| modeling tree water deficit from microclimate: an approach to quantifying drought stress. | tree water deficit estimated by measuring water-related changes in stem radius (deltaw) was compared with tree water deficit estimated from the output of a simple, physiologically reasonable model (deltawe), with soil water potential (psisoil) and atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (vpd) as inputs. values of deltaw were determined by monitoring stem radius changes with dendrometers and detrending the results for growth. we followed changes in deltaw and deltawe in pinus sylvestris l. and quercus ... | 2005 | 15574396 |
| habitat factors associated with bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and concomitant hantavirus in northern sweden. | puumala virus (puuv), genus hantavirus, causes nephropathia epidemica, a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. in this study, bank voles, the natural reservoir of puuv, were captured at locations of previous human puuv exposure and paired controls within a region of high incidence in northern sweden. the aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the abundance of bank voles and the occurrence of puuv. the total number of voles and the numbe ... | 2005 | 16417427 |
| mycorrhiza helper bacterium streptomyces ach 505 induces differential gene expression in the ectomycorrhizal fungus amanita muscaria. | the interaction between the mycorrhiza helper bacteria streptomyces nov. sp. 505 (ach 505) and streptomyces annulatus 1003 (ach 1003) with fly agaric (amanita muscaria) and spruce (picea abies) was investigated. the effects of both bacteria on the mycelial growth of different ectomycorrhizal fungi, on ectomycorrhiza formation, and on fungal gene expression in dual culture with ach 505 were determined. the fungus specificities of the streptomycetes were similar. both bacterial species showed the ... | 2005 | 16159334 |
| phenotypic and dna sequence data comparisons reveal three discrete species in the ceratocystis polonica species complex. | ceratocystis polonica and c. laricicola are two morphologically similar species that occur on conifers and reside in the ceratocystis coerulescens species complex. they, however, represent two ecologically distinct entities. c. polonica causes blue stain on norway spruce (picea abies) and other spruce species (picea spp.) in eurasia and is associated with the bark beetles ips typographus, i. typographus japonicus, i. amitinus and i. duplicatus. in contrast, c. laricicola lives in a symbiotic rel ... | 2005 | 16279408 |
| autumn frost hardiness in norway spruce plus tree progeny and trees of the local and transferred provenances in central sweden. | reforestation with provenances from locations remote from the planting site (transferred provenances) or the progeny of trees of local provenances selected for superior form and vigor (plus trees) offer alternative means to increase yield over that obtained by the use of seed from unselected trees of the local provenance. under swedish conditions, norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) of certain transferred provenances generally has an advantage in productivity relative to the local provenance ... | 2005 | 15996961 |
| meteorological factors and air pollution in lithuanian forests: possible effects on tree condition. | this study investigates changes in tree condition and environmental factors in lithuania during the active growing season in 1991-2001. the average crown defoliation and the proportion of healthy trees of pinus sylvestris, picea abies, betula sp., fraxinus excelsior, alnus incana, alnus glutinosa, populus tremula, and quercus robur, meteorological (average temperature, amount of precipitation, hydrothermal coefficient) and air pollution data (acidity of precipitation, concentrations of so2, no2 ... | 2005 | 16005769 |
| development of a nested pcr detection procedure for nectria fuckeliana direct from norway spruce bark extracts. | a pair of primers specific for nectria fuckeliana, a bark infecting pathogen predominantly of norway spruce (picea abies), were designed from comparisons of nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (its) regions of nine isolates from norway, lithuania, switzerland, austria, slovakia, scotland (larix sp.) and new zealand (pinus radiata), and other closely related nectriaceous species, including neo. neomacrospora, and 'n'. mammoidea, to which it exhibits taxonomic ... | 2005 | 15621436 |
| bacterial endophytes from seeds of norway spruce (picea abies l. karst). | endophytic bacteria from wooden plants and especially seed-associated endophytes are not well studied. fresh seeds collected from four norway spruce trees (picea abies) from different locations in the slovene subalpine region were surface-sterilised and dissected into a seed coat, embryo and endosperm. the presence of endophytes was detected by culturing methods and by direct amplification of the eubacterial 16s rdna gene. both approaches identified bacteria from genera pseudomonas and rahnella ... | 2005 | 15766788 |
| morphological-anatomical characterization and molecular identification of tomentella stuposa ectomycorrhizae and related anatomotypes. | species in the genus tomentella (thelephoraceae) belong to the most frequent and widespread ectomycorrhizal (em) fungi found in temperate and boreal forests. although several unidentified tomentelloid morphotypes have been presented as common members of em communities in coniferous and broad-leaved forests, few tomentelloid em have been identified and described in detail. in this study, ten tomentelloid em isolates collected from populus alba, quercus cerris and picea abies stands in hungary and ... | 2005 | 15517422 |
| daylength and temperature during seed production interactively affect adaptive performance of picea abies progenies. | adaptive traits in picea abies (norway spruce) progenies are influenced by the maternal temperatures during seed production. here, we have extended these studies by testing the effects of maternal photoperiod and temperature on phenology and frost hardiness on progenies. using eight phytotron rooms, seeds from three unrelated crosses were made in an environmental 2 x 2 factorial combination of long and short days and high and low temperatures. the progenies were then forced to cease growth rapid ... | 2005 | 16313642 |
| susceptibility to low-temperature photoinhibition in three conifers differing in successional status. | susceptibility to photoinhibition of the evergreen conifers abies alba mill., picea abies (l.) karst. and pinus mugo turra was investigated in an unheated greenhouse during winter and spring 2003. photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence and analyses of chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations in needles. during winter months, maximum quantum yield of psii photochemistry (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, fv/fm) was significantly grea ... | 2005 | 15996958 |
| fine roots in stands of fagus sylvatica and picea abies along a gradient of soil acidification. | root length of naturally grown young beech trees (fagus sylvatica l.) was investigated in 26 forest plots of differing base saturation and nitrogen deposition. the relative length of finest roots (<0.25 mm) was found to decrease in soils with low base saturation. a similar reduction of finest roots in plots with high nitrogen deposition was masked by the effect of base saturation. the formation of adventitious roots was enhanced in acidic soils. the analysis of 128 soil profiles for fine roots o ... | 2005 | 15964116 |
| long lasting nitrate leaching after bark beetle attack in the highlands of the bavarian forest national park. | during the past decade bark beetle (ips typographus) attacks killed nearly all of the norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.] stands in the unmanaged zone in the highlands of the bavarian forest national park. this study was conducted to predict if and how long the catastrophic event might cause elevated nitrate no3(-) concentration in seepage water, and if the presence of ground vegetation may reduce no3(-) leaching. a chronosequence approach was used to investigate no3(-) leaching before and a ... | 2005 | 16151229 |
| estimating foliage biomass in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and norway spruce (picea abies) plots. | dynamic decomposition models are needed to estimate changes in the carbon stock of boreal soil because these changes are difficult to measure directly. an important aboveground carbon flux to the soil is foliage litterfall. to estimate this flux, both the amount and the turnover rate of the foliage biomass component must be known. several methods for estimating foliage biomass of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), including biomass equations and biomass ... | 2005 | 15870050 |
| assessment of cone-damaging insects in a swedish spruce seed orchard and the efficacy of large-scale application of bacillus thuringiensis variety aizawai x kurstaki against lepidopterans. | in a 2-yr study, we investigated the efficacy of large-scale application of the biological insecticide bacillus thuringiensis variety aizawai x kurstaki (btk) in a swedish spruce, picea abies l. (karst.), seed orchard for controlling damage caused by four lepidopteran species: dioryctria abietella den et. schiff. (pyralidae), eupithecia abietaria götze, e. analoga djakonov (geometridae), and cydia strobilella (l.) (tortricidae). the frequencies of these species, and strobilomyia anthracina czern ... | 2005 | 15889731 |
| origin and evolution of kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein. | kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein (kcbp), a member of the kinesin-14 family, is a c-terminal microtubule motor with three unique domains including a myosin tail homology region 4 (myth4), a talin-like domain, and a calmodulin-binding domain (cbd). the myth4 and talin-like domains (found in some myosins) are not found in other reported kinesins. a calmodulin-binding kinesin called kinesin-c (spkinc) isolated from sea urchin (strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is the only reported kinesin with a ... | 2005 | 15951483 |
| fungal communities in mycorrhizal roots of conifer seedlings in forest nurseries under different cultivation systems, assessed by morphotyping, direct sequencing and mycelial isolation. | fungi colonising root tips of pinus sylvestris and picea abies grown under four different seedling cultivation systems were assessed by morphotyping, direct sequencing and isolation methods. roots were morphotyped using two approaches: (1) 10% of the whole root system from 30 seedlings of each species and (2) 20 randomly selected tips per plant from 300 seedlings of each species. the first approach yielded 15 morphotypes, the second yielded 27, including 18 new morphotypes. the overall community ... | 2005 | 16177926 |
| monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of a community of the tree-root endophyte phialocephala fortinii s.l. | phialocephala fortinii sensu lato was isolated from picea abies roots that had been collected from the same 3 x 3-m forest plot in 2001 and 2004, to examine the spatial and temporal dynamics of this fungal community. rflp analysis was used to define the multilocus haplotype (mlh) of each isolate. pielou's measure of association and chi(2) tests of independence were employed to examine the randomness of patterns of spatial distribution of mlh observed in 2001 and 2004. population differentiation ... | 2005 | 16313647 |
| degradability of dissolved soil organic carbon and nitrogen in relation to tree species. | the degradability and chemical characteristics of water-extractable dissolved organic carbon (doc) and nitrogen (don) from the humus layer of silver birch (betula pendula roth), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands were compared in short-term incubation of soil solutions. for all extracts the degradation of doc and don was low (12-17% loss) and increased in the order: birch, spruce and pine. in the humus layer under pine a relatively larger pool of ... | 2005 | 16329927 |
| acclimation to ozone affects host/pathogen interaction and competitiveness for nitrogen in juvenile fagus sylvatica and picea abies trees infected with phytophthora citricola. | in a two-year phytotron study, juvenile trees of european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) were grown in mixture under ambient and twice ambient ozone (o3) and infected with the root pathogen phytophthora citricola. we investigated the influence of o3 on the trees' susceptibility to the root pathogen and assessed, through a 15n-labelling experiment, the impact of both treatments (o3 exposure and infection) on belowground competitiveness. the hypotheses tested were that: (1 ... | 2005 | 16388467 |
| microbial community structure and density under different tree species in an acid forest soil (morvan, france). | overexploitation of forests to increase wood production has led to the replacement of native forest by large areas of monospecific tree plantations. in the present study, the effects of different monospecific tree cover plantations on density and composition of the indigenous soil microbial community are described. the experimental site of "breuil-chenue" in the morvan (france) was the site of a comparison of a similar mineral soil under norway spruce (picea abies), douglas fir (pseudotuga menzi ... | 2005 | 16333717 |
| new, rare or remarkable microfungi in the italian alps (carnic alps)--part ii--other microfungi. | in addition to the collection of ascomycotina in the carnic alps (see new, rare or remarkable microfungi in the italian alps (carnic alps) part i ) we were able to treasure about 300 species of parasitic and saprophytic microfungi. among them basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and deuteromycets like bostrichonema polygoni (unger) schrot. on polygonum viviparum l., chrysomyxa rhododendri de by on picea abies (l.) karsten, coleosporium tussilaginis (pers.) berk. i=c. cacaliae otth.] on adenostyles glabra ... | 2004 | 15756827 |
| forest soil respiration rate and delta13c is regulated by recent above ground weather conditions. | soil respiration, a key component of the global carbon cycle, is a major source of uncertainty when estimating terrestrial carbon budgets at ecosystem and higher levels. rates of soil and root respiration are assumed to be dependent on soil temperature and soil moisture yet these factors often barely explain half the seasonal variation in soil respiration. we here found that soil moisture (range 16.5-27.6% of dry weight) and soil temperature (range 8-17.5 degrees c) together explained 55% of the ... | 2004 | 15578226 |
| bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai applied to spruce flowers reduced dioryctria abietella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) infestation without affecting seed quality. | we investigated the effects of bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai (bt) on infestation levels of two lepidopteran insects as well as on seed quality in norway spruce, picea abies l. (karst.) in central sweden. spruce flowers (female strobili) were sprayed with a 0.2% suspension (wt:wt) of the bt preparation turex 50 wp, 25,000 iu/mg in water. to expose even those lepidopteran larvae that feed exclusively embedded within the cone tissue, the bt treatment was applied to open flowers, ... | 2004 | 15666734 |
| [position of betula ermanii population ecotone in changbai mountains]. | the vegetation on the northern slope of changbai mountains forms a vertical zone due to the vertical differentiation of moisture and heat conditions. ecotones are obviously existed between different vegetation zones, but it is difficult to decide their positions. in the area from 1400 m to 2200 m elevation, we adopted the methods of gradient sampling, fractal analysis, population pattern analysis, and interspecific competition index analysis to describe betula ermanii population ecotone. the res ... | 2004 | 15825429 |
| similarities and effectiveness of test environments in selecting and deploying desirable genotypes. | rooted cuttings of 40 different clones (genotypes) of picea abies (l.) karst were planted in seven test environments (p, h, l, s, b, m and k) in northern germany. type-b genetic correlations between the pairs of test sites were estimated, and a cluster diagram based on inter-site genetic correlations for height was used to illustrate the general pattern of similarities among the test sites. principal component analysis (pca) showed that the first three principal components explained 97% of the v ... | 2004 | 15672260 |
| the rapid yellowing of spruce at a mountain site in the central black forest (germany). combined effects of mg deficiency and ozone on biochemical, physiological and structural properties of the chloroplasts. | biochemical, physiological and ultrastructural changes of the chloroplasts were examined in the course of the rapid yellowing process of spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) at a mg-deficient and ozone polluted mountain site (schöllkopf mountain, central black forest, germany, 840 m a.s.l.). while at an early stage of yellowing the chlorophyll (chl) content of the needles decreased slowly, significant changes occurred in the chloroplasts: the lability of the light-harvesting chl a/b protein complex ... | 2004 | 15128030 |
| leaching of dissolved organic carbon and carbon dioxide emission after compost application to six nutrient-depleted forest soils. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of compost application on soil respiration and dissolved organic carbon (doc) output of nutrient-depleted forest soils. an amount of 6.3 kg m(-2) mature compost was applied to the forest floor of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies karst.), and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands at soiling and unterlüss, germany. cumulative soil respiration significantly increased by 499 g c m(-2) in the spruce stand at unterlü ... | 2004 | 14964362 |
| dendroremediation of trinitrotoluene (tnt). part 1: literature overview and research concept. | for decades, very large areas of former military sites have been contaminated diffusely with the persistent nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). the recalcitrance of the environmental hazard tnt is to a great extent due to its particulate soil existence, which leads to slow but continuous leaching processes. although improper handling during the manufacture of tnt seems to be a problem of the past in developed countries, environmental deposition of tnt and other explosives is sti ... | 2004 | 15341318 |
| a full saturated linkage map of picea abies including aflp, ssr, estp, 5s rdna and morphological markers. | based on an f(1) progeny of 73 individuals, two parental maps were constructed according to the double pseudo-test cross strategy. the paternal map contained 16 linkage groups for a total genetic length of 1,792 cm. the maternal map covered 1,920 cm, and consisted of 12 linkage groups. these parental maps were then integrated using 66 intercross markers. the resulting consensus map covered 2,035 cm and included 755 markers (661 aflps, 74 ssrs, 18 estps, the 5s rdna and the early cone formation t ... | 2004 | 14991106 |
| mono and diterpene production in escherichia coli. | mono- and diterpenoids are of great industrial and medical value as specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. production of these compounds in microbial hosts, such as escherichia coli, can be limited by intracellular levels of the polyprenyl diphosphate precursors, geranyl diphosphate (gpp), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp). to alleviate this limitation, we constructed synthetic operons that express three key enzymes for biosynthesis of these precursors: (1). dxs,1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosph ... | 2004 | 15236249 |
| the dibenzodioxocin lignin substructure is abundant in the inner part of the secondary wall in norway spruce and silver birch xylem. | a specific condensed lignin substructure, dibenzodioxocin, was immunolocalized in differentiating cell walls of norway spruce ( picea abies (l.) h. karsten) and silver birch ( betula pendula roth) xylem. a fluorescent probe, alexa 488 was used as a marker on the dibenzodioxocin-specific secondary antibody. for the detection of this lignin substructure, 25-microm cross-sections of xylem were viewed with a confocal laser-scanning microscope with fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence filters. in ... | 2004 | 13680231 |
| chemopreventive effects of hydroxymatairesinol on uterine carcinogenesis in donryu rats. | hydroxymatairesinol (hmr), obtained from the heartwood of spruce (picea abies), has been demonstrated to exert chemo-preventive effects on the development of mammary tumors in rats. to examine the influence of hmr on uterine carcinogenesis, adult donryu rats were initiated with a single intrauterine treatment of n-ethyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (enng) at 11 weeks of age and fed thereafter 0, 200, or 600 ppm hmr mixed in the soy-containing diet until 15 months of age. incidences of uterine ade ... | 2004 | 15096654 |
| the timing of bud burst and its effect on tree growth. | a phenology model for estimating the timings of bud burst--one of the most influential phenological phases for the simulation of tree growth--is presented in this study. the model calculates the timings of the leafing of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) and the may shoot of norway spruce (picea abies l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on the basis of the daily maximum temperature. the data for parameterisation and validation of the model have been taken from 40 climate ... | 2004 | 14564495 |
| forest health status in the carpathian mountains over the period 1997-2001. | the results of forest health status assessments in the carpathian mountains from the monitoring networks developed by the european union scheme on the protection of forest against atmospheric pollution (eu scheme) and international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (icp-forests), have led to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other stressors on forests at the regional scale. during the period 1997-2001, forests in the c ... | 2004 | 15046844 |
| induced responses to pathogen infection in norway spruce phloem: changes in polyphenolic parenchyma cells, chalcone synthase transcript levels and peroxidase activity. | polyphenolic parenchyma cells (pp cells) in norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) stem phloem play important roles in constitutive and inducible defenses. to determine whether anatomical and molecular changes in pp cells are correlated with tree resistance, we infected two norway spruce clones with the pathogenic fungus ceratocystis polonica (siem.) c. moreau. the fungus induced significantly different lesion lengths in the two clones, indicating that one clone was more resistant to the fungus ... | 2004 | 14996655 |
| gibberellin inhibitors improve embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers. | somatic embryogenesis (se), the most promising technology to multiply high-value coniferous trees from advanced breeding and genetic engineering programs, is expected to play an important role in increasing productivity, sustainability, and uniformity of future forests in the united states. for commercial use, se technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. initiation in loblolly pine (lp; pinus taeda l.), our main focus species, is often recalcitrant for desirable genotypes ... | 2004 | 15688237 |
| effect of chalara longipes on decomposition of humic acids from picea abies needle litter. | the effect of the saprotrophic ascomycete chalara longipes on the decomposition of humic acids was determined in a cultivation experiment. the fungus was incubated in liquid cultures in a full-strength (f system) and an organic nitrogen-free medium (f-n system), both amended with pure humic acids isolated from spruce forest litter. fungal biomass production was highest in the f system with humic acids and lowest in the f-n system, the effect of organic nitrogen and humic acids being significant ... | 2004 | 15702548 |
| tree rings as pb pollution archives? a comparison of 206pb/207pb isotope ratios in pine and other environmental media. | tree rings, if validated as an environmental archive for pollution, would provide a convenient, geographically widespread archive for studying the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants. we collected tree-ring records from scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), ranging in age from 100 to 300 years and from one spruce (picea abies), from sites in southern and northern sweden and analyzed their stable lead isotopic composition (206pb/207pb). these results are compared to the pb iso ... | 2004 | 14967509 |
| boron retranslocation in scots pine and norway spruce. | we previously traced 10b-enriched boric acid from shoots to roots to demonstrate the translocation of boron (b) in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings. to gain a more detailed understanding of b translocation, we sought: (1) to demonstrate b retranslocation directly, by showing that foliar-applied 10b is located in the new growth after dormancy; and (2) to assess whether shoot-applied b affects growth in the long term. we applied 10b-enriched bo ... | 2004 | 15234898 |
| avoidance of nonhost plants by a bark beetle, pityogenes bidentatus, in a forest of odors. | the bark beetle, pityogenes bidentatus (coleoptera: scolytidae), searches in mixed conifer and deciduous forests of northern europe for suitable branches of its host, scots pine ( pinus sylvestris). we tested whether odors from several diverse nonhost trees and plants common in the habitat (e.g., mountain ash, sorbus aucuparia; oak, quercus robur; alder buckthorn, frangula alnus; blueberry, vaccinium myrtillus; raspberry, rubus idaeus; and grass, deschampsia flexuosa) would reduce the attraction ... | 2004 | 15146267 |
| evidence for subdivision of the root-endophyte phialocephala fortinii into cryptic species and recombination within species. | the genetic structure of the root-endophyte phialocephala fortinii was analyzed in three study sites using 11 single-copy rflp probes. a total of 541 strains isolated from surface-sterilized, fine roots (diameter 0.5-3 mm) of norway spruce (picea abies) were examined. the average gene diversity (h) was high in all three study sites. cluster analysis showed that up to four well-separated clusters of multi-locus haplotypes were present within the sites. significant population subdivision was detec ... | 2004 | 15275663 |
| variation in transcript abundance during somatic embryogenesis in gymnosperms. | somatic embryogenesis of norway spruce (picea abies l.) is a versatile model system to study molecular mechanisms regulating embryo development because it proceeds through defined developmental stages corresponding to specific culture treatments. normal embryonic development involves early differentiation of proembryogenic masses (pems) into somatic embryos, followed by early and late embryogeny leading to the formation of mature cotyledonary embryos. in some cell lines there is a developmental ... | 2004 | 15294754 |
| biogeochemistry of organotin compounds and tin in a forested catchment in germany. | organotin compounds (otc) are highly toxic pollutants that have been shown to affect many aquatic ecosystems. little is known about the input and fate of otc in terrestrial ecosystems. here, soil pools, concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall, fog, litterfall and runoff of otc and sntotal were investigated in a forested ecosystem (picea abies, karst.) in ne bavaria, germany. the concentrations of otc and sntotal were generally in the order fog>throughfall>bulk precipitation. ... | 2004 | 15336905 |
| competition modifies effects of enhanced ozone/carbon dioxide concentrations on carbohydrate and biomass accumulation in juvenile norway spruce and european beech. | elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide ([co2]) and ozone ([o3]) affect primary metabolism of trees in opposite ways. we studied their potential interactions on carbohydrate concentrations and contents. two hypotheses currently under debate were tested. (1) stimulation of primary metabolism by prolonged exposure to elevated [co2] does not compensate for the adverse effects of o3 on carbohydrate accumulation and biomass partitioning to the root. (2) growth in a mixed-species planting will repre ... | 2004 | 15234902 |
| the influence of o3, no2 and so2 on growth of picea abies and fagus sylvatica in the carpathian mountains. | at 17 long-term pollution monitoring sites throughout the carpathian mountains, tree growth patterns and variation in growth rate were examined to determine relationship of tree growth to specific pollutants. canopy dominant picea abies and fagus sylvatica were selected at each site. basal area increment (bai) values were calculated from raw ring widths and used as an estimate of tree growth. across all sites, bai chronologies were highly variable, therefore local conditions and forest structure ... | 2004 | 15046841 |
| effects of soil type, irrigation volume and plant species on treatment of log yard run-off in lysimeters. | wet storage of timber and pulpwood produces large quantities of run-off water. a study was conducted to determine the purification efficiency of soil-plant systems for log yard run-off. sixteen 1200-l lysimeters (1.2 m deep soil columns) with clay or sand soil were planted with willow (salix sp.) or alder (alnus glutinosa), and irrigated with run-off from a norway spruce (picea abies) log yard. drainage water was analysed for total organic carbon (toc), phenols, total p and total n in order to d ... | 2004 | 15325190 |
| vegetation of the selected forest stands and land use in the carpathian mountains. | within the framework of the project "effects of forest health on biodiversity with emphasis on air pollution in the carpathian mountains" 26 permanent study sites were established in the vicinity of the ozone monitoring sites. the study sites were located on the nw-se transect through the western (12 sites), eastern (11 sites) and southern (3 sites) carpathians in forest ecosystems typical of each area. some of the forest monitoring sites were located in national parks, biosphere reserves and ar ... | 2004 | 15046837 |
| chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the carpathian mountains. | concentrations of al, b, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, n, na, p, s and zn in the foliage of white fir (abies alba), norway spruce (picea abies) and common beech (fagus sylvatica) from 25 sites of the carpathian mts. forests (czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine) are discussed in a context of their limit values. s/n ratio was different from optimum in 90% of localities when compared with the european limit values. likewise we found increase of fe and cu concentrations compared with thei ... | 2004 | 15046839 |
| ophiostoma kryptum sp. nov. from larix decidua and picea abies in europe, similar to o. minus. | an unknown species of ophiostoma was isolated from european larch (larix decidua) infested by tetropium gabrieli (coleoptera: cerambycidae) and norway spruce (picea abies) infested by tetropium sp. in austria. the fungus is similar to o. minus, but distinguished from it by the ecology, colony morphologies on oa and mea, and phylogenetic analysis of aligned dna sequences of the its region of the rdna operon and the partial beta-tubulin gene. it is described here as o. kryptum sp. nov. the new spe ... | 2003 | 14635771 |
| colonisation of spruce roots by two interacting ectomycorrhizal fungi in wood ash amended substrates. | interactions between two ectomycorrhizal fungal species, piloderma croceum erikss. and hjortst. and piloderma sp. 1 (found to colonise spruce roots and wood ash granules in the field), were investigated in wood ash amended substrates. the comparative ability of these fungi to colonise roots of non-mycorrhizal spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings was studied in relation to factorial combinations of wood ash and n fertilisation. non-mycorrhizal spruce seedlings (bait seedlings) were planted ... | 2003 | 12694914 |
| crown condition surveys in italian forests: issues in reporting findings. | this study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the italian level i network between 1997 and 2000. prior to this period no quality assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. the aim of the study is to compare different indices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. in international surveys, findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees pres ... | 2003 | 12841687 |
| brassinolide improves embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers and rice. | somatic embryogenesis (se), the most promising technology for the large-scale production of high-value coniferous trees from advanced breeding and genetic engineering programs, is expected to play an important role in increasing productivity, sustainability, and the uniformity of future u.s. forests. to be successful for commercial use, se technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. initiation in loblolly pine ( pinus taeda l.), our main focus species, is often recalcitrant ... | 2003 | 12879262 |
| seasonal changes in stem radius and production of new tracheids in norway spruce. | the progress of xylem formation in norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) was measured during one growing season in southern finland. stem radius was monitored continuously with band dendrometers, and the formation of new tracheids was determined by examination of small increment cores taken twice weekly. tracheid production started in june and ceased in august. xylem formation was fastest in early july, when 0.75-1.25 new tracheids were formed per day. the rate of xylem formation was significa ... | 2003 | 12952782 |
| survival and development of lymantria monacha (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) on north american and introduced eurasian tree species. | lymantria monacha (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), the nun moth, is a eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into north america. to project the potential host range of this insect if introduced into north america, survival and development of l. monacha on 26 north american and eight introduced eurasian tree species were examined. seven conifer species (abies concolor, picea abies, p. glauca, p. pungens, pinus sylvestris with male cones, p. menziesii variety gla ... | 2003 | 12650343 |
| contrasting effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on rubisco activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, needle ultrastructure and secondary metabolites in conifer seedlings. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were grown for 50 days in growth chambers in an ambient or twice ambient carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) at a day/night temperature of 19/12 degrees c or 23/16 degrees c. although elevated [co2] (ec) had only slight effects on the growth parameters measured, elevated temperature (et) increased above ground dry mass of both species. among treatments, biomass accumulation of both species was greatest in the ... | 2003 | 12533304 |
| intra- and inter-provenance variability in phloem phenols of picea abies and relationship to a bark beetle-associated fungus. | one hundred norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) clones (three ramets per clone) were analyzed for phloem phenol composition and concentration before and 10 days after wound inoculation with sterile malt agar. fifty clones (experiment 1) belonged to the same provenance, whereas the remaining clones (experiment 2) belonged to five provenances from three geographic areas. in experiment 2, two additional ramets from the same clones were mass inoculated with ceratocystis polonica (siem.) c. morea ... | 2003 | 12566260 |
| inducible anatomical defense responses in norway spruce stems and their possible role in induced resistance. | norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees were preinoculated with a sublethal dose of the blue-stain fungus ceratocystis polonica siem. (c. moreau) 1 to 52 weeks before they were mass inoculated with the same fungus. trees pretreated 1 week before mass inoculation had similar, severe symptoms of fungal infection as the control trees. pretreatment 3, 6 or 9 weeks before mass inoculation resulted in effective protection of the trees, reducing pathogenic symptoms by 63-90% relative to the contr ... | 2003 | 12566269 |
| winter at the alpine timberline. why does embolism occur in norway spruce but not in stone pine? | conifers growing at the alpine timberline are exposed to frost drought and freeze-thaw cycles during winter-stress factors known to induce embolism in tree xylem. the two dominant species of the european central alps timberline were studied: norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst) and stone pine (pinus cembra), which usually reaches higher altitudes. we hypothesized to find embolism only at the timberline and to observe less embolism in stone pine than in norway spruce due to avoidance mechanisms ... | 2003 | 12586902 |
| developmental lignification and seasonal variation in beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities in xylem of scots pine, norway spruce and silver birch. | we examined the relationship between beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities and xylem lignification in the stems of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth) during the 1999 growing season. examination of stem cross sections stained with safranin and alcian blue for lignin and cellulose, respectively, indicated that radial growth of pine and spruce xylem began in late may, whereas the growth of birch xylem was initiated 2 ... | 2003 | 12952784 |
| drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in scots pine and norway spruce seedlings. | drought is known to have an impact on the resistance of conifers to various pests, for example, by affecting resin flow in trees. little is known, however, about the quantitative and qualitative changes in resin when trees are growing in low moisture conditions. we exposed scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings to medium and severe drought stress for two growing seasons and analyzed the monoterpenes and resin acids in the main stem wood after two y ... | 2003 | 14584671 |
| repeated freeze-thaw cycles induce embolism in drought stressed conifers (norway spruce, stone pine). | freezing and thawing lead to xylem embolism when gas bubbles caused by ice formation expand during the thaw process. however, previous experimental studies indicated that conifers are resistant to freezing-induced embolism, unless xylem pressure becomes very negative during the freezing. in this study, we show that conifers experienced freezing-induced embolism when exposed to repeated freeze-thaw cycles and simultaneously to drought. simulating conditions at the alpine timberline (128 days with ... | 2003 | 14520570 |
| quantifying ozone uptake at the canopy level of spruce, pine and larch trees at the alpine timberline: an approach based on sap flow measurement. | micro-climatic and ambient ozone data were combined with measurements of sap flow through tree trunks in order to estimate whole-tree ozone uptake of adult norway spruce (picea abies), cembran pine (pinus cembra), and european larch (larix decidua) trees. sap flow was monitored by means of the heat balance approach in two trees of each species during the growing season of 1998. in trees making up the stand canopy, the ozone uptake by evergreen foliages was significantly higher than by deciduous ... | 2003 | 12860097 |
| detecting differences in crown transparency assessments between countries using the image analysis system croco. | estimates of crown transparency calculated using the semi-automatic image analysis system croco were compared with the visual estimates of survey teams from 12 european countries. for each of five european species (norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), beech (fagus sylvatica l.), oak (quercus robur l.)) 15 trees were assessed. in 64% of the comparisons, croco estimates and the survey teams' scores differed significantly, while d ... | 2003 | 14632089 |
| conifer needles as passive biomonitors of the spatial and temporal distribution of ddt from a point source. | needles of two conifer species, picea abies and pinus nigra, were used as passive samplers for monitoring air contamination by sampling at increasing distances from a suspected point source of ddt. needle concentrations declined with increasing distance downwind of the point source allowing to identify spatial and temporal trends of accumulation. this suggested that conifer needles are effective biomonitors of contamination levels in areas characterized by the presence of semi-volatile substance ... | 2003 | 12757779 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry and psd fragmentation as means for the analysis of condensed tannins in plant leaves and needles. | maldi-tof mass spectrometry and 13c nmr spectroscopy were applied to unveil typical characteristics of condensed tannins of leaves and needles from willow (salix alba), spruce (picea abies) and beech (fagus sylvatica) of three tree species that are ubiquitous in german forests and landscapes. for further evaluation, lime (tilia cordata) was included. the 13c nmr spectroscopy confirmed the purity of the condensed tannin fractions and the efficiency of the procedure used for their extraction. whil ... | 2003 | 12591272 |
| traumatic resin defense in norway spruce (picea abies): methyl jasmonate-induced terpene synthase gene expression, and cdna cloning and functional characterization of (+)-3-carene synthase. | picea abies (l.) karst. (norway spruce) employs constitutive and induced resin terpenoids as major chemical and physical defense-shields against insects and pathogens. in recent work, we showed that a suite of terpenoids, monoterpenoids and diterpenoids was induced in stems of norway spruce after treatment of trees with methyl jasmonate (meja) (martin et al., 2002). increase of enzyme activities of terpenoid biosynthesis and accumulation of terpenoids was associated with meja-induced de novo dif ... | 2003 | 12602896 |
| acidification-induced chemical changes in coniferous forest soils in southern sweden 1988-1999. | thirty-two norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.] and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands in southern sweden were studied for a period of 12 years to evaluate acidification-induced chemical changes in the soil. soil, at 20-30 cm depth in the mineral layer, was sampled three times during this period (1988, 1993 and 1999). the results show that ph(bacl2) in mineral soil decreased by, on average, 0.17 units between 1988 and 1999, accompanied by an increase in aluminium (al) concentration and a ... | 2003 | 12663207 |
| effects of deicing salt on the vitality and health of two spruce species, picea abies karst., and picea glehnii masters planted along roadsides in northern japan. | in northern japan, the growth of picea abies karst., and picea glehnii masters, which have been planted along the highways, is often suppressed due to several environmental stresses. to examine the adverse effects of deicing salt, the primary source of stress,we measured needle life span, photosynthetic capacity, and water potential and transpiration rate of the two spruce species at a site with damaged trees, near the roadside and a site with healthy trees, located far from the highway. results ... | 2003 | 12683989 |
| nucleotide diversity at two phytochrome loci along a latitudinal cline in pinus sylvestris. | forest tree species provide many examples of well-studied adaptive differentiation, where the search for the underlying genes might be possible. in earlier studies and in our common conditions in a greenhouse, northern populations set bud earlier than southern ones. a difference in latitude of origin of one degree corresponded to a change of 1.4 days in number of days to terminal bud set of seedlings. earlier physiological and ecological genetics work in conifers and other plants have suggested ... | 2003 | 12694283 |
| primary resource capture in two sympatric armillaria species in managed norway spruce forests. | the ability of the preferentially saprotrophic fungus armillaria cepistipes and the pathogenic a. ostoyae to capture fresh stump resources was investigated in managed alpine norway spruce (picea abies) forests where both species occur sympatrically. the incidence of armillaria species and genets as rhizomorphs in the soil as well as external and internal (heart rot) stump colonisation were determined in three comparable 1 ha plots. the results indicate that a. cepistipes and a. ostoyae have a ve ... | 2003 | 12825502 |
| genetic transformation of conifers and its application in forest biotechnology. | genetic modification of conifers through gene transfer technology is now an important field in forest biotechnology. two basic methodologies, particle bombardment and agrobacterium-mediated transformation, have been used on conifers. the use of particle bombardment has produced stable transgenic plants in picea abies, p. glauca, p. mariana, and pinus radiata. transgenic plants have been produced from larix decidua, picea abies, p. glauca, p. mariana, pinus strobus, p. taeda, and p. radiata via a ... | 2003 | 12827443 |
| comparative effects of auxin transport inhibitors on rhizogenesis and mycorrhizal establishment of spruce seedlings inoculated with laccaria bicolor. | we compared the effects of two auxin transport inhibitors (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba) and 1-n-naphthylphthalamic acid (npa)) on rhizogenesis and mycorrhizal establishment of picea abies l. (karst.) seedlings inoculated with laccaria bicolor s238n (maire) orton. inoculation of seedlings with l. bicolor under in vitro conditions strongly increased host root and shoot growth. although tiba had no effect on taproot growth, npa decreased taproot growth and deformed the root apex into a globular ... | 2003 | 12839732 |
| the putative gymnosperm plant defensin polypeptide (spi1) accumulates after seed germination, is not readily released, and the spi1 levels are reduced in pythium dimorphum-infected spruce roots. | the putative plant defensin spi1 cdna from the conifer norway spruce (picea abies) is the only known plant defensin-like sequence from a gymnosperm. the predicted translational product spi1 was not detected in the embryo or other parts of the seed by means of antibodies, but it accumulated in the root cortex after germination. in roots of seedlings infected with the root pathogenic oomycete pythium dimorphum and the blue stain fungus ceratocystis polonica, variable levels of spi1 was detected du ... | 2003 | 12856937 |
| juvenile nitrogen uptake capacities and root architecture of two open-pollinated families of picea abies. effects of nitrogen source and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. | this study was carried out to find early physiological differences occurring in young seedlings between two contrasting picea abies open-pollinated families (opf), one with high- and one with low-growth performance in the field by, determining their n uptake capacities and their root architecture. we used three potential n-sources in forest soil solution, no3-, nh4+ and amino acids, to establish n uptake rates by the plants, whether or not associated with a fungus isolated from the field and ide ... | 2003 | 14610890 |
| albatrellus citrinus sp. nov., connected to picea abies on lime rich soils. | field observations indicated that a morphotype of albatrellus subrubescens seemed connected to picea abies and lime rich soils, while the original morphotype seemed connected with pinus sylvestris and indifferent to lime. we conducted a molecular study (its sequencing of 22 albatrellus specimens) to test the hypothesis that we in fact had discovered a new species. our results confirmed the hypothesis, i.e. the picea taxon (604 bp its) had little intraspecific variation in spite of 1600 km distan ... | 2003 | 14635772 |
| the dal10 gene from norway spruce (picea abies) belongs to a potentially gymnosperm-specific subclass of mads-box genes and is specifically active in seed cones and pollen cones. | transcription factors encoded by different members of the mads-box gene family have evolved central roles in the regulation of reproductive organ development in the flowering plants, the angiosperms. development of the stamens and carpels, the pollen- and seed-bearing organs, involves the b- and c-organ-identity mads-box genes. b- and c-type gene orthologs with activities specifically in developing pollen- and seed-bearing organs are also present in the distantly related gymnosperms: the conifer ... | 2003 | 14984037 |
| taxonomic re-evaluation of three related species of graphium, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. | two fungi associated with bark beetles, graphium pseudormiticum (described in 1994) and rhexographium fimbriisporum (described in 1995), have two micromorphological characters in common. both species produce conidia with conspicuous basal frills, and the conidia align in chains, despite being produced in slime. the association of g. pseudormiticum with the pine bark beetle, orthotomicus erosus, and the association of r. fimbriisporum with the spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, suggest ecologic ... | 2003 | 21148980 |
| heterologous array analysis in pinaceae: hybridization of pinus taeda cdna arrays with cdna from needles and embryogenic cultures of p. taeda, p. sylvestris or picea abies. | hybridization of labelled cdna from various cell types with high-density arrays of expressed sequence tags is a powerful technique for investigating gene expression. few conifer cdna libraries have been sequenced. because of the high level of sequence conservation between pinus and picea we have investigated the use of arrays from one genus for studies of gene expression in the other. the partial cdnas from 384 identifiable genes expressed in differentiating xylem of pinus taeda were printed on ... | 2002 | 18629264 |
| stomatal conductance alone does not explain the decline in foliar photosynthetic rates with increasing tree age and size in picea abies and pinus sylvestris. | foliar light-saturated net assimilation rates (a) generally decrease with increasing tree height (h) and tree age (y), but it is unclear whether the decline in a is attributable to size- and age-related modifications in foliage morphology (needle dry mass per unit projected area; m(a)), nitrogen concentration, stomatal conductance to water vapor (g), or biochemical foliage potentials for photosynthesis (maximum carboxylase activity of rubisco; v(cmax)). i studied the influences of h and y on fol ... | 2002 | 12045025 |
| nitrate reductase activity in some subarctic species and uv influence in the foliage of betula pendula roth. seedlings. | nitrate reductase (nr) activity was studied in the foliage of five subarctic species: mature trees of european white birch (betula pubescens erch. s.s.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst), ericaceous shrub bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), naturally growing in a forest, and seed-grown silver birch (betula pendula roth.) seedlings in an ultraviolet (uv) exclusion field experiment at the pallas-ounastunturi national park in finnish lapland (68 degrees n). mean ... | 2002 | 11846159 |
| identification of a hydrophobin gene that is developmentally regulated in the ectomycorrhizal fungus tricholoma terreum. | the symbiosis between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees is an essential part of forest ecology and depends entirely on the communication between the two partners for establishing and maintaining the relationship. the identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes is a step to identifying such signals and to understanding the regulation of this process. we determined the role of hydrophobins produced by tricholoma terreum in mycorrhiza formation and hyphal development. a hydr ... | 2002 | 11872494 |
| requirement for far-red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of pinus sylvestris (scots pine). | extension growth of secondary needles is under photoperiodic control in pinus sylvestris. to test for the effects of far-red light on maintaining this extension growth, seedlings of six populations originating from latitudes between 57 degrees and 67 degrees n were raised for 11 weeks in continuous incandescent (metal halogen) light at 300 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1 and 20 degrees c and then transferred at the same temperature to a daily regime of 8 h incandescent light (230 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1) followed by ... | 2002 | 11903967 |
| minimum cuticular conductance and cuticle features of picea abies and pinus cembra needles along an altitudinal gradient in the dolomites (ne italian alps). | winter desiccation is believed to contribute to stress in coniferous trees growing at the treeline because cuticular conductance increases with altitude. to test whether winter desiccation occurs in high-altitude conifers of the dolomites (ne italian alps), we measured minimum cuticular conductance (g(min)), needle wettability (contact angle) and cuticle thickness in picea abies (l.) karst. and pinus cembra l. needles from december to august. samples were collected from adult trees along an alti ... | 2002 | 11986051 |
| effects of phloem girdling in conifers on apical control of branches, growth allocation and air in wood. | we investigated effects of stem phloem girdles on apical control of branch angle, stem and branch growth and stem air content in six conifer species. a stem girdle 2 cm above a branch caused the branch to bend upward in all six species. upward bending was associated with increased formation and action of compression wood (cw) in the lower portion of the branch. compression wood also formed in the main stem below the branch, suggesting increased auxin production in the branch. a stem girdle 2 cm ... | 2002 | 11960759 |
| biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by root exudates. | in order to study the biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by agrarian (zea mays: cultivars mytos and samantha) and forest (picea abies karst. and pinus sylvestris l.) root exudates, two different soils, an eutric cambisol (ec) and a rendzic leptosol (rl), were considered. soil organic matter extracts were obtained by treating the soils with water (control) or plant root exudates. the extracts were characterized by hormone-like activities and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometri ... | 2002 | 11999770 |
| endogenous nod-factor-like signal molecules promote early somatic embryo development in norway spruce. | embryogenic cultures of norway spruce (picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (pems) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. auxin is important for pem formation and proliferation. in this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks pem development and causes large-scale cell death. extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of pem aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows tha ... | 2002 | 11842156 |
| altered lignin structure and resistance to pathogens in spi 2-expressing tobacco plants. | the physiological role of the norway spruce [ picea abies (l.) karst.] spi 2 gene, encoding a defense-related cationic peroxidase was examined in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). expression of spi 2, under control of the 35s promoter, in tobacco plants resulted in higher total peroxidase activities. the phenotype of the spi 2-transformed lines was normal. the spi 2-transformed lines displayed lignin levels similar to levels in the control line, but with some alteration in lignin histoc ... | 2002 | 11882939 |
| methyl jasmonate induces traumatic resin ducts, terpenoid resin biosynthesis, and terpenoid accumulation in developing xylem of norway spruce stems. | norway spruce (picea abies l. karst) produces an oleoresin characterized by a diverse array of terpenoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and diterpene resin acids that can protect conifers against potential herbivores and pathogens. oleoresin accumulates constitutively in resin ducts in the cortex and phloem (bark) of norway spruce stems. de novo formation of traumatic resin ducts (tds) is observed in the developing secondary xylem (wood) after insect attack, fungal elicitation, and mechanic ... | 2002 | 12114556 |
| a promoter from the loblolly pine ptnip1;1 gene directs expression in an early-embryogenesis and suspensor-specific fashion. | the ptnip1;1 gene encodes an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed early in embryogenesis and appears to be expressed preferentially in the suspensor [v.t. ciavatta et al. (2001) plant physiol 127:211-224]. an 899-bp fragment 5' to the ptnip1;1 open reading frame (nip(-899)) was cloned from loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) genomic dna and fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. the resulting plasmid, pnip-gus, was transformed into norway spruce (picea abies l.) embryogenic cultures by co ... | 2002 | 12172854 |
| trinucleotide microsatellites in norway spruce ( picea abies): their features and the development of molecular markers. | trinucleotide microsatellites have proven to be the markers of choice in human genetic analysis because they are easier to genotype than dinucleotides. their development can be more time-consuming due to their lower abundance in the genome. we isolated trinucleotide microsatellites in norway spruce ( picea abies k.) using an enrichment procedure for the genomic-library construction. here we report on the characterisation of 85 atc microsatellite-containing clones, from which 39 markers were deve ... | 2002 | 12582869 |
| comparison of different methods for lignin determination as a basis for calibration of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and implications of lignoproteins. | three commonly employed methods for lignin determination, i.e., the thioglycolic acid (tga), the acetylbromide (ab), and the acid detergent fiber (adf) method, were compared using leaves and xylem tissue from five species (nicotiana tabacum, populus x canescens, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, and picea abies). in each case, cell walls were isolated before lignin determination. each of the three methods estimated a different lignin concentration in a given tissue, except for spruce wood. the "li ... | 2002 | 12564795 |
| age-related effects on leaf area/sapwood area relationships, canopy transpiration and carbon gain of norway spruce stands (picea abies) in the fichtelgebirge, germany. | stand age is an important structural determinant of canopy transpiration (e(c)) and carbon gain. another more functional parameter of forest structure is the leaf area/sapwood area relationship, a(l)/a(s), which changes with site conditions and has been used to estimate leaf area index of forest canopies. the interpretation of age-related changes in a(l)/a(s) and the question of how a(l)/a(s) is related to forest functions are of current interest because they may help to explain forest canopy fl ... | 2002 | 12045028 |