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prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in adult dermacentor spp. ticks from nine collection sites in france.the importance of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is not well recognized in europe. to investigate the role of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens, questing ticks were collected in 9 sites from southern to northwestern france (camargue delta to eastern brittany) where dermacentor spp. exist and tick-borne diseases had occurred previously. three tick species were collected during the spring and autumn of 2009. collected ticks (both males and f ...201323421886
prevalence and haemato-biochemical profile of anaplasma marginale infection in dairy animals of punjab (india).to do the systematic comparison of prevalence of anaplasmosis by pcr and giemsa stained thin blood smear (gstbs) based parasitological assays in dairy cattle of punjab, which has not been reported yet. to analyse the haematobiochemical alterations in infected animals to arrive at the conclusion regarding the pathogenicity induced by anaplasma marginale (a. marginale) in latent and patent infection.201323339917
molecular investigation and phylogeny of anaplasma spp. in mediterranean ruminants reveal the presence of neutrophil-tropic strains closely related to a. platys.few data are available on the prevalence and molecular typing of species belonging to the genus anaplasma in mediterranean ruminants. in this study, pcr analysis and sequencing of both 16s rrna and groel genes were combined to investigate the presence, prevalence, and molecular traits of anaplasma spp. in ruminants sampled on the island of sardinia, chosen as a subtropical representative area. the results demonstrate a high prevalence of anaplasma spp. in ruminants, with animals infected by at l ...201324162569
evaluating the effectiveness of an inactivated vaccine from anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture.the protective efficacy of an inactivated vaccine from anaplasma marginale that was cultured in tick cells (ide8) for use against bovine anaplasmosis was evaluated. five calves (group 1) were inoculated subcutaneously, at 21-day intervals, with three doses of vaccine containing 3 × 10(9) a. marginale initial bodies. five control calves received saline solution alone (group 2). thirty-two days after the final inoculation, all the calves were challenged with approximately 3 × 10(5) erythrocytes in ...201322832750
in vitro cultivation of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in tick cell lines: a review.continuous cell lines have been established from several ixodid and argasid tick species, representing an excellent tool suitable for the isolation of pathogens and their subsequent propagation, which in turn allows the production of antigenic material for diagnostic tests, antibody and vaccine production, and also for studies on host-vector-pathogen relationships. this paper reviews the use of tick cells for culture initiation and maintenance of two obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens, a ...201322832744
sensitivity and specificity of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay relative to quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr for detection of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. 201222829635
determining the repertoire of immunodominant proteins via whole-genome amplification of intracellular pathogens.culturing many obligate intracellular bacteria is difficult or impossible. however, these organisms have numerous adaptations allowing for infection persistence and immune system evasion, making them some of the most interesting to study. recent advancements in genome sequencing, pyrosequencing and phi29 amplification, have allowed for examination of whole-genome sequences of intracellular bacteria without culture. we have applied both techniques to the model obligate intracellular pathogen anap ...201222558468
comparative seroprevalences of bovine trypanosomiasis and anaplasmosis in five states of malaysia.a comparative seroprevalence study on bovine trypanosomiasis and anaplasmosis was conducted. sera of adult cattle and buffaloes of different breeds from farms from five different states in malaysia were collected and tested for the presence of trypanosoma evansi antibodies by catt and anaplasma marginale antibodies by c-elisa. of the 116 samples, 14.7% tested positive for bovine trypanosomiasis and 77.6% for bovine anaplasmosis.201222543604
development and validation of two pcr tests for the detection of and differentiation between anaplasma ovis and anaplasma marginale.anaplasma ovis and anaplasma marginale are tick-transmitted bacteria that cause anaplasmosis in domestic and wild animals. recent results show that some domestic and wild animals and ticks are susceptible to both a. ovis and a. marginale, thus supporting the need to differentiate between these species in hosts and ticks diagnosed with anaplasma infection. however, although anaplasmosis is one of the most common diseases of grazing animals worldwide, rapid and effective tests are not available fo ...201223182548
loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method based on two species-specific primer sets for the rapid identification of chinese babesia bovis and b. bigemina.bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted hemoprotozoan disease that is mainly caused by babesia bovis and/or babesia bigemina and is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. this disease is widespread in most parts of china. however, it is difficult to rapidly discriminate between the b. bovis and b. bigemina species. to detect and distinguish these species, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) platform that targets specific sequences of the internal transcribed ...201222849831
molecular and serological prevalence of anaplasma marginale in cattle of north central morocco.a cross sectional study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological distribution of anaplasma marginale in north central morocco. blood samples from five provinces of morocco were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=668) and simultaneously analyzed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr) assay and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa). the overall prevalence of a. marginale was 21.9% by npcr and 16.5% by celisa. the kappa coefficient between npcr and celisa ind ...201222465306
prevalence and molecular detection of anaplasma marginale, babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle from puntarenas province, costa rica.a study was conducted in 2008 to determine the prevalence of anaplasma and babesia infections in cattle in the puntarenas province of costa rica. blood samples were taken from a total of 449 cattle during the month of march at 30 farms in the region of espiritu santu, costa rica. commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) were used to determine presence of antibodies to babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale, and real-time pcr was used to determine the presence of dna fr ...201222465150
breadth of the cd4+ t cell response to anaplasma marginale virb9-1, virb9-2 and virb10 and mhc class ii dr and dq restriction elements.mhc class ii molecules influence antigen-specific cd4+ t lymphocyte responses primed by immunization and infection. cd4+ t cell responses are important for controlling infection by many bacterial pathogens including anaplasma marginale and are observed in cattle immunized with the protective a. marginale outer membrane (om) vaccine. immunogenic proteins that comprise the protective om vaccine include type iv secretion system (t4ss) proteins virb9-1, virb9-2 and virb10, candidates for inclusion i ...201222361828
molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens in nigerian ticks.a molecular epidemiology investigation was undertaken in two nigerian states (plateau and nassarawa) to determine the prevalence of pathogens of veterinary and public health importance associated with ticks collected from cattle and dogs using pcr, cloning and sequencing or reverse line blot techniques. a total of 218 tick samples, amblyomma variegatum (n=153), rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (n=45), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=20) were sampled. pathogens identified in ticks included p ...201222326937
molecular detection of anaplasma marginale infection in carrier cattle.anaplasma marginale infections are responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality particularly in crossbred and exotic breeds of cattle in the tropics and subtropics. in the present study, a semi-nested pcr assay was utilized for the detection of a. marginale infection in carrier cattle from different areas of punjab state, india. an amplicon of 458 bp specific for msp5 of a. marginale was detected in 45.2% of blood samples when subjected to primary pcr assay against the routine blood smear ...201222309860
prevalence of livestock diseases and their impact on livelihoods in central equatoria state, southern sudan.a participatory epidemiological (pe) study was conducted in kajo keji and yei counties, central equatoria state, southern sudan to assess the impact of livestock diseases on livelihoods. a serological survey of tick-borne diseases was conducted to supplement the pe study. pe data collection tools consisted primarily of focus group interviews and key informant interviews supplemented by observation. information was collected on the social context, history and species of livestock kept. constraint ...201222244519
subdominant antigens in bacterial vaccines: am779 is subdominant in the anaplasma marginale outer membrane vaccine but does not associate with protective immunity.identification of specific antigens responsible for the ability of complex immunogens to induce protection is a major goal in development of bacterial vaccines. much of the investigation has focused on highly abundant and highly immunodominant outer membrane proteins. recently however, genomic and proteomic approaches have facilitated identification of minor components of the bacterial outer membrane that have previously been missed or ignored in immunological analyses. immunization with anaplas ...201223029498
expression patterns of anaplasma marginale msp2 variants change in response to growth in cattle, and tick cells versus mammalian cells.antigenic variation of major surface proteins is considered an immune-evasive maneuver used by pathogens as divergent as bacteria and protozoa. likewise, major surface protein 2 (msp2) of the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, is thought to be involved in antigenic variation to evade the mammalian host immune response. however, this dynamic process also works in the tick vector in the absence of immune selection pressure. we examined msp2 variants expressed during infection of four tick a ...201222558307
subclinical anaplasmosis in camel (camelus dromedarius) and its successful therapeutic management.on the indian sub continent, dromedarian camel -'the ship of the desert' is an important constituent of the socio economic life style of nomadic owners in the semi arid to arid ecosystems. the animal suffers from a few parasitic diseases viz. surra, coccidiosis, sarcocystis, gastro intestinal concurrent metazoan infections, mange, nasal bots and ticks infestations. however, anaplasmosis in camel has not been reported so far from the indian subcontinent. systematic investigations of a 7 year male ...201224808644
serum c-peptide concentrations and their value in evaluating the usefulness of insulin therapy in elderly diabetics.serum c-peptide concentrations were determined in 121 elderly subjects: 25 nondiabetic controls aged 69-86 years, and 96 type 2 (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) diabetics aged 64-96 years. forty-seven of the diabetics were treated with tablets, 35 with insulin, and 14 with diet alone. fasting serum c-peptide concentrations (nmol/l; mean +/- sd) were 0.51 +/- 0.20 for controls; 0.60 +/- 0.16 for diabetics on diet alone; 0.72 +/- 0.33 for diabetics on tablets and 0.46 +/- 0.23 for diabetic ...20123556328
treatment of impaired cerebral function in psychogeriatric patients with memantine--results of a phase ii double-blind study.memantine was investigated in a phase ii double-blind trial on 30 elderly patients by comparison with a placebo with the aid of several psychometric tests. it was found that vigilance, short-term memory, and concentration improve significantly under memantine. it was also found that memantine exerted a beneficial effect on psychiatric and neurological symptoms despite the presence of an organic psychosyndrome of many years' duration and multiple morbidity. the tolerance of the preparation was go ...20123406051
radiographic anatomy of the calcaneus. part iii: superior surface. 20123430354
relationship between self-control and alcohol consumption patterns and problems of college students.the relationship between self-control strategies, alcohol-related problems and the quantity and frequency of alcohol use was examined. analyses of data from 410 university students who completed the student alcohol questionnaire and the self-control questionnaire indicated that both internal and external self-control strategies were significantly correlated with alcohol-related problems and alcohol consumption variables. self-control strategies were also found to be applied differentially across ...20123347074
[treatment of hypertension today]. 20123288579
the "spread of effect' of a school based dental health education project.a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of a school based dental health education programme ("natural nashers') upon the families of adolescents receiving the programme. interviews with 73 randomly selected parents were conducted. one group (n = 35) had a child who had recently received the programme, the other (n = 38) had not. during the interview they were asked if they or other family members (apart from the programme recipient) had changed their dental behaviour or received any new de ...20123862501
the "spread of effect' of a school based dental health education project.a study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of a school based dental health education programme ("natural nashers') upon the families of adolescents receiving the programme. interviews with 73 randomly selected parents were conducted. one group (n = 35) had a child who had recently received the programme, the other (n = 38) had not. during the interview they were asked if they or other family members (apart from the programme recipient) had changed their dental behaviour or received any new de ...20123862501
[multivesicular hepatic hydatidosis in childhood. its relation with specific pharmacologic treatment].four cases of multivesicular hepatic hydatidosis are reported. two of them were affected by exogenous growth. all patients had undergone a long-term treatment with mebendazole at the usual doses. we are contrasting our experience in the use of such drug and the previous reports by other authors. in our opinion, as mebendazole acts on the cyst in a double way (both inhibiting glucose uptake by the larva and modifying the structure of the cyst membranes) ir induces the cyst multivesiculation which ...20124083626
a predominant idiotype in the gut associated lymphoid tissue. 20123318285
[changes in s-adenosylmethionine metabolism in liver cirrhosis]. 20123287509
types i and ii sensitized photooxidation of aminoacid by phthalocyanines: a flash photochemical study. 20123406125
expansion of variant diversity associated with a high prevalence of pathogen strain superinfection under conditions of natural transmission.superinfection occurs when a second, genetically distinct pathogen strain infects a host that has already mounted an immune response to a primary strain. for antigenically variant pathogens, the primary strain itself expresses a broad diversity of variants over time. thus, successful superinfection would require that the secondary strain express a unique set of variants. we tested this hypothesis under conditions of natural transmission in both temperate and tropical regions where, respectively, ...201222585962
pathogen prevalence in ticks collected from the vegetation and livestock in nigeria.ticks are important disease vectors that can cause considerable economic losses by affecting animal health and productivity, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. in this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of bacterial and protozoan tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from the vegetation and cattle in nigeria by pcr. the infection rates of questing ticks were 3.1% for rickettsia species, 0.1% for coxiella burnetii and 0.4% for borrelia species. other pathogens, suc ...201222327584
functional epitope core motif of the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and its incorporation onto bioelectrodes for antibody detection.anaplasmosis, a persistent intraerythrocytic infection of cattle by anaplasma marginale, causes severe anemia and a higher rate of abortion, resulting in significant loss to both dairy and beef industries. clinical diagnosis is based on symptoms and confirmatory laboratory tests are required. currently, all the diagnostic assays have been developed with whole antigens with indirect elisa based on multiple epitopes. in a pioneer investigation we demonstrated the use of critical motifs of an epito ...201222427942
the twin-arginine translocation pathway in α-proteobacteria is functionally preserved irrespective of genomic and regulatory divergence.the twin-arginine translocation (tat) pathway exports fully folded proteins out of the cytoplasm of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. although much progress has been made in unraveling the molecular mechanism and biochemical characterization of the tat system, little is known concerning its functionality and biological role to confer adaptive skills, symbiosis or pathogenesis in the α-proteobacteria class. a comparative genomic analysis in the α-proteobacteria class confirmed the presenc ...201222438962
comparative genomics and transcriptomics of trait-gene association.the order rickettsiales includes important tick-borne pathogens, from rickettsia rickettsii, which causes rocky mountain spotted fever, to anaplasma marginale, the most prevalent vector-borne pathogen of cattle. although most pathogens in this order are transmitted by arthropod vectors, little is known about the microbial determinants of transmission. a. marginale provides unique tools for studying the determinants of transmission, with multiple strain sequences available that display distinct a ...201223181781
prevalence of parasitic infections in cattle of ludhiana district, punjab.a total of 862 cattle were sampled for both haematological (703) and coprological (159) investigations at the large animal clinics, gadvasu, ludhiana, punjab, india. examination of giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears exhibited that 22.9 % (161/703) of cattle were infected with haematozoa comprising theileria annulata (14.65 %), trypanosoma evansi (0.28 %), babesia bigemina (1.56 %) and anaplasma marginale (8.53 %) while mixed infection appeared in 2.13 % (15/703) animals. the prevalence of to ...201224082538
detection of parasites and parasitic infections of free-ranging wildlife on a game ranch in zambia: a challenge for disease control.ex-situ conservancies are expanding alternatives to livestock production in zambia albeit the lack of information on circulating infectious parasites from wildlife. therefore, 12 wildlife species were examined on a game ranch were all species were found to be infected by rhipecephalus spp. haemoparasite infections were estimated at 7.37% (n = 95) with babesia spp. detected in bushbuck (tragelaphus scriptus); anaplasma marginale in impala (aepyceros melampus) and puku (kobus vardonii) for the fir ...201222701163
development of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of theileria annulata, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale in cattle.tropical theileriosis, bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases that impose serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. a common feature of these diseases is that, following recovery from primary infection, animals become persistent carriers of the pathogen and continue to play a critical role in disease epidemiology, acting as reservoirs of infection. this study describes development and eva ...201223183165
[hemangiopericytoma of the petrous bone. considerations apropos of 5 surgically treated cases].5 cases of infratentorial hemangiopericytomas involving petrous bone are described. they show significant tendency to invade and destroy the bony base reaching into the soft parapharyngeal tissue of the neck. radiography, tomography and ct scan of the skull demonstrate a large erosion of the petrous bone. at ct scan the lesion appears slightly hyperdense with marked enhancement. selective angiography shows an important vascular supply from the external carotid artery, the deep and ascending cerv ...20124000362
[hemangiopericytoma of the petrous bone. considerations apropos of 5 surgically treated cases].5 cases of infratentorial hemangiopericytomas involving petrous bone are described. they show significant tendency to invade and destroy the bony base reaching into the soft parapharyngeal tissue of the neck. radiography, tomography and ct scan of the skull demonstrate a large erosion of the petrous bone. at ct scan the lesion appears slightly hyperdense with marked enhancement. selective angiography shows an important vascular supply from the external carotid artery, the deep and ascending cerv ...20124000362
research training of surgical residents as studied from the resident's forum.participants in the resident's forum were surveyed to gain an appreciation of their impression of their research training. the vast majority believed that adequate resources and supervision had been available for their research. the resident generally was the principal investigator, the primary writer of the grant to fund the study, and developed the experimental design. supervision was usually by a diplomate who took an active role in the project. projects were funded by several different sourc ...20123507137
microcapsules of sage oil: essential oils content and antimicrobial activity. 20123671465
effect of splenectomy on exercise-induced pulmonary and systemic hypertension in ponies.large increases in systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures of exercising healthy ponies have been observed. because exercise causes a considerable increase in pcv of ponies, we examined the effect of splenectomy on exercise-induced changes in systemic and pulmonary pressures. these pressures (taken with catheter-tip micromanometers) and indicator dilution cardiac output were determined on 9 healthy ponies that had undergone splenectomy 4 to 9 weeks before the study. data obtained at rest and d ...20123421538
expression of proto-oncogenes in embryonic, adult, and transformed tissue of xiphophorus (teleostei: poeciliidae).in xiphophorus the causative, primary cellular oncogene for melanoma formation has been assigned by classical genetics to a sex-chromosomal locus, designated tu. activation of tu was proposed to be the result of the elimination of tu-specific regulatory genes which normally suppress the transforming function in the non-tumorous state. in order to understand the role which known proto-oncogenes might play in this process, we have analysed the expression of src, erb a, erb b, ras, abl, sis and mil ...20123374960
[possibilities of rehabilitation in psychiatric facilities]. 20123427663
monitoring of surface contamination on sealed sources. 20123370441
assessing the preoperative adult.a patient who is about to undergo surgery requires a presurgery evaluation that focuses on certain risks, including the risk of anesthesia. even the generally healthy, ambulatory patient who is scheduled for an elective procedure should have a focused history and physical in order to anticipate and prevent complications. this article outlines the questions necessary to ask, the physical examination to be performed and the tests to be ordered during a preanesthesia assessment.20123340345
some concerns about current laser surgery of condylomata acuminata. 20123372765
[eosinophilic acropustulosis in infancy]. 20123327808
application of methods used in survival analysis to growth and nutritional studies.three statistical methods are described and illustrated with working examples. using these methods it is possible to include all subjects involved in cross-sectional studies in calculations of results, even if the data are incomplete at the end of the investigation. the use of censored data is taken from survival analysis. it is shown that combination of the kaplan-meier estimate, the log-rank test and the proportional hazards model gives more satisfactory results in nutritional and growth studi ...20123255723
insomnia. 20123528949
on the development of the conformation of deamino oxytocin. 20123436708
["pocked" red cells in the evaluation of splenic function]. 20123938954
4 mris and counting: mount sinai's tech plan. 20123557390
4 mris and counting: mount sinai's tech plan. 20123557390
quality of adrs. 20123445803
passive smoking and colic-like behaviour in babies. 20123372251
[error in the interpretation of echography in a case of retinoblastoma]. 20123542260
modulation of type-i skin hypersensitivity reactions by bronchodilators. 20123255688
prenatal diagnosis of subdural hygroma. 20123418780
corticosteroid withdrawal with substitution of azathioprine in cyclosporine-treated primary cadaveric renal transplant recipients. 20123274465
cancer therapy: radiation and hyperthermia. 20123507783
perspectives in mucosal immunity: a ruminant model.all mammalian species have developed specialized defence mechanisms at the interface between mucosal surfaces and the environment and this system operates independently of the systemic immune system. attachment of organisms to the mucosal epithelium is a primary prerequisite for infection and is an important virulence determinant for pathogens of these sites. the mucosal immune defences are thus characterized by production of iga antibodies, the principal mode of action of which is to inhibit th ...20123433664
adaptive immunity to anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence.anaplasma marginale is an obligate intraerythrocytic bacterium that infects ruminants, and notably causes severe economic losses in cattle worldwide. anaplasma phagocytophilum infects neutrophils and causes disease in many mammals, including ruminants, dogs, cats, horses, and humans. both bacteria cause persistent infection - infected cattle never clear a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum can also cause persistent infection in ruminants and other animals for several years. this review describes ...201222226382
epidemiological perspectives of ticks and tick-borne diseases in south sudan: cross-sectional survey results.a cross-sectional study was conducted between september and october 2010 in five states of south sudan that were selected on the basis of the perceived risk of tick-borne diseases. the purpose was to investigate epidemiological parameters of tick-borne diseases in south sudan and their uses in future control strategies. a total of 805 calves were assessed by clinical, microscopic and serological examination and tick counts. the indirect enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) was used to dete ...201223327317
Association and Evidence for Linked Recognition of Type IV Secretion System Proteins VirB9-1, VirB9-2, and VirB10 in Anaplasma marginale.Like several other bacterial pathogens, Anaplasma marginale has an outer membrane that induces complete protection from infection and disease. However, the proteins that confer protective immunity and whether protection requires interacting proteins and/or linked T-cell and immunoglobulin G epitopes are not known. Our goal is to target the conserved type IV secretion system (T4SS) to identify conserved, immunogenic membrane proteins that are interacting and linked recognition candidates. Linked ...201222038917
Control of tick infestations in cattle vaccinated with bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed tick protective antigens.Vaccines containing the Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus BM86 and BM95 antigens protect cattle against tick infestations. Tick subolesin (SUB), elongation factor 1a (EF1a) and ubiquitin (UBQ) are new candidate protective antigens for the control of cattle tick infestations. Previous studies showed that R. microplus BM95 immunogenic peptides fused to the Anaplasma marginale major surface protein (MSP) 1a N-terminal region (BM95-MSP1a) for presentation on the Escherichia coli membrane were prot ...201222085549
detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in brazilian dogs by real-time polymerase chain reaction.anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in dogs from brazil in the municipalities of seropédica and itaguaí, rio de janeiro state, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using sybr green to detect the amplification. of 253 samples, 18 (7.11%) were positive, with a threshold cycle (ct) ranging from 31 to 35 cycles. the pcr product from a positive sample was cloned and sequenced. the sequence obtained demonstrated 100% identity with other a. phagocytophilum sequences published in the genbank ...201121908321
molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens of the family anaplasmataceae in brazilian brown brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira, fischer, 1814) and marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus, illiger, 1815).deer are important natural reservoir hosts of anaplasmataceae. the present study used nested pcr and nucleotide sequencing to evaluate the occurrence of anaplasmataceae species in 23 free-living and six captive specimens of the cervids mazama gouazoubira and blastocerus dichotomus in minas gerais state, brazil. blood samples were tested for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma spp. using npcr assays and sequencing of the msp4, msp1 and 16s rrna genes. the identity of each sequence was confirm ...201122136597
Acute phase response in cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale.This study was undertaken to evaluate the acute phase responses via the assessment of the concentration of serum sialic acids (total, lipid bound and protein bound), inflammatory mediators (IFN-? and TNF-a) and acute phase proteins (Hp and SAA) in 20 adult crossbred cattle naturally infected by Anaplasma marginale. The infected animals were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of parasitemia rate (<20% and >20%). Also, as a control group, 10 clinically healthy cattle from the same farms were sa ...201121940118
Molecular Study of Free-ranging Mule Deer and White-tailed Deer from British Columbia, Canada, for Evidence of Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp.Twenty-three free-ranging white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (MD; Odocoileus hemionus) from south-central British Columbia, Canada, were tested for Anaplasma marginale by msp5 gene-specific PCR and Ehrlichia spp. by 16S rRNA or citrate synthase (gltA) gene-specific PCR, as well as by PCR with universal 16S rRNA primers detecting a wide range of bacteria. No deer tested positive for A. marginale. Amplification with universal 16S rRNA primers followed by sequencing o ...201121933360
Identification of Anaplasma marginale Type IV Secretion System Effector Proteins.Anaplasma marginale, an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium in the order Rickettsiales, is a tick-borne pathogen and the leading cause of anaplasmosis in cattle worldwide. Complete genome sequencing of A. marginale revealed that it has a type IV secretion system (T4SS). The T4SS is one of seven known types of secretion systems utilized by bacteria, with the type III and IV secretion systems particularly prevalent among pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The T4SS is predicted to play an i ...201122140462
Targeting the tick protective antigen subolesin reduces vector infestations and pathogen infection by Anaplasma marginale and Babesia bigemina.The ultimate goal of vector vaccines is the control of vector infestations while reducing pathogen infection and transmission to protect against the many diseases caused by vector-borne pathogens. Previously (Vaccine 2011;29:2248-2254), we demonstrated that subolesin vaccination and release of tick larvae after subolesin knockdown by RNA interference (RNAi) were effective for the control of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus infestations in cattle. In this study, we used the fact t ...201121951878
novel genotypes of anaplasma bovis, "candidatus midichloria" sp. and ignatzschineria sp. in the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni.bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, is a vector-borne disease that is enzootic in many parts of the usa. although dermacentor andersoni, a major vector of a. marginale, occurs in canada, the canadian cattle herds are currently considered free of bovine anaplasmosis. there have been two outbreaks of the disease in the province of saskatchewan, but these have been linked to the importation of infected animals. however, the distribution of bovine anaplasmosis may alter with range ex ...201121334146
response of nkedi zebu and ankole cattle to tick infestation and natural tick-borne, helminth and trypanosome infections in uganda.a cross-sectional study was conducted in soroti district of uganda to establish important traits of nkedi zebu and ankole cattle regarding their production performance responses to natural infections of trypanosomes, gastrointestinal nematodes, theileria parva, babesia bigemina, anaplasma marginale and tick infestations. over four visits between october 2006 to august 2007, tick counts were performed and blood, faecal samples and sera were collected from the nkedi zebu (295) and ankole (165) cat ...201121350849
pcr detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in goat flocks in an area endemic for tick-borne fever in switzerland.central switzerland is a highly endemic region for tick-borne fever (tbf) in cattle, however, little is known about a. phagocytophilum in goats. in the present study, 72 animals from six goat flocks (373 edta blood-samples) in central switzerland were analysed for a. phagocytophilum dna. a real-time pcr targeting the msp2 gene of a. phagocytophilum was performed and in positive samples the partial 165 rrna, groel and msp4 gene were amplified for sequence analysis. four dna extracts were positive ...201121395206
cloning of the major outer membrane protein expression locus in anaplasma platys and seroreactivity of a species-specific antigen.anaplasma platys infects peripheral blood platelets and causes infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in canines. the genes, proteins, and antigens of a. platys are largely unknown, and an antigen for serodiagnosis of a. platys has not yet been identified. in this study, we cloned the a. platys major outer membrane protein cluster, including the p44/msp2 expression locus (p44es/msp2es) and outer membrane protein (omp), using dna isolated from the blood of four naturally infected dogs from venezuela ...201121498646
spatial variation of tick abundance and seroconversion rates of indigenous cattle to anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina and theileria parva infections in uganda.tick abundance and seroconversion rates of 640 indigenous cattle in a mixed crop-livestock system in uganda were investigated in a 14 months longitudinal study. up to 100% of the cattle in buyimini, kubo, nanjeho, ojilai and sitengo villages (high tick challenge zone) were consistently infested with rhipicephalus appendiculatus, whereas on average 50% of the cattle in bunghaji, hitunga and magoje villages (low tick challenge zone) were inconsistently infested. likewise, up to 50% of the cattle i ...201121499913
temporal characterisation of the organ-specific rhipicephalusmicroplus transcriptional response to anaplasma marginale infection.arthropods transmit important infectious diseases of humans and animals. importantly, replication and the development of pathogen infectivity are tightly linked to vector feeding on the mammalian host; thus analysis of the transcriptomes of both vector and pathogen during feeding is fundamental to understanding transmission. using anaplasma marginale infection of rhipicephalusmicroplus as the experimental model, we tested three hypotheses exploring the temporal and organ-specific nature of the t ...201121514300
expression of anaplasma marginale ankyrin repeat-containing proteins during infection of the mammalian host and tick vector.transmission of tick-borne pathogens requires transition between distinct host environments with infection and replication in host-specific cell types. anaplasma marginale illustrates this transition: in the mammalian host the bacteria infects and replicates in mature (non-nucleated) erythrocytes while in the tick vector replication occurs in nucleated epithelial cells. we hypothesized that proteins containing ankyrin motifs would be expressed by a. marginale only in tick cells and would traffic ...201121576345
multistrain genome analysis identifies candidate vaccine antigens of anaplasma marginale.anaplasmosis in domestic livestock is an impediment to animal health and production worldwide, especially in developing countries in africa, asia, and south america. vaccines have been developed and marketed against the causative organism, anaplasma marginale; however, these have not been widely used because of breakthrough infections caused by heterologous strains and because of the risk of disease induced by live vaccine strains themselves. recently, molecular studies have enabled progress to ...201121596083
prevalence and genetic diversity of babesia and anaplasma species in cattle in sudan.disease prevalence studies are one of the most valuable tools to demonstrate the risk or impact of certain infections in local and global economies. the data obtained in these studies contribute to develop strategies for disease control. the present study aims to provide information about the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the northern regions of sudan. blood samples from four different states of sudan were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=692), dna was extracted and the ...201121612870
correlations among anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves.the present study was designed to determine the correlations among anaplasma marginale parasitemia and markers of oxidative stress in crossbred calves. blood was collected from 11 crossbred calves infected with a. marginale along with 11 healthy crossbred calves as controls for determination of hematology and oxidative stress indicators. percentage of parasitemia in infected calves varied from 0.8% to 6.0%. the values of hematological indicators and antioxidant enzymes were decreased, whereas er ...201121842137
emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis.the babesia bovis and b. bigemina apicomplexan protozoa in conjunction with the rickettsia anaplasma marginale are intraerythrocytic pathogens that are responsible for the most prevalent and costly tick borne diseases (tbd's) of cattle worldwide. these organisms are historically associated as they can cause clinically related hemolytic diseases in cattle, are all transmitted by rhiphicephallus (boophilus) ticks, and share an uncanny ability to evade the immune systems of the vertebrate hosts, ca ...201121684084
investigation of endothelial cells as an in vivo nidus of anaplasma marginale infection in cattle.continuous culture of anaplasma marginale in endothelial cells and the potential implications for vaccine development heightened interest in determining the importance of endothelial cells in the a. marginale life cycle. a. marginale-infection trials were performed to determine if endothelial cells are an in vivo host cell in cattle and if a. marginale from in vitro endothelial cells were infective to cattle. adult, immunocompetent steers were infected by tick-feeding transmission and were eutha ...201121680112
Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Anaplasma marginale in cattle from south Mozambique.The current study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in cattle from Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane provinces, south Mozambique. A total of 809 serum samples from cattle were obtained and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). The chi-square test at 5% significance was used to assess the association between seroprevalence and the variables gender, age and geographic origin of animals. The overall seropositivity was 76.5% (n = 619) ...201122166387
Genome-wide screening and identification of antigens for rickettsial vaccine development.The capacity to identify immunogens for vaccine development by genome-wide screening has been markedly enhanced by the availability of microbial genome sequences coupled to proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. Critical to this approach is in vivo testing in the context of a natural host-pathogen relationship, one that includes genetic diversity in the host as well as among pathogen strains. We aggregate the results of three independent genome-wide screens using in vivo immunization and protecti ...201122066488
theileria parva genetic diversity and haemoparasite prevalence in cattle and wildlife in and around lake mburo national park in uganda.wildlife, especially cape buffalo (syncerus caffer), are thought to act as a reservoir for many of the important tick-borne pathogens of cattle. in this study, we have determined the prevalence of the most significant tick-borne haemoparasites in wildlife (buffalo, impala, eland and bushbuck) as well as in cattle grazing inside and neighbouring lake mburo national park (lmnp) in uganda. a high percentage of buffalo were carriers of theileria parva, theileria mutans, theileria velifera, theileria ...201120827491
[primary transport of acute patients. optimal use of rescue resources exemplified by the canton of graubünden]. 20113927607
tripelennamine enhances buprenorphine-, but not pentazocine-induced hyperactivity in mice.the opioid agonist-antagonist pentazocine (1-30 mg/kg) and the partial agonist buprenorphine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg) were tested, alone or in combination with the histamine h1-receptor antagonist tripelennamine (1, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg/kg), on locomotor activity in mice of the cd-1 strain. when given alone, pentazocine produced slight and non-dose-related activity increments, while buprenorphine induced strong and dose-related locomotor stimulation. tripelennamine slightly increased activity by itself and ...20113137594
serological cross-reactivity between anaplasma marginale and an ehrlichia species in naturally and experimentally infected cattle.seroconversion and cross-reactivity in cattle infected with anaplasma marginale or a recently described ehrlichia species (bov2010 from british columbia, canada) were investigated. the study used 76 samples from 20 animals, a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for bovine anaplasmosis, and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). blood smear examination and/or polymerase chain reaction assay were performed to confirm or rule out the presence of anap ...201122362799
fatal congenital anaplasmosis associated with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infection in a crossbred calf.clinical disease resulting from the vertical transmission of anaplasma marginale has only been reported on 5 occasions despite studies demonstrating successful in utero transmission. during the reported experimental induction of congenital anaplasmosis in calves, the outcome was variable but mostly led to inapparent or mild infection. there are previous case reports of fatal congenital anaplasmosis following natural infection. the clinical findings in a 2-day-old calf presented to the onderstepo ...201122332304
[inhalant propranolol provocation test: a new method for the differentiation between healthy and asthmatic subjects]. 20113174581
[evaluation of the use of parenteral nutrition in chronic and severe radiation enterocolitis].the effects of parenteral nutrition in the treatment of patients with severe chronic radiation enterocolitis is not known. we retrospectively studied 19 adult patients who received parenteral nutrition during 8.6 +/- 2.4 months (mean +/- sem), including 6 cases in our home-parenteral nutrition-program. parenteral nutrition was started 49 +/- 12 months after radiation therapy; follow-up after parenteral nutrition was 22 +/- 7 months. indication for parenteral nutrition was malnutrition (weight = ...20113106127
interactions of age, gender, and sensorineural hearing loss on abr latency.the interactive effects of gender, age, and degree of sensorineural hearing loss on the absolute latency of wave v of the auditory brain stem response were analyzed in 325 subjects with cochlear loss. norms based on these data were then applied to an analysis of the wave v latencies of 87 subjects with retrocochlear loss. results in the cochlear group revealed interactions between gender and age and between gender and degree of hearing loss. the interactive effect between gender and degree of lo ...20113169397
[enhanced antitumor action of 5-fluorouracil when used in combination with 4-methylmercaptopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine 1-nucleoside].mice bdf1 with l 1210 or mice balb/c with plasmacytoma mops-406 after pretreatment with ineffective doses of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-4-methylmercaptopyrazolo(3,4-d)pyramidin e (25 to 100 mg/kg per 5 days) were treated with 5-fluorouracil at the optimal dose 100 mg per day. this combination produced a 1.5-2-fold or 2 to 4 fold enhancement of the antitumour effect of 5-fluorouracil without simultaneous increase of lethal toxicity.20113181079
nutritional assessment in a surgical practice. 20113131063
the association of smoking with clinical indicators of altered sex steroids--a study of 50,145 women.this study was designed to test the association of smoking with four clinically apparent conditions that may be related to altered sex steroids: natural and induced menopause, infertility, oligomenorrhea, and hirsutism. data were obtained from the personal inventories of 50,145 women ages 20-59 years in tops, a weight reduction program. the age-adjusted odds ratios of each condition for heavy smokers compared with nonsmokers were 1.59 for natural menopause, 1.49 for induced menopause, 1.35 for i ...20113108939
cis-5-alkoxyalkyl-3-phenyl-3-(1h-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-2- methylisoxazolidine derivatives. 20113214079
a long-term prospective study of the use of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. update after a mean of fifty-three months.twenty-five patients have completed a mean of 53 months of treatment with methotrexate (mtx) as part of a prospective study of the long-term safety and efficacy of the drug. since the time of the last report (at a mean of 29 months), the mean dosage of mtx has increased from 12.4 mg/week to 14.6 mg/week, whereas the mean prednisone dosage has decreased from a baseline of 7.1 mg/day to 1.9 mg/day. a significant improvement from baseline in all clinical parameters tested was maintained, and respon ...20113288222
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