Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [pcr detection of the causative agents of infections transmitted by ticks on the kamchatka peninsula]. | there has been recently a rise in referrals for ixodes tick bites in the spring and summer periods in the kamchatka territory. among the dominant tick species, there has been the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus habiting the extensive areas of the southern and central parts of the peninsula. examination of 84 i. persulcatus females collected from human beings and domestic animals in 2003 to 2007 detected dna of the pathogens of tick-borne borreliosis (b. burgdorferi sensu lato), rickettsiasis (r. t ... | 2010 | 21400710 |
| treatment and control of chlamydial and rickettsial infections in sheep and goats. | small ruminants are susceptible to several chlamydial and rickettsial infections. some of them, such as ehrlichia ruminantium, have a great impact on the sheep and goat industry while others, such as coxiella burnetii, are important zoonotic agents. this review focuses on measures of treatment and control for the following organisms: chlamydophila abortus (formerly chlamydia psittaci immunotype 1), coxiella burnetii, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia ruminantium. | 2010 | 21215905 |
| epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in dairy herds from costa rica. | bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in almost all areas of livestock production of costa rica. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in dairy farms of costa rica by the recombinant truncated msp-5 (rmsp-5) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). serum samples were obtained from 733 cattle from 20 commercial dairy herds of costa rica. the overall seroprevalence was 37.2% and herd seroprevalence ranged from 20.0 to 72.0%. the age-specif ... | 2010 | 21236580 |
| expression of heat shock and other stress response proteins in ticks and cultured tick cells in response to anaplasma spp. infection and heat shock. | ticks are ectoparasites of animals and humans that serve as vectors of anaplasma and other pathogens that affect humans and animals worldwide. ticks and the pathogens that they transmit have coevolved molecular interactions involving genetic traits of both the tick and the pathogen that mediate their development and survival. in this paper, the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and other stress response proteins (srps) was characterized in ticks and cultured tick cells by proteomics and t ... | 2010 | 22084679 |
| experimental transmission of field anaplasma marginale and the a. centrale vaccine strain by hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus ticks. | the cattle rickettsia anaplasma marginale is distributed worldwide and is transmitted by about 20 tick species, but only rhipicephalus simus, a strictly african tick species, has been shown to transmit the vaccine strain of a. centrale. the aim of the present study was to examine transmission of field strains of a. marginale and of the vaccine strain of a. centrale by three tick species -hyalomma excavatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus - to susceptible calves. ... | 2009 | 18823724 |
| kawasaki disease and anaplasma sp. infection of an infant in cyprus. | this report describes the case of an infant suffering from kawasaki disease with a concomitant anaplasma sp. infection. further studies are required to demonstrate a possible association between kawasaki disease and bacterial infections. | 2009 | 18848483 |
| prevalence of anaplasma sp. in goats and sheep in cyprus. | a seroprevalence study of anaplasma infection was conducted in a stratified random sample of goats and sheep in cyprus in which the sample locations were recorded using a geographical information system (gis). the aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and other anaplasma species in sheep and goats, and to identify high-risk regions. a total of 689 serum samples (343 from sheep and 346 from goats) were randomly collected and tested for the detection of antib ... | 2009 | 18945185 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum groel gene heterogeneity in ixodes ricinus larvae feeding on roe deer in northeastern italy. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne pathogen with both veterinary and human health implications. the role of wildlife hosts for this pathogen are not well defined, even thought roe deer (capreolus capreolus) has been suggested to contribute to the occurrence of this tick-borne diseases in europe. therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the potential role of this ungulate species as a reservoir of human pathogenic strains of a. phagocytophilum in a tick-borne dis ... | 2009 | 18945191 |
| detection of tick-borne pathogens by masstag polymerase chain reaction. | masstag polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a platform that enables microbe detection using primers labeled through a photocleavable link with tags that vary in molecular weight. after multiplex pcr, tags are released by ultraviolet irradiation and analyzed by mass spectroscopy. the identification of a microbe in a sample is determined by its cognate tags. here we describe establishment and implementation of a masstag pcr panel for surveillance of microbes implicated in tick-vectored infectious d ... | 2009 | 18800864 |
| quantitative differences in salivary pathogen load during tick transmission underlie strain-specific variation in transmission efficiency of anaplasma marginale. | the relative fitness of arthropod-borne pathogens within the vector can be a major determinant of pathogen prevalence within the mammalian host population. strains of the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale differ markedly in transmission efficiency, with a consequent impact on pathogen strain structure. we have identified two a. marginale strains with significant differences in the transmission phenotype that is effected following infection of the salivary gland. we have proposed competin ... | 2009 | 18955472 |
| inoculation of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with ap-v1 or ny-18 strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum and microscopic demonstration of ap-v1 in ixodes scapularis adults that acquired infection from deer as nymphs. | four white-tailed deer were inoculated with either the ap-v1 or ny-18 strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum. ixodes scapularis nymphs were then allowed to acquistion feed on the inoculated deer and molt to adults. only an ap-v1 infected deer was infected persistently and able to infect nymphal ixodes scapularis. molted adult ticks maintained ap-v1 infection as demonstrated by pcr and microscopy. we report, for the first time, a morphologic description of a. phagocytophilum in i. scapularis. | 2009 | 18973438 |
| ectoparasites and associated pathogens of free-roaming and captive animals in zoos of south carolina. | a survey of ectoparasites and their associated pathogens was conducted in two south carolina zoos, from 2004 to 2007. dead, wild birds and mammals, as well as captive animals examined during routine veterinary checks constituted the study populations. ectoparasites were tested for species of anaplasma, bartonella, coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia, rickettsia, and trypanosoma. forty-six species of ectoparasites were collected from 133 free-roaming and captive hosts and their associated nesting and be ... | 2009 | 18973443 |
| detection of antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum in algerian mice (mus spretus), portugal. | the recent detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in portugal stimulated further research on the agent's enzootic cycle, which usually involves rodents. thus a total 322 rodents belonging to five species, including 30 apodemus sylvaticus (wood mouse), 65 mus musculus (house mouse), 194 m. spretus (algerian mouse), 5 rattus norvegicus (brown rat) and 28 r. rattus (black rat), were studied by indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and/or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for a. phagocytophilum expos ... | 2009 | 18973448 |
| parasitism and mutualism in wolbachia: what the phylogenomic trees can and cannot say. | ecological and evolutionary theories predict that parasitism and mutualism are not fixed endpoints of the symbiotic spectrum. rather, parasitism and mutualism may be host or environment dependent, induced by the same genetic machinery, and shifted due to selection. these models presume the existence of genetic or environmental variation that can spur incipient changes in symbiotic lifestyle. however, for obligate intracellular bacteria whose genomes are highly reduced, studies specify that discr ... | 2009 | 18974066 |
| the anaplasma phagocytophilum plec histidine kinase and pled diguanylate cyclase two-component system and role of cyclic di-gmp in host cell infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), has genes predicted to encode three sensor kinases, one of which is annotated plec, and three response regulators, one of which is pled. prior to this study, the roles of plec and pled in the obligatory intracellular parasitism of a. phagocytophilum and their biochemical activities were unknown. the present study illustrates the relevance of these factors by demonstrating that both plec and pled were express ... | 2009 | 18978058 |
| increased prevalence of rickettsia aeschlimannii in castilla y león, spain. | we report the increased prevalence recorded in recent years of rickettsia aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum marginatum ticks removed from human subjects in castilla y león (nw, spain). additionally, a simultaneous infection with r. aeschlimannii and anaplasma phagocytophilum in two h. marginatum marginatum ticks is reported for the first time. | 2009 | 18998174 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases among cattle in the sudan. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of theileria annulata, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina, and anaplasma marginale antibodies among cattle in the sudan. a total of 600 serum samples were collected from indigenous (zebu) and crossbred cattle (zebu x friesian) of both sex and different age groups. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess antibodies against tick-borne diseases in apparently healthy cattle. the overall prevalence rates of t. annulata, t. m ... | 2009 | 19030878 |
| clinical, serological, and molecular evidence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs in tunisia. | a seroepidemiological survey was conducted in five bioclimatic areas of tunisia to determine the prevalence of antibodies to ehrlichia canis and anaplasma phagocytophilum antigens, surrogate markers of the agents of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) and canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. among 286 collected sera, 54.2% and 25.2% were seropositive for e. canis and a. phagocytophilum, respectively, by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) test. clinical and hematological te ... | 2009 | 19018569 |
| cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) goes into host cells--c-di-gmp signaling in the obligate intracellular pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2009 | 19047357 | |
| ultrastructural and fluorochromatic changes of anaplasma marginale exposed to oxytetracycline, imidocarb and enrofloxacin in short-term erythrocyte cultures. | anaplasma marginale causes mild to severe hemoparasitic disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in cattle worldwide. in the absence of universally efficacious vaccines, antimicrobial therapy combined with biocontainment and biosecurity strategies are critical to control anaplasmosis. herein, we compared the effect of oxytetracycline, imidocarb and enrofloxacin on a. marginale isolates in short-term erythrocyte cultures. electron micrographs detailing antimicrobial-induced change ... | 2009 | 19054634 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in a high-risk human population. | 2009 | 19081633 | |
| genetic diversity of major surface protein 1a of anaplasma marginale in beef cattle. | the present study was aimed to demonstrate genotypic diversity of anaplama marginale in infected beef herds grazing within anaplasmosis endemic regions. the genotypic diversity was identified among different herds, within each herd, and also within single animals. the israeli strains revealed unique characteristics of msp1a repeats and, in addition to the published repeats, six new tandem repeats designated is1-5, and is9 were identified. the superinfections of individual anaplama centrale vacci ... | 2009 | 19081688 |
| molecular characterization of two different strains of haemotropic mycoplasmas from a sheep flock with fatal haemolytic anaemia and concomitant anaplasma ovis infection. | after the first outbreak of fatal mycoplasma ovis infection (eperythrozoonosis) in a sheep flock in hungary (1997), a second wave of the disease was noted in 2006, with different seasonal pattern and affected age group, as well as increased mortality (5.5%). the aim of the present study was to molecularly characterize the causative agent and to reveal underlying factors of the second wave of the disease. remarkably, among the 33 sheep examined, 17 were infected with two strains of haemotropic my ... | 2009 | 19091491 |
| use of tick surveys and serosurveys to evaluate pet dogs as a sentinel species for emerging lyme disease. | to evaluate dogs as a sentinel species for emergence of lyme disease in a region undergoing invasion by ixodes scapularis. | 2009 | 19119948 |
| conservation in the face of diversity: multistrain analysis of an intracellular bacterium. | with the recent completion of numerous sequenced bacterial genomes, notable advances have been made in understanding the level of conservation between various species. however, relatively little is known about the genomic diversity among strains. we determined the complete genome sequence of the florida strain of anaplasma marginale, and near complete (>96%) sequences for an additional three strains, for comparative analysis with the previously fully sequenced st. maries strain genome. | 2009 | 19134224 |
| anaplasma marginale infection in a japanese black cow 13 years after eradication of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in okinawa, japan. | in october 2007, a 15-year-old japanese black cow on ishigaki island, okinawa, japan, was diagnosed with anaplasma marginale infection based on clinical symptoms, blood examination, smear observation, 16s rrna and groel gene sequence analysis, and the result of a cf test. the cow was introduced into the farm from mainland japan as a calf in 1993, one year before the eradication of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, the main vector of a. marginale in okinawa prefecture. it is possible that the ... | 2009 | 19135309 |
| prevalence and geographic distribution of dirofilaria immitis, borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in the united states: results of a national clinic-based serologic survey. | we evaluated a comprehensive national database that documents canine infection with, or exposure to, four vector-borne disease agents, dirofilaria immitis, borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in order to assess geographic trends in rates of positive tests. while the percent positive test results varied by agent in different regions of the united states, with d. immitis antigen and antibodies to e. canis more commonly identified in dogs from the south (3.9% and 1. ... | 2009 | 19150176 |
| propagation of a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage in a tick cell line (bme26) derived from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle responsible for the disease anaplasmosis. data suggest that rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and r. annulatus may be the major tick vectors of a. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. in this work we demonstrated the first infection and propagation of a brazilian isolate of a. marginale (ufmg1) in the bme26 cell line derived originally from embryos of r. (boophilus) microplus. the establishment of a. marginale infect ... | 2009 | 19150177 |
| positive selection in tick saliva proteins of the salp15 family. | when taking their blood meal on the mammalian host, ticks transfer a multitude of different proteins from their saliva into the host. some of these proteins are hijacked by pathogens for their own purposes. borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent, is critically dependent on the presence of the tick protein salp15 when infecting the host. similarly, anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes anaplasmosis, needs salp16, a homologue of salp15, to get transferred from the host into the tick. here ... | 2009 | 19159966 |
| pcr survey of vectorborne pathogens in dogs living in and around barcelona, an area endemic for leishmaniasis. | blood samples from 153 dogs living in and around barcelona were assayed for leishmania infantum and ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, hepatozoon, babesia and theileria species by pcr amplification of dna, and the amplicons obtained were sequenced. the prevalence of the infectious agents was l infantum (29.4 per cent), ehrlichia and anaplasma species (4.0 per cent), hepatozoon canis (3.3 per cent), babesia canis vogeli (2.0 per cent), babesia gibsoni (2.0 per cent), babesia canis cani ... | 2009 | 19168881 |
| molecular survey for anaplasma bovis and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle in a pastureland where sika deer appear in hokkaido, japan. | anaplasma bovis and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection were examined by species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction in cattle in a pastureland where sika deer appear in hokkaido, japan. of the 78 cattle examined, 12 (15%) and 1 (1%) tested positive for infection by a. bovis and a. phagocytophilum, respectively. one cattle tested positive for both. a. phagocytophilum infection rates were significantly lower in cattle than in sika deer (46%), but the infection rate by a. bovis was not signi ... | 2009 | 19168967 |
| independence of anaplasma marginale strains with high and low transmission efficiencies in the tick vector following simultaneous acquisition by feeding on a superinfected mammalian reservoir host. | strain superinfection occurs when a second pathogen strain infects a host already carrying a primary strain. anaplasma marginale superinfection occurs when the second strain carries a variant repertoire different from that of the primary strain, and the epidemiologic consequences depend on the relative efficiencies of tick-borne transmission of the two strains. following strain superinfection in the reservoir host, we tested whether the presence of two a. marginale (sensu lato) strains that diff ... | 2009 | 19188360 |
| short report: serologic evidence of human ehrlichiosis in peru. | a serosurvey for human ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum was performed in different regions of peru by using indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifas). regions included an urban community in a shantytown in lima (pampas) and three rural communities located on the northern coast of peru (cura mori), in the southern peruvian andes (cochapata), and in the peruvian jungle region (santo tomas). an overall e. chaffeensis seroprevalence of 13% (21 of 160) was fo ... | 2009 | 19190221 |
| concurrent infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and mycoplasma haemolamae in a young alpaca. | 2009 | 19192148 | |
| natural co-infection of ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma bovis in a deer in south korea. | both ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses are zoonotic, fatal infectious diseases that caused by ticks. white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are important hosts for ehrlichia chaffeensis, anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma-like organisms. in the present study, an evaluation of infection with tick-borne pathogens was conducted using a pcr assay on the blood of a deer that expressed anorexia and decreased activity. the results of the pcr assay revealed natural co-infection of e. chaffeensis an ... | 2009 | 19194084 |
| prevalence of anaplasma marginale in different tick species from ngorongoro crater, tanzania. | in 2001, ngorongoro crater was infested with high density of ticks on grassland, livestock and wildlife which was also associated with high mortality. adult ticks were collected, identified, processed for nucleic acids extraction and a molecular analysis was performed to determine the range of tick species harboring anaplasma marginale. the real-time pcr was used in the amplification of rickettsia dna in tick pools (n=527) from 11 identified tick species. six tick species were detected with a. m ... | 2009 | 19201099 |
| serological and molecular survey of anaplasma species infection in dogs with suspected tickborne disease in portugal. | fifty-five dogs with suspected tickborne disease were tested by immunofluorescence assay and pcr for anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. thirty (54.5 per cent) of the dogs were seropositive and five of them fulfilled the serological criteria for an active infection, with either seroconversion or a fourfold increase in antibody titres. fragments of dna of the expected size were detected by pcr in two seropositive and three seronegative dogs. however, direct amplicon sequencing failed to identify ... | 2009 | 19202169 |
| purification and characterization of arsenite oxidase from arthrobacter sp. | the chemolithoautotroph, arthrobacter sp.15b oxidizes arsenite to arsenate using a membrane bound arsenite oxidase. the enzyme arsenite oxidase is purified to its homogeneity and identified using maldi-tof ms analysis. upon further characterization, it was observed that the enzyme is a heterodimer showing native molecular mass as approximately 100 kda and appeared as two subunits of approximately 85 kda lsu and 14 kda ssu on sds-page. the v(max) and k(m) values of the enzyme was found to be 2.45 ... | 2009 | 19214757 |
| differential expression and glycosylation of anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 2 paralogs during cultivation in sialyl lewis x-deficient host cells. | many microbial pathogens alter expression and/or posttranslational modifications of their surface proteins in response to dynamics within their host microenvironments to retain optimal interactions with their host cells and/or to evade the humoral immune response. anaplasma phagocytophilum is an intragranulocytic bacterium that utilizes sialyl lewis x (sle(x))-modified p-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 as a receptor for infecting myeloid cells. bacterial populations that do not rely on this recep ... | 2009 | 19223475 |
| molecular detection and identification of ehrlichia and anaplasma species in ixodid ticks. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was performed for the presence of ehrlichia and/or anaplasma. a total of 242 ixodid ticks were collected from domestic ruminants and their shelters, as well as humans, and their individual salivary glands were dissected out for dna. from the 242 ticks analyzed, six (2.47%), comprising three hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, one rhipicephalus bursa, and two rhipicephalus sanguineus, were positive. o ... | 2009 | 19247690 |
| cloning, expression, and characterization of the msp1a and msp1b recombinant proteins from pr1 anaplasma marginale strain, brazil. | the anaplasma marginale is a bacterium that has obligate intraerythrocytic multiplication in cattle causing important economic loss. the a. marginale major surface protein 1 (msp1) complex, heterodimer composed of msp1a and msp1b, has been identified as adhesins for bovine erythrocytes. the objectives of this study were to sequences the msp1beta gene and produce and characterize recombinant msp1a and msp1b from a brazilian strain of a. marginale, pr1. the msp1alpha and msp1beta genes from the pr ... | 2009 | 18603273 |
| pcr-based detection of blood parasites in cattle and adult rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. | to ascertain the infection rate for tick-borne pathogens in zambia, an epidemiological survey of theileria parva, babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale in traditionally managed sanga cattle was conducted using pcr. of the 71 native zambian cattle, 28 (39.4%) were positive for t. parva, 16 (22.5%) for b. bigemina and 34 (47.9%) for a. marginale. the mixed infection rate in cattle was 8.5% (6/71), 16.9% (12/71), 7.0% (5/71) and 2.8% (2/71) for t. parva/b. bigemina, t. parva/a. marginale, b. big ... | 2009 | 18700182 |
| development of a mathematical model for mechanical transmission of trypanosomes and other pathogens of cattle transmitted by tabanids. | mechanical transmission of pathogens by biting insects is a non-specific phenomenon in which pathogens are transmitted from the blood of an infected host to another host during interrupted feeding of the insects. a large range of pathogens can be mechanically transmitted, e.g. hemoparasites, bacteria and viruses. some pathogens are almost exclusively mechanically transmitted, while others are also cyclically transmitted. for agents transmitted both cyclically and mechanically (mixed transmission ... | 2009 | 18755195 |
| molecular evaluation of the incidence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys and babesia spp. in dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichiacanis is endemic in many regions of brazil. since thrombocytopenia is a common finding in infected dogs, many clinicians tend to use it as an indication for antibiotic treatment. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr were used to study the presence of e. canis, anaplasma platys and babesia spp. in thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil. despite the high prevalence of e. canis infection among thrombocyto ... | 2009 | 17920967 |
| [effect of coinfections in ixodidae ticks on transmission of blood microparasites]. | the purpose of this review was to describe and discuss the current spectrum of coinfections in ixodidae ticks and their effects on the transmission of blood microparasites. coinfections with borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and anaplasma phagocytophilum and/or babesia sp. in ticks from poland appear to be common, however, the potential influence on transmission dynamics, the mechanism of genetic variation and the ecology of interactions between pathogens remain poorly understood compared with infectio ... | 2009 | 20209806 |
| [identification of anaplasma phagocytophilum in small mammals from hengduan mountains of southwest china.]. | to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in small mammals from the forest area of hengduan mountains in southwestern china. | 2009 | 20193314 |
| [comparison of nested-pcr with blood smear examination in detection of ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys in dogs]. | the clinical signs of ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys infection are similar, and the diagnosis of these pathogens made by stained blood smears is poor due sensibility and specificity. on the other hand, the molecular diagnosis is highly sensitive and specific and nested-pcr have been optimized for accurate diagnosis these pathogens in dogs. at the veterinary teaching hospital, whole-blood samples with edta were obtained from 100 dogs and smears were made from blood samples for evaluation fo ... | 2009 | 20040193 |
| molecular diagnosis of anaplasmataceae organisms in dogs with clinical and microscopical signs of ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichioses are important emerging zoonotic tick-borne diseases that can affect both animals and humans. clinical manifestations of ehrlichiosis caused by different members of anaplasmataceae in dogs are similar to each other and to other diseases showing systemic manifestation. the observation of inclusions in white blood cells and in platelets cannot be used to confirm the anaplasmataceae etiologic agent of the disease. in this work we assessed the presence of anaplasmataceae agents in 51 dog ... | 2009 | 20040204 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene of anaplasma species detected from japanese serows (capricornis crispus). | nineteen blood samples collected from free-living japanese serows, capricornis crispus, between 2006 and 2008 in iwate prefecture were examined for the anaplasma infection by pcr amplification of a part of the 16s rrna gene. ten (52.6%) out of the 19 samples produced a visible band in electrophoresed agarose gels. positive pcr products were subjected to dna sequencing. we found the nucleotide sequences were identical. almost entire length of the 16s rrna gene for a representative stain was then ... | 2009 | 20046041 |
| occurrence of igg antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans suspected of lyme borreliosis in eastern slovakia. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are tick-borne and emerging infectious diseases caused by the anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi species. in europe, including slovakia, the principal vector of both pathogens is the common tick - ixodes ricinus, in which double infections with these pathogens have been reported. the aim of our study was evidence of igg antibodies against a. phagocytophilum in blood sera of humans with suspects lb from several clinic ... | 2009 | 20047263 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the investigation of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection covered 111 red foxes from the mazovian province. determination was based on pcr amplification of 16s rrna gene and the portion of msp4 gene coding msp4 major surface protein. the presence of a. phagocytophilum was found in 2.7 % of foxes. | 2009 | 20047265 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in danish sheep: confirmation by dna sequencing. | the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, an ixodes ricinus transmitted bacterium, was investigated in two flocks of danish grazing lambs. direct pcr detection was performed on dna extracted from blood and serum with subsequent confirmation by dna sequencing. | 2009 | 20025738 |
| antigen diversity in the parasitic bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum arises from selectively-represented, spatially clustered functional pseudogenes. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a tick-transmitted bacterial pathogen of humans and other animals, and is an obligate intracellular parasite. throughout the course of infection, hosts acquire temporary resistance to granulocytic anaplasmosis as they develop immunity specific for the major antigen, major surface protein 2 (msp2). however, the bacterium then utilizes a novel recombination mechanism shuffling functional pseudogenes sequentially into an expression cassette with conserved 5' and 3' ends ... | 2009 | 20016821 |
| detection of babesia canis subspecies and other arthropod-borne diseases in dogs from tirana, albania. | summary. the importance of arthropod-borne diseases increased in the recent past in particular due to frequent travel with dogs in or by importing of dogs from regions with endemic occurrence of these diseases. while the epidemiological situation is well known for the western parts of the mediterranean, only limited data is available for eastern europe and the balkans. thirty clinically healthy dogs from suburban areas of tirana, albania, were tested for babesia canis, hepatozoon spp., leishmani ... | 2009 | 19915816 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in questing ixodes ricinus ticks in relation to the density of wild cervids. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum have been considered as pathogens in animals and humans. the role of wild cervids in the epidemiology is not clear. we analyzed questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in spring for these pathogens from sites with high (fjelløyvaer and strøm) and low density (tjore, hinnebu and jomfruland) of wild cervids to study the spread of the pathogens in questing ticks. | 2009 | 19943915 |
| tick-borne agents in rodents, china, 2004-2006. | a total of 705 rodents from 6 provinces and autonomous regions of mainland people's republic of china were tested by pcrs for tick-borne agents (anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, spotted fever group rickettsiae, and francisella tularensis). infection rates were 5.5%, 6.7%, 9.1% and 5.0%, respectively. eighteen (2.6%) rodents of 10 species were positive for 2 or 3 agents. sequence analysis of pcr products confirmed the presence and genotypes of detected agents. these fin ... | 2009 | 19961668 |
| delineating anaplasma phagocytophilum ecotypes in coexisting, discrete enzootic cycles. | the emerging tick-borne pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum is under increasing scrutiny for the existence of subpopulations that are adapted to different natural cycles. here, we characterized the diversity of a. phagocytophilum genotypes circulating in a natural system that includes multiple hosts and at least 2 tick species, ixodes ricinus and the small mammal specialist i. trianguliceps. we encountered numerous genotypes, but only 1 in rodents, with the remainder limited to deer and host-seek ... | 2009 | 19961674 |
| persistence mechanisms in tick-borne diseases. | the use of new, highly sensitive diagnostic methods has revealed persistent infections to be a common feature of different tick-borne diseases, such as babesiosis, anaplasmosis and heartwater. antigenic variation can contribute to disease persistence through the continual elaboration of new surface structures, and we know in several instances how this is achieved. known or suspected mechanisms of persistence in babesial parasites include cytoadhesion and rapid variation of the adhesive ligand in ... | 2009 | 19967928 |
| sir arnold theiler and the discovery of anaplasmosis: a centennial perspective. | sir arnold theiler's research in 1908/09 led to the discovery of the first rickettsial pathogen, anaplasma marginale, and set the stage for his development and implementation of an effective live vaccine based on a less virulent strain, a. marginale ss. centrale. his 1910 report, describing a. marginale, is among the classic monographs in infectious disease research, presenting not only observations in exacting detail but also highlighting the deductive reasoning leading to association of a new ... | 2009 | 19967931 |
| emergence of tick-borne granulocytic anaplasmosis associated with habitat type and forest change in northern california. | an important ecosystem service of intact forests is protection from some emerging infectious diseases. tick-transmitted disease granulocytic anaplasmosis increasingly occupies second-growth forest. we hypothesized that areas of second growth would have increases in tick and rodent abundance, facilitating emergence of anaplasmosis. we predicted anaplasma phagocytophilum presence as a function of biocomplexity and forest structure, including vegetation, ticks, and rodents in four sites in californ ... | 2009 | 19996448 |
| [pandora's box: pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks in central europe]. | among the various species of hard ticks, ixodes ricinus is the most frequently found tick throughout europe. as with other ixodid ticks, the developmental cycle runs through three stages. in each stage a blood meal is required in order to develop to the next stage. ixodes ricinus has been found to feed on more than 300 different vertebrate species. usually, larval ticks feed on small mammals such as mice and become infected with various microorganisms and viruses, of which some are substantial p ... | 2009 | 19998007 |
| the first detection of babesia eu1 and babesia canis canis in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari, ixodidae) collected in urban and rural areas in northern poland. | ixodes ricinus, the most commonly observed tick species in poland, is a known vector of such pathogenic microorganisms as tbe viruses, borrelia burgdoferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia helvetica, babesia divergens and b. microti in our country. our study aimed to find out whether this tick can also transmit other babesiae of medical and veterinary importance. dna extracts of 1392 ticks (314 nymphs, 552 male and 526 female ticks) collected in urban and rural areas in the pomer ... | 2009 | 19899616 |
| granulocytic anaplasmosis in three dogs from saskatoon, saskatchewan. | three dogs from saskatoon, saskatchewan were diagnosed with acute granulocytic anaplasmosis. fever, lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea, and lameness were reported. lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly were identified in all dogs. inclusions were identified within the cytoplasm of blood neutrophils, and infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. | 2009 | 19881921 |
| superinfection occurs in anaplasma phagocytophilum infected sheep irrespective of infection phase and protection status. | anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in domestic ruminants is widespread in the coastal areas of southern norway. the bacteria may persist in mammalian hosts. several genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum exist. in the present study, we investigate whether superinfection occurs in the acute and persistent phase of the infection. | 2009 | 19857248 |
| babesia canis and other tick-borne infections in dogs in central poland. | vector-borne infections constitute increasing health problem in dogs worldwide, including sled dogs, dramatically decreasing the fitness of working dogs and even leading to death. in the period 2006-2008 eighty-two blood samples were collected from eight sled dog kennels in central poland. the prevalence of four vector-borne infections (babesia canis, bartonella sp., anaplasma/ehrlichia and borrelia burgdorferi) was estimated in 82 sled dogs using pcr and nested pcr for diagnosis and the same me ... | 2009 | 19837515 |
| protective efficacy of bacterial membranes containing surface-exposed bm95 antigenic peptides for the control of cattle tick infestations. | the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 and bm95 glycoproteins are homologous proteins that protect cattle against tick infestations. in this study, we demonstrated that the recombinant chimeric protein comprising tick bm95 immunogenic peptides fused to the a. marginale msp1a n-terminal region for presentation on the escherichia coli membrane was protective against r. microplus infestations in rabbits. this system provides a novel and simple approach for the production of tick protective an ... | 2009 | 19835826 |
| a first case of ehrlichiosis in a horse in poland. | the study was aimed at determining the cause of a disease in a horse exhibiting symptoms of fever, joint effusion, weakness, and extravasations on the mucous membranes. blood was drawn from the animal for haematological and biochemical molecular tests. the pcr technique revealed the presence of 16s rna ehrlichia spp. genetic material in the blood samples. dna amplification by means of primers ehr 521 and ehr 747 gave a product with a volume of 247 bp.the sequence of the pcr product obtained show ... | 2009 | 19813450 |
| ticks and haemoparasites of dogs from praia, cape verde. | in february 2008 an epidemiological field study on arthropod-borne infections in dogs was carried out in praia, the capital city of cape verde. for this purpose 130 dogs were included in the study. of these, 94.6% were infested with ticks. altogether, 1293 ticks of the genus rhipicephalus (in all evaluated cases r. sanguineus) were collected. examination for haemotropic parasites was performed via polymerase chain reaction (pcr). lymph node fine-needle aspirates were screened by pcr for leishman ... | 2009 | 19729247 |
| thymidylate kinase: the lost chemotherapeutic target. | here we highlight the unusual substrate specificity of plasmodium falciparum thymidylate kinase (pftmk) and the validity of the enzyme as a new drug target. furthermore, we predict that the anaplasma marginale enzyme has attractive domain constituents and may be functionally different from other tmpks. we postulate that thymidylate kinases could have multiple attractive functions in pathogens and may be a new drug target against numerous microorganisms. | 2009 | 19749371 |
| canine granulocytic anaplasmosis: a review. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging pathogen of humans, horses, and dogs worldwide that is transmitted by ixodid ticks and maintained in a variety of small wild mammal species. recent studies suggest that multiple strains of a. phagocytophilum may be circulating in wild and domestic animal populations, and these strains may have differential host tropisms and pathogenicity. the organism infects and survives within neutrophils by disabling key neutrophil functions, including neutrophil motil ... | 2009 | 19761477 |
| failure to demonstrate babesia, anaplasma or ehrlichia in thrombocytopenic dogs from st kitts. | thrombocytopenia is common in dogs on st kitts but there is no data on the possible etiological role played by infections with anaplasma, babesia and ehrlichia, other than e. canis, which are known to occur in the caribbean. | 2009 | 19762975 |
| effect of prescribed fire for tick control in california chaparral. | prescribed fire was investigated as a method for controlling ixodid and argasid ticks in chaparral habitats in northern california. two experimental and two adjacent control plots within a wildlife preserve were monitored for 1 yr postburn. ticks were collected by flagging vegetation, by co2-baited pitfall trap, and by live-trapping rodents. twice as many rodents were caught at control sites compared with burn sites and no dusky-footed woodrats, neotoma fuscipes baird, were found in the treatmen ... | 2009 | 19769046 |
| anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis - maine, 2008. | anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are rickettsial tickborne diseases that have had at least a twofold increase in prevalence in the united states since 2000. despite similar clinical presentations, the causative organisms are carried by different ticks with distinct geographic and ecologic associations. surveillance efforts are complicated by ambiguous terminology and serologic testing with antibody cross-reactivity. although anaplasmosis historically has been reported in maine, ehrlichiosis has bee ... | 2009 | 19779398 |
| molecular epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis with a particular focus in mexico. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsia anaplasma marginale, has a worldwide distribution and is the cause of great economic losses in developing countries where it is highly endemic. transmission is carried mainly by ixodid ticks: dermacentor spp. and rhipicephalus (boophilus) spp. mechanical transmission is important in disseminating the disease within and across herds. the relationship between the rickettsia, the host and the vector is complex. several surface proteins (msps) have been ... | 2009 | 19786123 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia muris induce cytopenias and global defects in hematopoiesis. | 2009 | 19793126 | |
| 'nothing is permanent but change'- antigenic variation in persistent bacterial pathogens. | pathogens persist in immunocompetent mammalian hosts using various strategies, including evasion of immune effectors by antigenic variation. among highly antigenically variant bacteria, gene conversion is used to generate novel expressed variants from otherwise silent donor sequences. recombination using oligonucleotide segments from multiple donors is a combinatorial mechanism that tremendously expands the variant repertoire, allowing thousands of variants to be generated from a relatively smal ... | 2009 | 19709057 |
| structural analysis of a p44/msp2 expression site of anaplasma phagocytophilum in naturally infected ticks in japan. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, infects neutrophils and causes an emerging tickborne febrile disease. the genome of this bacterium contains a large number of p44/msp2-related genes encoding 44 kda major outer-membrane proteins, and it is known that a specific p44/msp2 gene is predominantly transcribed from a single expression locus. this study successfully characterized the genomic expression site for p44/msp2 (3.8 kb) in uncultured a. phagocytophilum from ... | 2009 | 19713360 |
| phylogeographic analysis reveals association of tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, msp1a sequences with ecological traits affecting tick vector performance. | the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale, which is endemic worldwide, is the type species of the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae). rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is the most important tick vector of a. marginale in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. despite extensive characterization of the genetic diversity in a. marginale geographic strains using major surface protein sequences, little is known about the biogeography and evolution of a. marginale and other a ... | 2009 | 19723295 |
| lack of evidence for perinatal transmission of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis from a bitch to her offspring. | granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease affecting dogs and humans in the united states and other regions of the world. relatively few cases have been described in pregnant women, and perinatal transmission appears to occur infrequently in humans. infection in pregnant dogs has not been reported. diagnosis of infection during pregnancy poses therapeutic challenges, because doxycycline, the treatment of choice, is teratogenic. also, infection during pregnancy may result in more ... | 2009 | 19723846 |
| current management of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii are emerging tick-borne pathogens and are the causative agents of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis and e. ewingii ehrlichiosis, respectively. collectively, these are referred to as human ehrlichioses. these obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens of the family anaplasmataceae are transmitted by ixodes spp. or amblyomma americanum ticks and infect peripherally circulating leukocytes to cause inf ... | 2009 | 19681699 |
| generation of antigenic variants via gene conversion: evidence for recombination fitness selection at the locus level in anaplasma marginale. | multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate antigenically variant surface proteins to evade immune clearance and establish persistent infection. both the donor alleles that encode the variants following recombination into an expression site and the donor loci themselves are under evolutionary selection: the alleles that encode variants that are sufficiently antigenically unique yet retain growth fitness and the loci that allow efficient recombination. we examin ... | 2009 | 19487473 |
| transovarial transmission of francisella-like endosymbionts and anaplasma phagocytophilum variants in dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae). | dermacentor albipictus (packard) is a north american tick that feeds on cervids and livestock. it is a suspected vector of anaplasmosis in cattle, but its microbial flora and vector potential remain underevaluated. we screened d. albipictus ticks collected from minnesota white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) for bacteria of the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, francisella, and rickettsia using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) gene amplification and sequence analyses. we detected anaplasma phagoc ... | 2009 | 19496436 |
| [seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in cattle from center-south region of paraná state, brazil by a competitive elisa test with recombinant msp5-pr1 protein]. | anaplasma marginale prevalence was determined in 223 sera samples in 2-year old or older cattle, from the center-southern region of the paraná state, including ponta grossa, guarapuava and laranjeiras do sul municipalities. a survey of antibodies igg class against anaplasma marginale was performed through a competitive immune absorbent assay (celisa-pr1). from the 223 sera examined, 130 (58.74%) reacted to celisa-pr1 test, suggesting an region of enzootic instability, with a significant percenta ... | 2009 | 19500456 |
| diversity of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains, usa. | we analyzed the structure of the expression site encoding the immunoprotective protein msp2/p44 from multiple anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in the united states. the sequence of p44esup1 had diverged in ap-variant 1 strains infecting ruminants. in contrast, no differences were detected between a. phagocytophilum strains infecting humans and domestic dogs. | 2009 | 19523294 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs: 34 cases (2000-2007). | objective- to determine demographic characteristics of dogs from the upper midwest infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum and identify clinical and clinicopathologic abnormalities and response to treatment. design- retrospective case series and owner telephone survey. animals- 34 dogs with granulocytic anaplasmosis. procedures- records were reviewed for information on signalment, history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic and serologic findings, and treatment. owners were contact ... | 2009 | 19527130 |
| the differential interaction of brucella and ochrobactrum with innate immunity reveals traits related to the evolution of stealthy pathogens. | during evolution, innate immunity has been tuned to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. however, some alpha-proteobacteria are stealthy intracellular pathogens not readily detected by this system. brucella members follow this strategy and are highly virulent, but other brucellaceae like ochrobactrum are rhizosphere inhabitants and only opportunistic pathogens. to gain insight into the emergence of the stealthy strategy, we compared these two phylogenetically close but biologically ... | 2009 | 19529776 |
| type iv secretion system of anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis. | the intracellular bacterial pathogens ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophilum have evolved to infect leukocytes and hijack biological compounds and processes of these host defensive cells. bacterial type iv secretion (t4s) system transports macromolecules across the membrane in an atp-dependent manner and is increasingly recognized as a virulence factor delivery mechanism that allows pathogens to modulate eukaryotic cell functions for their own benefit. genes encoding t4s system homo ... | 2009 | 19538269 |
| epigenetic silencing of host cell defense genes enhances intracellular survival of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum. | intracellular bacteria have evolved mechanisms that promote survival within hostile host environments, often resulting in functional dysregulation and disease. using the anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected granulocyte model, we establish a link between host chromatin modifications, defense gene transcription and intracellular bacterial infection. infection of thp-1 cells with a. phagocytophilum led to silencing of host defense gene expression. histone deacetylase 1 (hdac1) expression, activity an ... | 2009 | 19543390 |
| rickettsia raoultii and anaplasma phagocytophilum in dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected from bialowieza primeval forest european bison (bison bonasus bonasus), poland. | 2009 | 19548992 | |
| tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in ticks collected from central spain. | the prevalence of tick-borne and related bacteria infecting adult ticks in central spain was assessed by molecular methods. six areas were sampled monthly during a 2-year longitudinal study. a total of 1,038 questing and 442 feeding ticks, belonging to eight different species, were tested. the most abundant species were hyalomma lusitanicum (54% of captures), followed by dermacentor marginatus (23%) and rhipicephalus sanguineus (10%). four human pathogens, including seven rickettsia species, ana ... | 2009 | 19556569 |
| infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum induces multilineage alterations in hematopoietic progenitor cells and peripheral blood cells. | infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum, a gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide (lps)-negative, obligate intracellular bacterium, results in multiple peripheral blood cytopenias. we hypothesized that infection with this organism would result in decreased bone marrow (bm) function and shifts in hematopoietic progenitor cells (hpcs) and lineage-committed cells in a well-established murine model of infection. hpcs and lineage-committed progenitors were enumerated in the bm and spleen during acute inf ... | 2009 | 19564373 |
| [anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a cat in switzerland]. | the following case report describes the diagnosis and therapy of a cat with an anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. the cat from the canton of st. gallen was presented because of lethargy and lack of appetite. the clinical symptoms established were fever and minor exsiccosis. the diagnosis of granulocytic anaplasmosis was established through microscopic evidence of inclusion bodies in neutrophil granulocytes, the detection of pathogen dna in the blood by pcr and positive igm and igg antibody tit ... | 2009 | 19565457 |
| detectability of tick-borne agents dna in the blood of dogs, undergoing treatment for borreliosis. | in the wake of controversies surrounding the usefulness of pcr in the diagnostics of borreliosis, the aim of the presented study was to monitor the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. in dogs with clinical borreliosis in the course of relevant treatment. the monitoring was based on detecting borrelia's dna before- (study i), during- (study ii), and after completion of the therapy (study iii). in addition, to rule out possible coinfections, the dogs' blood was examined for the presence of anaplasma, ... | 2009 | 19572472 |
| current surveys on the prevalence and distribution of dirofilaria spp. in dogs in germany. | the central upper-rhine (baden-württemberg, germany) is one of the warmest regions in germany and also harbours abundant numbers of mosquitoes. case reports on presumably autochthonous occurrence of dirofilaria spp. were reported previously and were a reason for a further investigation into the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens. for this purpose, 44 hunting dogs from the central upper-rhine region were tested between 4(th) and 29(th) june 2007. the blood samples were tested using the knott's ... | 2009 | 19575227 |
| occurrence of dirofilaria immitis and tick-borne infections caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and ehrlichia canis in domestic dogs in france: results of a countrywide serologic survey. | the occurrence of dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies against tick-borne pathogens in french dogs has been analysed based on 1,050 blood samples. serum samples of 919 dogs (group a) were sent for a variety of diagnostic investigations, further 131 dogs (group b) were tested for a tentative diagnosis of heartworm disease. all samples were tested for d. immitis antigen. samples in group a were also tested for specific antibodies against three tick-borne pathogens (anaplasma phagocytophilum, ... | 2009 | 19575231 |
| validation and field assessment of a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale. | the lateral flow assay (lfa) is a rapid diagnostic test which may be performed under most conditions and is especially useful for field applications. this type of assay was applied to the detection of antibody to bovine anaplasma marginale using sera from endemic areas and from areas which have been free from infection for more than 25 years. briefly, the test uses recombinant a. marginale major surface protein 5 peptide (msp5), immobilized on a cellulose acetate membrane. a serum sample is adde ... | 2009 | 19591044 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum dense-cored organisms mediate cellular adherence through recognition of human p-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects granulocytes to cause human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the susceptibilities of human neutrophils and promyelocytic hl-60 cells to a. phagocytophilum are linked to bacterial usage of p-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (psgl-1) as a receptor for adhesion and entry. a. phagocytophilum undergoes a biphasic developmental cycle, transitioning between a smaller electron dense-cored cell (dc), which has a dense nucleoid, and a l ... | 2009 | 19596771 |
| [cloning, expression, molecular characterization of the msp5 protein from pr1 strain of anaplasma marginale and its application in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent test]. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent test using the pr1 recombinant major surface protein 5 (rmsp5-pr1-elisa) of anaplasma marginale was standardized and validated using sera from anaplasmosis free and endemic regions. the sequencing of the msp5 gene of pr1 isolate showed 98% of identity with the florida and saint maries isolates, 97% with brazil (pernambuco) and havana isolates; and 91% with a. centrale. the celisa-pr1 test was compared to ifi and celisa-usa. for the standardization and va ... | 2009 | 19602309 |
| silencing of genes involved in anaplasma marginale-tick interactions affects the pathogen developmental cycle in dermacentor variabilis. | the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale, undergoes a developmental cycle in ticks that begins in gut cells. transmission to cattle occurs from salivary glands during a second tick feeding. at each site of development two forms of a. marginale (reticulated and dense) occur within a parasitophorous vacuole in the host cell cytoplasm. however, the role of tick genes in pathogen development is unknown. four genes, found in previous studies to be differentially expressed in dermacentor variabilis ti ... | 2009 | 19607704 |
| [assessment of rate of infection with agents of bacterial infections in ticks captured on one of the moscow park terrains]. | to study the rate of infection of ticks captured one of the moscow park terrains with bacteria (agents of tick borreliosis and anaplasmosis). | 2009 | 19621812 |