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re-examination of the taxonomic status of enterobacter helveticus, enterobacter pulveris and enterobacter turicensis as members of the genus cronobacter and their reclassification in the genera franconibacter gen. nov. and siccibacter gen. nov. as franconibacter helveticus comb. nov., franconibacter pulveris comb. nov. and siccibacter turicensis comb. nov., respectively.recently, a taxonomical re-evaluation of the genus enterobacter, based on multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) analysis, has led to the proposal that the species enterobacter pulveris, enterobacter helveticus and enterobacter turicensis should be reclassified as novel species of the genus cronobacter. in the present work, new genome-scale analyses, including average nucleotide identity, genome-scale phylogeny and k-mer analysis, coupled with previously reported dna-dna hybridization values and bio ...201425028159
activities of selected medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria in cameroon.medicinal plants are used worldwide for several human ailments including bacterial infections. the present work was designed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activities of some cameroonian medicinal plants including entada abyssinica, entada africana, pentaclethra macrophylla, allexis cauliflora, anthocleista leibrechtsiana, carapa procera, carica papaya and persea americana against gram-negative bacteria expressing multidrug resistant (mdr) phenotypes.201426060474
molecular characterization of esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae in northern portugal.extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) prevalence was studied in the north of portugal, among 193 clinical isolates belonging to citizens in a district in the boundaries between this country and spain from a total of 7529 clinical strains. in the present study we recovered some members of enterobacteriaceae family, producing esbl enzymes, including escherichia coli (67.9%), klebsiella pneumoniae (30.6%), klebsiella oxytoca (0.5%), enterobacter aerogenes (0.5%), and citrobacter freundii (0.5%). β ...201424701189
study of the role of anaerobic metabolism in succinate production by enterobacter aerogenes.succinate is a core biochemical building block; optimizing succinate production from biomass by microbial fermentation is a focus of basic and applied biotechnology research. lowering ph in anaerobic succinate fermentation culture is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach to reducing the use of sub-raw materials such as alkali, which are needed for neutralization. to evaluate the potential of bacteria-based succinate fermentation under weak acidic (ph <6.2) and anaerobic conditio ...201424962116
persistence of nosocomial bacteria on 2 biocidal fabrics based on silver under conditions of high relative humidity.the survival of pathogenic microorganism on fabrics in the health care environment has a important role in nosocomial infections. the use of biocidal fabrics and surfaces could reduce the prevalence of the microorganisms in the hospital environment.201424930955
biohydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoate co-production by enterobacter aerogenes and rhodobacter sphaeroides from calophyllum inophyllum oil cake.the feasibility of coupled biohydrogen and polyhydroxyalkanoate production by enterobacter aerogenes and rhodobacter sphaeroides using calophyllum inophyllum oil cake was studied under dark and photo fermentation conditions. the utilization of a non-edible acidic oil cake (c. inophyllum), and exploitation of a modified minimal salt media led to reduction in the cost of media. cost of fermentation is reduced by implementation of alternate dark-photo fermentative periods and through the use of a c ...201424859207
abiotic process for fe(ii) oxidation and green rust mineralization driven by a heterotrophic nitrate reducing bacteria (klebsiella mobilis).green rusts (grs) are mixed fe(ii)-fe(iii) hydroxides with a high reactivity toward organic and inorganic pollutants. grs can be produced from ferric reducing or ferrous oxidizing bacterial activities. in this study, we investigated the capability of klebsiella mobilis to produce iron minerals in the presence of nitrate and ferrous iron. this bacterium is well-known to reduce nitrate using an organic carbon source as electron donor but is unable to enzymatically oxidize fe(ii) species. during in ...201424605878
pleural effusion due to streptococcus milleri: case descriptions.in this study we analyzed the characteristics of patients with pleural effusion secondary to streptococcus milleri studied retrospectively between january and march 2013 and found seven patients with a mean age of 60 years, 43% of which were smokers and 57% with a drinking habit. the most common associated factors were alcoholism, previous pneumonia and diabetes. other bacteria were identified as enterobacter aerogenes, bacteroides and prevotella intermedia capillosus in two patients. the mean d ...201424439468
biosensing and bioremediation of cr(vi) by cell free extract of enterobacter aerogenes t2.hexavalent chromium or cr(vi) enters the environment through several anthropogenic activities and it is highly toxic and carcinogenic. hence it is required to be detected and remediated from the environment. in this study, low-cost and environment-friendly methods of biosensing and bioremediation of cr(vi) have been proposed. crude cell free extract (cfe) of previously isolated enterobacter aerogenes t2 (gu265554; nii 1111) was prepared and exploited to develop a stable biosensor for direct esti ...201424410691
inactivation of enterobacter aerogenes in reconstituted skim milk by high- and low-frequency ultrasound.the inactivation of enterobacter aerogenes in skim milk using low-frequency (20khz) and high-frequency (850khz) ultrasonication was investigated. it was found that low-frequency acoustic cavitation resulted in lethal damage to e. aerogenes. the bacteria were more sensitive to ultrasound in water than in reconstituted skim milk having different protein concentrations. however, high-frequency ultrasound was not able to inactivate e. aerogenes in milk even when powers as high as 50w for 60min were ...201424394387
antibacterial attributes of apigenin, isolated from portulaca oleracea l.the flavonoid apigenin was isolated from aerial part of p. oleracea l. the dried sample of plant was powdered and subjected to soxhlet extractor by adding 80 ml of ethanol : water (70 : 30). the extract was centrifuged at 11000 rpm for 30 min; supernatant was taken for further use. the fraction was concentrated and subjected to ptlc. the r f value of isolated apigenin was calculated (0.82). purified material was also subjected to its ir spectra, lc-ms, nmr, and hplc for structural elucidation. t ...201426904730
first detection and characterization of an oxa-48-producing enterobacter aerogenes isolate. 201424355605
risk factors and treatment outcomes of bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter species in adults with cancer.treatment of enterobacter infection is complicated due to its intrinsic resistance to cephalosporins. medical records of 192 adults with cancer who had enterobacter bacteremia were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the risk factors for and the treatment outcomes in extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistant enterobacter bacteremia in adults with cancer. the main outcome measure was 30-day mortality. of the 192 patients, 53 (27.6%) had bloodstream infections caused by esc-resistant entero ...201424321352
hepatoblastoma in a 15-month-old female with trisomy 13.trisomy 13 (t13) is a rare autosomal aneuploidy. greater than 90% of patients die during the first year of life. malignancies reported in association with t13 include two cases of wilms tumor and one case of pilocytic astrocytoma. there is no previous report of hepatoblastoma in patients with t13. we report a unique case of hepatoblastoma in a 15-month-old female with constitutional t13. our patient was born at 38 weeks gestation and was noted to have phenotypic features consistent with t13. gen ...201424311532
biohydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse by integrating dark- and photo-fermentation.hydrogen production from sugarcane bagasse (scb) by integrating dark-fermentation by enterobacter aerogenes mtcc 2822 and photo-fermentation by rhodopseudomonas bhu 01 was investigated. the scb was hydrolysed by sulphuric acid and the hydrolysate detoxified by passing through adsorbent resin column (amberlite xad-4) to remove the inhibitory furfural, and subjected to dark-fermentation. the cellulosic residue from acid hydrolysis was hydrolysed by the new isolate cellulomonas fimi to release suga ...201424291314
hospital clonal dissemination of enterobacter aerogenes producing carbapenemase kpc-2 in a chinese teaching hospital.carbapenems are first-line agents for the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae. however, resistance to carbapenems has increased dramatically among enterobacteriaceae in our hospital. in this study, we report clonal dissemination caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacter aerogenes (crea). in 2011, crea was identified from 12 patients admitted to the neurosurgical ward. all 12 clinical isolates were non-susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidim ...201424273320
immobilization of the enzyme gpdq on magnetite nanoparticles for organophosphate pesticide bioremediation.annually thousands of people die or suffer from organophosphate (pesticide) poisoning. in order to remove these toxic compounds from the environment, the use of enzymes as bioremediators has been proposed. we report here a ser127ala mutant based on the enzyme glycerophosphodiesterase (gpdq) from enterobacter aerogenes. the mutant, with improved metal binding abilities, has been immobilized using glutaraldehyde on pamam dendrimer-modified magnetite nanoparticles. the immobilized system was charac ...201424239906
multiplex real-time pcr probe-based for identification of strains producing: oxa48, vim, kpc and ndm.the spread of multi-resistant enterobacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre), in both community and hospital settings is a global problem. the phenotypic identification of cre is complex, occasionally inconclusive and time consuming. however, commercially available molecular assays are very expensive, and many do not allow the simultaneous identification of all genetic markers of resistance that have been recognised in cre (bla kpc, bla oxa-48, bla vim and bla ndm). t ...201425154795
distribution of free-living amoebae in a treatment system of textile industrial wastewater.free-living amoebae have been found in soil, air and a variety of aquatic environments, but few studies have been conducted on industrial wastewater and none on wastewater from the textile industry. the aim of this study was to determine the presence and distribution of free-living amoebae in a biological treatment system that treats textile industrial wastewater. samples were taken from input, aeration tank, sedimentation tank and output. samples were centrifuged at 1200g for 15min, the sedimen ...201425072828
chemical composition, antibacterial and antioxidant profile of essential oil from murraya koenigii (l.) leaves.this study is designed to extract and examine chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the hydro-distillated essential oil of murraya koenigii leaves from the south region of tamilnadu, india. matherials and methods: gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) analysis of the essential oil result was indicates the 33 different compounds representing 97.56 % of the total oil.201425050318
molecular dynamics study of helicobacter pylori urease.helicobacter pylori have been implicated in an array of gastrointestinal disorders including, but not limited to, gastric and duodenal ulcers and adenocarcinoma. this bacterium utilizes an enzyme, urease, to produce copious amounts of ammonia through urea hydrolysis in order to survive the harsh acidic conditions of the stomach. molecular dynamics (md) studies on the h. pylori urease enzyme have been employed in order to study structural features of this enzyme that may shed light on the hydroly ...201424839409
screening of wild type streptomyces isolates able to overproduce clavulanic acid.the selection of new microorganisms able to produce antimicrobial compounds is hoped for to reduce their production costs and the side effects caused by synthetic drugs. clavulanic acid is a β-lactam antibiotic produced by submerged culture, which is widely used in medicine as a powerful inhibitor of β-lactamases, enzymes produced by bacteria resistant to antibiotics such penicillin and cephalosporin. the purpose of this work was to select the best clavulanic acid producer among strains of strep ...201425477926
antioxidant and antibacterial potential of pomegranate peel extracts.pomegranate peels of ganesh variety were subjected to extraction using different solvents viz. water, methanol and ethanol either alone or in combination with water. the extraction yield, antioxidant activity (dpph and abts inhibition) and total phenolic contents were evaluated. highest yield was obtained from 50 % ethanol: 50 % water (16.3 ± 1.99 %). the dpph and abts inhibition activity was found to be the highest for methanol and 70 % ethanol: 30 % water extract (79.5 ± 6.5; 94.6 ± 6.10), res ...201425477693
co-fermentation of carbon sources by enterobacter aerogenes atcc 29007 to enhance the production of bioethanol.we investigated the enhancement of bioethanol production in enterobacter aerogenes atcc 29007 by co-fermentation of carbon sources such as glycerol, glucose, galactose, sucrose, fructose, xylose, starch, mannitol and citric acid. biofuel production increases with increasing growth rate of microorganisms; that is why we investigated the optimal growth rate of e. aerogenes atcc 29007, using mixtures of different carbon sources with glycerol. e. aerogenes atcc 29007 was incubated in media containin ...201424185706
spectroscopic and mechanistic studies of dinuclear metallohydrolases and their biomimetic complexes.an enhanced understanding of the metal ion binding and active site structural features of phosphoesterases such as the glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes (gpdq), and the organophosphate degrading agent from agrobacterium radiobacter (opda) have important consequences for potential applications. coupled with investigations of the metalloenzymes, programs of study to synthesise and characterise model complexes based on these metalloenzymes can add to our understanding of structur ...201424135968
biodegradation of glycerol using bacterial isolates from soil under aerobic conditions.glycerol, a non-biodegradable by-product during biodiesel production is a major concern to the emerging biodiesel industry. many microbes in natural environments have the ability to utilize glycerol as a sole carbon and energy source. the focus of this study was to screen for microorganisms from soil, capable of glycerol utilization and its conversion to value added products such as ethanol and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pdo). twelve bacterial isolates were screened for glycerol utilization ability in ...201424117087
outbreak of multidrug-resistant acute postoperative endophthalmitis due to enterobacter aerogenes.to report the clinical features, management, and outcome of 7 cases of culture-proven multidrug-resistant enterobacter postoperative endophthalmitis following cataract surgery.201424063692
monitoring in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 26 indian spices against multidrug resistant urinary tract infecting bacteria.to screen methanolic extracts of 26 commonly used indian spices against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa), isolated from clinical samples of a tertiary care hospital for antibacterial activity.201428664089
extraction, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and screening of fruits of terminalia chebula retz. for its antimicrobial potential.terminalia chebula is called the "king of medicines" in tibet and is always listed first in the ayurvedic meteria medica because of its extraordinary powers of healing.201323901211
analysis of a soluble (ured:uref:ureg)2 accessory protein complex and its interactions with klebsiella aerogenes urease by mass spectrometry.maturation of the nickel-containing urease of klebsiella aerogenes is facilitated by the ured, uref, and ureg accessory proteins along with the uree metallo-chaperone. a fusion of the maltose binding protein and ured (mbp-ured) was co-isolated with uref and ureg in a soluble complex possessing a (mbpured: uref:ureg)2 quaternary structure. within this complex a uref:uref interaction was identified by chemical cross-linking of the amino termini of its two uref protomers, as shown by mass spectrome ...201323797863
engineered enterobacter aerogenes for efficient utilization of sugarcane molasses in 2,3-butanediol production.sugarcane molasses is considered to be a good carbon source for biorefinery due to its high sugar content and low price. sucrose occupies more than half of the sugar in the molasses. enterobacter aerogenes is a good host strain for 2,3-butanediol production, but its utilization of sucrose is not very efficient. to improve sucrose utilization in e. aerogenes, a sucrose regulator (scrr) was disrupted from the genomic dna. the deletion mutation increased the sucrose consumption rate significantly w ...201323644066
determination and frying loss of histamine in striped marlin fillets implicated in a foodborne poisoning.an incident of foodborne poisoning causing illness in 67 victims due to ingestion of fried fish fillets occurred in june 2011, in southern taiwan. of the five suspected fish fillets, one fried sample contained 62.0 mg/100 g and one raw sample contained 89.6 mg/100 g histamine, levels which are greater than the potential hazard action level (50 mg/100 g) in most illness cases. given the allergy-like symptoms of the victims and the high histamine content in the suspected fish samples, this foodbor ...201323643129
in vivo transmission of a plasmid containing the kpc-2 gene in a single patient.here we describe a case of in vivo horizontal interspecies transmission of a kpc-2-producing plasmid from a klebsiella pneumoniae to an enterobacter aerogenes strain in the same patient. the patient's gut flora initially contained a carbapenem-susceptible e. aerogenes strain and 10 days after admission a kpc-2-positive k. pneumoniae. three months after admission, a kpc-2-positive e. aerogenes was identified in fecal surveillance cultures. this isolate was isogenic with the initial e. aerogenes a ...201327873604
impact of the prone position in an animal model of unilateral bacterial pneumonia undergoing mechanical ventilation.the prone position (pp) has proven beneficial in patients with severe lung injury subjected to mechanical ventilation (mv), especially in those with lobar involvement. we assessed the impact of pp on unilateral pneumonia in rabbits subjected to mv.201323416383
optimization of cultural conditions for conversion of glycerol to ethanol by enterobacter aerogenes s012.the aim of this research is to optimize the cultural conditions for the conversion of glycerol to ethanol by enterobacter aerogenes s012. taguchi method was used to screen the cultural conditions based on their signal to noise ratio (sn). temperature (°c), agitation speed (rpm) and time (h) were found to have the highest influence on both glycerol utilization and ethanol production by the organism while ph had the lowest. full factorial design, statistical analysis, and regression model equation ...201323388539
search for new tools to combat gram-negative resistant bacteria among amine derivatives of 5-arylidenehydantoin.a series of amine-alkyl derivatives of 5-arylidenehydantoin 3-21 was evaluated for their ability to improve antibiotic effectiveness in two strains of gram-negative enterobacter aerogenes: the reference strain (atcc-13048) and the chloramphenicol-resistant derivative over-producing the acrab-tolc efflux pump (cm-64). three antibiotics, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid and sparfloxacin were used as markers of efflux pump activity. new compounds (5-16) were obtained within 3-4 step synthesis using ...201323218781
development of a practical complete-kill assay to evaluate anti-acanthamoeba drugs.acanthamoeba keratitis is a debilitating eye disease that requires effective topical drug therapy. currently, there is no standard in vitro test to evaluate anti-acanthamoeba drugs.201324077460
infection due to colistin-resistant enterobacteriacae in critically-ill patients.this study was conducted in response to the rising incidence of drug resistance observed in the intensive care unit (icu) of king fahad medical city.201324129623
the rhizome of the multidrug-resistant enterobacter aerogenes genome reveals how new "killer bugs" are created because of a sympatric lifestyle.here, we sequenced the 5,419,609 bp circular genome of an enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolate that killed a patient and was resistant to almost all current antibiotics (except gentamicin) commonly used to treat enterobacterial infections, including colistin. genomic and phylogenetic analyses explain the discrepancies of this bacterium and show that its core genome originates from another genus, klebsiella. atypical characteristics of this bacterium (i.e., motility, presence of ornithine deca ...201323071100
klebsiella michiganensis sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from a tooth brush holder.isolate w14(t) recovered from a household tooth brush holder was found to be gram-negative, a facultative anaerobic, non-motile, capsulated, and a non-endospore-forming straight rod. based on phylogenetic analysis with 16s rrna gene sequence, isolate w14(t) was affiliated to the genus klebsiella. the closest phylogenetic relative was k. oxytoca with 99 % similarity in the 16s rrna gene sequence. the major whole-cell fatty acids were c(16:0) (31.23 %), c(18:1ω6c)/c(18:1ω7c) (21.10 %), and c(16:1ω ...201323053492
evidence-based docking of the urease activation complex.ureases require accessory proteins for their activation and proper function. in klebsiella aerogenes, ured, uref, ureg, and uree are sequentially complexed to ureabc as required for its activation. until now, only low-resolution structures are available for this activation complex. to circumvent such limitation, our work intends to provide an atomic-level model for the (ureabc-uredfg)₃ complex from k. aerogenes, by employing comparative modeling associated to sequential macromolecular dockings, ...201322962938
promiscuity comes at a price: catalytic versatility vs efficiency in different metal ion derivatives of the potential bioremediator gpdq.the glycerophosphodiesterase from enterobacter aerogenes (gpdq) is a highly promiscuous dinuclear metallohydrolase with respect to both substrate specificity and metal ion composition. while this promiscuity may adversely affect the enzyme's catalytic efficiency its ability to hydrolyse some organophosphates (ops) and by-products of op degradation have turned gpdq into a promising candidate for bioremedial applications. here, we investigated both metal ion binding and the effect of the metal ion ...201322366468
essential oil variation in the populations of artemisia spicigera from northwest of iran: chemical composition and antibacterial activity.artemisia spicigera c. koch (asteraceae) is a perennial shrubby herb and is generally distributed in armenia, iran, and middle anatolia. this species traditionally has been used in medicines.201323126238
heat resistance of histamine-producing bacteria in irradiated tuna loins.consumption of foods high in biogenic amines leads to an illness known as histamine, or scombrotoxin, poisoning. the illness is commonly associated with consumption of fish with high levels of histamine ( $ 500 ppm). the objective of this study was to determine and compare the heat resistance of five histamine-producing bacteria in irradiated albacore tuna loins. heat-resistance parameters (d- and z-values) were determined for morganella morganii, raoultella planticola, hafnia alvei, and enterob ...201323992506
biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by enterobacter aerogenes tj-d isolated from activated sludge.bacterial strain enterobacter aerogenes tj-d capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. the ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by e. aerogenes tj-d was investigated under denitrifying conditions. under optimal conditions of temperature (35 degrees c) and initial ph 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/l was degraded within 176 hr. the degradation of 2-methylquinoline by e. aerogenes tj-d cou ...201324218841
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from marine seaweed sargassum cinereum and their antibacterial activity.seaweed extracts of sargassum cinereum was used as a reducing agent in the eco-friendly extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (agno3). high conversion of silver ions to silver nanoparticles was achieved with a reaction temperature of 100(°) and a seaweed extract concentration of 10% with a residential time of 3 h. formation of silver nanoparticles was characterised by spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscope. the average particle ...201324403664
aerobic microbial community of insectary population of phlebotomus papatasi.microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease.201325629067
aerobic microbial community of insectary population of phlebotomus papatasi.microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease.201325629067
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from periplaneta americana and blattella germanica in varanasi, india.cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. they may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with antibiotic resistance. hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. this study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from periplaneta americana and blattella germanica in varanasi, india.201325629061
the new species enterobacter oryziphilus sp. nov. and enterobacter oryzendophyticus sp. nov. are key inhabitants of the endosphere of rice.six independent gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nitrogen-fixing rod-shaped isolates were obtained from the root endosphere of rice grown at the international rice research institute (irri) and investigated in a polyphasic taxonomic study.201323865888
distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, ampc β-lactamases, and carbapenemases among enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal infections in the asia-pacific region: results of the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart).the increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide threat. enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal infections (iai) from the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart) collected in 2008 and 2009 from the asia-pacific region were investigated. detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls), ampc β-lactamases, and carbapenemases was performed by multiplex pcr. a total of 699 enterobacteriaceae isolates with positive genotypic resu ...201323587958
emergence of carbapenemaseproducing klebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type 258 in michigan, usa.the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in our hospital increased beginning in 2009. we aimed to study the clinical and molecular epidemiology of these emerging isolates. we performed a retrospective review of all adult patients with clinical cultures confirmed as cpe by positive modified hodge test from 5/2009- 5/2010 at the university of michigan health system (umhs). clinical information was obtained from electronic medical records. available cpe isolates were analy ...201324470956
assessment of phytochemicals, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of extract and fractions from fagonia olivieri (zygophyllaceae).in pakistan fagonia olivieri (zygophyllaceae) is commonly used in the indigenous system of medicine for treatment of conditions like diabetes, cancer, fever, asthma, toothache, stomach troubles and kidney disorders. this study evaluated the crude methanol extract of f. olivieri (fom) and its derived fractions for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities as well as the classes of phytochemical.201323842440
acanthamoeba castellanii of the t4 genotype is a potential environmental host for enterobacter aerogenes and aeromonas hydrophila.acanthamoeba can interact with a wide range of microorganisms such as viruses, algae, yeasts, protists and bacteria including legionella pneumophila, pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae, helicobacter pylori, listeria monocytogenes, mycobacterium spp., and escherichia coli. in this capacity, acanthamoeba has been suggested as a vector in the transmission of bacterial pathogens to the susceptible hosts.201323742105
formiminoglutamase from trypanosoma cruzi is an arginase-like manganese metalloenzyme.the crystal structure of formiminoglutamase from trypanosoma cruzi (tcfigase) is reported at 1.85 å resolution. although the structure of this enzyme was previously determined by the structural genomics of pathogenic protozoa consortium (pdb accession code 2a0m), this structure was determined at low ph and lacked bound metal ions; accordingly, the protein was simply annotated as "arginase superfamily protein" with undetermined function. we show that reconstitution of this protein with mn²⁺ confe ...201324261485
identification and characterization of sulfated carbohydrate-binding protein from lactobacillus reuteri.we previously purified a putative sulfated-galactosylceramide (sulfatide)-binding protein with a molecular weight of 47 kda from the cell surface of lactobacillus reuteri jcm1081. the aim of this study was to identify the 47-kda protein, examine its binding to sulfated glycolipids and mucins, and evaluate its role in bacterial adhesion to mucosal surfaces. by cloning and sequencing analysis, the 47-kda protein was identified as elongation factor-tu (ef-tu). adhesion properties were examined usin ...201324391811
irreproducible and uninterpretable polymyxin b mics for enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes.carbapenem-resistant enterobacter species are emerging nosocomial pathogens. as with most multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens, the polymyxins are often the only therapeutic option. in this study involving clinical isolates of e. cloacae and e. aerogenes, susceptibility testing methods with polymyxin b were analyzed. all isolates underwent testing by the broth microdilution (in duplicate) and agar dilution (in duplicate) methods, and select isolates were examined by the etest method. sele ...201324088860
in vitro antibacterial efficacy of 21 indian timber-yielding plants against multidrug-resistant bacteria causing urinary tract infection.to screen methanolic leaf extracts of 21 timber-yielding plants for antibacterial activity against nine species of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples of a hospital (enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa).201324524024
synthesis, optimization, and characterization of silver nanoparticles from acinetobacter calcoaceticus and their enhanced antibacterial activity when combined with antibiotics.the development of nontoxic methods of synthesizing nanoparticles is a major step in nanotechnology to allow their application in nanomedicine. the present study aims to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (agnps) using a cell-free extract of acinetobacter spp. and evaluate their antibacterial activity.201324235826
in vitro activity of ceftaroline-avibactam against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens isolated from patients in canadian hospitals from 2010 to 2012: results from the canward surveillance study.the in vitro activities of ceftaroline-avibactam, ceftaroline, and comparative agents were determined for a collection of bacterial pathogens frequently isolated from patients seeking care at 15 canadian hospitals from january 2010 to december 2012. in total, 9,758 isolates were tested by using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) broth microdilution method (document m07-a9, 2012), with mics interpreted by using clsi breakpoints (document m100-s23, 2013). ceftaroline-avibactam ...201323979759
surveillance of multidrug resistant uropathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in indian.to record surveillance, antibiotic resistance of uropathogens of hospitalized patients over a period of 18 months.201323620859
imine reductases: a comparison of glutamate dehydrogenase to ketimine reductases in the brain.a key intermediate in the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-catalyzed reaction is an imine. mechanistically, therefore, gdh exhibits similarities to the ketimine reductases. in the current review, we briefly discuss (a) the metabolic importance of the gdh reaction in liver and brain, (b) the mechanistic similarities between gdh and the ketimine reductases, (c) the metabolic importance of the brain ketimine reductases, and (d) the neurochemical consequences of defective ketimine reductases. our revie ...201323314864
imine reductases: a comparison of glutamate dehydrogenase to ketimine reductases in the brain.a key intermediate in the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh)-catalyzed reaction is an imine. mechanistically, therefore, gdh exhibits similarities to the ketimine reductases. in the current review, we briefly discuss (a) the metabolic importance of the gdh reaction in liver and brain, (b) the mechanistic similarities between gdh and the ketimine reductases, (c) the metabolic importance of the brain ketimine reductases, and (d) the neurochemical consequences of defective ketimine reductases. our revie ...201323314864
volatiles produced by soil-borne endophytic bacteria increase plant pathogen resistance and affect tritrophic interactions.volatile organic compounds (vocs) released by soil microorganisms influence plant growth and pathogen resistance. yet, very little is known about their influence on herbivores and higher trophic levels. we studied the origin and role of a major bacterial voc, 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd), on plant growth, pathogen and herbivore resistance, and the attraction of natural enemies in maize. one of the major contributors to 2,3-bd in the headspace of soil-grown maize seedlings was identified as enterobact ...201324127750
antimicrobial efficacy and phytochemical analysis of indigofera trita linn.an in vitro antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of various extracts of indigofera trita l. viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts were carried out. a total of 21 microorganisms (19 bacteria and 2 fungal strains) were used for antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method and a standard procedure was used to identify the phytochemical constituents. petroleum ether extract showed moderate inhibitory activity against staphylococcus aureus (14.40 mm), ...201324146483
the rare sugar d-allose acts as a triggering molecule of rice defence via ros generation.only d-allose, among various rare monosaccharides tested, induced resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in susceptible rice leaves with defence responses: reactive oxygen species, lesion mimic formation, and pr-protein gene expression. these responses were suppressed by ascorbic acid or diphenylene iodonium. transgenic rice plants overexpressing osrbohc, encoding nadph oxidase, were enhanced in sensitivity to d-allose. d-allose-mediated defence responses were suppressed by the presence of ...201324014866
platelets recognize brain-specific glycolipid structures, respond to neurovascular damage and promote neuroinflammation.platelets respond to vascular damage and contribute to inflammation, but their role in the neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. we found that the systemic administration of brain lipid rafts induced a massive platelet activation and degranulation resulting in a life-threatening anaphylactic-like response in mice. platelets were engaged by the sialated glycosphingolipids (gangliosides) integrated in the rigid structures of astroglial and neuronal lipid rafts. the brain-abundant gangliosides gt1 ...201323555611
microbial alkyl- and aryl-sulfatases: mechanism, occurrence, screening and stereoselectivities.this review gives an overview on the occurrence of sulfatases in prokaryota, eukaryota and archaea. the mechanism of enzymes acting with retention or inversion of configuration during sulfate ester hydrolysis is discussed taking two complementary examples. methods for the discovery of novel alkyl sulfatases are described by way of sequence-based search and enzyme induction. a comprehensive list of organisms with their respective substrate scope regarding prim- and sec-alkyl sulfate esters allows ...201324352732
microbial alkyl- and aryl-sulfatases: mechanism, occurrence, screening and stereoselectivities.this review gives an overview on the occurrence of sulfatases in prokaryota, eukaryota and archaea. the mechanism of enzymes acting with retention or inversion of configuration during sulfate ester hydrolysis is discussed taking two complementary examples. methods for the discovery of novel alkyl sulfatases are described by way of sequence-based search and enzyme induction. a comprehensive list of organisms with their respective substrate scope regarding prim- and sec-alkyl sulfate esters allows ...201324352732
[the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia in newborn and the changes of isolated pathogens].to study the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in newborn and the profiles of isolated pathogens.201324059113
[investigation of the presence of new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) by pcr in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative isolates].bacteria producing new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) exhibit high level resistance to beta-lactams including carbapenems. this broad-spectrum resistance limits treatment options for infections caused by ndm-1 producers. ndm-1 was first isolated from an indian patient in sweden; since then, ndm-1 producing isolates have been identified in many countries including turkey. in this study, we investigated the presence of ndm-1 by pcr method in various gram-negative isolates recovered from cl ...201323621739
conservative management of severe bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis: case series and review of literature.emphysematous pyelonephritis (epn) is a life-threatening condition most commonly observed in diabetes, with nephrectomy believed to be the treatment of choice. however, nephrectomy in epn is associated with increased risk of complications secondary to associated hemodynamic instability and may result in lifelong hemodialysis in case of bilateral epn. we present three patients of severe bilateral epn and one patient of unilateral epn with diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) successfully managed conservat ...201324251204
studies on bioflocculant production by a mixed culture of methylobacterium sp. obi and actinobacterium sp. mayor.bioflocculants effect the aggregation of suspended solutes in solutions thus, a viable alternative to inorganic poly-ionic and synthetic organic flocculants which are associated with deleterious health problems. consequently, a consortium of two bacteria species were evaluated for optimized bioflocculant yield following the inadequacies of axenic cultures.201323915393
cu(ii), ni(ii), and zn(ii) complexes of salan-type ligand containing ester groups: synthesis, characterization, electrochemical properties, and in vitro biological activities.a salen ligand on reduction and n-alkylation affords a novel [n2o2] chelating ligand containing ester groups [l = diethyl-2,2'-(propane-1,3-diylbis((2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzyl)azanediyl))diacetate]. the purity of the ligand was confirmed by nmr and hplc chromatograms. its cu(ii), ni(ii), and zn(ii) complexes were synthesized and characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, ir, nmr, uv-vis, and mass spectral data, and thermogravimetric analysis (tg/dta). the magnetic moments, uv-vis, and ...201323983672
sulfatase-activated fluorophores for rapid discrimination of mycobacterial species and strains.most current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis do not reveal the species or strain of pathogen causing pulmonary infection, which can lead to inappropriate treatment regimens and the spread of disease. here, we report an assay for mycobacterial strain assignment based on genetically conserved mycobacterial sulfatases. we developed a sulfatase-activated probe, 7-hydroxy-9h-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one)-sulfate, that detects enzyme activity in native protein gels, allowing the rapid det ...201323878250
inhibition of cyp2c19 and cyp3a4 by omeprazole metabolites and their contribution to drug-drug interactions.the aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of metabolites to drug-drug interactions (ddi) using the inhibition of cyp2c19 and cyp3a4 by omeprazole and its metabolites as a model. of the metabolites identified in vivo, 5-hydroxyomeprazole, 5'-o-desmethylomeprazole, omeprazole sulfone, and carboxyomeprazole had a metabolite to parent area under the plasma concentration-time curve (auc(m)/auc(p)) ratio ≥ 0.25 when either total or unbound concentrations were measured after a single 20-mg ...201323620487
influence of azelaic and mandelic acid peels on sebum secretion in ageing women.azelaic acid and mandelic acid are superficial peels commonly applied in people of various age groups. as they are mild and do not cause any side effects, they are also often used in elderly people.201324278065
spliced dna sequences in the paramecium germline: their properties and evolutionary potential.despite playing a crucial role in germline-soma differentiation, the evolutionary significance of developmentally regulated genome rearrangements (drgrs) has received scant attention. an example of drgr is dna splicing, a process that removes segments of dna interrupting genic and/or intergenic sequences. perhaps, best known for shaping immune-system genes in vertebrates, dna splicing plays a central role in the life of ciliated protozoa, where thousands of germline dna segments are eliminated a ...201323737328
structure-guided discovery of the metabolite carboxy-sam that modulates trna function.the identification of novel metabolites and the characterization of their biological functions are major challenges in biology. x-ray crystallography can reveal unanticipated ligands that persist through purification and crystallization. these adventitious protein-ligand complexes provide insights into new activities, pathways and regulatory mechanisms. we describe a new metabolite, carboxy-s-adenosyl-l-methionine (cx-sam), its biosynthetic pathway and its role in transfer rna modification. the ...201323676670
cysteine-conjugated metabolite of ginger component [6]-shogaol serves as a carrier of [6]-shogaol in cancer cells and in mice.shogaols, a series of major constituents in dried ginger (zingiber officinale), show high anticancer potencies. previously, we reported that a major metabolite resulting from the mercapturic acid pathway, 5-cysteinyl-[6]-shogaol (m2), showed comparable growth inhibitory effects toward cancer cells to [6]-shogaol (6s). here, we probe the mechanism by which m2 exerts its bioactivity. we utilized a series of chemical stability tests in conjunction with bioassays to show that thiol-conjugates displa ...201323638641
atypical mycobacterial exit-site infection and peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients on prophylactic exit-site gentamicin cream.we report 9 cases of exit-site infection and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis associated with atypical mycobacteria. all patients had been using topical gentamicin cream as prophylaxis for exit-site infection before the onset of these infections. gentamicin cream is postulated to be a potential risk factor for atypical mycobacterial infection because of selective pressure on other micro-organisms. the microbiology of atypical mycobacteria and the treatment for atypical mycob ...201323032088
characterising the biology of novel lytic bacteriophages infecting multidrug resistant klebsiella pneumoniae.members of the genus klebsiella are among the leading microbial pathogens associated with nosocomial infection. the increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance in these species has propelled the need for alternate/combination therapeutic regimens to aid clinical treatment. bacteriophage therapy forms one of these alternate strategies.201323537199
inositol, glycogen, insulin, and six nobelists. 201323515311
directed evolution: past, present and future.directed evolution, the laboratory process by which biological entities with desired traits are created through iterative rounds of genetic diversification and library screening or selection, has become one of the most useful and widespread tools in basic and applied biology. from its roots in classical strain engineering and adaptive evolution, modern directed evolution came of age twenty years ago with the demonstration of repeated rounds of pcr-driven random mutagenesis and activity screening ...201325733775
characterization of thiol-conjugated metabolites of ginger components shogaols in mouse and human urine and modulation of the glutathione levels in cancer cells by [6]-shogaol.shogaols, a series of major constituents in dried ginger with the most abundant being [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-shogaols, show much higher anticancer potencies than gingerols. previously, we reported the mercapturic acid pathway as a major metabolic route for [6]-shogaol in mice. however, it is still unclear how the side chain length affects the metabolism of shogaols and how shogaols are metabolized in humans.201323322393
identification of enterobacteriaceae by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using the vitek ms system.this multicenter study evaluated the accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry identifications from the vitek ms system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) for enterobacteriaceae typically encountered in the clinical laboratory. enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 965) representing 17 genera and 40 species were analyzed on the vitek ms system (database v2.0), in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. colony growth (≤72 h) was app ...201323818163
antimicrobial activity of schinus lentiscifolius (anacardiaceae).schinus lentiscifolius marchand (syn. schinus weinmannifolius engl) is a plant native to rio grande do sul (southern brazil) and has been used in brazilian traditional medicine as antiseptic and antimicrobial for the treatment of many different health problems as well as to treat leucorrhea and to assist in ulcer and wound healing. although it is a plant widely used by the population, there are no studies proving this popular use.201323684720
synthesis and characterization of a series of transition metal complexes with a new symmetrical polyoxaaza macroacyclic schiff base ligand: x-ray crystal structure of cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes and their antibacterial properties.a new symmetrical [n4o2] hexadentate schiff base ligand, (e)-n-(pyridin-2-ylmethylene)-2-(3-(2-((e)-pyridin-2-lmethyleneamino)phenoxy)naphthalen-2-yloxy)benzenamine, abbreviated to l, and its complexes of ni(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), co(ii), cd(ii) and mn(ii) have been synthesized in the presence of metal ions. the complexes were structurally characterized by elemental analyses, ir, uv-vis, nmr and molar conductivity. the crystal structures of two complexes, [nil(ono2)2]·2h2o and [colcl2]ch3oh·0.5h2o ...201323099161
postprocessing microflora of commercial attieke (a fermented cassava product) produced in the south of côte d'ivoire.the distribution and presence of hygiene indicator and pathogenic micro-organisms in 375 samples of attieke marketed in côte d'ivoire, and their roles in the food poisoning were evaluated. microbiological analyses were carried out, which included the total viable bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, bacillus spores, fungi and clostridium perfringens. the results revealed that the viable bacteria counts ranged from 2·2 ± 1·2 × 10(5) to 3·4 ± 1·4 × 10(6) cfu g( ...201323078634
the presence of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial pathogens in endotracheal tube biofilms and corresponding surveillance cultures.mechanically ventilated patients often develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap). soon after intubation, a mixed biofilm harboring microbial pathogens is formed on the endotracheal tube (et). it is believed that this biofilm contributes to the development of vap. unfortunately, the causative agent is often not known at the time vap is suspected, and early therapy often relies on the identification of surveillance cultures (sc). it is thus important to know whether these sc can predict the mi ...201324115610
antimicrobial ergosteroids and pyrrole derivatives from halotolerant aspergillus flocculosus pt05-1 cultured in a hypersaline medium.in order to obtain more structurally novel and bioactive lead compounds for subsequent drug discovery, we have shifted the focus of our study from traditional microbial resources to 'extremophiles'. in this study, a halotolerant fungus aspergillus flocculosus pt05-1 was isolated from the sediment of putian saltern of fujian province of china in a hypersaline medium. two new compounds, (22r,23s)-epoxy-3β,11α,14β,16β-tetrahydroxyergosta-5,7-dien-12-one (1) and 6-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)hexa-1,3,5-trienyl- ...201324030481
purpurides b and c, two new sesquiterpene esters from the aciduric fungus penicillium purpurogenum js03-21.purpurides b and c (1 and 2, resp.), two new sesquiterpene alcohol esters generated from a drimane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone and an amino acid, together with two known analogs, berkedrimane b (3) and purpuride (4), were isolated from the aciduric fungus penicillium purpurogenum js03-21. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, x-ray single-crystal diffraction, and application of marfey's method. compounds 1-4 showed modest antifungal activities against candida albicans with ...201323847064
urinary tract infection among symptomatic outpatients visiting a tertiary hospital based in midwestern nigeria.microbial pathogens implicated in urinary tract infection and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns as prevalent in uti symptomatic outpatients resident in benin city, nigeria was the focus of this study. one hundred (100) midstream urine samples were collected into sterile plastic universal bottles from outpatients who visited the university of benin teaching hospital, nigeria and who were tentatively diagnosed as manifesting symptoms of uti. patients were referred to the medical microbiolog ...201323445708
new pyran-2-ones from alkalophilic actinomycete, nocardiopsis alkaliphila sp. nov. yim-80379.two new pyran-2-ones, nocardiopyrones a and b (1 and 2, resp.), along with four known compounds, pyridinols 3-5, and 1-acetyl-β-carboline (6) were isolated from the alkalophilic actinomycete nocardiopsis alkaliphila sp. nov. yim-80379. their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, cd spectra, and the quantum-chemical ecd calculation. pyridinols 3-5 were isolated from a natural source for the first time. compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antibacterial activities against ps ...201323418175
isolation and characterization of dna aptamers against escherichia coli using a bacterial cell-systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment approach.aptamers are powerful capturing probes against various targets such as proteins, small organic compounds, metal ions, and even cells. in this study, we isolated and characterized single-stranded dna (ssdna) aptamers against escherichia coli. a total of 28 ssdnas were isolated after 10 rounds of selection using a bacterial cell-selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) process. other bacterial species (klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, an ...201323357235
genetic characterization of tigecycline resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes.the intrinsically encoded rama gene has been linked to tigecycline resistance through the up-regulation of efflux pump acrab in enterobacter cloacae. the molecular basis for increased rama expression in e. cloacae and enterobacter aerogenes, as well as the role of arac regulator rara, has not yet been shown. to ascertain the intrinsic molecular mechanism(s) involved in tigecycline resistance in enterobacter spp., we analysed the expression levels of rama and rara and corresponding efflux pump ge ...201323349441
cytotoxicity, mode of action and antibacterial activities of selected saudi arabian medicinal plants.the flora of saudi arabia is one of the richest biodiversity areas in the arabian peninsula and comprises very important genetic resources of crop and medicinal plants. the present study was designed to investigate the cytotoxicity and the antibacterial activities of the organic extracts from twenty six saudi arabian medicinal plants. the study was also extended to the investigation of the effects of the extracts from the four best plants, ononis serrata (sy160), haplophyllum tuberculatum (sy177 ...201324330397
development of glycerol-utilizing escherichia coli strain for the production of bioethanol.the production of bioethanol was studied using recombinant escherichia coli with glycerol as a carbon source. glycerol is an attractive feedstock for biofuels production since it is generated as a major byproduct in biodiesel industry; therefore, we investigated the conversion of glycerol to bioethanol using e. coli bl21 (de3) which harbors several genes in ethanol production pathway of enterobacter aerogenes kctc 2190. fermentation was carried out at 34°c for 42h, ph 7.6, using defined producti ...201323830464
fast coliform detection in portable microbe enrichment unit (pmeu) with colilert(®) medium and bubbling.laboratory strains of coliforms escherichia coli and klebsiella mobilis were used to artificially contaminate water samples in two different cultivation and detection systems, without and with bubble flow. samples were collected with an automated system (ascs). the positive coliform signal caused the color change into yellow (at 550-570nm). this signal could also be transmitted on-line to cell phones. e. coli containing samples emitted uv fluorescence at 480-560nm when activated by uv light. if ...201323790362
national multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb) surveillance in france through the raisin network: a 9 year experience.in the mid-1990s, the prevalence rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria (mdrb) in french hospitals was high and control of mdrb spread then became a major priority in the national infection control programme (icp).201323194721
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