Publications

characterization of triticum aestivum abscisic acid receptors and a possible role for these in mediating fusairum head blight susceptibility in wheat.	abscisic acid (aba) is a well-characterized plant hormone, known to mediate developmental aspects as well as both abiotic and biotic stress responses. notably, the exogenous application of aba has recently been shown to increase susceptibility to the fungal pathogen fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of fusarium head blight (fhb) in wheat and other cereals. however roles and mechanisms associated with aba's modulation of pathogen responses remain enigmatic. here the identification of puta ...	2016	27755583
profiling of altered metabolomic states in nicotiana tabacum cells induced by priming agents.	metabolomics has developed into a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of plant metabolism. plant innate immune defenses can be activated and enhanced so that, subsequent to being pre-sensitized, plants are able to launch a stronger and faster defense response upon exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, a phenomenon known as priming. here, three contrasting chemical activators, namely acibenzolar-s-methyl, azelaic acid and riboflavin, were used to induce a primed state in nicotiana taba ...	2016	27803705
insect gallers and their plant hosts: from omics data to systems biology.	gall-inducing insects are capable of exerting a high level of control over their hosts' cellular machinery to the extent that the plant's development, metabolism, chemistry, and physiology are all altered in favour of the insect. many gallers are devastating pests in global agriculture and the limited understanding of their relationship with their hosts prevents the development of robust management strategies. omics technologies are proving to be important tools in elucidating the mechanisms inv ...	2016	27869732
the type iii secretion system effector seoc of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae and s. enterica subsp. arizonae adp-ribosylates src and inhibits opsonophagocytosis.	salmonella species utilize type iii secretion systems (t3sss) to translocate effectors into the cytosol of mammalian host cells, subverting cell signaling and facilitating the onset of gastroenteritis. in this study, we compared a draft genome assembly of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae strain 3588/07 against the genomes of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 and salmonella bongori strain 12419. s. enterica subsp. salamae encodes the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (s ...	2016	27736780
hydrogen cyanide in the rhizosphere: not suppressing plant pathogens, but rather regulating availability of phosphate.	plant growth promoting rhizobacteria produce chemical compounds with different benefits for the plant. among them, hcn is recognized as a biocontrol agent, based on its ascribed toxicity against plant pathogens. based on several past studies questioning the validity of this hypothesis, we have re-addressed the issue by designing a new set of in vitro experiments, to test if hcn-producing rhizobacteria could inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. the level of hcn produced by the rhizobacteria in v ...	2016	27917154
identification and characterization of two new 5-keto-4-deoxy-d-glucarate dehydratases/decarboxylases.	hexuronic acids such as d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid can be utilized via different pathways within the metabolism of microorganisms. one representative, the oxidative pathway, generates α-keto-glutarate as the direct link entering towards the citric acid cycle. the penultimate enzyme, keto-deoxy glucarate dehydratase/decarboxylase, catalyses the dehydration and decarboxylation of keto-deoxy glucarate to α-keto-glutarate semialdehyde. this enzymatic reaction can be tracked continuous ...	2016	27855668
a cysteine-rich protein kinase associates with a membrane immune complex and is required for cell death.	membrane localized proteins perceive and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. we performed quantitative proteomics on plasma membrane-enriched samples from arabidopsis treated with bacterial flagellin. we identified multiple receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) changing in abundance, including cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) that are upregulated upon perception of flagellin. crks possess extracellular cysteine-rich domains and comprise a gene family consisting of 46 members in arab ...	2016	27852951
a cysteine-rich protein kinase associates with a membrane immune complex and is required for cell death.	membrane localized proteins perceive and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. we performed quantitative proteomics on plasma membrane-enriched samples from arabidopsis treated with bacterial flagellin. we identified multiple receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) changing in abundance, including cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) that are upregulated upon perception of flagellin. crks possess extracellular cysteine-rich domains and comprise a gene family consisting of 46 members in arab ...	2016	27852951
a wheat cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase tacad12 contributes to host resistance to the sharp eyespot disease.	sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in arabidopsis, certain cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (cads) have been implicated in monolignol biosynthesis and in defense response to bacterial pathogen infection. however, little is known about cads in wheat defense responses to necrotrophic or soil-borne pathogens. in this study, we isolate a wheat cad gene tacad12 in response to r. cerealis infe ...	2016	27899932
the rna-binding protein csra plays a central role in positively regulating virulence factors in erwinia amylovora.	the gacs/gaca two-component system (also called grrs/grra) is a global regulatory system which is highly conserved among gamma-proteobacteria. this system positively regulates non-coding small regulatory rna csrb, which in turn binds to the rna-binding protein csra. however, how gacs/gaca-csr system regulates virulence traits in e. amylovora remains unknown. results from mutant characterization showed that the csrb mutant was hypermotile, produced higher amount of exopolysaccharide amylovoran, a ...	2016	27845410
proteomics analysis reveals novel host molecular mechanisms associated with thermotherapy of 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus'-infected citrus plants.	citrus huanglongbing (hlb), which is linked to the bacterial pathogen 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus' (las), is the most devastating disease of citrus plants, and longer-term control measures via breeding or genetic engineering have been unwieldy because all cultivated citrus species are susceptible to the disease. however, the degree of susceptibility varies among citrus species, which has prompted efforts to identify potential las resistance/tolerance-related genes in citrus plants for applicatio ...	2016	27842496
expression variations of mirnas and mrnas in rice (oryza sativa).	differences in expression levels are an important source of phenotypic variation within and between populations. micrornas (mirnas) are key players in post-transcriptional gene regulation that are important for plant development and stress responses. we surveyed expression variation of mirnas and mrnas of six accessions from two rice subspecies oryza sativa l. ssp. indica and oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica using deep sequencing. while more than half (53.7%) of the mature mirnas exhibit differenti ...	2016	27797952
comparative genomics of dna recombination and repair in cyanobacteria: biotechnological implications.	cyanobacteria are fascinating photosynthetic prokaryotes that are regarded as the ancestors of the plant chloroplast; the purveyors of oxygen and biomass for the food chain; and promising cell factories for an environmentally friendly production of chemicals. in colonizing most waters and soils of our planet, cyanobacteria are inevitably challenged by environmental stresses that generate dna damages. furthermore, many strains engineered for biotechnological purposes can use dna recombination to ...	2016	27881980
genome-wide identification of dicer-like, argonaute, and rna-dependent rna polymerase gene families in brassica species and functional analyses of their arabidopsis homologs in resistance to sclerotinia sclerotiorum.	rna silencing is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression and antiviral defense in plants. nevertheless, rna silencing machinery in the important oil crop brassica napus and function in resistance to the devastating fungal pathogen sclerotinia sclerotiorum are not well-understood. in this study, gene families of rna silencing machinery in b. napus were identified and their role in resistance to s. sclerotiorum was revealed. genome of the allopolyploid species b. napus possessed 8 dicer ...	2016	27833632
damps, mamps, and namps in plant innate immunity.	multicellular organisms have evolved systems/mechanisms to detect various forms of danger, including attack by microbial pathogens and a variety of pests, as well as tissue and cellular damage. detection via cell-surface receptors activates an ancient and evolutionarily conserved innate immune system.	2016	27782807
mir1918 enhances tomato sensitivity to phytophthora infestans infection.	late blight of tomato is caused by the oomycete pathogen phytophthora infestans. in our previous work, we identified and characterized a mir1918 in p. infestans (pi-mir1918), and showed that its sequence is similar to the sequence of tomato mir1918 (sly-mir1918). in this study, we used arabidopsis thaliana pre-mir159a as a backbone to synthesize pi-mir1918 via pcr and mutagenesis. the artificial pi-mir1918 was used to investigate the role of mir1918 in tomato-p. infestans interaction. trangenic ...	2016	27779242
opda has key role in regulating plant susceptibility to the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla in arabidopsis.	jasmonic acid (ja) is a plant hormone that plays important roles in regulating plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and herbivorous insects, but the role of ja in mediating the plant responses to root-knot nematodes has been unclear. here we show that an application of either methyl jasmonate (meja) or the ja-mimic coronatine (cor) on arabidopsis significantly reduced the number of galls caused by the root-knot nematode meloidogyne hapla. interestingly, the meja-induced resistance was i ...	2016	27822219
unraveling the early molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in response to phenanthrene exposure.	higher plants have to cope with increasing concentrations of pollutants of both natural and anthropogenic origin. given their capacity to concentrate and metabolize various compounds including pollutants, plants can be used to treat environmental problems - a process called phytoremediation. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the stabilization, the extraction, the accumulation and partial or complete degradation of pollutants by plants remain poorly understood.	2016	27769163
extracellular vesicles isolated from the leaf apoplast carry stress-response proteins.	exosomes are extracellular vesicles (evs) that play a central role in intercellular signaling in mammals by transporting proteins and small rnas. plants are also known to produce evs, particularly in response to pathogen infection. the contents of plant evs have not been analyzed, however, and their function is unknown. here we describe a method for purifying evs from the apoplastic fluids of arabidopsis leaves. proteomic analyses of these evs revealed that they are highly enriched in proteins i ...	2016	27837092
extracellular vesicles isolated from the leaf apoplast carry stress-response proteins.	exosomes are extracellular vesicles (evs) that play a central role in intercellular signaling in mammals by transporting proteins and small rnas. plants are also known to produce evs, particularly in response to pathogen infection. the contents of plant evs have not been analyzed, however, and their function is unknown. here we describe a method for purifying evs from the apoplastic fluids of arabidopsis leaves. proteomic analyses of these evs revealed that they are highly enriched in proteins i ...	2016	27837092
constitutive cyclic gmp accumulation in arabidopsis thaliana compromises systemic acquired resistance induced by an avirulent pathogen by modulating local signals.	the infection of arabidopsis thaliana plants with avirulent pathogens causes the accumulation of cgmp with a biphasic profile downstream of nitric oxide signalling. however, plant enzymes that modulate cgmp levels have yet to be identified, so we generated transgenic a. thaliana plants expressing the rat soluble guanylate cyclase (gc) to increase genetically the level of cgmp and to study the function of cgmp in plant defence responses. once confirmed that cgmp levels were higher in the gc trans ...	2016	27811978
dual functions of the zmcct-associated quantitative trait locus in flowering and stress responses under long-day conditions.	photoperiodism refers to the ability of plants to measure day length to determine the season. this ability enables plants to coordinate internal biological activities with external changes to ensure normal growth. however, the influence of the photoperiod on maize flowering and stress responses under long-day (ld) conditions has not been analyzed by comparative transcriptome sequencing. the zmcct gene was previously identified as a homolog of the rice photoperiod response regulator ghd7, and ass ...	2016	27809780
plant reactome: a resource for plant pathways and comparative analysis.	plant reactome (http://plantreactome.gramene.org/) is a free, open-source, curated plant pathway database portal, provided as part of the gramene project. the database provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualization, analysis and interpretation of pathway knowledge to support genome annotation, genome analysis, modeling, systems biology, basic research and education. plant reactome employs the structural framework of a plant cell to show metabolic, transport, genetic, developmental ...	2016	27799469
plant reactome: a resource for plant pathways and comparative analysis.	plant reactome (http://plantreactome.gramene.org/) is a free, open-source, curated plant pathway database portal, provided as part of the gramene project. the database provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualization, analysis and interpretation of pathway knowledge to support genome annotation, genome analysis, modeling, systems biology, basic research and education. plant reactome employs the structural framework of a plant cell to show metabolic, transport, genetic, developmental ...	2016	27799469
the salmonella effector spvd is a cysteine hydrolase with a serovar-specific polymorphism influencing catalytic activity, suppression of immune responses and bacterial virulence.	many bacterial pathogens secrete virulence (effector) proteins that interfere with immune signaling in their host. spvd is a salmonella enterica effector protein that we previously demonstrated to negatively regulate the nf-κb signaling pathway and promote virulence of s. enterica serovar typhimurium in mice. to shed light on the mechanistic basis for these observations, we determined the crystal structure of spvd and show that it adopts a papain-like fold with a characteristic cysteine-histidin ...	2016	27789710
transcriptional basis of drought-induced susceptibility to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae.	plants are often facing several stresses simultaneously. understanding how they react and the way pathogens adapt to such combinational stresses is poorly documented. here, we developed an experimental system mimicking field intermittent drought on rice followed by inoculation by the pathogenic fungus magnaporthe oryzae. this experimental system triggers an enhancement of susceptibility that could be correlated with the dampening of several aspects of plant immunity, namely the oxidative burst a ...	2016	27833621
how very-long-chain fatty acids could signal stressful conditions in plants?	although encountered in minor amounts in plant cells, very-long-chain fatty acids exert crucial functions in developmental processes. when their levels are perturbed by means of genetic approaches, marked phenotypic consequences that range from severe growth retardation to embryo lethality was indeed reported. more recently, a growing body of findings has also accumulated that points to a potential role for these lipids as signals in governing both biotic and abiotic stress outcomes. in the pres ...	2016	27803703
effector diversification contributes to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae phenotypic adaptation in a semi-isolated environment.	understanding the processes that shaped contemporary pathogen populations in agricultural landscapes is quite important to define appropriate management strategies and to support crop improvement efforts. here, we took advantage of an historical record to examine the adaptation pathway of the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) in a semi-isolated environment represented in the philippine archipelago. by comparing genomes of key xoo groups we showed that modern populations derived f ...	2016	27667260
plant microbe interactions in post genomic era: perspectives and applications.	deciphering plant-microbe interactions is a promising aspect to understand the benefits and the pathogenic effect of microbes and crop improvement. the advancement in sequencing technologies and various 'omics' tool has impressively accelerated the research in biological sciences in this area. the recent and ongoing developments provide a unique approach to describing these intricate interactions and test hypotheses. in the present review, we discuss the role of plant-pathogen interaction in cro ...	2016	27725809
the historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family in genetic research.	this article evaluates the main contributions of tomato, tobacco, petunia, potato, pepper and eggplant to classical and molecular plant genetics and genomics since the beginning of the twentieth century. species from the solanaceae family form integral parts of human civilizations as food sources and drugs since thousands of years, and, more recently, as ornamentals. some solanaceous species were subjects of classical and molecular genetic research over the last 100 years. the tomato was one of ...	2016	27744490
the nitrogen availability interferes with mycorrhiza-induced resistance against botrytis cinerea in tomato.	mycorrhizal plants are generally quite efficient in coping with environmental challenges. it has been shown that the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) can confer resistance against root and foliar pathogens, although the molecular mechanisms underlying such mycorrhiza-induced resistance (mir) are poorly understood. tomato plants colonized with the amf rhizophagus irregularis display enhanced resistance against the necrotrophic foliar pathogen botrytis cinerea. leaves from arbuscu ...	2016	27790197
img/m: integrated genome and metagenome comparative data analysis system.	the integrated microbial genomes with microbiome samples (img/m: https://img.jgi.doe.gov/m/) system contains annotated dna and rna sequence data of (i) archaeal, bacterial, eukaryotic and viral genomes from cultured organisms, (ii) single cell genomes (scg) and genomes from metagenomes (gfm) from uncultured archaea, bacteria and viruses and (iii) metagenomes from environmental, host associated and engineered microbiome samples. sequence data are generated by doe's joint genome institute (jgi), s ...	2016	27738135
img/m: integrated genome and metagenome comparative data analysis system.	the integrated microbial genomes with microbiome samples (img/m: https://img.jgi.doe.gov/m/) system contains annotated dna and rna sequence data of (i) archaeal, bacterial, eukaryotic and viral genomes from cultured organisms, (ii) single cell genomes (scg) and genomes from metagenomes (gfm) from uncultured archaea, bacteria and viruses and (iii) metagenomes from environmental, host associated and engineered microbiome samples. sequence data are generated by doe's joint genome institute (jgi), s ...	2016	27738135
structural basis for ligand recognition by a cache chemosensory domain that mediates carboxylate sensing in pseudomonas syringae.	chemoreceptors enable bacteria to detect chemical signals in the environment and navigate towards niches that are favourable for survival. the sensor domains of chemoreceptors function as the input modules for chemotaxis systems, and provide sensory specificity by binding specific ligands. cache-like domains are the most common extracellular sensor module in prokaryotes, however only a handful have been functionally or structurally characterised. here, we have characterised a chemoreceptor cache ...	2016	27734909
comparative proteomics reveals that central metabolism changes are associated with resistance against sporisorium scitamineum in sugarcane.	sugarcane smut, which is caused by sporisorium scitamineum, has been threatening global sugarcane production. breeding smut resistant sugarcane varieties has been proven to be the most effective method of controlling this particular disease. however, a lack of genome information of sugarcane has hindered the development of genome-assisted resistance breeding programs. furthermore, the molecular basis of sugarcane response to s. scitamineum infection at the proteome level was incomplete and combi ...	2016	27733120
salicylic acid receptors activate jasmonic acid signalling through a non-canonical pathway to promote effector-triggered immunity.	it is an apparent conundrum how plants evolved effector-triggered immunity (eti), involving programmed cell death (pcd), as a major defence mechanism against biotrophic pathogens, because eti-associated pcd could leave them vulnerable to necrotrophic pathogens that thrive on dead host cells. interestingly, during eti, the normally antagonistic defence hormones, salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) associated with defence against biotrophs and necrotrophs respectively, both accumulate to hi ...	2016	27725643
apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant nicotiana benthamiana.	the fungus zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host-specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb) disease. all other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (nhr) to z. tritici has not been addressed previously. we sought to develop nicotiana benthamiana as a system to study nhr against z. tritici. fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to establish the in ...	2016	27696417
apoplastic recognition of multiple candidate effectors from the wheat pathogen zymoseptoria tritici in the nonhost plant nicotiana benthamiana.	the fungus zymoseptoria tritici is a strictly apoplastic, host-specific pathogen of wheat leaves and causal agent of septoria tritici blotch (stb) disease. all other plants are considered nonhosts, but the mechanism of nonhost resistance (nhr) to z. tritici has not been addressed previously. we sought to develop nicotiana benthamiana as a system to study nhr against z. tritici. fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to establish the in ...	2016	27696417
contrasting regulation of no and ros in potato defense-associated metabolism in response to pathogens of different lifestyles.	our research provides new insights into how the low and steady-state levels of nitric oxide (no) and reactive oxygen species (ros) in potato leaves are altered after the challenge with the hemibiotroph phytophthora infestans or the necrotroph botrytis cinerea, with the subsequent rapid and invader-dependent modification of defense responses with opposite effects. mainly in the avirulent (avr) p. infestans-potato system, no well balanced with the superoxide level was tuned with a battery of sa-de ...	2016	27695047
comparative analyses of tomato yellow leaf curl virus c4 protein-interacting host proteins in healthy and infected tomato tissues.	tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv), a member of the genus begomovirus, is one of the most important viruses of cultivated tomatoes worldwide, mainly causing yellowing and curling of leaves with stunting in plants. tylcv causes severe problems in sub-tropical and tropical countries, as well as in korea. however, the mechanism of tylcv infection remains unclear, although the function of each viral component has been identified. tylcv c4 codes for a small protein involved in various cellular fun ...	2016	27721687
a non canonical subtilase attenuates the transcriptional activation of defence responses in arabidopsis thaliana.	proteases play crucial physiological functions in all organisms by controlling the lifetime of proteins. here, we identified an atypical protease of the subtilase family [sbt5.2(b)] that attenuates the transcriptional activation of plant defence independently of its protease activity. the sbt5.2 gene produces two distinct transcripts encoding a canonical secreted subtilase [sbt5.2(a)] and an intracellular protein [sbt5.2(b)]. concomitant to sbt5.2(a) downregulation, sbt5.2(b) expression is induc ...	2016	27685353
the multifaceted activity of the virf regulatory protein in the shigella lifestyle.	shigella is a highly adapted human pathogen, mainly found in the developing world and causing a severe enteric syndrome. the highly sophisticated infectious strategy of shigella banks on the capacity to invade the intestinal epithelial barrier and cause its inflammatory destruction. the cellular pathogenesis and clinical presentation of shigellosis are the sum of the complex action of a large number of bacterial virulence factors mainly located on a large virulence plasmid (pinv). the expression ...	2016	27747215
map-based cloning and characterization of the bph18 gene from wild rice conferring resistance to brown planthopper (bph) insect pest.	brown planthopper (bph) is a phloem sap-sucking insect pest of rice which causes severe yield loss. we cloned the bph18 gene from the bph-resistant introgression line derived from the wild rice species oryza australiensis. map-based cloning and complementation test revealed that the bph18 encodes cc-nbs-nbs-lrr protein. bph18 has two nbs domains, unlike the typical nbs-lrr proteins. the bph18 promoter::gus transgenic plants exhibited strong gus expression in the vascular bundles of the leaf shea ...	2016	27682162
quantitative proteomics reveals the defense response of wheat against puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.	wheat stripe rust, caused by puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (pst), is considered one of the most aggressive diseases to wheat production. in this study, we used an itraq-based approach for the quantitative proteomic comparison of the incompatible pst race cyr23 in infected and non-infected leaves of the wheat cultivar suwon11. a total of 3,475 unique proteins were identified from three key stages of interaction (12, 24, and 48 h post-inoculation) and control groups. quantitative analysis sh ...	2016	27678307
the bacterial signature of leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) reveals core and accessory communities with bioactive properties.	leptospermum scoparium or mānuka is a new zealand native medicinal plant that produces an essential oil with antimicrobial properties. this is the first study to investigate the structure and bioactivity of endophytic bacteria in mānuka by using a combination of cultivation-independent (dgge) and dependent approaches. a total of 23 plants were sampled across three sites. plants were considered either immature (3-8 years) or mature (>20 years). the endophyte community structure and richness was a ...	2016	27676607
a small cysteine-rich protein from the asian soybean rust fungus, phakopsora pachyrhizi, suppresses plant immunity.	the asian soybean rust fungus, phakopsora pachyrhizi, is an obligate biotrophic pathogen causing severe soybean disease epidemics. molecular mechanisms by which p. pachyrhizi and other rust fungi interact with their host plants are poorly understood. the genomes of all rust fungi encode many small, secreted cysteine-rich proteins (sscrp). while these proteins are thought to function within the host, their roles are completely unknown. here, we present the characterization of p. pachyrhizi effect ...	2016	27676173
modulation of plant growth in vivo and identification of kinase substrates using an analog-sensitive variant of cyclin-dependent kinase a;1.	modulation of protein activity by phosphorylation through kinases and subsequent de-phosphorylation by phosphatases is one of the most prominent cellular control mechanisms. thus, identification of kinase substrates is pivotal for the understanding of many - if not all - molecular biological processes. equally, the possibility to deliberately tune kinase activity is of great value to analyze the biological process controlled by a particular kinase.	2016	27669979
a novel mutant allele of ssi2 confers a better balance between disease resistance and plant growth inhibition on arabidopsis thaliana.	resistance and growth are opposing characteristics in plants. sa insensitivity of npr1-5 (ssi2) encodes a stearoyl-acp desaturase (s-acp des) that has previously been reported to simultaneously enhance resistance and repress growth.	2016	27669891
differential coexpression analysis reveals extensive rewiring of arabidopsis gene coexpression in response to pseudomonas syringae infection.	plant defense responses to pathogens involve massive transcriptional reprogramming. recently, differential coexpression analysis has been developed to study the rewiring of gene networks through microarray data, which is becoming an important complement to traditional differential expression analysis. using time-series microarray data of arabidopsis thaliana infected with pseudomonas syringae, we analyzed arabidopsis defense responses to p. syringae through differential coexpression analysis. ov ...	2016	27721457
pectocin m1 (pcam1) inhibits escherichia coli cell growth and peptidoglycan biosynthesis through periplasmic expression.	colicins are bacterial toxins produced by some escherichia coli strains. they exhibit either enzymatic or pore-forming activity towards a very limited number of bacterial species, due to the high specificity of their reception and translocation systems. yet, we succeeded in making the colicin m homologue from pectobacterium carotovorum, pectocin m1 (pcam1), capable of inhibiting e. coli cell growth by bypassing these reception and translocation steps. this goal was achieved through periplasmic e ...	2016	27740593
regulation of stomatal defense by air relative humidity.	it has long been observed that environmental conditions play crucial roles in modulating immunity and disease in plants and animals. for instance, many bacterial plant disease outbreaks occur after periods of high humidity and rain. a critical step in bacterial infection is entry into the plant interior through wounds and natural openings, such as stomata, which are adjustable microscopic pores in the epidermal tissue. several studies have shown that stomatal closure is an integral part of the p ...	2016	27702841
glycan-binding f-box protein from arabidopsis thaliana protects plants from pseudomonas syringae infection.	a small group of f-box proteins consisting of a conserved f-box domain linked to a domain homologous to the glycan-binding protein has been identified within the genome of arabidopsis thaliana. previously, the so-called f-box-nictaba protein, encoded by the gene at2g02360, was shown to be a functional lectin which binds n-acetyllactosamine structures. here, we present a detailed qrt-pcr expression analysis of f-box-nictaba in arabidopsis plants upon different stresses and hormone treatments.	2016	27716048
down-regulation of korrigan-like endo-β-1,4-glucanase genes impacts carbon partitioning, mycorrhizal colonization and biomass production in populus.	a greater understanding of the genetic regulation of plant cell wall remodeling and the impact of modified cell walls on plant performance is important for the development of sustainable biofuel crops. here, we studied the impact of down-regulating korrigan-like cell wall biosynthesis genes, belonging to the endo-β-1,4-glucanase gene family, on populus growth, metabolism and the ability to interact with symbiotic microbes. the reductions in cellulose content and lignin syringyl-to-guaiacyl unit ...	2016	27757116
expression of cucumber mosaic virus suppressor 2b alters fwa methylation and its sirna accumulation in arabidopsis thaliana.	the cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) suppressor 2b co-localizes with ago4 in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of arabidopsis thaliana biochemical fractionation of a. thaliana cellular extracts revealed that 2b and ago4 coexist in multiple size exclusions. 2b transgenic a. thaliana exhibited an enhanced accumulation of 24nt sirnas from flowering wageningen (fwa) and other heterochromatic loci. these plants also exhibited hypo-methylation of an endogenous- as well as transgene-fwa promoter at non-cg s ...	2016	27659688
opposing control by transcription factors myb61 and myb3 increases freezing tolerance by relieving c-repeat binding factor suppression.	cold acclimation is an important process by which plants respond to low temperature and enhance their winter hardiness. c-repeat binding factor1 (cbf1), cbf2, and cbf3 genes were shown previously to participate in cold acclimation in medicago truncatula in addition, mtcbf4 is transcriptionally induced by salt, drought, and cold stresses. we show here that mtcbf4, shown previously to enhance drought and salt tolerance, also positively regulates cold acclimation and freezing tolerance. to identify ...	2016	27578551
multidrug efflux pumps at the crossroad between antibiotic resistance and bacterial virulence.	multidrug efflux pumps can be involved in bacterial resistance to antibiotics at different levels. some efflux pumps are constitutively expressed at low levels and contribute to intrinsic resistance. in addition, their overexpression may allow higher levels of resistance. this overexpression can be transient, in the presence of an effector (phenotypic resistance), or constitutive when mutants in the regulatory elements of the expression of efflux pumps are selected (acquired resistance). efflux ...	2016	27708632
gene overexpression resources in cereals for functional genomics and discovery of useful genes.	identification and elucidation of functions of plant genes is valuable for both basic and applied research. in addition to natural variation in model plants, numerous loss-of-function resources have been produced by mutagenesis with chemicals, irradiation, or insertions of transposable elements or t-dna. however, we may be unable to observe loss-of-function phenotypes for genes with functionally redundant homologs and for those essential for growth and development. to offset such disadvantages, ...	2016	27708649
environmental and genetic factors associated with solanesol accumulation in potato leaves.	solanesol is a high value 45-carbon, unsaturated, all-trans-nonaprenol isoprenoid. recently solanesol has received particular attention because of its utility, both in its own right and as a precursor in the production of numerous compounds used in the treatment of disease states. solanesol is found mainly in solanaceous crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco and pepper where it accumulates in the foliage. there is considerable potential to explore the extraction of solanesol from these sources a ...	2016	27610114
disruption of the cara gene in pseudomonas syringae results in reduced fitness and alters motility.	pseudomonas syringae infects diverse plant species and is widely used in the study of effector function and the molecular basis of disease. although the relationship between bacterial metabolism, nutrient acquisition and virulence has attracted increasing attention in bacterial pathology, there is limited knowledge regarding these studies in pseudomonas syringae. the aim of this study was to investigate the function of the cara gene and the small rna p32, and characterize the regulation of these ...	2016	27558694
multi-environment qtl studies suggest a role for cysteine-rich protein kinase genes in quantitative resistance to blackleg disease in brassica napus.	resistance to the blackleg disease of brassica napus (canola/oilseed rape), caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen leptosphaeria maculans, is determined by both race-specific resistance (r) genes and quantitative resistance loci (qtl), or adult-plant resistance (apr). while the introgression of r genes into breeding material is relatively simple, qtl are often detected sporadically, making them harder to capture in breeding programs. for the effective deployment of apr in crop varieties, r ...	2016	27553246
calecrk-s.5, a pepper l-type lectin receptor kinase gene, confers broad-spectrum resistance by activating priming.	in arabidopsis, several l-type lectin receptor kinases (lecrks) have been identified as putative immune receptors. however, to date, there have been few analyses of lecrks in crop plants. virus-induced gene silencing of calecrk-s.5 verified the role of calecrk-s.5 in broad-spectrum resistance. compared with control plants, calecrk-s.5-silenced plants showed reduced hypersensitive response, reactive oxygen species burst, secondary metabolite production, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation ...	2016	27647723
q&a: how does jasmonate signaling enable plants to adapt and survive?	jasmonates (jas) are a class of plant hormones that play essential roles in response to tissue wounding. they act on gene expression to slow down growth and to redirect metabolism towards producing defense molecules and repairing damage. these responses are systemic and have dramatic impacts on yields, making jas a very active research area. jas interact with many other plant hormones and therefore also have essential functions throughout development, notably during plant reproduction, leaf sene ...	2016	27643853
allyl-isothiocyanate treatment induces a complex transcriptional reprogramming including heat stress, oxidative stress and plant defence responses in arabidopsis thaliana.	isothiocyanates (itcs) are degradation products of the plant secondary metabolites glucosinolates (gsls) and are known to affect human health as well as plant herbivores and pathogens. to investigate the processes engaged in plants upon exposure to isothiocyanate we performed a genome scale transcriptional profiling of arabidopsis thaliana at different time points in response to an exogenous treatment with allyl-isothiocyanate.	2016	27639974
identification of reference genes for rt-qpcr data normalization in cannabis sativa stem tissues.	gene expression profiling via quantitative real-time pcr is a robust technique widely used in the life sciences to compare gene expression patterns in, e.g., different tissues, growth conditions, or after specific treatments. in the field of plant science, real-time pcr is the gold standard to study the dynamics of gene expression and is used to validate the results generated with high throughput techniques, e.g., rna-seq. an accurate relative quantification of gene expression relies on the iden ...	2016	27649158
persistent supercooling of reproductive shoots is enabled by structural ice barriers being active despite an intact xylem connection.	extracellular ice nucleation usually occurs at mild subzero temperatures in most plants. for persistent supercooling of certain plant parts ice barriers are necessary to prevent the entry of ice from already frozen tissues. the reproductive shoot of calluna vulgaris is able to supercool down to below -22°c throughout all developmental stages (shoot elongation, flowering, fruiting) despite an established xylem conductivity. after localization of the persistent ice barrier between the reproductive ...	2016	27632365
fine mapping and identification of candidate genes for a qtl affecting meloidogyne incognita reproduction in upland cotton.	the southern root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita; rkn) is one of the most important economic pests of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). host plant resistance, the ability of a plant to suppress nematode reproduction, is the most economical, practical, and environmentally sound method to provide protection against this subterranean pest. the resistant line auburn 623rnr and a number of elite breeding lines derived from it remain the most important source of root-knot nematode (rkn) res ...	2016	27503539
the arabidopsis protein phosphatase pp2c38 negatively regulates the central immune kinase bik1.	plants recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) via cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (prrs), leading to prr-triggered immunity (pti). the arabidopsis cytoplasmic kinase bik1 is a downstream substrate of several prr complexes. how plant pti is negatively regulated is not fully understood. here, we identify the protein phosphatase pp2c38 as a negative regulator of bik1 activity and bik1-mediated immunity. pp2c38 dynamically associates with bik1, as well as with ...	2016	27494702
detecting n-myristoylation and s-acylation of host and pathogen proteins in plants using click chemistry.	the plant plasma membrane is a key battleground in the war between plants and their pathogens. plants detect the presence of pathogens at the plasma membrane using sensor proteins, many of which are targeted to this lipophilic locale by way of fatty acid modifications. pathogens secrete effector proteins into the plant cell to suppress the plant's defense mechanisms. these effectors are able to access and interfere with the surveillance machinery at the plant plasma membrane by hijacking the hos ...	2016	27493678
stress-inducible expression of an f-box gene tafba1 from wheat enhanced the drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants without impacting growth and development.	e3 ligase plays an important role in the response to many environment stresses in plants. in our previous study, constitutive overexpression of an f-box protein gene tafba1 driven by 35s promoter improved the drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants, but the growth and development in transgenic plants was altered in normal conditions. in this study, we used stress-inducible promoter rd29a instead of 35s promoter, as a results, the stress-inducible transgenic tobacco plants exhibit a simila ...	2016	27656187
plant sphingolipids: their importance in cellular organization and adaption.	sphingolipids and their phosphorylated derivatives are ubiquitous bio-active components of cells. they are structural elements in the lipid bilayer and contribute to the dynamic nature of the membrane. they have been implicated in many cellular processes in yeast and animal cells, including aspects of signaling, apoptosis, and senescence. although sphingolipids have a better defined role in animal systems, they have been shown to be central to many essential processes in plants including but not ...	2016	27086144
cold stress tolerance in psychrotolerant soil bacteria and their conferred chilling resistance in tomato (solanum lycopersicum mill.) under low temperatures.	the present work aimed to study the culturable diversity of psychrotolerant bacteria persistent in soil under overwintering conditions, evaluate their ability to sustain plant growth and alleviate chilling stress in tomato. psychrotolerant bacteria were isolated from agricultural field soil samples colleced during winter and then used to study chilling stress alleviation in tomato plants (solanum lycopersicum cv mill). selective isolation after enrichment at 5°c yielded 40 bacterial isolates. ph ...	2016	27580055
allocation of heme is differentially regulated by ferrochelatase isoforms in arabidopsis cells.	heme is involved in various biological processes as a cofactor of hemoproteins located in various organelles. in plant cells, heme is synthesized by two isoforms of plastid-localized ferrochelatase, fc1 and fc2. in this study, by characterizing arabidopsis t-dna insertional mutants, we showed that the allocation of heme is differentially regulated by ferrochelatase isoforms in plant cells. analyses of weak (fc1-1) and null (fc1-2) mutants suggest that fc1-producing heme is required for initial g ...	2016	27630653
high co2 primes plant biotic stress defences through redox-linked pathways.	industrial activities have caused tropospheric co2 concentrations to increase over the last two centuries, a trend that is predicted to continue for at least the next several decades. here, we report that growth of plants in a co2-enriched environment activates responses that are central to defense against pathogenic attack. salicylic acid accumulation was triggered by high-growth co2 in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) and other plants such as bean (phaseolus vulgaris). a detailed analysis in ...	2016	27578552
expression of the grape vqsts21 gene in arabidopsis confers resistance to osmotic stress and biotrophic pathogens but not botrytis cinerea.	stilbene synthase (sts) is a key gene in the biosynthesis of various stilbenoids, including resveratrol and its derivative glucosides (such as piceid), that has been shown to contribute to disease resistance in plants. however, the mechanism behind such a role has yet to be elucidated. furthermore, the function of sts genes in osmotic stress tolerance remains unclear. as such, we sought to elucidate the role of sts genes in the defense against biotic and abiotic stress in the model plant arabido ...	2016	27695466
arabidopsis mutant bik1 exhibits strong resistance to plasmodiophora brassicae.	botrytis-induced kinase1 (bik1), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, plays an important role in resistance against pathogens and insects in arabidopsis thaliana. however, it remains unknown whether bik1 functions against plasmodiophora brassicae, an obligate biotrophic protist that attacks cruciferous plants and induces gall formation on roots. here, we investigated the potential roles of receptors fls2, bak1, and bik1 in the infection of p. brassicae cruciferous plants. wild-type plants, fls2, ...	2016	27679580
plant tolerance: a unique approach to control hemipteran pests.	plant tolerance to insect pests has been indicated to be a unique category of resistance, however, very little information is available on the mechanism of tolerance against insect pests. tolerance is distinctive in terms of the plant's ability to withstand or recover from herbivore injury through growth and compensatory physiological processes. because plant tolerance involves plant compensatory characteristics, the plant is able to harbor large numbers of herbivores without interfering with th ...	2016	27679643
nad acts as an integral regulator of multiple defense layers.	pyridine nucleotides, such as nad, are crucial redox carriers and have emerged as important signaling molecules in stress responses. previously, we have demonstrated in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) that the inducible nad-overproducing nadc lines are more resistant to an avirulent strain of pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (pst-avrrpm1), which was associated with salicylic acid-dependent defense. here, we have further characterized the nad-dependent immune response in arabidopsis. quinolinate ...	2016	27621425
the arabidopsis miel1 e3 ligase negatively regulates aba signalling by promoting protein turnover of myb96.	the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) regulates plant responses to various environmental challenges. controlled protein turnover is an important component of aba signalling. here we show that the ring-type e3 ligase myb30-interacting e3 ligase 1 (miel1) regulates aba sensitivity by promoting myb96 turnover in arabidopsis. germination of miel1-deficient mutant seeds is hypersensitive to aba, whereas miel1-overexpressing transgenic seeds are less sensitive. miel1 can interact with myb96, a regulato ...	2016	27615387
the multivesicular bodies (mvbs)-localized aaa atpase lrd6-6 inhibits immunity and cell death likely through regulating mvbs-mediated vesicular trafficking in rice.	previous studies have shown that multivesicular bodies (mvbs)/endosomes-mediated vesicular trafficking may play key roles in plant immunity and cell death. however, the molecular regulation is poorly understood in rice. here we report the identification and characterization of a mvbs-localized aaa atpase lrd6-6 in rice. disruption of lrd6-6 leads to enhanced immunity and cell death in rice. the atpase activity and homo-dimerization of lrd6-6 is essential for its regulation on plant immunity and ...	2016	27618555
mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade mkk7-mpk6 plays important roles in plant development and regulates shoot branching by phosphorylating pin1 in arabidopsis.	emerging evidences exhibit that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk/mpk) signaling pathways are connected with many aspects of plant development. the complexity of mapk cascades raises challenges not only to identify the mapk module in planta but also to define the specific role of an individual module. so far, our knowledge of mapk signaling has been largely restricted to a small subset of mapk cascades. our previous study has characterized an arabidopsis bushy and dwarf1 (bud1) mutant, in w ...	2016	27618482
uv-b radiation stress causes alterations in whole cell protein profile and expression of certain genes in the rice phyllospheric bacterium enterobacter cloacae.	among the different types of uv radiation, uv-b radiation (280-315 nm) has gained much attention mainly due to its increasing incidence on the earth's surface leading to imbalances in natural ecosystems. this study deals with the effects of uv-b radiation on the proteome and gene expression in a rice phyllospheric bacterium, enterobacter cloacae. of the five bacteria isolated from rice leaves, e. cloacae showed the highest level of resistance to uv-b and total killing occurred after 8 h of conti ...	2016	27672388
the proteasome acts as a hub for plant immunity and is targeted by pseudomonas type iii effectors.	recent evidence suggests that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in several aspects of plant immunity and that a range of plant pathogens subvert the ubiquitin-proteasome system to enhance their virulence. here, we show that proteasome activity is strongly induced during basal defense in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). mutant lines of the proteasome subunits rpt2a and rpn12a support increased bacterial growth of virulent pseudomonas syringae pv tomato dc3000 (pst) and pseudomonas sy ...	2016	27613851
the role of dna (de)methylation in immune responsiveness of arabidopsis.	dna methylation is antagonistically controlled by dna methyltransferases and dna demethylases. the level of dna methylation controls plant gene expression on a global level. we have examined impacts of global changes in dna methylation on the arabidopsis immune system. a range of hypo-methylated mutants displayed enhanced resistance to the biotrophic pathogen hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (hpa), whereas two hyper-methylated mutants were more susceptible to this pathogen. subsequent characteriza ...	2016	27341062
genome-wide identification and characterization of wrky gene family in salix suchowensis.	wrky proteins are the zinc finger transcription factors that were first identified in plants. they can specifically interact with the w-box, which can be found in the promoter region of a large number of plant target genes, to regulate the expressions of downstream target genes. they also participate in diverse physiological and growing processes in plants. prior to this study, a plenty of wrky genes have been identified and characterized in herbaceous species, but there is no large-scale study ...	2016	27651997
an improved approach for measuring immersion freezing in large droplets over a wide temperature range.	immersion freezing (ice nucleation by particles immersed in supercooled water) is a key process for forming ice in mixed-phase clouds. immersion freezing experiments with particles in microliter-sized (millimeter-sized) water droplets are often applied to detecting very small numbers of ice nucleating particles (inps). however, the application of such large droplets remains confined to the detection of inps active at temperatures much higher than the homogeneous freezing limit, because of artifa ...	2016	27596247
regulatory cross-talks and cascades in rice hormone biosynthesis pathways contribute to stress signaling.	crosstalk among different hormone signaling pathways play an important role in modulating plant response to both biotic and abiotic stress. hormone activity is controlled by its bio-availability, which is again influenced by its biosynthesis. thus, independent hormone biosynthesis pathways must be regulated and co-ordinated to mount an integrated response. one of the possibilities is to use cis-regulatory elements to orchestrate expression of hormone biosynthesis genes. analysis of cres, associa ...	2016	27617021
lipid transfer proteins: classification, nomenclature, structure, and function.	the non-specific lipid transfer proteins (ltps) constitute a large protein family found in all land plants. they are small proteins characterized by a tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity, which makes them suitable for binding and transporting various lipids. the ltps are abundantly expressed in most tissues. in general, they are synthesized with an n-terminal signal peptide that localizes the protein to spaces exterior to the plasma membrane. the in vivo functions of ltps are still disputed, although ...	2016	27562524
enhanced tolerance of transgenic potato plants over-expressing non-specific lipid transfer protein-1 (stnsltp1) against multiple abiotic stresses.	abiotic stresses such as heat, drought, and salinity are major environmental constraints that limit potato (solanum tuberosum l.) production worldwide. previously, we found a potential thermo-tolerance gene, named stnsltp1 from potato using yeast functional screening. here, we report the functional characterization of stnsltp1 and its role in multiple abiotic stresses in potato plants. computational analysis of stnsltp1 with other plant ltps showed eight conserved cysteine residues, and four α-h ...	2016	27597854
genome-wide analysis and evolution of the pto-like protein kinase (plpk) gene family in pepper.	the tomato pto gene, which encodes a serine/threonine kinase (stk) domain-containing protein, confers resistance to bacterial speck disease caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst). in this study, in vivo recognition assays using pvx constructs showed that avrpto was specifically recognized in the pepper genotypes. this avrpto recognition caused a nonhost hypersensitive response (hr) and localization of the pvx::avrpto fusion protein to inoculated pepper leaf tissues, which indicates the ...	2016	27536870
phosphate uptake and allocation - a closer look at arabidopsis thaliana l. and oryza sativa l.	this year marks the 20th anniversary of the discovery and characterization of the two arabidopsis pht1 genes encoding the phosphate transporter in arabidopsis thaliana. so far, multiple inorganic phosphate (pi) transporters have been described, and the molecular basis of pi acquisition by plants has been well-characterized. these genes are involved in pi acquisition, allocation, and/or signal transduction. this review summarizes how pi is taken up by the roots and further distributed within two ...	2016	27574525
epigenetic control of defense signaling and priming in plants.	immune recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or effectors leads to defense activation at the pathogen challenged sites. this is followed by systemic defense activation at distant non-challenged sites, termed systemic acquired resistance (sar). these inducible defenses are accompanied by extensive transcriptional reprogramming of defense-related genes. sar is associated with priming, in which a subset of these genes is kept at a poised state to facilitate subsequent transcriptiona ...	2016	27563304
differential response of tomato genotypes to xanthomonas-specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns and correlation with bacterial spot (xanthomonas perforans) resistance.	plants depend on innate immune responses to retard the initial spread of pathogens entering through stomata, hydathodes or injuries. these responses are triggered by conserved patterns in pathogen-encoded molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is one of the first responses, and the resulting 'oxidative burst' is considered to be a first line of defense. in this study, we conducted association analyses between ros production ...	2016	27555919
identification of differentially-expressed genes in response to mycosphaerella fijiensis in the resistant musa accession 'calcutta-4' using suppression subtractive hybridization.	bananas and plantains are considered an important crop around the world. banana production is affected by several constraints, of which black sigatoka disease, caused by the fungus mycosphaerella fijiensis, is considered one of the most important diseases in banana plantations. the banana accession 'calcutta-4' has a natural resistance to black sigatoka; however, the fruit is not valuable for commercialization. gene identification and expression studies in 'calcutta-4' might reveal possible gene ...	2016	27487237
cold adaptation regulated by cryptic prophage excision in shewanella oneidensis.	among the environmental stresses experienced by bacteria, temperature shifts are one of the most important. in this study, we discovered a novel cold adaptation mechanism in shewanella oneidensis that occurs at the dna level and is regulated by cryptic prophage excision. previous studies on bacterial cold tolerance mainly focus on the structural change of cell membrane and changes at the rna and protein levels. whether or not genomic change can also contribute to this process has not been explor ...	2016	27482926
comprehensive analysis of the membrane phosphoproteome regulated by oligogalacturonides in arabidopsis thaliana.	early changes in the arabidopsis thaliana membrane phosphoproteome in response to oligogalacturonides (ogs), a class of plant damage-associated molecular patterns (damps), were analyzed by two complementary proteomic approaches. differentially phosphorylated sites were determined through phosphopeptide enrichment followed by lc-ms/ms using label-free quantification; differentially phosphorylated proteins were identified by 2d-dige combined with phospho-specific fluorescent staining (phospho-dige ...	2016	27532006
surface immobilization of human arginase-1 with an engineered ice nucleation protein display system in e. coli.	ice nucleation protein (inp) is frequently used as a surface anchor for protein display in gram-negative bacteria. here, male and tora signal peptides, and three charged polypeptides, 6×lys, 6×glu and 6×asp, were anchored to the n-terminus of truncated inp (inak-n) to improve its surface display efficiency for human arginase1 (arg1). our results indicated that the tora signal peptide increased the surface translocation of non-protein fused inak-n and human arg1 fused inak-n (inak-n/arg1) by 80.7 ...	2016	27479442
antibacterial activity of cinnamaldehyde and estragole extracted from plant essential oils against pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae causing bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit.	pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa) causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit. antibacterial activity of plant essential oils (peos) originating from 49 plant species were tested against psa by a vapor diffusion and a liquid culture assays. the five peos from pimenta racemosa, p. dioica, melaleuca linariifolia, m. cajuputii, and cinnamomum cassia efficiently inhibited psa growth by either assays. among their major components, estragole, eugenol, and methyl eugenol showed significant ant ...	2016	27493612
a rice gene homologous to arabidopsis agd2-like defense1 participates in disease resistance response against infection with magnaporthe oryzae.	ald1 (aberrant growth and death2 [agd2]-like defense1) is one of the key defense regulators in arabidopsis thaliana and nicotiana benthamiana. in these model plants, ald1 is responsible for triggering basal defense response and systemic resistance against bacterial infection. as well ald1 is involved in the production of pipecolic acid and an unidentified compound(s) for systemic resistance and priming syndrome, respectively. these previous studies proposed that ald1 is a potential candidate for ...	2016	27493611
visual analysis for detection and quantification of pseudomonas cichorii disease severity in tomato plants.	pathogen infection in plants induces complex responses ranging from gene expression to metabolic processes in infected plants. in spite of many studies on biotic stress-related changes in host plants, little is known about the metabolic and phenotypic responses of the host plants to pseudomonas cichorii infection based on image-based analysis. to investigate alterations in tomato plants according to disease severity, we inoculated plants with different cell densities of p. cichorii using dipping ...	2016	27493605
the root hair specific syp123 regulates the localization of cell wall components and contributes to rizhobacterial priming of induced systemic resistance.	root hairs are important for nutrient and water uptake and are also critically involved the interaction with soil inhabiting microbiota. root hairs are tubular-shaped outgrowths that emerge from trichoblasts. this polarized elongation is maintained and regulated by a robust mechanism involving the endomembrane secretory and endocytic system. members of the syntaxin family of snares (soluble n-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) in plants (syp), have been implicated in re ...	2016	27507978