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epidemiology of deep surgical site infections after pediatric spinal fusion surgery.single-institution, retrospective case series.201727306257
brain abscess potentially resulting from odontogenic focus: report of three cases and a literature review.odontogenic foci can rarely cause intracranial infection. hematogenous spread is considered to be the most important pathophysiological mechanism of intracranial infection of odontogenic origin. to investigate the oral origin of intracranial infections, oral surgeons should understand the underlying mechanisms by which oral bacteria spread to the central nervous system. however, there have been very few reports of intracranial infection resulting from odontogenic infection.201728286386
eikenella corrodens endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in an intravenous drug user.infective endocarditis of the tricuspid valve (tve) occurs predominantly in selected groups of patients including intravenous drug users (ivdus). the most often cultured pathogen in ivdus is staphylococcus aureus. eikenella corrodens, normally existing as a commensal in the mouth and the upper respiratory tract, is identified as an etiologic pathogen of endocarditis very rarely. the authors describe a case of a 27-year-old male with a past history of staphylococcal tve readmitted to hospital aft ...201728258682
isolation of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and multidrug-resistant elizabethkingia meningoseptica from neonates within minutes of birth. 201727941472
[community acquired urinary tract infections in older adults].background community acquired urinary tract infections (cauti) in adults are common ailments. older adults are prone to infectious diseases, diagnosis can be difficult, their etiologic and antimicrobial resistance are poorly known. objectives to evaluate the incidence discriminated by sex, symptoms, and to determine pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance rate. methods a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study. we analyze uricultures among 2013 in the hospital nacional de clinicas ...201728379126
soft tissue infections from fish spike wounds: normal commensal bacteria are more common than marine pathogens.a fish spike injury can be sustained by anyone handling fish; during fishing, meal preparation or in retail. case reports of fish spikes inoculating victims with virulent marine-specific pathogens and causing systemic illness led us to question whether empirical treatment of these injuries with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is adequate.201728320052
in vitro activity of ceftaroline and comparator agents against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates from cancer patients.bacterial infections are common in cancer patients. ceftaroline (cft) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against most gram-positive organisms (gpos) and many gram-negative organisms. in this study, the in vitro activity of cft was compared with vancomycin (van), daptomycin (dap), linezolid (lzd), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (sxt) and tigecycline (tig) against bacteria (predominantly blood culture isolates) isolated from cancer patients in 2014 and 2015. cft was active against met ...201728257904
human norovirus binding to select bacteria representative of the human gut microbiota.recent reports describe the ability of select bacterial strains to bind human norovirus, although the specificity of such interactions is unknown. the purpose of this work was to determine if a select group of bacterial species representative of human gut microbiota bind to human norovirus, and if so, to characterize the intensity and location of that binding. the bacteria screened included naturally occurring strains isolated from human stool (klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., bacillus spp., e ...201728257478
searching for a potential antibacterial lead structure against bacterial biofilms among new naphthoquinone compounds.the aims of this study were to design, synthesize and to evaluate 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and its biofilm, to probe for potential lead structures.201727930849
biological activities of undescribed north american lichen species.lichens provide a large array of compounds with the potential for pharmaceutical development. in the present study, extracts from three previously undescribed north american lichen species were examined for antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities.201728369962
attributable mortality of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in ireland.to estimate the attributable mortality of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections (ha-bsi) in ireland.201728359546
synergistic effect of haloduracin and chloramphenicol against clinically important gram-positive bacteria.the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has triggered the search for more efficient antimicrobial agents and formulations for treatment of infections. in recent years, combination therapy has become one of the effective clinical practices in treating infections. the present study deals with the effect of haloduracin, a lantibiotic bateriocin and chloramphenicol against clinically important bacteria. the combined use of haloduracin and chloramphenicol resulted in remarkable synergy against a sp ...201728352561
primary pyogenic ventriculitis caused by neisseria meningitidis: case report and review of the literature.background. pyogenic ventriculitis is a well-known complication of meningitis, brain abscesses and intraventricular drains. primary pyogenic ventriculitis is a rare entity and few cases have been described so far. we report the first case of primary pyogenic ventriculitis in an adult caused by neisseria meningitidis and present an overview of all reported adult primary pyogenic ventriculitis cases in the english literature. methods. a pubmed search was performed using the terms ependymitis, vent ...201728348798
extraction of chitosan and its oligomers from shrimp shell waste, their characterization and antimicrobial effect.the present study was performed to utilize the shrimp shell waste for chitin and chitosan production, characterization by fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) technique and to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of chitosan oligomers produced by depolymerization of chitosan by nitrous acid.201728344399
purulent pericarditis as a complication of bacteraemic enterococcus faecalis urinary tract infection.purulent pericarditis is a rare clinical entity in the modern antibiotic era. the most common portal of entry is thought to be direct extension from a primary lung source and is usually caused by staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae we report the case of a man aged 69 years who presented with purulent pericarditis due to enterococcus faecalis likely caused by haematogenous spread from a urinary tract source. urgent pericardiocentesis was vital and restored hi ...201728298381
sonication of arthroplasty implants improves accuracy of periprosthetic joint infection cultures.there is evidence that sonication of explanted prosthetic hip and knee arthroplasty components with culture of the sonication fluid may enhance diagnostic sensitivity. previous studies on the use of implant sonicate cultures have evaluated diagnostic thresholds but did not elaborate on the clinical importance of positive implant sonicate cultures in the setting of presumed aseptic revisions and did not utilize consensus statements on periprosthetic joint infection (pji) diagnosis when defining t ...201728290115
antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles and amino acid chelated copper nanoparticles produced by using a soya extract.this paper reports a comparison of the antibacterial properties of copper-amino acids chelates and copper nanoparticles against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecalis. these copper-amino acids chelates were synthesized by using a soybean aqueous extract and copper nanoparticles were produced using as a starting material the copper-amino acids chelates species. the antibacterial activity of the samples was evaluated by using the standard microdilution method (clsi m100 ...201728286459
chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of tamarix balansae j. gay aerial parts.a previously undescribed phenolic sulphate ester, potassium 34-dihydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid methyl ester-5-sulphate (1), along with nine known flavonoids, kaempferol-3-o-potassium sulphate-4',7-dimethyl ether (2), kaempferol-4',7-dimethyl ether (3), rhamnocitrin-3-o-potassium sulphate (4), rhamnocitrin (5), kaempferol (6), quercetin (7), afzelin (8), quercetin-3-o-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (9) and luteolin-3'-o-potassium sulphate (10) were isolated from the aerial parts of tamarix balansae. struct ...201728281364
ultraviolet (uv)-reflective paint with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (uvgi) improves decontamination of nosocomial bacteria on hospital room surfaces.an ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (uvgi) generator (the torch™, clordisys solutions, inc.) was used to compare the disinfection of surface coupons (plastic from a bedrail, stainless steel, and chrome-plated light switch cover) in a hospital room with walls coated with ultraviolet (uv)-reflective paint (lumacept) or standard paint. each surface coupon was inoculated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) or vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre), placed at 6 differe ...201728278065
discovery of substituted oxadiazoles as a novel scaffold for dna gyrase inhibitors.dna gyrase and topoisomerase iv are type iia topoisomerases that are essential bacterial enzymes required to oversee the topological state of dna during transcription and replication processes. their atpase domains, gyrb and pare, respectively, are recognized as viable targets for small molecule inhibitors, however, no synthetic or natural product gyrb/pare inhibitors have so far reached the clinic for use as novel antibacterial agents, except for novobiocin which was withdrawn from the market. ...201728246042
loop-mediated isothermal amplification label-based gold nanoparticles lateral flow biosensor for detection of enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus.the report describes a simple, rapid and sensitive assay for visual and multiplex detection of enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus based on multiple loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mlamp) and lateral flow biosensor (lfb). detection and differentiation of the ef0027 gene (e. faecalis-specific gene) and nuc gene (s. aureus-specific gene) were determined using fluorescein (fitc)-and digoxin-modified primers in the mlamp process. in the presence of biotin- and fitc-/digoxin-modif ...201728239371
synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of cationic low molecular weight amphipathic 1,2,3-triazoles.a library of 28 small cationic 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles was prepared for studies of antimicrobial activity. the structures addressed the pharmacophore model of small antimicrobial peptides and an amphipathic motif found in marine antimicrobials. eight compounds showed promising antimicrobial activity, of which the most potent compound 10b displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4-8μg/ml against streptococcus agalacticae, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia co ...201728189422
nipple shields in transaxillary breast augmentation.infection after breast augmentation occurs in 1.1% to 2.5% of patients. bacterial contamination of the implants could explain some complications of breast implant surgery, including infection, capsular contracture and even anaplastic large cell lymphoma. because of the evidence of bacterial spread from the nipple, nipple shields have been proposed as a routine maneuver to avoid contamination of the implants.201728166134
screening for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities in astragalus angulosus.in a search for finding novel therapeutic agents, extracts from an endemic lebanese plant, astragalus angulosus, were evaluated for their potential in-vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against three gram-positive bacterial strains; staphylococcus epidermidis (cip444), staphylococcus aureus (atcc25923), and enterococcus faecalis (atcc29212); in addition to two gram-negative strains, escherichia coli (atcc35218) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc27853).201728163960
cold atmospheric pressure plasma elimination of clinically important single- and mixed-species biofilms.mixed-species biofilms reflect the natural environment of many pathogens in clinical settings and are highly resistant to disinfection methods. an indirect cold atmospheric-pressure air-plasma system was evaluated under two different discharge conditions for its ability to kill representative gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (pseudomonas aeruginosa) pathogens. plasma treatment of individual 24-h-old biofilms and mixed-species biofilms that contained additional species (ent ...201728161488
in vitro activity of oritavancin against gram-positive pathogens isolated in canadian hospital laboratories from 2011 to 2015.gram-positive bacterial pathogens isolated from patient specimens submitted to 15 canadian hospital laboratories from 2011 to 2015 were tested in the coordinating laboratory for susceptibility to oritavancin and comparative antimicrobial agents using the clinical and laboratory standards institute m07-a10 (2015) broth microdilution method. oritavancin's in vitro activity was equivalent to, or more potent than, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and tigecycline against methicillin-susceptible sta ...201728159446
synthesis, surfactant properties and antimicrobial activities of methyl glycopyranoside ethers.a series of amphiphilic methyl glucopyranoside ethers incorporating various alkyl chain lengths has been synthesized from commercially available methyl glucopyranosides following an acetalisation/hydrogenolysis sequence. the amphiphilic properties of ethers and acetal intermediates were evaluated. both families exhibit excellent surfactant properties with a maximum efficiency obtained for compounds bearing a linear dodecyl chain (cmc = 0.012 mm, γsat. = 30 mn m(-1)). antimicrobial activity studi ...201728157594
synthesis of novel pyrazinamide derivatives based on 3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide and their antimicrobial evaluation.aminodehalogenation of 3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxamide with variously substituted benzylamines yielded a series of fifteen 3-benzylaminopyrazine-2-carboxamides. four compounds possessed in vitro whole cell activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv that was at least equivalent to that of the standard pyrazinamide. mic values ranged from 6 to 42 μm. the best mic (6 μm) was displayed by 3-[(4-methylbenzyl)amino]pyrazine-2-carboxamide (8) that also showed low cytotoxicity in the hepg2 cell li ...201728157178
retrospective comparative analysis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections with and without the use of antibacterial envelopes.cardiovascular implantable electronic device (cied) infections are associated with morbidity and mortality. peri-operative systemic intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the rate of cied infections. aigisrx, a polymer envelope implanted with the cied, releases minocycline and rifampin, and has been introduced to reduce infections.201728131641
[update on antibiotic resistance in gram-positive bacteria].antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive bacteria, especially in staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecium, enterococcus faecalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae, is a serious threat to public health. these microorganisms have multiple resistance mechanisms to agents currently used in clinical practice. many of these resistance mechanisms are common to all 4 of these bacterial species, but other mechanisms seem to be more specific. the prevalence and dissemination of these mechanisms varies ...201728129816
antimicrobial activity of endodontic medicaments and vehicles using agar well diffusion method on facultative and obligate anaerobes.the aim of this study was to determine the relative antimicrobial effectiveness of these endodontic medicaments and various vehicles using an agar well diffusion assay.201728127166
antibacterial activity, computational analysis and host toxicity study of thymol-sulfonamide conjugates.methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre) are notorious pathogenic multidrug resistant (mdr) bacteria in both hospital and community sectors, and today the first antibacterial drug sulfamethoxazole is ineffective. the monoterpene phenol, thymol was conjugated with seven sulfa drug derivatives individually, adopting the dye-azo synthesis protocol, and conjugates were characterized using spectral analysis techniques such as, uv, ftir, m ...201728107695
[early results of adjuvant topical treatment of recurrent osteomyelitis with absorbable antibiotic carriers].background treatment of musculoskeletal infections principally consists of radical surgical debridement and systemic administration of antibiotics. additional local antibiotic therapy is not yet generally established, and lacks evidence-based proof of efficacy. nonetheless, there are a variety of practical approaches, as most specialised departments are unwilling to forego this option. the established polymethylmetacrylate (pmma) carrier system has a number of practical disadvantages. this has l ...201728081583
ozone therapy as an adjuvant for endondontic protocols: microbiological - ex vivo study and citotoxicity analyses.this study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of ozone therapy in teeth contaminated with pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, and staphylococcus aureus using a mono-species biofilm model. parallel to this, the study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ozone for human gingival fibroblasts. material and methods: one hundred and eighty single-root teeth were contaminated with a mono-species biofilm of enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus. groups we ...201728076466
design, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel pleuromutilin derivatives possessing piperazine linker.a series of pleuromutilin derivatives bearing piperazine ring have been reported. the in vitro antibacterial activities of the synthetic derivatives against mrsa (atcc 43300), staphylococcus aureus (atcc 29213), enterococcus faecalis (atcc 29212), enterococcus faecium (atcc35667) and escherichia coli (atcc25922) were evaluated by the broth dilution method. most of the synthesized derivatives displayed potent activities. compounds 11c, 12a and 12c were found to be the most active antibacterial de ...201728068600
the clinical, radiological, microbiological, and molecular profile of the skin-penetration site of transfemoral amputees treated with bone-anchored prostheses.the breach of the skin barrier is a critical issue associated with the treatment of individuals with transfemoral amputation (tfa) using osseointegrated, percutaneous titanium implants. thirty tfa patients scheduled for abutment exchange or removal were consecutively enrolled. the aims were to determine the macroscopic skin signs, the presence of bacteria and the gene expression in abutment-adherent cells and to conduct correlative and comparative analyses between the different parameters. redne ...201727750392
critical role of tedizolid in the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections.tedizolid phosphate has high activity against the gram-positive microorganisms mainly involved in acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections, such as strains of staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant s. aureus strains and methicillin-sensitive s. aureus strains), streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, the streptococcus anginosus group, and enterococcus faecalis, including those with some mechanism of resistance limiting the use of linezolid. the area under the ...201728053508
fournier's gangrene during acth therapy.fournier's gangrene is an infectious necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal, genital, or perianal regions and is uncommon in children. adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) is effective for the treatment of infantile spasms; however, suppression of immune function is one of the major adverse effects of this approach. we encountered a 2-month-old boy with infantile spasms that had been treated with acth and had developed complicating fournier's gangrene. strangulation of a right inguinal hernia was o ...201728007393
ofloxacin loaded gellan/pva nanofibers - synthesis, characterization and evaluation of their gastroretentive/mucoadhesive drug delivery potential.the purpose of this investigation is to formulate a gastroretentive sustained drug release system for ofloxacin to improve its retention time, pharmacological activity, bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy in the stomach. ofloxacin loaded gellan/poly vinyl alcohol (pva) nanofibers were fabricated using a simple and versatile electrospinning technique. the fabricated nanofibers were evaluated for percent drug encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release in simulated gastric medium (ph1. ...201727987752
phage-inducible islands in the gram-positive cocci.the sapis are a cohesive subfamily of extremely common phage-inducible chromosomal islands (picis) that reside quiescently at specific att sites in the staphylococcal chromosome and are induced by helper phages to excise and replicate. they are usually packaged in small capsids composed of phage virion proteins, giving rise to very high transfer frequencies, which they enhance by interfering with helper phage reproduction. as the sapis represent a highly successful biological strategy, with many ...201727959343
triterpene glycosides from the aerial parts of gouania longipetala.six previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins, gouaniaside i-vi, were isolated from the aerial parts of gouania longipetala hemsl. (rhamnaceae), in addition to four known triterpenes. the structure elucidation of these compounds was based on analyses of spectroscopic data including 1d- and 2d-nmr and hr-esi-ms techniques. the inhibitory activity of isolated compounds against promyelocytic leukemia hl60 and human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia k562 cell lines was evaluated and jujuboside i exhi ...201727865442
light and temperature effects on bioactivity in diatoms.isolates of five pelagic north atlantic marine diatoms (bacillariophyceae): attheya longicornis, chaetoceros socialis, chaetoceros furcellatus, skeletonema marinoi and porosira glacialis were cultivated in large photobioreactors at two light and two temperature regimes to test if this affected bioactivity. we screened for bioactivity in assays representing five different therapeutic areas: diabetes ii (ptp1b), cancer (melanoma cells, a2058), anti-oxidants (frap), immunomodulation (tnfa) and anti ...201727057087
evaluation of bd max staph sr assay for differentiating between staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci and determining methicillin resistance directly from positive blood cultures.we evaluated the performance of the bd max staphsr assay (sr assay; bd, usa) for direct detection of staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistance not only in s. aureus but also in coagulase-negative staphylococci (cns) from positive blood cultures.201727834064
microbiology of surgical site infections in patients with cancer: a 7-year review.health care-associated infections (hais) have arisen as major sources of multidrug-resistant bacteria. surgical site infections (ssis) are the most frequent hais in many countries, with high antimicrobial-resistant prevalence.201728385464
iodinated meroditerpenes from a red alga callophycus sp.unique iodine-containing meroditerpenes iodocallophycoic acid a (1) and iodocallophycols a-d (2-5) were discovered from the fijian red alga callophycus sp. because flexibility of the molecular skeleton impaired full characterization of relative stereochemistries by nmr spectroscopy, a dft-based theoretical model was developed to derive relevant inter-proton distances which were compared to those calculated from noe measurements, yielding the relative stereochemistries. the correct 2s,6s,7s,10s,1 ...201728378583
quaternized and thiazole-functionalized free radical-generating organometallic dendrimers as antimicrobial platform against multidrug-resistant microorganisms.new macromolecules such as dendrimers are increasingly needed to drive breakthroughs in diverse areas, for example, healthcare. here, the authors report hybrid antimicrobial dendrimers synthesized by functionalizing organometallic dendrimers with quaternary ammonium groups or 2-mercaptobenzothiazole. the functionalization tunes the glass transition temperature and antimicrobial activities of the dendrimers. electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that the dendrimers form free radica ...201728371348
a new benzophenone glycoside from the leaves of mitracarpus villosus.a new benzophenone glycoside, mitraphenone a (1), together with three known compounds (2-4) were isolated from the leaves of the traditionally used medicinal plant mitracarpus villosus (rubiaceae) collected in nigeria. a combination of one- and two-dimensional nmr spectroscopic and mass spectrometric measurements were carried out to identify the structure of 1. all isolated compounds (1-4) were screened for their antibacterial activity against several gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. co ...201728326840
determination of antibacterial and technological properties of vaginal lactobacilli for their potential application in dairy products.functional foods could differently affect human health in relation to the gender. recent studies have highlighted the anti-candida and anti-chlamydia activities of some lactobacillus strains isolated from the vagina of healthy women. considering these important beneficial activities on women's health, the preparation of functional food containing active vaginal lactobacilli can represent a great scientific challenge for the female gender. in this context, the aim of this work was to study some f ...201728223974
biocompatible injectable hydrogel with potent wound healing and antibacterial properties.two component injectable hydrogels that cross-link in situ have been used as noninvasive wound-filling devices, i.e., sealants. these materials carry a variety of functions at the wound sites, such as sealing leaks, ceasing unwanted bleeding, binding tissues together, and assisting in wound healing processes. however, commonly used sealants typically lack antibacterial properties. since bacterial infection at the wound site is very common, bioadhesive materials with intrinsic antibacterial prope ...201728207269
lipoteichoic acid synthesis inhibition in combination with antibiotics abrogates growth of multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecium.enterococcus faecium is a multidrug-resistant (mdr) nosocomial pathogen causing significant morbidity in debilitated patients. new antimicrobials are needed to treat antibiotic-resistant e. faecium infections in hospitalised patients. e. faecium incorporates lipoteichoic acid (lta) (1,3-polyglycerol-phosphate linked to glycolipid) in its cell wall. the small-molecule inhibitor 1771 [2-oxo-2-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylamino)ethyl 2-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-1-ylacetate] specifically blocks the activ ...201728188831
a potent synthetic inorganic antibiotic with activity against drug-resistant pathogens.the acronymously named "eskape" pathogens represent a group of bacteria that continue to pose a serious threat to human health, not only due to their propensity for repeated emergence, but also due to their ability to "eskape" antibiotic treatment. the evolution of multi-drug resistance in these pathogens alone has greatly outpaced the development of new therapeutics, necessitating an alternative strategy for antibiotic development that considers the evolutionary mechanisms driving antibiotic re ...201728165020
antibacterial activity of limonium brasiliense (baicuru) against multidrug-resistant bacteria using a statistical mixture design.limonium brasiliense (boiss.) kuntze (plumbaginaceae) is commonly known as "baicuru" or "guaicuru" and preparations of its dried rhizomes have been popularly used in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome and menstrual disorder, and as an antiseptic in genito-urinary infections. this study evaluated the potential antibacterial activity of rhizome extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains using statistical mixture design.201728089736
comparison of the antimicrobial activity of direct pulp-capping materials: mineral trioxide aggregate-angelus and biodentine.to compare the antimicrobial activity of the tricalcium silicate-based biodentine (bd) and mineral trioxide aggregate (mta)-angelus cement with the aid of agar diffusion test.201727994321
identification of n-arylated nh125 analogues as rapid eradicating agents against mrsa persister cells and potent biofilm killers of gram-positive pathogens.bacterial biofilms housing dormant persister cells are innately tolerant to antibiotics and disinfectants, yet several membrane-active agents are known to eradicate tolerant bacterial cells. nh125, a membrane-active persister killer and starting point for development, led to the identification of two n-arylated analogues (1 and 2) that displayed improved biofilm eradication potencies compared to the parent compound and rapid persister-cell-killing activities in stationary cultures of methicillin ...201727925693
the behavior of staphylococcus aureus dual-species biofilms treated with bacteriophage phiipla-rodi depends on the accompanying microorganism.the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobials against pathogenic bacteria offers a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics and disinfectants. significantly, phages may help to remove biofilms, which are notoriously resistant to commonly used eradication methods. however, the successful development of novel antibiofilm strategies must take into account that real-life biofilms usually consist of mixed-species populations. within this context, this study aimed to explore the effectiveness of ...201727836851
population and function analysis of cultivable bacteria associated with spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus gigaspora margarita.this study was aimed to investigate the diversity and function of bacterial population associated with gigaspora margarita spores. the fungus was propagated in sterilized sand/soil pots using alfalfa (medicago sativa), grain sorghum (sorghum bicolor), or maize (zea mays) as host plants, or in sterilized vermiculite pots using alfalfa as host plants, respectively. bacteria were isolated from the new-formed spores using diluted plate method, and typical bacterial isolates were identified according ...201728391471
a new phthalide from the endophytic fungus xylaria sp. gdg-102.a new phthalide derivative, xylarphthalide a (1), along with two known compounds (-)-5-carboxylmellein (2) and (-)-5-methylmellein (3), were isolated from the endophytic fungus xylaria sp. gdg-102 cultured from the chinese medicinal plant sophora tonkinensis. their structures were identified by ms and nmr experiments, and the absolute configuration of 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. compound 1-3 showed antibacterial activities against bacillus megaterium, ba ...201728385040
antimicrobial resistance surveillance among intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital in southern india.hospital acquired infections (hais) are the rising threat in the health care facilities across the globe. as most intesive care unit (icu) patients are frequently on broad spectrum antimicrobials, this induces selective antibiotic pressure which leads to development of antimicrobial resistance (amr) among the microorganisms of icus.201728384858
mechanism of action of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers against meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria.this study investigates the antibacterial mechanism of action of electrospun chitosan-based nanofibers (cnfs), against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus and listeria innocua, bacteria frequently involved in food contamination and spoilage. cnfs were prepared by electrospinning of chitosan and poly(ethylene oxide) (peo) blends. the in vitro antibacterial activity of cnfs was evaluated and the susceptibility/resistance of the selected bacteria toward ...201728383516
[development of antimicrobial resistance in germany : what is the current situation?]the frequency of multidrug-resistant organisms (mdro) is increasing in germany and worldwide.201728378152
unique characteristics of community-onset healthcare- associated bloodstream infections: a multi-centre prospective surveillance study of bloodstream infections in japan.analysis of bloodstream infections (bsis) is valuable for their diagnosis, treatment and prevention. however, limited data are available in japan.201728377180
biological synthesis of gold and silver chloride nanoparticles by glycyrrhiza uralensis and in vitro applications.the current study highlights the rapid biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (gu-aunps) and silver chloride nanoparticles (gu-agclnps) by aqueous root extract of glycyrrhiza uralensis, a medicinal plant. g. uralensis has been reported for anticancer and hepatoprotective effects. the reduction of chloroauric acid and silver nitrate by the glycyrrhiza root extract prompted the formation of gu-aunps and gu-agclnps within 4 and 40 min at 80 °c, respectively. the complete reaction did not require supple ...201728375686
n-reacetylated oligochitosan: ph dependence of self-assembly properties and antibacterial activity.oligochitosan (short chain chitosan) is more soluble in acidic aqueous media than a high molecular weight (mw) chitosan but its antimicrobial activity decreases with increase in degree of acetylation (da) and increase in ph above a critical ph threshold point. in the present study, oligochitosans varying in mw were additionally n-acetylated and their self-assembly properties and antibacterial activity towards s. aureus and e. coli were investigated in a wide ph range as a function of mw and da. ...201728375595
antibacterial and anti-tubercular evaluation of dihydronaphthalenone-indole hybrid analogues.a new series of indole appended dihydronaphthalenone hybrid analogues (5a-t) have been synthesized through the lewis acid catalyzed michael addition of indoles to the arylidene/hetero arylidene ketones. all the synthesized derivatives are well characterized through the (1) h-nmr, (13) c-nmr, hrms spectroscopic techniques, compound 5r was further confirmed through single crystal x-ray analysis and screened for antibacterial and anti-tubercular activities. among the synthesized compounds, the mini ...201728374540
a new natural product analog of blasticidin s reveals cellular uptake facilitated by the nora multidrug transporter.the permeation of antibiotics through bacterial membranes to their target site is a crucial determinant of drug activity, but in many cases remains poorly understood. during screening efforts to discover new broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds from marine sponge samples, we identified a new analog of the peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic blasticidin s that exhibited up to 16-fold improved potency against a range of laboratory and clinical bacterial strains, which we named p10. whole genome sequenci ...201728373194
the implications of antibiotic resistance for patients' recovery from common infections in the community: a systematic review and meta-analysis.antibiotic use is the main driver for carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. the perception exists that failure of antibiotic treatment due to antibiotic resistance has little clinical impact in the community.201728369247
secular trends of bloodstream infections during neutropenia in 15,181 haematopoietic stem cell transplants: 13-year results from a european multicentre surveillance study (onko-kiss).antibacterial resistance is emerging in patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) and most data on the epidemiology of bloodstream infections (bsi)-causing pathogens come from retrospective, single-centre studies. aim of this study is to investigate trends in the epidemiology of bsi in hsct recipients from a prospective multicentre cohort.201728366613
umbilical cord care and infection rates in turkey.to compare the efficacy of umbilical cord sponging with 70% alcohol, sponging with 10% povidone-iodine, and dry care on the time to umbilical cord separation and bacterial colonization.201728365249
structural effect of quaternary ammonium chitin derivatives on their bactericidal activity and specificity.the effect of the quaternary ammonium chitin structure on the bactericidal activity and specificity against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus was investigated. quaternary ammonium chitins were synthesized by the separate acylation of chitin (ct) with carboxymethyl trimethylammonium chloride (cma), 3-carboxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (cpa) and n-dodecyl-n,n-(dimethylammonio)butyrate (ddmab). the successful acylation was confirmed by newly formed ester linkage. all three derivative ...201728363655
facile fabrication of moldable antibacterial carboxymethyl chitosan supramolecular hydrogels cross-linked by metal ions complexation.herein, carboxymethyl chitosan (cmch) supramolecular hydrogels cross-linked by metal ions (ag(+), cu(2+) and zn(2+)) are reported. the hydrogels were formed within a few seconds by simple mixing of cmch solution with metallic salt solutions at an appropriate ph. the prepared hydrogels were characterized by using ft-ir, xrd, sem and rotational rheometery. ft-ir measurements suggested that the facile complexation of metal ions with carboxylic, amino and hydroxyl groups of cmch chains promoted the ...201728363572
sustainable hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/xyloglucan/gentamicin films with antimicrobial properties.hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hpmc) and xyloglucan (xg) crosslinked with citric acid over a range of hpmc/xg weight ratios formed sustainable blend films characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, tensile tests, circular dichroism and determination of inhibitory activity against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. both in solution and in the crosslinked films, hpmc chains lost the original ordered conformation upon ...201728363551
current trends of microorganisms and their sensitivity pattern in paediatric septic arthritis: a prospective study from tertiary care level hospital.early treatment of septic arthritis is essential before irreversible damage to the articular cartilage occurs. clinicians often start empirical antibiotic therapy for symptomatic relief while awaiting a definitive culture report. in present day parlance with variations in different centres in the private and public sector and rampant antibiotic abuse, a lot of resistance is being seen in the flora and their sensitivity patterns. hence it is imperative to document and analyze these changing trend ...201728360506
seasonal variation of brazilian red propolis: antibacterial activity, synergistic effect and phytochemical screening.the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the dry and rainy season on the antibacterial activity and chemical composition of the brazilian red propolis. the samples were collected in rainy (rp-per) and dry (rp-ped) seasons and analyzed by hplc-dad. the extracts were tested alone and in association with antibiotics against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. the hplc analysis identified luteolin and quercetin as the main compounds. seasonal variation w ...201728359875
bioactivity of variant molecular weight chitosan against drug-resistant bacteria isolated from human wounds.chitosan available from crab shells is usually of high molecular weight which may result in reduced efficiency for its antibacterial activity. one of the techniques for improving chitosan antibacterial efficiency is reducing its molecular weight. the irradiation of chitosan by gamma radiations is considered to be one of the most effective and widely used methods for improving its antibacterial activity. chitosan obtained from crab shells was irradiated with gamma radiations at different doses, a ...201728358617
preparation, characterization and antibacterial applications of carboxymethyl chitosan/cuo nanocomposite hydrogels.in this study, a series of antibacterial carboxymethyl chitosan/cuo nanocomposites were prepared by treating the carboxymethyl chitosan (cmch) hydrogel with copper (ii) chloride (cucl2) solution followed by the oxidation of copper ions in the presence of sodium hydroxide. the resulting nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized by using ftir, xrd and sem techniques. the sem micrographs revealed the uniform distribution of cuo nanoparticles in the hydrogel matrix with the size ranging from 20nm t ...201728356237
involvement of oxidative stress in protocatechuic acid-mediated bacterial lethality.the involvement of oxidative stress in protocatechuic acid-mediated bacterial lethality was investigated. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc) of protocatechuic acid against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus are 600 and 700 μg/ml, 600 and 800 μg/ml, and 600 and 800 μg/ml, respectively. the optical densities and colony-forming units of protocatechuic acid-treated bacteria decreased in time-dependent manner. protocat ...201728349673
nano-silver-decorated microfibrous eggshell membrane: processing, cytotoxicity assessment and optimization, antibacterial activity and wound healing.an ideal wound dressing can both promote wound healing and prevent bacterial infection. here, we report a potential dressing prepared by incorporating an optimized concentration of silver nanoparticles (agnps) into the microfibers of a natural eggshell membrane (em) using environmentally friendly and mussel-inspired dopamine. briefly, acid-treated em was used as a porous membrane for polydopamine-reduced agnps synthesis. to obtain the optimal cytocompatible silver concentration, cellular attachm ...201728348388
selenium-mediated protection in reversing the sensitivity of bacterium to the bactericidal antibiotics.inducing production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ros) is an important criterion to distinguish the bactericidal antibiotics from bacteriostatic antibiotics. selenoenzymes were generally recognized to be a powerful antioxidant capable of scavenging free radicals, protecting the cells from the harmful effects of ros. therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the selenium (se)-mediated protection in reversing antibiotic sensitivity and the role of selenoenzymes in alleviat ...201728347459
using chemoinformatics, bioinformatics, and bioassay to predict and explain the antibacterial activity of nonantibiotic food and drug administration drugs.discovering of new and effective antibiotics is a major issue facing scientists today. luckily, the development of computer science offers new methods to overcome this issue. in this study, a set of computer software was used to predict the antibacterial activity of nonantibiotic food and drug administration (fda)-approved drugs, and to explain their action by possible binding to well-known bacterial protein targets, along with testing their antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram- ...201728346800
layer-number dependent antibacterial and osteogenic behaviors of graphene oxide electrophoretic deposited on titanium.graphene oxide has attracted widespread attention in the biomedical fields due to its excellent biocompatibility. herein we investigated the layer-number dependent antibacterial and osteogenic behaviors of graphene oxide in biointerfaces. graphene oxide with different layer numbers was deposited on the titanium surfaces by cathodal electrophoretic deposition with varied deposition voltages. the initial cell adhesion and spreading, cell proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation were observed ...201728345852
potential antibacterial activity of some saudi arabia honey.the aim of this study was to investigate the potential antibacterial activity of some saudi arabia honey against selected bacterial strains of medical importance.201728344408
attribution of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of cassia tora extract toward its growth promoting effect in broiler birds.the study was conducted to evaluate the attribution of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of cassia tora toward its growth promoting effect in broiler birds.201728344406
controlled release of antibiotic amoxicillin drug using carboxymethyl cellulose-cl-poly(lactic acid-co-itaconic acid) hydrogel.in this paper, microwave assisted preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose-cl-poly(lactic acid-co-itaconic acid) (cmc-cl-p(la-co-ia)) hydrogel was reported via facile graft copolymerization using n,n(1)-methylene-bis-acrylamide (mba) and potassium persulphate as cross linker and initiator. different reaction parameters were optimized to achieve good yield. the formation of hydrogel was confirmed by characterization techniques such as fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning ...201728344094
antibacterial activity of medicinal plants from the physicians of myddvai, a 13(th) century welsh medical manuscript.antimicrobial drug resistance is a growing threat to global public health. historical records and herbal texts relating to traditional celtic medicine indicate an extensive pharmacopeia of plants for treating infections likely caused by microbes. however, a major barrier for successful integration of these remedies into mainstream practice is the current lack of accurate interpretation and scientific validation.201728344030
production of reuterin in a fermented milk product by lactobacillus reuteri: inhibition of pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria.we assessed the antimicrobial activity of reuterin produced in vitro in glycerol aqueous solutions in situ by lactobacillus reuteri atcc 53608 as part of a fermented milk product against starter (lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus), spoilage (penicillium expansum), pathogenic (staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, and listeria monocytogenes), and pathogen surrogate (escherichia coli dh5α) microorganisms. we also assayed the influence of c ...201728342608
high reported rates of antimicrobial resistance in indian neonatal and pediatric blood stream infections.there is real shortage of national data on antimicrobial resistance rates in indian neonates and children. a descriptive review was conducted to determine the patterns of antimicrobial resistance in isolates of blood stream infection among hospitalized children in india.201728339675
the food production environment and the development of antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens of animal origin.food-borne pathogens are a serious human health concern worldwide, and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant food pathogens has further confounded this problem. once-highly-efficacious antibiotics are gradually becoming ineffective against many important pathogens, resulting in severe treatment crises. among several reasons for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, their overuse in animal food production systems for purposes other than treatment of infections is prominent. many ...201728335438
in vitro antibacterial activity of 7-substituted-6-fluoroquinolone and 7-substituted-6,8-difluoroquinolone derivatives.fluoroquinolones are widely prescribed synthetic antimicrobial agents. quinolones act by converting their targets, gyrase and topoisomerase iv, into toxic enzymes that fragment the bacterial chromosome; the irreversible dna damage eventually causes the killing of bacteria. thorough knowledge of the structure-activity relationship of quinolones is essential for the development of new drugs with improved activity against resistant strains.201728334702
fully automated disc diffusion for rapid antibiotic susceptibility test results: a proof-of-principle study.antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to patients suffering from infectious diseases. early readings of antibiotic susceptibility test (ast) results could be of critical importance to ensure adequate treatment. disc diffusion is a well-standardized, established and cost-efficient ast procedure; however, its use in the clinical laboratory is hampered by the many manual steps involved, and an incubation time of 16-18 h, which is required to achieve reliable test results.201728333189
an in vitro bacterial surface migration assay underneath sterile barrier material commonly found in a hospital setting.to determine what barrier material used in hospital neonatal intensive care units most effectively blocks bacterial migration.201728333156
minocycline-releasing pmma system as a space maintainer for staged bone reconstructions - in vitro antibacterial, cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory characterization.in the present work, it is aimed the development and biological characterization of a poly methyl methacrylate (pmma)-based minocycline delivery system, to be used as a space maintainer within craniofacial staged regenerative interventions. developed delivery systems were characterized regarding solid state characteristics and assayed in vitro for anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity, and cytocompatibility with human bone cells. drug release profile allowed for an initial burst release ...201728333042
analysis of mic and disk diffusion testing variables for gepotidacin and comparator agents against select bacterial pathogens.this study was conducted to determine the effect of testing parameters on the in vitro activity of gepotidacin, a new triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial agent for the treatment of conventional and biothreat pathogens. clsi methods, and variations of these methods were used to test 10 staphylococcus aureus, 10 streptococcus pneumoniae, 10 haemophilus influenzae, and 5 escherichia coli by mic and 30 s. aureus, 15 s. pneumoniae and 15 s. pyogenes by disk diffusion (dd) methods. levofloxacin and lin ...201728330893
antibacterial properties of amino acid functionalized silver nanoparticles decorated on graphene oxide sheets.graphene oxide (go) sheets decorated with amino acid l-cysteine (l-cys) functionalized silver nanoparticles (go-l-cys-ag) was synthesized by agno3, trisodium citrate, and nabh4. go-l-cys-ag nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (tem), fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectra, ultraviolet-visible (uv-vis) absorption spectra, which demonstrated that a diameter of l-cys-agnps compactly deposited on go. antibacterial activity tests of go-l-cys-ag nanocomposite were car ...201728329722
extraction of nanocellulose and in-situ casting of zno/cellulose nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity.polymer hosted metallic nanostructures with diverse applications have become a prominent area of materials science, engineering and technology. in this study nanocellulose (nc) was synthesized from oil palm empty fruit bunches biomass via alkaline treatment and acid hydrolysis and characterized. the obtained nc was used as a host polymer for the synthesis of zinc oxide (zno) nanostructures through in-situ solution casting method. alkaline treatment and acid hydrolysis increased the percentage cr ...201728325329
contribution of urinary tract infection to the burden of febrile illnesses in young children in rural kenya.the clinical features of uti in young children may not localize to the urinary tract and closely resemble other febrile illnesses. in malaria endemic areas, a child presenting with fever is often treated presumptively for malaria without investigation for uti. delayed or inadequate treatment of uti increases the risk of bacteremia and renal scarring in young children and subsequently complications as hypertension and end stage renal disease in adulthood.201728323886
identification and characterization of a novel calreticulin involved in the immune response of the zhikong scallop, chlamys farreri.calreticulin (crt) is a multifunctional calcium-binding chaperone shared among vertebrates and invertebrates. in this study, a novel crt (cfcrt) was identified in the zhikong scallop chlamys farreri by rapid amplification of cdna ends. the full-length cdna was composed of 1345 bp, which included a 1158 bp open reading frame, a 25 bp 5'-untranslated region (utr) and a 162 bp 3'-utr. the predicted molecular mass of cfcrt was 44.8 kda. cfcrt contained three highly conserved domains (n-, p- and c-do ...201728323215
exogenous l-valine promotes phagocytosis to kill multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a severe threat to public health and causes extensive losses in livestock husbandry and aquaculture. effective strategies to control such infections are in high demand. enhancing host immunity is an ideal strategy with fewer side effects than antibiotics. to explore metabolite candidates, we applied a metabolomics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles of mice after klebsiella pneumoniae infection. compared with the mice that died fr ...201728321214
first report on isolation of 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylacetophenone from palmyra palm (borassus flabellifer linn.) syrup, its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.the first report on isolation and characterization of 2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-methylacetophenone (1), nicotinamide (2), and uracil (3) from palmyra palm syrup is described. total phenolic content (tpc) and total flavonoid content (tfc) of palm syrup were 244.70±5.77(mggallic acid/kg of syrup) and 658.45±27.86(mg quercetin/kg of syrup), respectively. compound 1 exhibited dpph radical scavenging activity with an ic50 value of 20.02±0.14μm which was better than ascorbic acid (ic50=22.59±0.30μm). compoun ...201728317754
power and time dependent microwave assisted fabrication of silver nanoparticles decorated cotton (sndc) fibers for bacterial decontamination.plasmonic nanoparticles (nps) such as silver and gold have fascinating optical properties due to their enhanced optical sensitivity at a wavelength corresponding to their surface plasmon resonance (spr) absorption. present work deals with the fabrication of silver nanoparticles decorated cotton (sndc) fibers as a cheap and efficient point of contact disinfectant. sndc fibers were fabricated by a simple microwave assisted route. the microwave power and irradiation time were controlled to optimize ...201728316594
synthesis, antimicrobial activity and toxicity to nematodes of cyclam derivatives.the antimicrobial activity and toxicity to nematodes of the cyclam salt [h2{h2((4-cf3)phch2)2cyclam}](ch3coo)2⋅(ch3cooh)2 were evaluated. estimated minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 9, 261 and 15 µg/ml were obtained for escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus, respectively. for selected candida spp., the estimated mics obtained ranged from 32 µg/ml to 63 µg/ml. bactericidal activity was demonstrated but the compound was not reliably fungicidal. concentrations ...201728315730
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