Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| sequence-based screening for rare enzymes: new insights into the world of amdases reveal a conserved motif and 58 novel enzymes clustering in eight distinct families. | arylmalonate decarboxylases (amdases, ec 4.1.1.76) are very rare and mostly underexplored enzymes. currently only four known and biochemically characterized representatives exist. however, their ability to decarboxylate α-disubstituted malonic acid derivatives to optically pure products without cofactors makes them attractive and promising candidates for the use as biocatalysts in industrial processes. until now, amdases could not be separated from other members of the aspartate/glutamate racema ... | 2016 | 27610105 |
| biochemical and structural analysis of a novel esterase from caulobacter crescentus related to penicillin-binding protein (pbp). | considering that the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria is largely increasing, a thorough understanding of penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) is of great importance and crucial significance because this enzyme family is a main target of β-lactam-based antibiotics. in this work, combining biochemical and structural analysis, we present new findings that provide novel insights into pbps. here, a novel pbp homologue (ccesta) from caulobacter crescentus cb15 was characterized usi ... | 2016 | 27905486 |
| genome sequence of enterobacter sp. st3, a quorum sensing bacterium associated with marine dinoflagellate. | phycosphere environment is a typical marine niche, harbor diverse populations of microorganisms, which are thought to play a critical role in algae host and influence mutualistic and competitive interactions. understanding quorum sensing-based acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl) language may shed light on the interaction between algal-associated microbial communities in the native environment. in this work, we isolated an epidermal bacterium (was tentatively named enterobacter sp. st3, and deposited i ... | 2016 | 26981407 |
| zymomonas mobilis as a model system for production of biofuels and biochemicals. | zymomonas mobilis is a natural ethanologen with many desirable industrial biocatalyst characteristics. in this review, we will discuss work to develop z. mobilis as a model system for biofuel production from the perspectives of substrate utilization, development for industrial robustness, potential product spectrum, strain evaluation and fermentation strategies. this review also encompasses perspectives related to classical genetic tools and emerging technologies in this context. | 2016 | 27629544 |
| metabolic engineering of zymomonas mobilis for 2,3-butanediol production from lignocellulosic biomass sugars. | to develop pathways for advanced biofuel production, and to understand the impact of host metabolism and environmental conditions on heterologous pathway engineering for economic advanced biofuels production from biomass, we seek to redirect the carbon flow of the model ethanologen zymomonas mobilis to produce desirable hydrocarbon intermediate 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bdo). 2,3-bdo is a bulk chemical building block, and can be upgraded in high yields to gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. | 2016 | 27594916 |
| recombinant l-asparaginase from zymomonas mobilis: a potential new antileukemic agent produced in escherichia coli. | l-asparaginase is an enzyme used as a chemotherapeutic agent, mainly for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. in this study, the gene of l-asparaginase from zymomonas mobilis was cloned in pet vectors, fused to a histidine tag, and had its codons optimized. the l-asparaginase was expressed extracellularly and intracellularly (cytoplasmically) in escherichia coli in far larger quantities than obtained from the microorganism of origin, and sufficient for initial cytotoxicity tests on leukemic ce ... | 2016 | 27253887 |
| structural insights into the escherichia coli lysine decarboxylases and molecular determinants of interaction with the aaa+ atpase rava. | the inducible lysine decarboxylase ldci is an important enterobacterial acid stress response enzyme whereas ldcc is its close paralogue thought to play mainly a metabolic role. a unique macromolecular cage formed by two decamers of the escherichia coli ldci and five hexamers of the aaa+ atpase rava was shown to counteract acid stress under starvation. previously, we proposed a pseudoatomic model of the ldci-rava cage based on its cryo-electron microscopy map and crystal structures of an inactive ... | 2016 | 27080013 |
| multiplex strand invasion based amplification (msiba) assay for detection of chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae. | nucleic acid amplification tests have become a common method for diagnosis of stis due to their improved sensitivity over immunoassays and traditional culture-based methods. isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods offer significant advantages over polymerase chain reaction (pcr) because they do not require sophisticated instruments needed for thermal cycling of pcr. we recently reported a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification method, strand invasion-based amplification (siba), which ... | 2016 | 26837460 |
| a review of global initiatives to fight antibiotic resistance and recent antibiotics׳ discovery. | data from across the world have shown an overall decline in the antibiotic pipeline and continually rising resistance to all first-line and last-resort antibiotics. the gaps in our knowledge of existing prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (abr) are all too well known. several decades of antibiotic abuse in humans, animals, and agricultural practices have created health emergency situations and huge socio-economic impact. this paper discusses key findings of the studies conducted b ... | 2016 | 27818921 |
| global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology, genetic context, treatment options, and detection methods. | the emergence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. in particular, the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae is a major source of concern. k. pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpcs) and carbapenemases of the oxacillinase-48 (oxa-48) type have been reported worldwide. new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm) carbapenemases were originally identified in sweden in 2008 and have spread worldwide rapidly. in this review, w ... | 2016 | 27379038 |
| contribution of the ade resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pumps to fitness and pathogenesis of acinetobacter baumannii. | overexpression of chromosomal resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd)-type efflux systems with broad substrate specificity contributes to multidrug resistance (mdr) in acinetobacter baumannii we have shown that modulation of expression of the structural genes for the efflux systems adeabc and adeijk confers mdr and results in numerous alterations of membrane-associated cellular functions, in particular biofilm formation. however, the contribution of these rnd pumps to cell fitness and virulenc ... | 2016 | 27247231 |
| cdia effectors from uropathogenic escherichia coli use heterotrimeric osmoporins as receptors to recognize target bacteria. | many gram-negative bacterial pathogens express contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) systems that promote cell-cell interaction. cdi+ bacteria express surface cdia effector proteins, which transfer their c-terminal toxin domains into susceptible target cells upon binding to specific receptors. cdi+ cells also produce immunity proteins that neutralize the toxin domains delivered from neighboring siblings. here, we show that cdiaec536 from uropathogenic escherichia coli 536 (ec536) uses ompc a ... | 2016 | 27723824 |
| splenic abscess owing to cancer at the splenic flexure: a case report and comprehensive review. | the cancer of the splenic flexure of the colon is a rare medical entity with severe morbidity because of its insidious onset. | 2016 | 27661050 |
| the epidemiologic, microbiologic and clinical picture of bacteremia among febrile infants and young children managed as outpatients at the emergency room, before and after initiation of the routine anti-pneumococcal immunization. | we described the occult bacteremia (ob) and bacteremia with diagnosed focus (bwf) picture among children managed as outpatients at the pediatric emergency room (per) in southern israel, before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs) introduction in a retrospective study enrolling all three- to 36-month-old patients with fever >38.0 °c during 2005-2014. of 511 (0.82% of all febrile patients) true bacteremias, 230 (45%) were managed as outpatients; 96 of 230 (41.7%) ha ... | 2016 | 27447651 |
| cdi systems are stably maintained by a cell-contact mediated surveillance mechanism. | contact-dependent growth inhibition (cdi) systems are widespread amongst gram-negative bacteria where they play important roles in inter-cellular competition and biofilm formation. cdi+ bacteria use cell-surface cdia proteins to bind neighboring bacteria and deliver c-terminal toxin domains. cdi+ cells also express cdii immunity proteins that specifically neutralize toxins delivered from adjacent siblings. genomic analyses indicate that cdi loci are commonly found on plasmids and genomic islands ... | 2016 | 27355474 |
| noncanonical dna-binding mode of repressor and its disassembly by antirepressor. | dna-binding repressors are involved in transcriptional repression in many organisms. disabling a repressor is a crucial step in activating expression of desired genes. thus, several mechanisms have been identified for the removal of a stably bound repressor (rep) from the operator. here, we describe an uncharacterized mechanism of noncanonical dna binding and induction by a rep from the temperate salmonella phage spc32h; this mechanism was revealed using the crystal structures of homotetrameric ... | 2016 | 27099293 |
| towards improving point-of-care diagnosis of non-malaria febrile illness: a metabolomics approach. | non-malaria febrile illnesses such as bacterial bloodstream infections (bsi) are a leading cause of disease and mortality in the tropics. however, there are no reliable, simple diagnostic tests for identifying bsi or other severe non-malaria febrile illnesses. we hypothesized that different infectious agents responsible for severe febrile illness would impact on the host metabolome in different ways, and investigated the potential of plasma metabolites for diagnosis of non-malaria febrile illnes ... | 2016 | 26943791 |
| diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections: a 16s metagenomics approach. | bacterial bloodstream infection (bbsi) is one of the leading causes of death in critically ill patients and accurate diagnosis is therefore crucial. we here report a 16s metagenomics approach for diagnosing and understanding bbsi. | 2016 | 26927306 |
| the delta high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio: a novel parameter for gram-negative sepsis. | to study changes in blood lipid metabolism in sepsis patients, especially high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) changes in the diagnosis of sepsis and the type of bacteria involved. | 2016 | 27462492 |
| common lung microbiome identified among mechanically ventilated surgical patients. | the examination of the pulmonary microbiome in patients with non-chronic disease states has not been extensively examined. traditional culture based screening methods are often unable to identify bacteria from bronchoalveolar lavage samples. the advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies allows for a culture-independent molecular based analysis to determine the microbial composition in the lung of this patient population. for this study, the ion torrent pgm system was used to assess ... | 2016 | 27898681 |
| effect of high n-acetylcysteine concentrations on antibiotic activity against a large collection of respiratory pathogens. | the effect of high n-acetylcysteine (nac) concentrations (10 and 50 mm) on antibiotic activity against 40 strains of respiratory pathogens was investigated. nac compromised the activity of carbapenems (of mostly imipenem and, to lesser extents, meropenem and ertapenem) in a dose-dependent fashion. we demonstrated chemical instability of carbapenems in the presence of nac. with other antibiotics, 10 mm nac had no major effects, while 50 mm nac sporadically decreased (ceftriaxone and aminoglycosid ... | 2016 | 27736757 |
| shifted focus of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected thoracic malignancy: an analysis of 224 patients. | bronchoscopies are extensively adopted for diagnosing and staging thoracic malignancies, but studies are missing as how to keep the process streamlined and more efficient. to evaluate current role of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) for cancer and possible infection diagnosis when practicing comprehensive bronchoscopy for patients suspected with thoracic malignancy, and provide foundation for possible practice modification. | 2016 | 28066604 |
| cytotoxicity of methanol extracts of annona muricata, passiflora edulis and nine other cameroonian medicinal plants towards multi-factorial drug-resistant cancer cell lines. | cancer cells rapidly acquire resistance leading to treatment failures. in the present study, we have evaluated the cytotoxicity of 17 methanol extracts from 11 cameroonian medicinal plants against the sensitive leukemia ccrf-cem cells and the best ones were further tested on a panel of 8 other human cancer cell lines, including various mdr phenotypes as well as against the normal aml12 hepatocytes. | 2016 | 27730025 |
| performance of an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in laboratory routine diagnosis from a high burden setting. | brazil is one of the high burden countries for tuberculosis, and a rapid diagnosis is essential for effective control of the disease. in the present study, an in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay targeting the mpt64 gene for identification of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates was evaluated under routine diagnosis conditions in a reference laboratory. from may 2011 to july 2012, 1,520 isolates of mycobacteria were prospectively submitted for phenotypic and/or pra-hsp ... | 2016 | 27598243 |
| antibiotic utilization patterns in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a canadian context. | this retrospective cohort study describes the patterns of antibiotic use for the treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in the calgary zone of alberta health services. timing, appropriateness, and duration of antibiotics were evaluated in two hundred consecutive cases of vap derived from 4 adult intensive care units (icu). antibiotic therapy was initiated in less than 24 hours from vap diagnosis in 83% of cases. although most patients (89%) received empiric therapy that demonstrated ... | 2016 | 27525016 |
| focus on jnj-q2, a novel fluoroquinolone, for the management of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. | jnj-q2 is a novel, fifth-generation fluoroquinolone that has excellent in vitro and in vivo activity against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. in vitro studies indicate that jnj-q2 has potent activity against pathogens responsible for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (absssi) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (cabp), such as staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae. jnj-q2 also has been shown to have a higher barrier to resistance compar ... | 2016 | 27354817 |
| membrane anchoring stabilizes and favors secretion of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase. | carbapenems, 'last-resort' β-lactam antibiotics, are inactivated by zinc-dependent metallo-β-lactamases (mbls). the host innate immune response withholds nutrient metal ions from microbial pathogens by releasing metal-chelating proteins such as calprotectin. we show that metal sequestration is detrimental for the accumulation of mbls in the bacterial periplasm, because those enzymes are readily degraded in their nonmetallated form. however, the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm-1) can persist u ... | 2016 | 27182662 |
| clinical impact of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus on bacterial pneumonia: cultivation and 16s ribosomal rna gene analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | determining whether methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a true causative pathogen or reflective of colonization when mrsa is cultured from the respiratory tract remains important in treating patients with pneumonia. | 2016 | 27083412 |
| cefepime shows good efficacy and no antibiotic resistance in pneumonia caused by serratia marcescens and proteus mirabilis - an observational study. | many antibiotics have no effect on gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, which necessitates the prescription of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents that can lead to increased risk of antibiotic resistance. these pathogens constitute a further threat because they are also resistant to numerous beta-lactam antibiotics, as well as other antibiotic groups. this study retrospectively investigates antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized patients suffering from pneumonia triggered by gram-negative ... | 2016 | 27004519 |
| retrospective analysis of the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia in turkish patients with lung cancer. | the spectrum of pulmonary infections in patients with lung cancer is wide, and tools for target-oriented infection control measures are necessary. in this retrospective study we report the microbiological spectrum of pneumonia (based on the results of sputum culture) in a case series of turkish patients with lung malignancies. | 2016 | 27095942 |
| microbial yield from physiotherapy assisted sputum production in respiratory outpatients. | sputum is a key diagnostic sample for those with chronic chest conditions including chronic and allergic aspergillus-related disease, but often not obtained in clinic. the objective of this study was to evaluate physiotherapeutic interventions to obtain sputum from those not able to spontaneously produce and the subsequent microbiological result. | 2016 | 26831895 |
| the clinical impact of rapid, direct maldi-tof identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures. | faster identification of bacterial isolates from blood cultures can enable earlier clinical intervention for patients with sepsis. we evaluated the clinical impact of direct identification of micro-organisms from positive blood cultures using maldi-tof. | 2016 | 28036369 |
| draft genome sequences of biosafety level 2 opportunistic pathogens isolated from the environmental surfaces of the international space station. | the draft genome sequences of 20 biosafety level 2 (bsl-2) opportunistic pathogens isolated from the environmental surfaces of the international space station (iss) were presented. these genomic sequences will help in understanding the influence of microgravity on the pathogenicity and virulence of these strains when compared with earth strains. | 2016 | 28034853 |
| altered outer membrane transcriptome balance with ampc overexpression in carbapenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | the growing incidence of multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria is an emerging challenge in modern medicine. the utility of carbapenems, considered "last-line" agents in therapy of infections caused by mdr pathogens, is being diminished by the growing incidence of various resistance mechanisms. enterobacter cloacae have lately begun to emerge as an important pathogen prone to exhibiting multiple drug resistance. we aimed to investigate the molecular basis of carbapenem-resistance in 44 e. cloacae cl ... | 2016 | 28066375 |
| combination therapy with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate and vancomycin-loaded pmma in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. | chronic post-traumatic and postoperative osteomyelitis is a refractory disease which results in significant morbidity and mortality. the effect of combination therapy with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate and vancomycin-loaded polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) was unknown. | 2016 | 28007027 |
| multiple liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by streptococcus constellatus infection: a case report. | the streptococcus milleri group (smg) comprises commensal mucosal bacteria. pyogenic liver abscesses due to hematogenous smg infection are rare but can be observed even in healthy patients. in such cases, physicians should consider the existence of primary lesions that allow penetration of the smg. | 2016 | 28096994 |
| multiple liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by streptococcus constellatus infection: a case report. | the streptococcus milleri group (smg) comprises commensal mucosal bacteria. pyogenic liver abscesses due to hematogenous smg infection are rare but can be observed even in healthy patients. in such cases, physicians should consider the existence of primary lesions that allow penetration of the smg. | 2016 | 28096994 |
| pediatric infectious endophthalmitis: a 271-case retrospective study at a single center in china. | pediatric infectious endophthalmitis is a serious sight-threatening disease for children. the purpose of this study was to investigate the etiology, microbiological spectrum, and visual outcomes of infectious endophthalmitis in children at a single institution in china. | 2016 | 27958225 |
| longipin: an amyloid antimicrobial peptide from the harvestman acutisoma longipes (arachnida: opiliones) with preferential affinity for anionic vesicles. | in contrast to vertebrate immune systems, invertebrates lack an adaptive response and rely solely on innate immunity in which antimicrobial peptides (amps) play an essential role. most of them are membrane active molecules that are typically unstructured in solution and adopt secondary/tertiary structures upon binding to phospholipid bilayers. this work presents the first characterization of a constitutive amp from the hemolymph of an opiliones order animal: the harvestman acutisoma longipes. th ... | 2016 | 27997568 |
| a mechanism of synergistic effect of streptomycin and cefotaxime on ctx-m-15 type β-lactamase producing strain of e. cloacae: a first report. | a blactx-m-15 gene is one of the most prevalent resistant marker found in member of enterobacteriaceae. it encodes cefotaxime hydrolysing β-lactamase-15 (ctx-m-15) causing resistance against beta lactam antibiotics. since single antibiotic therapy fails to control infection caused by multidrug resistance strain, therefore combination therapy was came into practice as an effective treatment. we have first time explained the mechanism where two antibiotics of different classes work against resista ... | 2016 | 28018328 |
| high prevalence of faecal carriage of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae among children in dar es salaam, tanzania. | faecal carriage of esbl-producing bacteria is a potential risk for transmission and infection. little is known about faecal carriage of antibiotic resistance in tanzania. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of faecal carriage of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae and to identify risk factors for carriage among young children in tanzania. | 2016 | 27936054 |
| gram positive and gram negative bacteria differ in their sensitivity to cold plasma. | cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (cap) is a relatively new method being investigated for antimicrobial activity. however, the exact mode of action is still being explored. here we report that cap efficacy is directly correlated to bacterial cell wall thickness in several species. biofilms of gram positive bacillus subtilis, possessing a 55.4 nm cell wall, showed the highest resistance to cap, with less than one log10 reduction after 10 min treatment. in contrast, biofilms of gram negative pseudo ... | 2016 | 27934958 |
| recurrent episodes of candidemia due to candida glabrata, candida tropicalis and candida albicans with acquired echinocandin resistance. | mixed fungal infection and acquired echinocandin resistance of candida spp. remain infrequent. in this study we have reported the case of a patient hospitalized for tuberculosis who experienced multiple infections due to three common candida species (c. albicans, c. glabrata, c. tropicalis). furthermore, consecutive isolates from blood cultures and heart valve were found resistant to azoles (c. tropicalis) and to echinocandin with either novel (c. tropicalis) or previously described (c. albicans ... | 2016 | 27995055 |
| immunomodulation after ischemic stroke: potential mechanisms and implications for therapy. | brain injuries are often associated with intensive care admissions, and carry high morbidity and mortality rates. ischemic stroke is one of the most frequent causes of injury to the central nervous system. it is now increasingly clear that human stroke causes multi-organ systemic disease. brain inflammation may lead to opposing local and systemic effects. suppression of systemic immunity by the nervous system could protect the brain from additional inflammatory damage; however, it may increase t ... | 2016 | 27923376 |
| clonal spread of mcr-1 in pmqr-carrying st34 salmonella isolates from animals in china. | since initial identification in china, the widespread geographical occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in enterobacteriaceae has been of great concern. in this study, a total of 22 salmonella enterica were resistant to colistin, while only five isolates which belonged to st34 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) were mcr-1 positive. four of them shared nearly identical pfge type, although they were from different host species and diverse geographical ... | 2016 | 27917926 |
| high prevalence of gut microbiota colonization with broad-spectrum cephalosporin resistant enterobacteriaceae in a tunisian intensive care unit. | healthcare-associated infections due to cefotaxime-resistant (ctx-r) enterobacteriaceae have become a major public health threat, especially in intensive care units (icus). often acquired nosocomially, ctx-r enterobacteriaceae can be introduced initially by patients at admission. this study aimed to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ctx-r enterobacteriaceae-intestinal carriage in icu patients, to evaluate the rate of acquisition of these organisms during hospitalization, an ... | 2016 | 27965626 |
| bactericidal and antioxidant properties of essential oils from the fruits dennettia tripetala g. baker. | the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the essential oils (eos) of unripe and ripe fruits of dennettia tripetala and their potential for the management of infectious and oxidative-stress diseases were investigated in-vitro in this study. | 2016 | 27894288 |
| mir-34 modulates innate immunity and ecdysone signaling in drosophila. | micrornas are endogenous small regulatory rnas that modulate myriad biological processes by repressing target gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. here we show that the conserved mirna mir-34 regulates innate immunity and ecdysone signaling in drosophila. mir-34 over-expression activates antibacterial innate immunity signaling both in cultured cells and in vivo, and flies over-expressing mir-34 display improved survival and pathogen clearance upon gram-negative bacterial infection; whe ... | 2016 | 27893816 |
| metabolic engineering of serratia marcescens mg1 for enhanced production of (3r)-acetoin. | optically pure acetoin (ac) is an important platform chemical which has been widely used to synthesize novel optically active α-hydroxyketone derivatives and liquid crystal composites. | 2016 | 27942437 |
| evaluation of machine learning and rules-based approaches for predicting antimicrobial resistance profiles in gram-negative bacilli from whole genome sequence data. | the time-to-result for culture-based microorganism recovery and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing necessitates initial use of empiric (frequently broad-spectrum) antimicrobial therapy. if the empiric therapy is not optimal, this can lead to adverse patient outcomes and contribute to increasing antibiotic resistance in pathogens. new, more rapid technologies are emerging to meet this need. many of these are based on identifying resistance genes, rather than directly assaying resista ... | 2016 | 27965630 |
| antimicrobial stewardship of chinese ministry of health reduces multidrug-resistant organism isolates in critically ill patients: a pre-post study from a single center. | china's ministry of health (moh) has established a policy about the antimicrobial stewardship. to date, the effects of this policy on multidrug-resistant organism (mdro) in critically ill patients are unknown. | 2016 | 27887595 |
| hospital-acquired infections after cardiac surgery and current physician practices: a retrospective cohort study. | the management of hospital-acquired infections (hais) with respect to physician practices remains largely unexplored despite increasing efforts to standardize care. in the present study, we report findings from a 2-month audit of all patients that have undergone cardiac surgery at a large referral center in atlantic canada. | 2016 | 27924169 |
| hospital-acquired infections after cardiac surgery and current physician practices: a retrospective cohort study. | the management of hospital-acquired infections (hais) with respect to physician practices remains largely unexplored despite increasing efforts to standardize care. in the present study, we report findings from a 2-month audit of all patients that have undergone cardiac surgery at a large referral center in atlantic canada. | 2016 | 27924169 |
| differential fecal microbiota are retained in broiler chicken lines divergently selected for fatness traits. | our study combined 16s rrna-pyrosequencing and whole genome sequencing to analyze the fecal metagenomes of the divergently selected lean (ll) and fat (fl) line chickens. significant structural differences existed in both the phylogenic and functional metagenomes between the two chicken lines. at phylum level, the fl group had significantly less bacteroidetes. at genus level, fourteen genera of different relative abundance were identified, with some known short-chain fatty acid producers (includi ... | 2016 | 27876778 |
| production, characterization, and application of bacillus licheniformis w16 biosurfactant in enhancing oil recovery. | the biosurfactant production by bacillus licheniformis w16 and evaluation of biosurfactant based enhanced oil recovery (eor) using core-flood under reservoir conditions were investigated. previously reported nine different production media were screened for biosurfactant production, and two were further optimized with different carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, starch, cane molasses, or date molasses), as well as the strain was screened for biosurfactant production during the growth in different ... | 2016 | 27933041 |
| enterovirus d68 in hospitalized children: sequence variation, viral loads and clinical outcomes. | an outbreak of enterovirus d68 (ev-d68) caused severe respiratory illness in 2014. the disease spectrum of ev-d68 infections in children with underlying medical conditions other than asthma, the role of ev-d68 loads on clinical illness, and the variation of ev-d68 strains within the same institution over time have not been described. we sought to define the association between ev-d68 loads and sequence variation, and the clinical characteristic in hospitalized children at our institution from 20 ... | 2016 | 27875593 |
| salmonella typhimurium and multidirectional communication in the gut. | the mammalian digestive tract is home to trillions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. in monogastric mammals the stomach and small intestine harbor diverse bacterial populations but are typically less populated than the colon. the gut bacterial community (microbiota hereafter) varies widely among different host species and individuals within a species. it is influenced by season of the year, age of the host, stress and disease. ideally, the host and microbiot ... | 2016 | 27920756 |
| synthesis of (3r)-acetoin and 2,3-butanediol isomers by metabolically engineered lactococcus lactis. | the potential that lies in harnessing the chemical synthesis capabilities inherent in living organisms is immense. here we demonstrate how the biosynthetic machinery of lactococcus lactis, can be diverted to make (3r)-acetoin and the derived 2,3-butanediol isomers meso-(2,3)-butanediol (m-bdo) and (2r,3r)-butanediol (r-bdo). efficient production of (3r)-acetoin was accomplished using a strain where the competing lactate, acetate and ethanol forming pathways had been blocked. by introducing diffe ... | 2016 | 27857195 |
| salvage plasmapheresis for post-hepatectomy liver failure. | in the latest decades, an important change has been registered in liver surgery related to the progress of surgical techniques, critical care, and postoperative treatment, allowing a sharp decrease in mortality and morbidity. however, management of post-hepatectomy liver failure (phlf) still remains a challenge and no supportive treatment has been found to be generally effective. the present study is a reappraisal of plasmapheresis as a potential supportive measure in patients with phlf followin ... | 2016 | 28003948 |
| bacterial biotransformation of pentachlorophenol and micropollutants formed during its production process. | pentachlorophenol (pcp) is a toxic and persistent wood and cellulose preservative extensively used in the past decades. the production process of pcp generates polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdd/fs) as micropollutants. pcdd/fs are also known to be very persistent and dangerous for human health and ecosystem functioning. several physico-chemical and biological technologies have been used to remove pcp and pcdd/fs from the environment. bacterial degradation a ... | 2016 | 27869691 |
| pharmacologically active flavonoids from the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts of cassia angustifolia vahl. | cassia angustifolia vahl. (commonly known as senna makkai or cassia senna), native to saudi arabia, egypt, yemen and also extensively cultivated in pakistan, is a medicinal herb used traditionally to cure number of diseases like liver diseases, constipation, typhoid, cholera etc. this study was conducted to evaluate the in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer assays and phytochemical constituents of aqueous and organic extracts of c. angustifolia leaves. | 2016 | 27835979 |
| 14-year survey in a swedish county reveals a pronounced increase in bloodstream infections (bsi). comorbidity - an independent risk factor for both bsi and mortality. | we assessed the incidence, risk factors and outcome of bsi over a 14-year period (2000-2013) in a swedish county. | 2016 | 27835663 |
| a retrospective study of the impact of rapid diagnostic testing on time to pathogen identification and antibiotic use for children with positive blood cultures. | rapid identification of bloodstream pathogens provides crucial information that can improve the choice of antimicrobial therapy for children. previous impact studies have primarily focused on adults. our objective was to evaluate the impact of rapid testing in a children's hospital on time to organism identification and antibiotic use in the setting of an established antimicrobial stewardship program. | 2016 | 27832502 |
| muscle as an osteoinductive niche for local bone formation with the use of a biphasic calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite biomaterial. | we have observed clinical cases where bone is formed in the overlaying muscle covering surgically created bone defects treated with a hydroxyapatite/calcium sulphate biomaterial. our objective was to investigate the osteoinductive potential of the biomaterial and to determine if growth factors secreted from local bone cells induce osteoblastic differentiation of muscle cells. | 2016 | 27784668 |
| evaluation of a commercial multiplex pcr assay for detection of pathogen dna in blood from patients with suspected sepsis. | the magicplex sepsis real-time test (mst) is a commercial multiplex pcr that can detect more than 90 different pathogens in blood, with an analysis time of six hours. the aim of the present study was to evaluate this method for the detection of bloodstream infection (bsi). an edta whole blood sample for mst was collected together with blood cultures (bc) from patients with suspected sepsis at the emergency department of a university hospital. among 696 study patients, 322 (46%) patients were pos ... | 2016 | 27997618 |
| the most common detected bacteria in sputum of patients with community acquired pneumonia (cap) treated in hospital. | community acquired pneumonia (cap) is the most common infective pulmonary disease. | 2016 | 27994296 |
| orthologous and paralogous ampd peptidoglycan amidases from gram-negative bacteria. | cell wall recycling and β-lactam antibiotic resistance are linked in enterobacteriaceae and in pseudomonas aeruginosa. this process involves a large number of murolytic enzymes, among them a cytoplasmic peptidoglycan amidase ampd, which plays an essential role by cleaving the peptide stem from key intermediates en route to the β-lactamase production (a resistance mechanism) and cell wall recycling. uniquely, p. aeruginosa has two additional paralogues of ampd, designated ampdh2 and ampdh3, which ... | 2016 | 27326855 |
| lipid composition in a strain of bacillus subtilis, a producer of iturin a lipopeptides that are active against uropathogenic bacteria. | urinary tract infections are a common disease in humans. therefore, new methods are needed to destroy biofilms that are formed by uropathogens. iturin a lipopeptides (lps) c14 and c15 are potent biosurfactants synthetized by the bacillus subtilis i'1a strain. the biological activity of extracted lps was confirmed by examining extracts from i'1a cultures against uropathogenic bacteria that had been isolated from biofilms on urinary catheters. compared with cultures of dsm 3257, which produce surf ... | 2016 | 27550437 |
| risk factors to predict drug-resistant pathogens in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia. | after the concept of healthcare associated pneumonia (hcap) was introduced in 2005 by the american thoracic society/infectious disease society of america (ats/idsa), pneumonia in hemodialysis patients has been classified as hcap. even though there are several risk factors and scoring systems of drug-resistant pathogens (drps) in hcap, the risk factors for drps in hemodialysis-associated pneumonia are unclear. | 2016 | 27502599 |
| the iridica pcr/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry assay on bronchoalveolar lavage for bacterial etiology in mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia. | we studied the diagnostic performance of the iridica pcr/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms) assay applied on bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) samples, from 51 mechanically ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia, in a prospective study. in 32 patients with x-ray verified pneumonia, pcr/esi-ms was positive in 66% and bal culture was positive in 38% (p = 0.045), and either of the methods was positive in 69%. the following bal result combinations were noted: pcr/esi-ms+/culture ... | 2016 | 27463099 |
| french intensive care society, international congress - réanimation 2016. | 2016 | 27316915 | |
| derivation and multicenter validation of the drug resistance in pneumonia clinical prediction score. | the health care-associated pneumonia (hcap) criteria have a limited ability to predict pneumonia caused by drug-resistant bacteria and favor the overutilization of broad-spectrum antibiotics. we aimed to derive and validate a clinical prediction score with an improved ability to predict the risk of pneumonia due to drug-resistant pathogens compared to that of hcap criteria. a derivation cohort of 200 microbiologically confirmed pneumonia cases in 2011 and 2012 was identified retrospectively. ris ... | 2016 | 26856838 |
| comparison of serological methods with pcr-based methods for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia caused by atypical bacteria. | the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) caused by legionella pneumophila, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydophila pneumoniae is traditionally based on cultures and serology, which have special requirements, are time-consuming, and offer delayed results that limit their clinical usefulness of these techniques. we sought to develop a multiplex pcr (mpcr) method to diagnosis these bacterial infections in cap patients and to compare the diagnostic yields obtained from mpcr of nasopharyn ... | 2016 | 26932735 |
| plasmid pec156, a naturally occurring escherichia coli genetic element that carries genes of the ecoviii restriction-modification system, is mobilizable among enterobacteria. | type ii restriction-modification systems are ubiquitous in prokaryotes. some of them are present in naturally occurring plasmids, which may facilitate the spread of these systems in bacterial populations by horizontal gene transfer. however, little is known about the routes of their dissemination. as a model to study this, we have chosen an escherichia coli natural plasmid pec156 that carries the ecoviii restriction modification system. the presence of this system as well as the cis-acting cer s ... | 2016 | 26848973 |
| prophylactically decontaminating human islet product for safe clinical application: effective and potent method. | transplanting pancreatic islets into recipients must be safe and effective to treat type 1 diabetes. islet quality and quantity are important, however, the final product must also be free from microbial contamination and low endotoxin levels. | 2016 | 26894230 |
| structural differences in gut bacteria communities in developmental stages of natural populations of lutzomyia evansi from colombia's caribbean coast. | lutzomyia evansi, a phlebotomine insect endemic to colombia's caribbean coast, is considered to be the main vector of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the region. although insects of this species can harbor pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms in their intestinal microbiota, there is little information available about the diversity of gut bacteria present in lutzomyia evansi. in this study, conventional microbiological methods and molecular tools were used to assess the compositio ... | 2016 | 27618991 |
| next-generation sequencing diagnostics of bacteremia in septic patients. | bloodstream infections remain one of the major challenges in intensive care units, leading to sepsis or even septic shock in many cases. due to the lack of timely diagnostic approaches with sufficient sensitivity, mortality rates of sepsis are still unacceptably high. however a prompt diagnosis of the causative microorganism is critical to significantly improve outcome of bloodstream infections. although various targeted molecular tests for blood samples are available, time-consuming blood cultu ... | 2016 | 27368373 |
| differential growth responses of marine phytoplankton to herbicide glyphosate. | glyphosate is a globally popular herbicide to kill weeds and its wide applications may lead to accumulation in coastal oceans as a source of phosphorus (p) nutrient or growth inhibitor of phytoplankton. we studied the physiological effects of glyphosate on fourteen species representing five major coastal phytoplankton phyla (haptophyta, bacillariophyta, dinoflagellata, raphidophyta, and chlorophyta). based on growth responses to different concentrations of glyphosate under contrasting dissolved ... | 2016 | 26985828 |
| biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by azoarcus sp. cib. | different bacteria have been reported so far that link selenite resistance to the production of metallic selenium nanoparticles (senps). although senps have many biotechnological applications in diverse areas, the molecular mechanisms involved in their microbial genesis are not fully understood. the azoarcus genus is a physiologically versatile group of beta-proteobacteria of great environmental relevance. azoarcus sp. cib is a facultative anaerobe that combines the ability to degrade under aero ... | 2016 | 27301452 |
| bacteria isolated from korean black raspberry vinegar with low biogenic amine production in wine. | a high concentration of histamine, one of the biogenic amines (bas) usually found in fermented foods, can cause undesirable physiological side effects in sensitive humans. the objective of this study is to isolate indigenous acetobacter strains from naturally fermented bokbunja vinegar in korea with reduced histamine production during starter fermentation. further, we examined its physiological and biochemical properties, including ba synthesis. the obtained strain mba-77, identified as acetobac ... | 2016 | 26991285 |
| depth and well type related to groundwater microbiological contamination. | use of groundwater from private wells in households has increased considerably, owing to a better cost/benefit ratio than that of water provided by local utilities for a fee. however, this water is usually untreated, which makes it a vehicle for diseases. thus, monitoring this water is necessary to ensure its integrity and quality. we aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters of untreated groundwater drawn from different types of wells, and the antimicrobial suscep ... | 2016 | 27775681 |
| architecture of class 1, 2, and 3 integrons from gram negative bacteria recovered among fruits and vegetables. | the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria throughout the food chain constitutes a public health concern. to understand the contribution of fresh produce in shaping antibiotic resistance bacteria and integron prevalence in the food chain, 333 antibiotic resistance gram negative isolates were collected from organic and conventionally produced fruits (pears, apples, and strawberries) and vegetables (lettuces, tomatoes, and carrots). although low levels of resistance have been detected, the bacter ... | 2016 | 27679611 |
| occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric rods and pseudomonads isolated from the dental prostheses biofilm. | to determine the occurrence and the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric rods and pseudomonads from the denture biofilm of 52 subjects at the center for dental specialties of sobral/ ceara, brazil. | 2016 | 27812616 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) based microbial identifications: challenges and scopes for microbial ecologists. | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) based biotyping is an emerging technique for high-throughput and rapid microbial identification. due to its relatively higher accuracy, comprehensive database of clinically important microorganisms and low-cost compared to other microbial identification methods, maldi-tof ms has started replacing existing practices prevalent in clinical diagnosis. however, applicability of maldi-tof ms in the area of micr ... | 2016 | 27625644 |
| disk carbapenemase test for the rapid detection of kpc-, ndm-, and other metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli. | rapid detection of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli (gnb) is required for optimal treatment of infected patients. we developed and assessed a new disk carbapenemase test (dct). | 2016 | 27374708 |
| clinical efficacy of polymyxin monotherapy versus nonvalidated polymyxin combination therapy versus validated polymyxin combination therapy in extensively drug-resistant gram-negative bacillus infections. | polymyxins have emerged as a last-resort treatment of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) gram-negative bacillus (gnb) infections, which present a growing threat. individualized polymyxin-based antibiotic combinations selected on the basis of the results of in vitro combination testing may be required to optimize therapy. a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients receiving polymyxins for xdr gnb infections from 2009 to 2014 was conducted to compare the treatment outcomes between patient ... | 2016 | 27090177 |
| phosphorus mobilizing consortium mammoth p(™) enhances plant growth. | phosphorus (p) is a critical nutrient used to maximize plant growth and yield. current agriculture management practices commonly experience low plant p use efficiency due to natural chemical sorption and transformations when p fertilizer is applied to soils. a perplexing challenge facing agriculture production is finding sustainable solutions to deliver p more efficiently to plants. using prescribed applications of specific soil microbial assemblages to mobilize soil bound-p to improve crop nutr ... | 2016 | 27326379 |
| evaluation of heavy metal removal from wastewater in a modified packed bed biofilm reactor. | for the effective application of a modified packed bed biofilm reactor (pbbr) in wastewater industrial practice, it is essential to distinguish the tolerance of the system for heavy metals removal. the industrial contamination of wastewater from various sources (e.g. zn, cu, cd and ni) was studied to assess the impacts on a pbbr. this biological system was examined by evaluating the tolerance of different strengths of composite heavy metals at the optimum hydraulic retention time (hrt) of 2 hour ... | 2016 | 27186636 |
| biochar treatment resulted in a combined effect on soybean growth promotion and a shift in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. | the application of biochar to soil is considered to have the potential for long-term soil carbon sequestration, as well as for improving plant growth and suppressing soil pathogens. in our study we evaluated the effect of biochar on the plant growth of soybeans, as well as on the community composition of root-associated bacteria with plant growth promoting traits. two types of biochar, namely, maize biochar (mbc), wood biochar (wbc), and hydrochar (htc) were used for pot experiments to monitor p ... | 2016 | 26941730 |
| a microbial transformation using bacillus subtilis b7-s to produce natural vanillin from ferulic acid. | bacillus subtilis strain b7-s screened from18 strains is an aerobic, endospore-forming, model organism of gram-positive bacteria which is capable to form vanillin during ferulic acid bioconversion. the bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin by bacillus subtilis b7-s (b. subtilis b7-s) was investigated. based on our results, the optimum bioconversion conditions for the production of vanillin by b. subtilis b7-s can be summarized as follows: temperature 35 °c; initial ph 9.0; inoculum volume 5% ... | 2016 | 26841717 |
| epidemiologic and genotypic review of carbapenemase-producing organisms in british columbia, canada, between 2008 and 2014. | carbapenemase-producing organisms (cpos) are a serious emerging problem for health care facilities worldwide. owing to their resistance to most antimicrobial therapies, cpos are difficult to treat and pose a challenge for infection prevention and control. since 2010, lab-based surveillance for cpos and pcr-based testing were implemented in british columbia (bc), canada. a review of cpos in bc from 2008 to march 2014 was done to characterize the resistance mechanisms and possible clonal strain tr ... | 2016 | 26607987 |
| a multi-substrate approach for functional metagenomics-based screening for (hemi)cellulases in two wheat straw-degrading microbial consortia unveils novel thermoalkaliphilic enzymes. | functional metagenomics is a promising strategy for the exploration of the biocatalytic potential of microbiomes in order to uncover novel enzymes for industrial processes (e.g. biorefining or bleaching pulp). most current methodologies used to screen for enzymes involved in plant biomass degradation are based on the use of single substrates. moreover, highly diverse environments are used as metagenomic sources. however, such methods suffer from low hit rates of positive clones and hence the dis ... | 2016 | 26822785 |
| comparative genomics between two xenorhabdus bovienii strains highlights differential evolutionary scenarios within an entomopathogenic bacterial species. | bacteria of the genus xenorhabdus are symbionts of soil entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema. this symbiotic association constitutes an insecticidal complex active against a wide range of insect pests. within xenorhabdus bovienii species, the x. bovienii cs03 strain (xb cs03) is nonvirulent when directly injected into lepidopteran insects, and displays a low virulence when associated with its steinernema symbiont. the genome of xb cs03 was sequenced and compared with the genome of ... | 2016 | 26769959 |
| characterisation of candida within the mycobiome/microbiome of the lower respiratory tract of icu patients. | whether the presence of candida spp. in lower respiratory tract (lrt) secretions is a marker of underlying disease, intensive care unit (icu) treatment and antibiotic therapy or contributes to poor clinical outcome is unclear. we investigated healthy controls, patients with proposed risk factors for candida growth in lrt (antibiotic therapy, icu treatment with and without antibiotic therapy), icu patients with pneumonia and antibiotic therapy and candidemic patients (for comparison of truly inva ... | 2016 | 27206014 |
| comparison of clinico-microbiological profile and treatment outcome of in-house and referred post cataract surgery endophthalmitis in a tertiary care center in south india. | the purpose of the study is to compare the clinico-microbiological profile and treatment outcome of in-house vs referred cases of post cataract surgery endophthalmitis in a tertiary eye care facility in south india. | 2016 | 27882513 |
| skin flap complications after cochlear implantations. | the objective of the study was to analyse and present the surgical management strategy for major skin flap complications (msfc) after cochlear implantations. patients fitted with a titanium-silicone-coated implant of the same kind, operated on between 1994 and 2013 with a standardised procedure (1076 medical charts) were analysed. analysis aimed to identify and study individuals with skin problems related to the cochlear implant treatment, i.e. requiring surgical treatment in hospital defined as ... | 2016 | 27245752 |
| epidemiology and resistance patterns of bacterial and fungal colonization of biliary plastic stents: a prospective cohort study. | plastic stents used for the treatment of biliary obstruction will become occluded over time due to microbial colonization and formation of biofilms. treatment of stent-associated cholangitis is often not effective because of inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents or antimicrobial resistance. we aimed to assess the current bacterial and fungal etiology of stent-associated biofilms, with particular emphasis on antimicrobial resistance. | 2016 | 27171497 |
| uv-b radiation stress causes alterations in whole cell protein profile and expression of certain genes in the rice phyllospheric bacterium enterobacter cloacae. | among the different types of uv radiation, uv-b radiation (280-315 nm) has gained much attention mainly due to its increasing incidence on the earth's surface leading to imbalances in natural ecosystems. this study deals with the effects of uv-b radiation on the proteome and gene expression in a rice phyllospheric bacterium, enterobacter cloacae. of the five bacteria isolated from rice leaves, e. cloacae showed the highest level of resistance to uv-b and total killing occurred after 8 h of conti ... | 2016 | 27672388 |
| bacteriocins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis: generalities and potential applications. | the members of the bacillus thuringiensis group, commonly known as bt, produce a huge number of metabolites, which show biocidal and antagonistic activity. b. thuringiensis is widely known for synthesizing cry, vip and cyt proteins, active against insects and other parasporins with biocidal activity against certain types of cancerous cells. nevertheless, b. thuringiensis also synthesizes compounds with antimicrobial activity, especially bacteriocins. some b. thuringiensis bacteriocins resemble l ... | 2016 | 27340340 |
| evolution of a heavy metal homeostasis/resistance island reflects increasing copper stress in enterobacteria. | copper homeostasis in bacteria is challenged by periodic elevation of copper levels in the environment, arising from both natural sources and human inputs. several mechanisms have evolved to efflux copper from bacterial cells, including thecus(copper sensing copper efflux system), andpco(plasmid-borne copper resistance system) systems. the genes belonging to these two systems can be physically clustered in a copper homeostasis and silver resistance island (chasri) on both plasmids and chromosome ... | 2016 | 26893455 |