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phenotypic characterization of corynebacterium glutamicum under osmotic stress conditions using elementary mode analysis.corynebacterium glutamicum, a soil bacterium, is used to produce amino acids such as lysine and glutamate. c. glutamicum is often exposed to osmolality changes in its medium, and the bacterium has therefore evolved several adaptive response mechanisms to overcome them. in this study we quantify the metabolic response of c. glutamicum under osmotic stress using elementary mode analysis (ema). further, we obtain the optimal phenotypic space for the synthesis of lysine and formation of biomass. the ...201021132515
diagnosis of intramammary infection in samples yielding negative results or minor pathogens in conventional bacterial culturing.up to half of quarter milk samples submitted for mastitis diagnosis are culture-negative results or lead to identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci or corynebacterium bovis in conventional culturing, the so-called minor pathogens. the interpretation and usefulness of these results in terms of udder and animal health management is limited, even though the amount of resources spent is relatively high. this work aimed to test two methods of analysis of milk samples with the goal of incre ...201021134309
[effect of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene knock-out on metabolism in corynebacterium pekinense pd-67].in order to optimize precursor supply for l-tryptophan biosynthesis, a corynebacterium pekinense pd-67 mutant with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (ppc) in-frame deletion was constructed. the effect of ppc knock-out on physiological characteristics of the mutant was investigated.201021141467
identification of corynebacterium diphtheriae gene involved in adherence to epithelial cells.corynebacterium diphtheriae the causative pathogen of human diphtheria infects the nasopharynx or skin. although diphtheria has been extensively studied, little is known about the two key aspects of c. diphtheriae invasiveness: colonization and invasion. the role of adhesive properties in establishing the infection of c. diphtheriae strains, independent of toxin production, still needs to be clarified. in this study, we describe a novel gene involved in adherence to epithelial cells. transformat ...201021111065
interaction of transcriptional repressor argr with transcriptional regulator farr at the argb promoter region in corynebacterium glutamicum.in corynebacterium glutamicum, the argr protein, a transcriptional repressor, affects the expression level of the argb gene through binding to its promoter region. the argb promoter region (positions -77 to -25) has been found by in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) results and in silico analysis to be important for the dna binding of argr. proline supplementation prevented the dna binding of argr to the argb promoter region and triggered an increase of the argb mrna level. addit ...201021115700
corynebacterium macginleyi` a rare bacteria causing infection in an immunocompromised patient.corynebacterium species are normal flora of skin and mucous membrane. in recent years, coryneforms have emerged as important opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. majority of the corynebacterium macginleyi isolates are from conjunctiva and cornea. the only reported non ocular isolates are from urinary tract infection, intra-venous catheter related infection, valvular endocarditis and septicaemia. we report herein a rare case of c. macginleyi isolated from tracheostomy site secre ...201021119282
isolation, characterization, and use for plant growth promotion under salt stress, of acc deaminase-producing halotolerant bacteria derived from coastal soil.in total, 140 halotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from both the soil of barren fields and the rhizosphere of six naturally growing halophytic plants in the vicinity of the yellow sea, near the city of incheon in the republic of korea. all of these strains were characterized for multiple plant growth promoting traits, such as the production of indole acetic acid (iaa), nitrogen fixation, phosphorus (p) and zinc (zn) solubilization, thiosulfate (s2o3) oxidation, the production of ammonia ...201021124065
differential attraction of malaria mosquitoes to volatile blends produced by human skin bacteria.the malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is mainly guided by human odour components to find its blood host. skin bacteria play an important role in the production of human body odour and when grown in vitro, skin bacteria produce volatiles that are attractive to a. gambiae. the role of single skin bacterial species in the production of volatiles that mediate the host-seeking behaviour of mosquitoes has remained largely unknown and is the subject of the present study. headspace sample ...201021209854
identification of mannose uptake and catabolism genes in corynebacterium glutamicum and genetic engineering for simultaneous utilization of mannose and glucose.here, focus is on corynebacterium glutamicum mannose metabolic genes with the aim to improve this industrially important microorganism's ability to ferment mannose present in mixed sugar substrates. cgr_0857 encodes c. glutamicum's protein with 36% amino acid sequence identity to mannose 6-phosphate isomerase encoded by mana of escherichia coli. its deletion mutant did not grow on mannose and exhibited noticeably reduced growth on glucose as sole carbon sources. in effect, c. glutamicum mana is ...201021125267
adaptation of amtr-controlled gene expression by modulation of amtr binding activity in corynebacterium glutamicum.in corynebacteria, nitrogen regulation is controlled by the tetr family protein amtr, which was extensively studied in the last years. in frame of these studies a number of amtr binding sites were identified and characterized and it became obvious that for distinct genes the number and sequences of these sites varied significantly. in this study, the influence of numbers and alterations of amtr binding sites were addressed by in vivo and in vitro studies. it can be concluded that in general a si ...201020854853
somatic cell counts and bacteriological status in quarter foremilk samples of cows in hesse, germany--a longitudinal study.somatic cell counts (scc) are generally used as an indicator of udder health. currently in germany, 100,000 cells/ml is the threshold differentiating infected and noninfected mammary glands. the aim of our study was the detailed analysis of udder health in a representative part of the dairy cow population in hesse, germany. between 2000 and 2008, 615,187 quarter foremilk samples were analyzed. in addition to evaluation of distribution of scc and prevalence of mastitis pathogens, pathogen prevale ...201021094743
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry as a tool for rapid diagnosis of potentially toxigenic corynebacterium species in the laboratory management of diphtheria-associated bacteria.the rapid identification of the potentially toxigenic corynebacterium species, c. diphtheriae, c. ulcerans and c. pseudotuberculosis is essential for diagnosis and treatment of diphtheria and diphtheria-like diseases. we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldit-of ms) in comparison with classical microbiological and molecular methods on 116 corynebacterium strains. all 90 potentially toxigenic corynebacterium strains collected by the german nation ...201021087580
multiple-genome comparison reveals new loci for mycobacterium species identification.to identify loci useful for species identification and to enhance our understanding of the population structure and genetic variability of the genus mycobacterium, we conducted a multiple-genome comparison of a total of 27 sequenced genomes in the suborder of corynebacterineae (18 from the mycobacterium genus, 7 from the corynebacterium genus, 1 each from the nocardia and rhodococcus genera). our study revealed 26 informative loci for species identification in mycobacterium. the sequences from t ...201021048007
[normal conjunctival flora in healthy infants aged from 1 to 4 months].to investigate the normal conjunctival bacterial flora isolated from healthy infants aged from 1 to 4 months and to analyze its correlated factors.201021055200
corynebacterium nuruki sp. nov., isolated from alcohol fermentation starter.a novel gram-positive, strictly aerobic and non-motile bacterial strain, s6-4(t), was isolated from a korean alcohol fermentation starter. optimal growth occurred at 37 °c, ph 8 and 1 % (w/v) of nacl. positive for oxidase and catalase. the isolate assimilates a various sugars and acids were produced from several carbohydrates. the major cell-wall sugars were galactose and arabinose. the major fatty acids of strain s6-4(t) were c(16:0), c(17:1)ω9c, c(18:1) ω9c and tbsa 10-me-c(18:0) (tuberculoste ...201021075904
translation efficiency of antiterminator proteins is a determinant for the difference in glucose repression of two β-glucoside phosphotransferase system gene clusters in corynebacterium glutamicum r.corynebacterium glutamicum r has two β-glucoside phosphoenolpyruvate, carbohydrate phosphotransferase systems (pts) encoded by bglf and bglf2 located in the respective clusters, bglf-bgla-bglg and bglf2-bgla2-bglg2. previously, we reported that whereas β-glucoside-dependent induction of bglf is strongly repressed by glucose, glucose repression of bglf2 is very weak. here, we reveal the mechanism behind the different effects of glucose on the two bgl genes. deletion of the ribonucleic antitermina ...201021075922
dermoscopy of pitted keratolysis.irritated hyperhidrotic soles with multiple small pits are pathognomonic for pitted keratolysis (pk). here we show the dermatoscopic view of typical pits that can ensure the diagnosis. pk is a plantar infection caused by gram-positive bacteria, particularly corynebacterium. increases in skin surface ph, hyperhidrosis, and prolonged occlusion allow these bacteria to proliferate. the diagnosis is fundamentally clinical and treatment generally consists of a combination of hygienic measures, correct ...201021076687
survival of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis within macrophages and induction of phagocytes death.since c. pseudotuberculosis is a facultative intracellular pathogen the aim of this study was focused on evaluating mechanisms that allowed these bacteria to survive in macrophages and determining their influence on induction of cell death. the influence of corynebacteria on the programmed cell death of macrophages was determined on the basis of induction the autophagy and apoptosis in the cultures of murine macrophage cell lines j774 infected with bacteria. corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis st ...201021077443
potent antimicrobial action of triclosan-lysozyme complex against skin pathogens mediated through drug-targeted delivery mechanism.triclosan (tcs), an antimicrobial agent that inhibits bacterial fatty acid synthesis by blocking the active site of enoyl-acp reductase (fabi), is a water-insoluble agent that limits its therapeutic candidacy. we have recently shown that the water solubility and antimicrobial activity of tcs were greatly enhanced when complexed to lysozyme (lz). this study is to examine the therapeutic potential of triclosan-lysozyme (t-lz) complex against common skin pathogens expressing different levels of fab ...201021078387
the effect of subclinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy goats.the aims of this study were to estimate milk yield (my) losses associated with subclinical intramammary infection (imi) in dairy goats and to assess if somatic cell count (scc) can be used to estimate such my losses. we used 2 data sets to study these questions. the first data set consisted of 5 herds. milk production and scc were recorded during 1 lactation. from approximately 100 does in each herd, milk samples were collected on 3 occasions during lactation for bacteriological culture. linear ...201021094753
a modified culture-based study of bacterial community composition in a tannery wastewater treatment plant.though culture-independent methods have been used in preference to traditional isolation techniques for characterization of microbial community of wastewater treatment plants, it is difficult to widely apply this approach in resource-poor countries. the present study aimed to develop a test to identify the culturable portion of bacterial community in a high-strength wastewater. wastewater samples were collected from nitrification-denitrification and settling tanks of the treatment plant of elmo ...201021099040
effect of biosurfactant and fertilizer on biodegradation of crude oil by marine isolates of bacillus megaterium, corynebacterium kutscheri and pseudomonas aeruginosa.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizers and biosurfactants on biodegradation of crude oil by three marine bacterial isolates; bacillus megaterium, corynebacterium kutscheri and pseudomonas aeruginosa. five sets of experiments were carried out in shake flask and microcosm conditions with crude oil as follows: set 1-only bacterial cells added (no fertilizer and biosurfactant), set 2-with additional fertilizer only, set 3-with additional biosurfactant only, set 4-with add ...201020863694
regulation of the nitrate reductase operon narkghji by the camp-dependent regulator glxr in corynebacterium glutamicum.the corynebacterium glutamicum anaerobic nitrate reductase operon narkghji is repressed by a transcriptional regulator, arnr, under aerobic conditions. a consensus binding site of the camp receptor protein (crp)-type regulator, glxr, was recently found upstream of the arnr binding site in the nark promoter region. here we investigated the involvement of glxr and camp in expression of the narkghji operon in vivo. electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the putative glxr binding motif in ...201020864477
incidence of postoperative eye infections in a private eye hospital in lagos, nigeria.there is a dearth of information on postoperative eye infections in nigeria and most hospitals do not have an infection control program in place.201021033323
[wound infections due to opportunistic corynebacterium species].wound infections are often due to endogenous bacterial flora which penetrates into a site of injury. the establishment of the etiologic agent can be problematic, especially when opportunistic bacteria are present, suggesting contamination of clinical material. among bacteria that can cause such diagnostic problems are opportunistic corynebacterium spp. and coryneforms colonizing skin. the aim of the study was to analyze the 24 clinical samples collected from wounds of different location, with gr ...201020873486
identification and quantification of mycothiol in actinobacteria by a novel enzymatic method.mycothiol (msh) was reported to be the dominant low molecular weight thiol in members of the actinobacteria. in this study, a simple, fast, and sensitive method for qualitative and quantitative determination of msh molecules was developed based on maleylpyruvate isomerase (mpi) from corynebacterium glutamicum. the principle of this method is that the activity of mpi from c. glutamicum was dependent on msh molecules. it was found that this mpi activity displayed a linear response (r (2) = 0.9928) ...201020922372
encrusting cystitis in a cat secondary to corynebacterium urealyticum infection.an 18-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented for investigation of haematuria and lethargy. the cat had sustained a traumatic t3-l3 lesion 5 years prior resulting in upper motor neuron incontinence. on further investigation the cat was found to be hyperkalaemic, hypothermic and dehydrated. ultrasonography of the bladder revealed a markedly hypoechoic, thickened bladder wall with an irregular, hyperechoic mucosal layer. the patient responded to symptomatic and supportive care ...201021041106
native valve endocarditis caused by a non-toxigenic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae. 201021045480
the tetr-type transcriptional regulator fasr of corynebacterium glutamicum controls genes of lipid synthesis during growth on acetate.the addition of fatty acids to either escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis elicits an elaborate cellular response of the lipid metabolism. we found that in corynebacterium glutamicum the expression of accd1 encoding the β-subunit of the essential acetyl-coa carboxylase is repressed in acetate-grown cells without the addition of fatty acids. the tetr-type transcriptional regulator ncgl2404, termed fasr, was identified and deleted. during growth on acetate, but not on glucose, 17 genes are differ ...201020923423
encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: a single-center experience and review of the literature.encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (eps) is a serious and often fatal complication of long-term pd with severe malnutrition and poor prognosis. it causes progressive obstruction and encapsulation of the bowel. this retrospective study reviews our experience and that reviewed in the literature concerning eps. it refers to a total of 1966 patients treated with chronic pd between 1974 and 2008. twenty one of them (1.1%) developed eps, with the incidence increasing with the duration of pd. mean age ...201020924672
labeling elastase digests with tmt: informational gain by identification of poorly detectable peptides with maldi-tof/tof mass spectrometry.the applicability of the less specific protease elastase for the identification of membrane and cytosolic proteins has already been demonstrated. maldi as ionization technique particularly favors the detection of basic and to a lesser extent of weakly acidic peptides, whereas neutral peptides often remain undetected. moreover, peptides below 700  da are routinely excluded. in the following study, the advantage of additional information gained from tandem mass tag zero labeled peptides and the re ...201020925058
ftir-based polyphasic identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional greek graviera cheese.this study used a combination of phenotypic, physical (fourier transformed infra-red [ftir] spectroscopy) and molecular (rflp and sscp analysis of 16s rrna genes) methods to identify the lactic acid bacteria (lab) flora present in traditional greek graviera cheese after five weeks of ripening. a total of 300 isolates collected from high dilution plates of tsaye (incubated at 30 °c), m-17 (22 °c) and m-17 (42 °c) agar media were clustered by ftir and then representative strains of each cluster we ...201021056778
regulation of genes involved in sugar uptake, glycolysis and lactate production in corynebacterium glutamicum.corynebacterium glutamicum is a nonpathogenic, gc-rich, gram-positive bacterium with a long history in the industrial production of amino acids. recently, the species has become of increasing interest as a model bacterium for closely related, medically important pathogenic species such as corynebacterium diphtheriae and mycobacterium tuberculosis. in this article, recent advances in understanding of the c. glutamicum regulatory network of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism are reviewed wi ...201021073308
leads for antitubercular compounds from kinase inhibitor library screens.discovering new drugs to treat tuberculosis more efficiently and to overcome multidrug resistance is a world health priority. to find antimycobacterial scaffolds, we screened a kinase inhibitor library of more than 12,000 compounds using an integrated strategy involving whole cell-based assays with corynebacterium glutamicum and mycobacterium tuberculosis, and a target-based assay with the protein kinase pkna. seventeen "hits" came from the whole cell-based screening approach, from which three d ...201020934382
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for 2-ketoisovalerate production.2-ketoisovalerate is used as a therapeutic agent, and a 2-ketoisovalerate-producing organism may serve as a platform for products deriving from this 2-keto acid. we engineered the wild type of corynebacterium glutamicum for the growth-decoupled production of 2-ketoisovalerate from glucose by deletion of the acee gene encoding the e1p subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, deletion of the transaminase b gene ilve, and additional overexpression of the ilvbncd genes, encoding the l-valine b ...201020935122
investigation of supragingival plaque microbiota in different caries status of chinese preschool children by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.this study aimed to detect differences in the richness of total supragingival plaque microbiota as well as the species composition of oral streptococci involved in the different stages of dental caries. forty-five plaque samples were collected from caries-moderate (cm, 4 ≤ dmfs ≤ 6), caries-susceptible (cs, dmfs ≥ 10), and age-matched caries-free children separately. total dna was isolated directly from each sample, and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge) ...201020927511
similarity of rpob gene sequences of sucrose-fermenting and non-fermenting corynebacterium diphtheriae strains.during the last decades, the majority of brazilian corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates were shown to be capable to metabolize sucrose, sometimes leading to erroneous identification as a non-diphtheric corynebacterium species. the sequencing of the polymorphic region of the rna polymerase beta subunit-encoding gene (rpob) is an important taxonomic tool for identification of corynebacteria. the present study aimed to investigate the rpob gene polymorphic features of sucrose-fermenting and non suc ...201020941542
pacemaker lead endocarditis due to multidrug-resistant corynebacterium striatum detected with sonication of the device.corynebacterium striatum is a commensal of human skin and has been recently recognized as an emerging pathogen. a case of nosocomial pacemaker lead endocarditis due to a multidrug-resistant c. striatum strain is described, highlighting the role of sonication as a diagnostic tool in cardiac device infections.201020943861
pilot immunization of mice infected with an equine strain of corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.this pilot study evaluated protection of an equine autogenous bacterin-toxoid vaccine against corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection. twenty-four balb/c mice were inoculated with two doses of bacterin-toxoid vaccine or two injections of a placebo. clinical, microbiologic, and pathologic outcomes were assessed after intradermal infection with one of two equine-origin c. pseudotuberculosis strains. mice receiving bacterin-toxoid from fast-growing c. pseudotuberculosis showed significant prot ...201020949428
non-antibiotics reverse resistance of bacteria to antibiotics.most clinical isolates that exhibit a multi-drug resistant phenotype owe that resistance to over-expressed efflux pumps. compounds that are efflux pump inhibitors (epis) reduce or reverse resistance to antibiotics to which the bacterial strain is initially resistant. we have evaluated non-antibiotics to reduce resistance of commonly encountered bacterial pathogens to antibiotics.201020952744
engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum with an nadph-generating glycolytic pathway for l-lysine production.a sufficient supply of nadph is a critical factor in l-lysine production by corynebacterium glutamicum. endogenous nad-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of c. glutamicum was replaced with nonphosphorylating nadp-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) of streptococcus mutans, which catalyzes the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 3-phosphoglycerate with the reduction of nadp(+) to nadph, resulting in the reconstruction of the functional glycolyti ...201020851994
the bcct family of carriers: from physiology to crystal structure.increases in the environmental osmolarity are key determinants for the growth of microorganisms. to ensure a physiologically acceptable level of cellular hydration and turgor at high osmolarity, many bacteria accumulate compatible solutes. osmotically controlled uptake systems allow the scavenging of these compounds from scarce environmental sources as effective osmoprotectants. a number of these systems belong to the bcct family (betaine-choline-carnitine-transporter), sodium- or proton-coupled ...201020923416
physiological and biochemical consequences of host-plasmid interaction--a case study with corynebacterium renale, a multiple cryptic plasmid containing strain.corynebacterium renale harbors four small cryptic plasmids, pcr1, pcr2, pcr3 and pcr4, and can be a good system for understanding host-plasmid interactions. in the present study, effect of plasmid loss and their subsequent introduction on various properties of the host was evaluated. loss of plasmids caused a reduction in bacterial size and also slowed down their growth rate, μ, and respiratory rate, r. both μ and r values were partially recovered in c. renale r, obtained by retransformation of ...201021087624
etiology and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of community-acquired bacterial ocular infections in a tertiary eye care hospital in south india.to identify the etiology, incidence and prevalence of ocular bacterial infections, and to assess the in vitro susceptibility of these ocular bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics.201020952834
mycolic acid-containing bacteria induce natural-product biosynthesis in streptomyces species.natural products produced by microorganisms are important starting compounds for drug discovery. secondary metabolites, including antibiotics, have been isolated from different streptomyces species. the production of these metabolites depends on the culture conditions. therefore, the development of a new culture method can facilitate the discovery of new natural products. here, we show that mycolic acid-containing bacteria can influence the biosynthesis of cryptic natural products in streptomyce ...201021097597
identification of mcbr as transcription regulator of aecd and genes involved in methionine and cysteine biosynthesis in corynebacterium jeikeium k411.the c-s lyase aecd (metc) from skin corynebacteria plays an important role in body odour formation by releasing odoriferous sulfanylalkanols from cysteine conjugates in human axilla secretions. the expression of the aecd gene from corynebacterium jeikeium k411, a strain originally isolated from the human axilla, was down-regulated in cells grown in minimal medium supplemented with methionine. a candidate transcription regulator binding in front of the aecd coding region was detected by dna affin ...201021084057
preparation of pei-coated bacterial biosorbent in water solution: optimization of manufacturing conditions using response surface methodology.the aim of this study is to optimize preparation method of polyethyleneimine (pei)-coated bacterial biosorbent in water as reaction media using fermentation waste biomass of corynebacterium glutamicum as a raw material. the fermentation waste biomass of c. glutamicum and reactive red 4 were used as model raw bacterium and pollutant. major factors affecting the performance of pei-coated biosorbent were the amounts of polymer (pei) and cross-linker glutaraldehyde (ga). these factors were optimized ...201020961751
corynebacterium jeikeium pacemaker infection associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: a single positive blood culture could be sufficient for diagnosis.corynebacterium jeikeium, a member of the non-diphtheria corynebacteria, has been rarely reported as being responsible for cardiovascular-device infection. here, we report what is believed to be the first case of c. jeikeium pacemaker infection associated with the presence of proteinase-3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. the diagnosis was established based on the positivity of a single positive blood culture and led to pacemaker extraction. this observation highlights the difficulty in the ...201020965920
determination of co₂ sensitivity of micro-organisms in shaken bioreactors. i. novel method based on the resistance of sterile closure.influence of carbon dioxide on growth and product kinetics of industrially important micro-organisms is essential for the interpretation of a bioprocess. in this research, the co₂ effects on productivity and growth rate of micro-organisms have been studied by using a variety of kplug. the applied method is based on a different concentration of co₂ in the headspace of ventilation flasks. the presented method is simple, inexpensive and shows similar results compared to large-scale fermentation reg ...201020973762
immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined fully liquid dtpw-hepb-hib pentavalent vaccine in healthy infants: no clinically relevant impact of a birth dose of hepatitis b vaccine.in this open-label, non-randomized phase ii study, the safety and immunogenicity of a fully liquid diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis-hepatitis b-haemophilus influenzae type b (dtpw-hepb-hib) combination vaccine (quinvaxem(®)) were assessed in infants who had or had not received a birth dose of hepatitis b (hepb) vaccine.201021093342
determination of co₂ sensitivity of micro-organisms in shaken bioreactors. ii. novel online monitoring method.in the present study, a new online monitoring method for the determination of the co₂ sensitivity of micro-organisms, based on the values of the respiration factors [otr (oxygen transfer rate) and ctr (carbon dioxide transfer rate)], obtained by using the ramos (respiratory activity monitoring system) device considering a variety of aeration rates in the measuring flask, is investigated. based on the data of the otr, obtained by ramos under a variety of specific aeration rates, the proposed new ...201020973763
homologous expression of the nrdf gene of corynebacterium ammoniagenes strain atcc 6872 generates a manganese-metallocofactor (r2f) and a stable tyrosyl radical (y˙) involved in ribonucleotide reduction.ribonucleotide reduction, the unique step in the pathway to dna synthesis, is catalyzed by enzymes via radical-dependent redox chemistry involving an array of diverse metallocofactors. the nucleotide reduction gene (nrdf) encoding the metallocofactor containing small subunit (r2f) of the corynebacterium ammoniagenes ribonucleotide reductase was reintroduced into strain c. ammoniagenes atcc 6872. efficient homologous expression from plasmid poca2 using the tac-promotor enabled purification of r2f ...201020977673
chemistry and microbiology of traditional rihaakuru (fish paste) from the maldives.rihaakuru is a traditional maldivian side dish consumed mainly with rice. it is a thick brown fish paste, made from tuna after prolonged heating. samples tested were found to have a low water activity (0.55-0.8), slightly acidic ph (5.62-6.18) and moderate salt content (1.4-1.6%). the product was found to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as omega-3, had high protein content (56-59%) and an energy level of 13.8 kj/g. the product had a low microbial count (1.54-2.31 log(10) cfu/g). the ...201020883152
engineering of nitrogen metabolism and its regulation in corynebacterium glutamicum: influence on amino acid pools and production.nitrogen is one of the macronutrients necessary for living cells, and consequently, assimilation of nitrogen is a crucial step for metabolism. to satisfy their nitrogen demand and to ensure a sufficient nitrogen supply even in situations of nitrogen limitation, microorganisms have evolved sophisticated uptake and assimilation mechanisms for different nitrogen sources. this mini-review focuses on nitrogen metabolism and its control in the biotechnology workhorse corynebacterium glutamicum, which ...201020922371
acceptor substrate discrimination in phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside synthesis: structural and mutational analysis of mannosyltransferase corynebacterium glutamicum pimb'.long term survival of the pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans is linked to the immunomodulatory potential of its complex cell wall glycolipids, which include the phosphatidylinositol mannoside (pim) series as well as the related lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan glycoconjugates. pim biosynthesis is initiated by a set of cytosolic α-mannosyltransferases, catalyzing glycosyl transfer from the activated saccharide donor gdp-α-d-mannopyranose to the acceptor phosphatidyl-myo-inositol (pi) i ...201020843801
bacterial 16s sequence analysis of severe caries in young permanent teeth.previous studies have confirmed the association of the acid producers streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus spp. with childhood caries, but they also suggested these microorganisms are not sufficient to explain all cases of caries. in addition, health-associated bacterial community profiles are not well understood, including the importance of base production and acid catabolism in ph homeostasis. the bacterial community composition in health and in severe caries of the young permanent dentition ...201020826648
fibrinogen binds to nontoxigenic and toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains.the production of fibrinous exudates may play an important role in determining the outcome of bacterial infection. although pseudomembrane formation is a characteristic feature of diphtheria, little is known about the fibrinogen (fbn)-binding properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains and the influence of the gene that codes for diphtheria toxin (tox gene) in this process. in this study we demonstrated the ability of c. diphtheriae strains to bind to fbn and to convert fbn to fibrin. bact ...201020835621
diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis in early lactation in dairy goats.the objectives of the study were to define the sensitivity and specificity of the california mastitis test (cmt) in determining the presence of intramammary infection in postpartum dairy goats and to determine whether antibiotic therapy increased bacteriological cure rate and lowered somatic cell count (scc) compared with untreated controls. a cmt was performed and milk samples were collected for bacteriology from 211 glands of 106 does between 0 and 10 d after kidding. from a population of 3,23 ...201020855005
two japanese corynebacterium ulcerans isolates from the same hospital: ribotype, toxigenicity and serum antitoxin titre.two toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans isolates recovered from pharyngeal swabs of two patients from the same hospital in japan during 2001-2002 were characterized by pfge and ribotyping. toxin production in different culture media was examined and serological analysis of patient sera was performed. the two isolates could not be distinguished by pfge; however, their ribotypes were distinguishable. one of the isolates could represent a novel ribotype. analysis of toxin production in different cul ...201020813850
evidence of bacterial biofilms in nasal polyposis.the pathogeny of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (crs/np) has not been elucidated. bacterial exotoxins have been implicated in many inflammatory chronic diseases, such as chronic otitis, chronic tonsillitis, cholesteatomas, and more recently crs/np. we propose that the bacteria in crs/np are not only present in a planktonic state, but also occur in microbial communities as biofilms.201020945603
strain-specific differences in pili formation and the interaction of corynebacterium diphtheriae with host cells.corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, is well-investigated in respect to toxin production, while little is known about c. diphtheriae factors crucial for colonization of the host. in this study, we investigated strain-specific differences in adhesion, invasion and intracellular survival and analyzed formation of pili in different isolates.201020942914
the small ribosomal protein s12p gene rpsl as an efficient positive selection marker in allelic exchange mutation systems for corynebacterium glutamicum.we report that the mutant rpsl k43r in streptomycin-resistant and lysine-producing corynebacterium glutamicum is responsible for streptomycin resistance. in addition, we describe its effective application in gene modification in c. glutamicum.201020951172
multilocus sequence typing identifies evidence for recombination and two distinct lineages of corynebacterium diphtheriae.we describe the development of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of the potentially fatal upper respiratory disease diphtheria. global changes in diphtheria epidemiology are highlighted by the recent epidemic in the former soviet union (fsu) and also by the emergence of nontoxigenic strains causing atypical disease. although numerous techniques have been developed to characterize c. diphtheriae, their use is hindered by limited portab ...201020844217
contaminant, or no contaminant, that is the question. 201020847016
biochemistry. a never-ending story. 201020847256
identification and characterization of a transcriptional regulator, sucr, that influences succd transcription in corynebacterium glutamicum.we have identified and characterized a novel transcriptional regulator that binds to the promoter region of succinyl-coa synthetase (succd) in corynebacterium glutamicum. using biotin-labeled dna affinity beads, we identified a deor-type transcriptional regulator, sucr (cg0146), which is a protein consisting of 282 amino acids with a mass of 31 kda and ramb (cg0444). the results of electrophoretic mobility shift assays verified that these regulators specifically bind to the succd promoter region ...201020851105
microbial production of n-acetylneuraminic acid by genetically engineered escherichia coli.previously, we described the production of n-acetylneuraminic acid (neuac) from n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) in a system combining recombinant escherichia coli expressing glcnac 2-epimerase (slr1975), e. coli expressing neuac synthetase (neub), and corynebacterium ammoniagenes. however, this system was unsuitable for large-scale production because of its complexity and low productivity. to overcome these problems, we constructed a recombinant e. coli simultaneously overexpressing slr1975 and neu ...201020971455
the corynebacterium glutamicum aconitase repressor: scratching around for crystals.imperfections on the surfaces of crystallization containers are known to influence crystal formation and are thought to do so by helping to overcome the nucleation barrier. the intentional creation of imperfections has been widely applied to induce crystallization of small molecules, but has not been reported for protein crystallization. here, the crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the tetr-type aconitase repressor are reported. this regulator was the first transcription factor to ...201020823530
corynebacterium glutamicum as an indicator for environmental cobalt and silver stress--a proteome analysis.cobalt and silver are toxic for cells, but mechanisms of this toxicity are largely unknown. analysis of corynebacterium glutamicum proteome from cells grown in control and cobalt or silver enriched media was performed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2de) followed by mass spectrometry. our results indicate that the cell adapted to cobalt stress by inducing five defense mechanisms: scavenging of free radicals, promotion of the generation of energy, reparation of dna, reparation and biogene ...201020818520
quantitation of major human cutaneous bacterial and fungal populations.because the human skin microbiota may play roles in the causation or modification of skin diseases, we sought to provide initial quantitative analysis from different cutaneous locations. we developed quantitative pcrs to enumerate the total bacterial and fungal populations, as well as the most common bacterial and fungal genera present in six locales, in eight healthy subjects. we used a set of primers and taqman mgb probes based on the bacterial 16s rrna and fungal internally transcribed spacer ...201020702672
carotid artery reconstruction for infected carotid patches.infected carotid prosthetic patches (icpp) are a rare but catastrophic complication of carotid endarterectomy (cea). prevention and appropriate surgical management is essential. we report our experience of carotid artery reconstruction for icpp.201020705492
construction of an in vitro trans-sialylation system: surface display of corynebacterium diphtheriae sialidase on saccharomyces cerevisiae.sialidases can be used to transfer sialic acids from sialoglycans to asialoglycoconjugates via the trans-glycosylation reaction mechanism. some pathogenic bacteria decorate their surfaces with sialic acids which were often scavenged from host sialoglycoconjugates using their surface-localized enzymes. in this study, we constructed an in vitro trans-sialylation system by reconstructing the exogenous sialoglycoconjugate synthesis system of pathogens on the surfaces of yeast cells. the nanh gene en ...201020711574
an increase in non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae infections in poland--molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of strains isolated from past outbreaks and those currently circulating in poland.an increase in non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae infections--mainly invasive infections--has been observed in countries with high vaccination coverage. however, reasons for this situation are unknown. in this study we characterized and compared human clinical isolates of non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae strains isolated from infections that have occurred over recent years and c. diphtheriae strains isolated from diphtheria cases from past outbreaks in poland.201020728389
toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a veterinary student in london, united kingdom, may 2010.we report on a case of toxigenic corynebacterium ulcerans infection in a fully immunised veterinary student, investigated in london, united kingdom, in may 2010. there was no ongoing transmission in human contacts. possible animal sources were identified.201020738991
characterization and identification of distinct mycobacterium massiliense extracellular proteins from those of mycobacterium abscessus.mycobacterium massiliense is an emerging pathogen and very similar to mycobacterium abscessus of rapidly growing mycobacteria in the phenotype and genotype. pathogenic bacteria secrete a diversity of factors into extracellular medium which contribute to the bacterial pathogenicity. in the present study, we performed the comparative proteome analysis of culture filtrate proteins from a clinical isolate of m. massiliense and m. abscessus strains using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid ...201020799093
carmen - comparative analysis and in silico reconstruction of organism-specific metabolic networks.new sequencing technologies provide ultra-fast access to novel microbial genome data. for their interpretation, an efficient bioinformatics pipeline that facilitates in silico reconstruction of metabolic networks is highly desirable. the software tool carmen performs in silico reconstruction of metabolic networks to interpret genome data in a functional context. carmen supports the visualization of automatically derived metabolic networks based on pathway information from the kegg database or fr ...201020799163
biosynthetic pathway for γ-cyclic sarcinaxanthin in micrococcus luteus: heterologous expression and evidence for diverse and multiple catalytic functions of c(50) carotenoid cyclases.we report the cloning and characterization of the biosynthetic gene cluster (crte, crtb, crti, crte2, crtyg, crtyh, and crtx) of the γ-cyclic c(50) carotenoid sarcinaxanthin in micrococcus luteus nctc2665. expression of the complete and partial gene cluster in escherichia coli hosts revealed that sarcinaxanthin biosynthesis from the precursor molecule farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp) proceeds via c(40) lycopene, c(45) nonaflavuxanthin, c(50) flavuxanthin, and c(50) sarcinaxanthin. glucosylation of s ...201020802040
link between phosphate starvation and glycogen metabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum, revealed by metabolomics.in this study, we analyzed the influence of phosphate (p(i)) limitation on the metabolism of corynebacterium glutamicum. metabolite analysis by gas chromatography-time-of-flight (gc-tof) mass spectrometry of cells cultivated in glucose minimal medium revealed a greatly increased maltose level under p(i) limitation. as maltose formation could be linked to glycogen metabolism, the cellular glycogen content was determined. unlike in cells grown under p(i) excess, the glycogen level in p(i)-limited ...201020802079
purification and characterization of the ncgl2923 -encoded 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase from corynebacterium glutamicum.corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 metabolizes 3-hydroxybenzoate via gentisate. we have now characterized the ncgl2923 -encoded 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase involved in the initial step of 3-hydroxybenzoate catabolism by this strain, a first 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase molecularly and biochemically characterized from a gram-positive strain. the ncg12923 gene from corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 was shown to encode 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the nad ...201020806251
antisense-rna-mediated plasmid copy number control in pcg1-family plasmids, pcgr2 and pcg1, in corynebacterium glutamicum.pcgr2 and pcg1 belong to different subfamilies of the pcg1 family of corynebacterium glutamicum plasmids. nonetheless, they harbour homologous putative antisense rna genes, crri and cgri, respectively. the genes in turn share identical positions complementary to the leader region of their respective repa (encoding plasmid replication initiator) genes. determination of their precise transcriptional start- and end-points revealed the presence of short antisense rna molecules (72 bp, crri; a ...201020798162
pentapeptide sharing between corynebacterium diphtheria toxin and the human neural protein network.we describe the pentapeptides shared between the corynebacterium diphtheria toxin and the human proteins associated with fundamental neural functions. we report that diphtheria toxin pentapeptides are spread among human antigens such as tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2, reelin, contactin-4, neuroligins, semaphorin-5a, sodium channel protein type 1 subunit α, williams-beuren syndrome chromosomal region 1 protein, williams-beuren syndrome chromosomal region 20a protein. williams-beuren syndrome ...201020874613
amplification of minute amounts of oral bacterial dna for real-time quantitative pcr analysis.high-throughput technologies for typing caries or health-associated bacterial populations including pcr, dna microarrays and next-generation sequencing techniques require significant amounts of bacterial dna. in clinical settings, the amount of sampled dna is often limited and amplification is therefore essential. protocols should be able to reproducibly amplify sequences in order to maintain initial sequence ratios and should not bias the representation of particular dna sequence types.201020881394
towards methionine overproduction in corynebacterium glutamicum--methanethiol and dimethyldisulfide as reduced sulfur sources.in the present work, methanethiol and dimethyldisulfide were investigated as sulfur source for methionine synthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum. in silico pathway analysis has predicted a high methionine yield for these reduced compounds provided that they can be utilized. wild type cells were able to grow on methanethiol and on dimethyldisulfide as sole sulfur source, respectively. isotope labeling studies with mutant strains exhibiting targeted modification of methionine biosynthesis gave de ...201020798582
enzymatic ring-opening mechanism of verdoheme by the heme oxygenase: a combined x-ray crystallography and qm/mm study.the least understood mechanism during heme degradation by the enzyme heme oxygenase (ho) is the third step of ring opening of verdoheme to biliverdin, a process which maintains iron homeostasis. in response to this mechanistic uncertainty, we launched a combined study of x-ray crystallography and theoretical qm/mm calculations, designed to elucidate the mechanism. the air-sensitive ferrous verdoheme complex of hmuo, a heme oxygenase from corynebacterium diphtheriae, was crystallized under anaero ...201020806922
size exclusion chromatography-an improved method to harvest corynebacterium glutamicum cells for the analysis of cytosolic metabolites.the efficient separation of corynebacterium glutamicum cells from culture medium by size exclusion chromatography (sec) is presented. residue analysis demonstrated that this method effectively depletes extracellular compounds. for evaluation, sec was compared with the common methods cold methanol treatment, fast centrifugation and fast filtration. for this purpose, samples of c. glutamicum cells from fermenter cultures were harvested and subjected to a metabolome analysis. in particular, the wil ...201020817050
crystal structures of the multidrug binding repressor corynebacteriumglutamicum cgmr in complex with inducers and with an operator.cgmr (cgl2612) from corynebacterium glutamicum is a multidrug-resistance-related transcription factor belonging to the tetr family, which is a protein family of widespread bacterial transcription factors typically involved in environmental response. here, we report the crystal structures of cgmr homodimeric repressor in complex with two distinct inducers (1.95 and 1.4 å resolution) and with an operator (2.5 å resolution). the cgmr-operator complex showed that two cgmr dimers bound to the operato ...201020691702
[inhibition of adherence of corynebacterium diphtheriae to human buccal epithelium by glycoside hydrolases from marine hydrobiontes].a possibility of adhesion inhibition of corynebacterium diphtheriae to human buccal epithelium by glycoside hydrolases of marine hydrobiontes was investigated using alpha-galactosidase from marine bacterium pseudoalteromonas sp. kmm 701, total enzyme preparation and beta-1,3-glucanase from marine fungi chaetomium, total enzyme preparation and beta-1,3-glucanase from marine mollusk littorina kurila, and total enzyme preparation from crystalline style of marine mollusk spisula sachalinensis were u ...201020695214
a tyrosyl-dimanganese coupled spin system is the native metalloradical cofactor of the r2f subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase of corynebacterium ammoniagenes.the x-ray crystallographic structure of the native r2f subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) of corynebacterium ammoniagenes atcc 6872 is reported, with a resolution of 1.36 a. the metal site contains an oxo/hydroxo-bridged manganese dimer, located near a tyrosine residue (y115). the coordination of the manganese dimer and its distance to a nearby tyrosine residue resemble the di-iron metalloradical cofactor of class i rnr from escherichia coli . multifrequency epr measurements of the hi ...201020698687
a role of the cspa gene encoding a mycolyltransferase in the growth under alkaline conditions of corynebacterium glutamicum.corynebacterium glutamicum is widely used in the industrial production of amino acids. producer strains are generated by classical random mutagenesis, and therefore have detrimental characteristics caused by unnecessary mutations. increased alkali sensitivity is one of those undesired characteristics. we found that one of the laboratory strains, aj12036deltacspadeltacspb, showed decreased growth under alkaline conditions. to clarify which mutation is responsible for alkali sensitivity, we constr ...201020699568
corynebacterium macginleyi conjunctivitis in canada.this report describes for the first time corynebacterium macginleyi as a cause of conjunctivitis in canada, where menaquinone analysis was done as part of the strain characterization. this species is typically isolated from ocular surfaces of patients from europe and japan. the isolate was resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin.201020702661
normal aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in the crab-eating raccoon (procyon cancrivorus) and coati (nasua nasua) housed in captivity in pernambuco and paraiba (northeast, brazil).to determine the normal aerobic bacterial conjunctival population of the coatis and the crab-eating raccoons housed in captivity in the pernambuco and paraiba states of brazil.201020840103
vitek 2 anc card versus bbl crystal anaerobe and rapid ana ii for identification of clinical anaerobic bacteria.the vitek 2 anaerobe and corynebacterium identification card (anc) was recently evaluated in a multicentre study. in the present work, this system was compared with the bbl crystal anaerobe and rapid ana ii panels. these kits were tested using 196 strains of anaerobes that had been previously identified by gas-liquid chromatography. identification to the species or to the genus level was 75.0%, 81.1% and 70.9% for crystal, rapid and vitek, respectively. vitek anc failed to provide any identifica ...201020685292
engineering corynebacterium glutamicum for isobutanol production.the production of isobutanol in microorganisms has recently been achieved by harnessing the highly active 2-keto acid pathways. since these 2-keto acids are precursors of amino acids, we aimed to construct an isobutanol production platform in corynebacterium glutamicum, a well-known amino-acid-producing microorganism. analysis of this host's sensitivity to isobutanol toxicity revealed that c. glutamicum shows an increased tolerance to isobutanol relative to escherichia coli. overexpression of al ...201020376637
odhi dephosphorylation kinetics during different glutamate production processes involving corynebacterium glutamicum.in corynebacterium glutamicum, the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex was shown to be controlled by the phosphorylation of a 15-kda protein odhi by different serine/threonine protein kinases. in this paper, the phosphorylation status and kinetics of odhi dephosphorylation were assessed during glutamate producing processes triggered by either a biotin limitation or a temperature upshock from 33 degrees c to 39 degrees c. a dephosphorylation of odhi in c. glutamicum 2262 was obse ...201020449744
concurrent outbreak of tuberculosis and caseous lymphadenitis in a goat herd. 201020453237
identification and elimination of the competing n-acetyldiaminopentane pathway for improved production of diaminopentane by corynebacterium glutamicum.the present work describes the development of a superior strain of corynebacterium glutamicum for diaminopentane (cadaverine) production aimed at the identification and deletion of the underlying unknown n-acetyldiaminopentane pathway. this acetylated product variant, recently discovered, is a highly undesired by-product with respect to carbon yield and product purity. initial studies with c. glutamicum dap-3c, a previously derived tailor-made diaminopentane producer, showed that up to 20% of th ...201020562290
expression and purification of the immunogenically active fragment b of the park williams 8 corynebacterium diphtheriae strain toxin.the construction of a hexahistidine-tagged version of the b fragment of diphtheria toxin (dtb) represents an important step in the study of the biological properties of dtb because it will permit the production of pure recombinant dtb (rdtb) in less time and with higher yields than currently available. in the present study, the genomic dna of the corynebacterium diphtheriae park williams 8 (pw8) vaccine strain was used as a template for pcr amplification of the dtb gene. after amplification, the ...201020490433
screening for improved activity of a transglutaminase from streptomyces mobaraensis created by a novel rational mutagenesis and random mutagenesis.microbial transglutaminase (mtg) has been used extensively in academic research and the food industries through its cross-linking or posttranslational modification of proteins. two enzyme engineering approaches were applied to improve mtg activity. one is a novel method of rational mutagenesis, called water-accessible surface hot-space region-oriented mutagenesis (wash-rom). one hundred and fifty-one point mutations were selected at 40 residues, bearing high solvent-accessibility surface area, w ...201020521043
the eye fly siphunculina funicola (diptera: chloropidae) as a carrier of pathogenic bacteria in thailand.the oriental eye fly siphunculina funicola (1.0-1.6 mm) is extremely annoying to humans and domestic animals, feeding on mucous membranes, secretions, wounds, eyes, and other moist surfaces of the host body. in many rural areas of thailand heavy populations of this fly prevail where they aggregate on a variety of hanging substrates, such as strings, nest trailings, electrical lines, decorations, ropes, cob webs, clothes hangers, automobile radio antennae and other items in open shade close to th ...201020578483
quantitative proteomic overview on the corynebacterium glutamicuml-lysine producing strain dm1730.corynebacterium glutamicum is one of the most important microorganisms because of its ability to produce and secrete glutamate, lysine and other amino acids. to optimize biotechnological amino acid synthesis it is therefore necessary to understand well how metabolic fluxes can be altered by studying the proteins directing these fluxes. in this work we give a comprehensive quantitative outline about the proteomic state of the l-lysine producing mutant strain dm1730 compared to wild type strain at ...201020650338
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