Publications

species specific membrane proteins of legionellaceae.	the protein composition of the outer membrane and the whole cell wall of 21 strains representing 14 different serotypes of seven different legionella species has been determined by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the insoluble residue after extraction of cell envelopes with sodium laurylsarcosinate was considered to represent the outer membrane. alternatively isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation could be used; this approach gave similar results to the deter ...	1983	6637232
community-acquired legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) infection in sweden.	the first case of legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) infection in sweden is presented. a previously healthy 68-yr-old man fell ill with diarrhoea, fever, and mental confusion. subsequently chest roentgenography revealed pneumonic infiltrates and a seroconversion to l. micdadei was shown. no source or transmission of infection was established. the only notable event was that the patient had been drinking rain-water from a barrel 1 day prior to his illness. an alimentary route of inf ...	1983	6648375
diagnosis of legionella micdadei pneumonia from cytologic specimens.	legionella micdadei is a recently described opportunistic pulmonary pathogen that produces an acute, suppurative pneumonia in patients receiving steroid therapy. most prospective diagnoses have been made by open lung biopsy. we present a case in which the diagnosis was made from cytologic material. the clinicopathologic features of l. micdadei pneumonia are discussed, and criteria for diagnosis from cytologic specimens are presented.	1983	6575538
legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent). two infections with unusual clinical features.	we describe herein the clinical features, diagnosis, and successful treatment of two patients with legionella micdadei pneumonia, the pittsburgh pneumonia agent. the rapid pulmonary cavitation and relapse of symptoms after a course of therapy in a renal transplant recipient, and the prolonged illness with hemorrhagic pleural fluid, splenomegaly, and multiple-organ dysfunction in a nonimmunocompromised host, illustrate the clinical spectrum of infections with this organism.	1983	6338266
prevalence of pneumonias caused by legionella species among patients on whom autopsies were performed.	we wanted to determine the prevalence of pneumonias caused by legionella species among patients on whom autopsies were performed in two medical centers in st louis from january 1976 to june 1981. we screened formaldehyde-fixed deparaffinized lung tissue sections with microscopic evidence of pneumonia from 97 patients with use of the direct immunofluorescence antibody technique with a multivalent antilegionella conjugate containing antibodies to legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 through 4 plus ...	1983	6344838
pittsburgh pneumonia agent in a cadaveric renal transplant recipient.	pittsburgh pneumonia agent, legionella micdadei, is a recently recognized source of pulmonary infection in immunocompromised hosts. a literature review suggests a typical pattern of clinical and radiologic presentation, of which the following case is representative. eighteen of twenty-one infections have occurred in recipients of cadaveric renal transplants, defining a population at risk. the onset often occurred within days to weeks of bolus doses of corticosteroids. fever, often accompanied by ...	1983	6360453
production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in medium used to culture legionella pneumophila: catalytic decomposition by charcoal.	the difficulties associated with the growth of legionella species in common laboratory media may be due to the sensitivity of these organisms to low levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals. exposure of yeast extract (ye) broth to fluorescent light generated superoxide radicals (3 microm/h) and hydrogen peroxide (16 microm/h). autoclaved ye medium was more prone to photochemical oxidation than ye medium sterilized by filtration. activated charcoals and, to a lesser extent, graphite, b ...	1983	6303219
antigenic analysis of legionella pneumophila and tatlockia micdadei (legionella micdadei) by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis.	the antigens of the six serogroups of legionella pneumophila were compared by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis by using rabbit antisera to serogroups 1, 2, 3 and 4. the close relationship among the serogroups was shown by the fact that 27 of the 31 antigens demonstrated so far were common. however, distinctive group-specific antigens with slow electrophoretic mobility were observed for serogroups 1, 2, 3, and 4. when intact serogroup 1 organisms were extracted with edta, the group ...	1982	6173328
occurrence and immunogenicity of proteinases from legionella species.	proteinases produced by various legionella species were studied by means of caseinate precipitation. proteinase production was particularly high in strains of legionella pneumophila (serogroups 1-6), much lower in other legionella species, and absent in legionella micdadei strain tatlock. immunoglobulins against proteinases of legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1, strain philadelphia 1) inhibited the proteinase activity of all strains of legionella pneumophila, legionella bozemanii, legionella du ...	1982	6184221
bactericidal activity of antibiotics against legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent).	the bactericidal activity of five antibiotics for legionella micdadei was determined by the construction of time-kill curves. erythromycin, rifampin, penicillin g, cephalothin, and gentamicin were bactericidal for l. micdadei at readily achievable concentrations. the minimal bactericidal concentrations, defined as those producing 99.9% killing within 24 h, were: erythromycin, 4.6; rifampin, 0.13; penicillin g, 0.25; cephalothin, 2.5; and gentamicin, 0.25 micrograms/ml. the ratios of the minimal ...	1982	6927637
the use of tracheal and pulmonary aspiration to diagnose legionella micdadei pneumonia.	legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) pneumonia was diagnosed in three patients by transtracheal aspiration and in a fourth patient by percutaneous lung aspiration on two occasions. the organism was identified by direct fluorescent antibody staining and by culture in each case. diagnosis by aspiration of the respiratory tract was rapid, specific, and safe. this allowed early institution of specific antimicrobial therapy in a group of severely ill, immunocompromised patients. these tec ...	1982	6754273
pittsburgh pneumonia agent: chest film manifestations.	pittsburgh pneumonia agent, legionella micdadei, is a gram-negative, weakly acid-fast bacillus, recently recognized as a cause of pulmonary infection in the immunocompromised host. the chest radiographic findings in seven patients with this disease are reported. these consist of single or multiple nodules and segmental infiltrates involving part of all of one or more lobes. a striking feature in this series was the rapid growth of the pulmonary densities.	1982	7034507
isolation of pittsburgh pneumonia agent from a hospital shower.	tatlockia (legionella) micdadei, the pittsburgh pneumonia agent, was isolated from a hospital shower. although it was not possible, at the current time, to establish an epidemiological link to disease acquisition, this information may be significant because it provides further evidence that a water-associated reservoir of this organism exists within the hospital.	1982	7073279
hot water systems as sources of legionella pneumophila in hospital and nonhospital plumbing fixtures.	samples obtained from plumbing systems of hospitals, nonhospital institutions and homes were cultured for legionella spp. by plating the samples directly on a selective medium. swab samples were taken from the inner surfaces of faucet assemblies (aerators, spouts, and valve seats), showerheads, and shower pipes. water and sediment were collected from the bottom of hot-water tanks. legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 5, and 6 were recovered from plumbing fixtures of the hospitals and nonhospital ...	1982	7103477
acanthamoebiasis and immunosuppression. case report.	immunosuppression and debilitating illnesses are occasionally associated with multifocal brain lesions of acanthamoebiasis, an encephalitis distinct from the acute, water-sport related meningoencephalitis caused by naegleria fowler. a 38-year-old man with a renal transplant two and one-half years before his final illness developed pneumonia due to legionella micdadei. candida albicans was isolated from sputum and cytomegalovirus was found in lung and liver biopsies. he had continuous corticoster ...	1982	7108568
lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against bacteria of the family legionellaceae.	a lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains 6-5-s and 12 was found to be present, against representatives of three legionella species: legionella pneumophila-strains knoxville 1 (serogroup 1), togus 1 (serogroup 2), bloomington 2 (serogroup 3) and los angeles 1 (serogroup 4); legionella micdadei-strain tatlock; legionella bozemanii-strain wiga, as well as against strains of legionella pneumophila isolated in bulgaria-draginovo 1, 2, 3-belonging to serogroup 1. it is suggested that b. ...	1982	7124158
legionella micdadei pneumonia. historical perspective of a new pneumonia.		1982	7140393
legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) infection in nonimmunosuppressed patients with pneumonia.		1981	7212505
growth of the pittsburgh pneumonia agent in animal cell cultures.	pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei) grew in monkey, chicken, and human cell cultures. pittsburgh pneumonia agent grew predominantly in the cytoplasm, resulting in a nonfocal, mild cytopathic effect.	1981	7287191
detection of cell-associated or soluble antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, legionella gormanii, and legionella micdadei by staphylococcal coagglutination tests.	current methods used for the detection of whole-cell isolates of legionella or for the detection of legionella soluble antigens are technically impractical for many clinical laboratories. the purpose of this study was to explore practical alternatives. the results showed that whole cell isolates of legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, legionella gormanii, and legionella micdadei were identified specifically by a simple slide agglutination test or s ...	1981	7287888
successful treatment of legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) pneumonia with erythromycin.	optimal treatment of legionella micdadei pneumonia has not been established, although in vitro studies have shown the pathogen to be sensitive to erythromycin. at our institution, l. micdadei pneumonia was diagnosed in six patients over a one and one-half year period. all patients were immunocompromised and had a typical clinical syndrome; in four of six, diagnosis was made by isolation of the pathogen. all patients received erythromycin (2 to 4 g daily) for 12 to 27 days, and five of six recove ...	1981	7304656
susceptibility of pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei) and other newly recognized members of the genus legionella to nineteen antimicrobial agents.	the susceptibilities of 11 strains representing the five recognized species of legionella were determined by agar dilution testing on buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar. all of the legionellae tested were susceptible to rifampin, erythromycin, rosaramycin, chloramphenicol, and the aminoglycosides and were resistant to clindamycin and vancomycin. susceptibilities to penicillins and cephalosporins were variable. legionella micdadei, legionella bozemanii, and legionella gormanii were susceptible ...	1981	7325645
dye-containing buffered charcoal-yeast extract medium for differentiation of members of the family legionellaceae.	the addition of 0.001% bromocresol purple and 0.001% bromothymol blue to buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar allowed differentiation between members of the family legionellaceae. on this medium, legionella pneumophila grew as relatively flat, pale green colonies, whereas tatlockia micdadei (gen. nov., comb. nov., pittsburgh pneumonia agent) produced blue-gray colonies. fluoribacter spp. (gen. nov., atypical legionella-like organisms) developed glistening colonies which were brighter green than ...	1981	7009642
legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent): direct fluoresent-antibody examination of infected human lung tissue and characterization of clinical isolates.	legionella micdadei (pittsburgh pneumonia agent) was identified by direct fluorescent-antibody (dfa) examination of lung tissue in six of seven persons diagnosed previously as having l. micdadei pneumonia only by histopathology and in four persons who also had positive cultures of the organism. no cross-reactions occurred with monospecific dfa conjugates prepared against legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 6, legionella bozemanii, legionella dumoffii, and legionella gormanii. one person had l ...	1981	7014621
primary isolation of a new strain of the tatlock/pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei).	pneumonia, empyema and lung abscesses developed in a patient following a neurosurgical procedure and associated short-term corticosteroid therapy. an organism identical to the tatlock/pittsburgh pneumonia agent (legionella micdadei) was the only organism isolated from multiple specimens from lung aspirates and chest tube drainage. the organism was isolated directly on charcoal yeast extract (cye) agar and classified as identical to the tatlock bacterium by direct immunofluorescent staining and b ...	1981	7020252
the pathology of the legionella pneumonias. a review of 74 cases and the literature.	following the discovery of legionella pneumophila as the cause of an epidemic of pneumonia at an american legion convention in philadelphia, a group of related bacteria were recognized as additional human pathogens. this newly established bacterial genus, legionella, includes the agents of legionnaires' disease, pittsburgh pneumonia, and several related infections. there are many similarities in the pathology of human infection caused by all the legionella species. all produce a severe confluent ...	1981	6166529
community-acquired legionella micdadei pneumonia.		1981	6109886