Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| endemic zoonoses in the tropics: a public health problem hiding in plain sight. | zoonotic diseases are a significant burden on animal and human health, particularly in developing countries. despite recognition of this fact, endemic zoonoses often remain undiagnosed in people, instead being mistaken for febrile diseases such as malaria. here, as part of veterinary record's ongoing series of articles on one health, a multidisciplinary team of researchers from scotland, tanzania and new zealand argues that a one health approach is needed to effectively combat these diseases. | 2015 | 25722334 |
| biotechnological applications of functional metagenomics in the food and pharmaceutical industries. | microorganisms are found throughout nature, thriving in a vast range of environmental conditions. the majority of them are unculturable or difficult to culture by traditional methods. metagenomics enables the study of all microorganisms, regardless of whether they can be cultured or not, through the analysis of genomic data obtained directly from an environmental sample, providing knowledge of the species present, and allowing the extraction of information regarding the functionality of microbia ... | 2015 | 26175729 |
| brucellosis, genital campylobacteriosis and other factors affecting calving rate of cattle in three states of northern nigeria. | reproductive diseases limit the productivity of cattle worldwide and represent an important obstacle to profitable cattle enterprise. in this study, herd brucellosis and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc) status, and demographic and management variables were determined and related to predicted calving rate (prcr) of cattle herds in adamawa, kaduna and kano states, nigeria. serum samples, preputial scrapings, questionnaire data, trans-rectal palpation and farm records were used from 271 herd ... | 2015 | 25601264 |
| differential diagnosis of brucella abortus by real-time pcr based on a single-nucleotide polymorphisms. | to diagnose brucellosis effectively, many genus- and species-specific detection methods based on pcr have been developed. with conventional pcr assays, real-time pcr techniques have been developed as rapid diagnostic tools. among them, real-time pcr using hybridization probe (hybprobe) has been recommended for bacteria with high dna homology among species, with which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis by means of an amplification curve and melting peak analysis. a hybprobe for b. abort ... | 2015 | 26666176 |
| differential diagnosis of brucella abortus by real-time pcr based on a single-nucleotide polymorphisms. | to diagnose brucellosis effectively, many genus- and species-specific detection methods based on pcr have been developed. with conventional pcr assays, real-time pcr techniques have been developed as rapid diagnostic tools. among them, real-time pcr using hybridization probe (hybprobe) has been recommended for bacteria with high dna homology among species, with which it is possible to make an accurate diagnosis by means of an amplification curve and melting peak analysis. a hybprobe for b. abort ... | 2015 | 26666176 |
| extended microbiological characterization of göttingen minipigs in the context of xenotransplantation: detection and vertical transmission of hepatitis e virus. | xenotransplantation has been proposed as a solution to the shortage of suitable human donors. pigs are currently favoured as donor animals for xenotransplantation of cells, including islet cells, or organs. to reduce the xenotransplantation-associated risk of infection of the recipient the pig donor should be carefully characterised. göttingen minipigs from ellegaard are often used for biomedical research and are regularly tested by their vendor for the presence of numerous bacteria, fungi, viru ... | 2015 | 26466154 |
| the zinc transport systems and their regulation in pathogenic fungi. | zinc is an essential micronutrient required for many enzymes that play essential roles in a cell. it was estimated that approximately 3% of the total cellular proteins are required for zinc for their functions. zinc has long been considered as one of the key players in host-pathogen interactions. the host sequesters intracellular zinc by utilizing multiple cellular zinc importers and exporters as a means of nutritional immunity. to overcome extreme zinc limitation within the host environment, pa ... | 2015 | 26539032 |
| the abcedcba-encoded abc transporter and the virb operon-encoded type iv secretion system of brucella ovis are critical for intracellular trafficking and survival in ovine monocyte-derived macrophages. | brucella ovis infection is associated with epididymitis, orchitis and infertility in rams. most of the information available on b. ovis and host cell interaction has been generated using murine macrophages or epithelial cell lines, but the interaction between b. ovis and primary ovine macrophages has not been studied. the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the b. ovis abcedcba-encoded abc transporter and the virb operon-encoded type iv secretion system (t4ss) during intracellular surv ... | 2015 | 26366863 |
| proteomic contributions to our understanding of vaccine and immune responses. | vaccines are one of the greatest public health successes; yet, due to the empirical nature of vaccine design, we have an incomplete understanding of how the genes and proteins induced by vaccines contribute to the development of both protective innate and adaptive immune responses. while the advent of genomics has enabled new vaccine development and facilitated understanding of the immune response, proteomics identifies potentially new vaccine antigens with increasing speed and sensitivity. in a ... | 2015 | 26172619 |
| new insights into the biological role of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans in pathogenic and symbiotic bacteria. | this review emphasizes the biological roles of the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs). osmoregulated periplasmic glucans occur in almost all α-, β- and γ-proteobacteria. this polymer of glucose is required for full virulence. the roles of the opgs are complex and vary depending on the species. here, we outline the four major roles of the opgs through four different pathogenic and one symbiotic bacterial models (dickeya dadantii, salmonella enterica, pseudomonas aeruginosa, brucella abortus ... | 2015 | 26265506 |
| type vi secretion system transports zn2+ to combat multiple stresses and host immunity. | type vi secretion systems (t6sss) are widespread multi-component machineries that translocate effectors into either eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells, for virulence or for interbacterial competition. herein, we report that the t6ss-4 from yersinia pseudotuberculosis displays an unexpected function in the transportation of zn2+ to combat diverse stresses and host immunity. environmental insults such as oxidative stress induce the expression of t6ss-4 via oxyr, the transcriptional factor that also r ... | 2015 | 26134274 |
| the capability of pseudomonas aeruginosa to recruit zinc under conditions of limited metal availability is affected by inactivation of the znuabc transporter. | the ability of a large number of bacterial pathogens to multiply in the infected host and cause disease is dependent on their ability to express high affinity zinc importers. in many bacteria, znuabc, a transporter of the abc family, plays a central role in the process of zinc uptake in zinc poor environments, including the tissues of the infected host. to initiate an investigation into the relevance of the zinc uptake apparatus for pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity, we have generated a znua ... | 2015 | 25751674 |
| waterborne pathogens: detection methods and challenges. | waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. these diseases are directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. despite the continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still reported globally. proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality monitoring are key factors for decision-m ... | 2015 | 26011827 |
| how do base-pairing small rnas evolve? | the increasing numbers of characterized base-pairing small rnas (srnas) and the identification of these regulators in a broad range of bacteria are allowing comparisons between species and explorations of srna evolution. in this review, we describe some examples of trans-encoded base-pairing srnas that are species-specific and others that are more broadly distributed. we also describe examples of srna orthologs where different features are conserved. these examples provide the background for a d ... | 2015 | 25934120 |
| molecular structure of an n-formyltransferase from providencia alcalifaciens o30. | the existence of n-formylated sugars in the o-antigens of gram-negative bacteria has been known since the middle 1980s, but only recently have the biosynthetic pathways for their production been reported. in these pathways, glucose-1-phosphate is first activated by attachment to a dtmp moiety. this step is followed by a dehydration reaction and an amination. the last step in these pathways is catalyzed by n-formyltransferases that utilize n(10) -formyltetrahydrofolate as the carbon source. here ... | 2015 | 25752909 |
| in vivo production of a novel glycoconjugate vaccine against shigella flexneri 2a in recombinant escherichia coli: identification of stimulating factors for in vivo glycosylation. | glycoconjugated vaccines composed of polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to immunogenic carrier proteins have proved to belong to the most effective and safest vaccines for combating bacterial pathogens. the functional transfer of the n-glycosylation machinery from campylobacter jejuni to the standard prokaryotic host escherichia coli established a novel bioconjugation methodology termed bacterial glycoengineering. | 2015 | 25612741 |
| structural asymmetry in a conserved signaling system that regulates division, replication, and virulence of an intracellular pathogen. | we have functionally and structurally defined an essential protein phosphorelay that regulates expression of genes required for growth, division, and intracellular survival of the global zoonotic pathogen brucella abortus. our study delineates phosphoryl transfer through this molecular pathway, which initiates from the sensor kinase ccka and proceeds through the chpt phosphotransferase to two regulatory substrates: ctra and cpdr. genetic perturbation of this system results in defects in cell gro ... | 2015 | 26124143 |
| iron response regulator protein irrb in magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense msr-1 helps control the iron/oxygen balance, oxidative stress tolerance, and magnetosome formation. | magnetotactic bacteria are capable of forming nanosized, membrane-enclosed magnetosomes under iron-rich and oxygen-limited conditions. the complete genomic sequence of magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain msr-1 has been analyzed and found to contain five fur homologue genes whose protein products are predicted to be involved in iron homeostasis and the response to oxidative stress. of these, only the mgmsrv2_3149 gene (irrb) was significantly downregulated under high-iron and low-oxygen condi ... | 2015 | 26386052 |
| clear distinction between burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei using fluorescent motb primers. | a frame-shift mutation in the flagellum motor gene motb coding for the chemotaxis motb protein of burkholderia mallei has been utilized to design a conventional duplex pcr assay with fluorescent labelled primers. | 2015 | 25887130 |
| phylogenetic co-occurrence of exor, exos, and chvi, components of the rsi bacterial invasion switch, suggests a key adaptive mechanism regulating the transition between free-living and host-invading phases in rhizobiales. | both bacterial symbionts and pathogens rely on their host-sensing mechanisms to activate the biosynthetic pathways necessary for their invasion into host cells. the gram-negative bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti relies on its rsi (exor-exos-chvi) invasion switch to turn on the production of succinoglycan, an exopolysaccharide required for its host invasion. recent whole-genome sequencing efforts have uncovered putative components of rsi-like invasion switches in many other symbiotic and pathogen ... | 2015 | 26309130 |
| isolation and molecular identification of mycoplasma equigenitalium from equine genital tracts in northern india. | although mycoplasma equigenitalium has been implicated in equine reproductive problems, its prevalence is largely unexplored due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. to address this limitation, the authors developed and optimized species-specific primer pairs that target m. eguigenitalium rpob (rna polymerase b subunit) gene sequences. the specificity of the pcr assay developed in this study was determined using 12 field isolates including the type strain of m. equigenitalium and other myco ... | 2015 | 27175172 |
| seroprevalence of brucella abortus and leptospira hardjo in cattle. | the aim was to assess the seroprevalence of b. abortus and leptospira hardjo in the cattle population of bihar, this work was carried out. | 2015 | 27047076 |
| prevalence of bacterial febrile illnesses in children in kilosa district, tanzania. | bacterial etiologies of non-malaria febrile illnesses have significantly become important due to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in children. despite their importance, there are few reports on the epidemiology of these diseases in tanzania, and the true burden of such illnesses remains unknown. this study aimed to identify the prevalence of leptospirosis, brucellosis, typhoid fever and urinary tract infections and their rate of co-infections with malaria. | 2015 | 25955522 |
| functional signatures of oral dysbiosis during periodontitis progression revealed by microbial metatranscriptome analysis. | periodontitis is a polymicrobial biofilm-induced inflammatory disease that affects 743 million people worldwide. the current model to explain periodontitis progression proposes that changes in the relative abundance of members of the oral microbiome lead to dysbiosis in the host-microbiome crosstalk and then to inflammation and bone loss. using combined metagenome/metatranscriptome analysis of the subgingival microbiome in progressing and non-progressing sites, we have characterized the distinct ... | 2015 | 25918553 |
| the role of infection in miscarriage. | miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 12 weeks (early miscarriage) or from 12 to 24 weeks (late miscarriage) of gestation. miscarriage occurs in one in five pregnancies and can have considerable physiological and psychological implications for the patient. it is also associated with significant health care costs. there is evidence that potentially preventable infections may account for up to 15% of early miscarriages and up to 66% of late miscarriages. however, the provision ... | 2015 | 26386469 |
| the role of infection in miscarriage. | miscarriage is the spontaneous loss of a pregnancy before 12 weeks (early miscarriage) or from 12 to 24 weeks (late miscarriage) of gestation. miscarriage occurs in one in five pregnancies and can have considerable physiological and psychological implications for the patient. it is also associated with significant health care costs. there is evidence that potentially preventable infections may account for up to 15% of early miscarriages and up to 66% of late miscarriages. however, the provision ... | 2015 | 26386469 |
| intracellular organisms as placental invaders. | in this article we present a novel model for how the human placenta might get infected via the hematogenous route. we present a list of diverse placental pathogens, like listeria monocytogenes or cytomegalovirus, which are familiar to most obstetricians, but others, like salmonella typhi, have only been reported in case studies or small case series. remarkably, all of these organisms on this list are either obligate or facultative intracellular organisms. these pathogens are able to enter and su ... | 2015 | 27695204 |
| intracellular organisms as placental invaders. | in this article we present a novel model for how the human placenta might get infected via the hematogenous route. we present a list of diverse placental pathogens, like listeria monocytogenes or cytomegalovirus, which are familiar to most obstetricians, but others, like salmonella typhi, have only been reported in case studies or small case series. remarkably, all of these organisms on this list are either obligate or facultative intracellular organisms. these pathogens are able to enter and su ... | 2015 | 27695204 |
| extensive identification of bacterial riboflavin transporters and their distribution across bacterial species. | riboflavin, the precursor for the cofactors flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and flavin adenine dinucleotide, is an essential metabolite in all organisms. while the functions for de novo riboflavin biosynthesis and riboflavin import may coexist in bacteria, the extent of this co-occurrence is undetermined. the ribm, ribn, rfuabcd and the energy-coupling factor-ribu bacterial riboflavin transporters have been experimentally characterized. in addition, impx, rfnt and ribxy are proposed as riboflavin tr ... | 2015 | 25938806 |
| overexpression of porcine beta-defensin 2 enhances resistance to actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs. | to reduce the need for antibiotics in animal production, alternative approaches are needed to control infection. we hypothesized that overexpression of native defensin genes will provide food animals with enhanced resistance to bacterial infections. in this study, recombinant porcine beta-defensin 2 (pbd-2) was overexpressed in stably transfected pk-15 porcine kidney cells. pbd-2 antibacterial activities against actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen causing porcine c ... | 2015 | 25916992 |
| serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa. | blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ... | 2015 | 25380366 |
| occurrence of antibodies anti -toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in southern brazil. | a large number of brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. blood samples from 32 brazilian deer (blastocerus dichotomus, mazama nana and mazama americana) kept in captivity at bela vista biological sanctuary (foz do iguaçu, brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. deer serum samples were tested ... | 2015 | 26689185 |
| association of histophilus somni with spontaneous abortions in dairy cattle herds from brazil. | this study investigated the participation of infectious agents in spontaneous abortions and reproductive problems at eight dairy cattle herds from three geographical regions of brazil. fourteen aborted fetuses and the organ sections of one cow with history of repeated abortions were received for pathological evaluations and molecular diagnostics. pcr/rt-pcr assays targeted specific genes of abortifacient agents of cattle: bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1), listeri ... | 2015 | 25480485 |
| the protoxin cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis improves the protection conferred by intranasal immunization with brucella abortus rb51 in a mouse model. | brucellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting many people and animals worldwide. preventing this infection requires improving vaccination strategies. the protoxin cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis is an adjuvant that, in addition to increasing the immunogenicity of different antigens, has shown to be protective in different models of parasitic infections. the objective of the present study was to test whether the intranasal co-administration of pcry1ac with the rb51 vaccine strain of brucella abort ... | 2015 | 25497237 |
| [genetic stability of the ha, na, and ns genes of the recombinant vector virus flu-ns1-124-omp16 (h5n1) expressing the brucellar gene]. | the recombinant strain flu-ns1-124-omp16 (h5n1) of the influenza virus expressing the brucellar omp16 gene was constructed on the basis of the technology of reverse genetics for the purpose of developing vector anti-brucellosis vaccine. the obtained recombinant strain is a genetically stable construction. this stability is confirmed by the comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the ha, na, and ns genes of the recombinant vector virus flu-ns1-124-omp16 (h5n1) expressing the omp16 gen ... | 2015 | 26665430 |
| proteomics-based identification of immunodominant proteins of brucellae using sera from infected hosts points towards enhanced pathogen survival during the infection. | brucella (b.) species lack classical virulence factors, but escape effectively the immune response of the host. the species brucella abortus and brucella melitensis infect predominantly cattle and small ruminants such as sheep or goats, respectively, but account also for most human cases. these two species share remarkably similar genomes but different proteomes have been demonstrated. this might be one of the reasons for their host specificity. a comprehensive identification of immunodominant p ... | 2015 | 25446124 |
| a20 promotes brucella intracellular growth via inhibition of macrophage cell death and activation. | the zinc-finger protein a20 has crucial physiological functions as a dual inhibitor of macrophage activation and apoptosis in tumor necrosis factor receptor1 (tnfr1) signaling pathway. brucella infection can induce a20 expression in macrophages. here, we hypothesize that a20 promotes brucella intracellular growth via inhibition of activation and apoptosis of macrophages. to test this hypothesis, we stably incorporated mouse a20-shrna into the raw264.7 cells by lentiviral gene transfer to success ... | 2015 | 25433453 |
| evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosing brucellosis in african buffalo (syncerus caffer). | brucellosis is a disease of veterinary and public health importance worldwide. in sub-saharan africa, where the bacterium brucella abortus has been identified in several free-ranging wildlife species, successful disease control may be dependent on accurate detection in wildlife reservoirs, including african buffalo (syncerus caffer). we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (idexx brucellosis serum ab test, idexx laboratories, westbro ... | 2015 | 25397998 |
| vaccination of adult animals with a reduced dose of brucella abortus s19 vaccine to control brucellosis on dairy farms in endemic areas of india. | bovine brucellosis is an economically important disease which seriously affects dairy farming by causing colossal losses. it can be controlled by practicing vaccination of animals with brucella abortus s19 vaccine (s19 vaccine). in the present study, adult bovines were vaccinated on seven dairy farms with a reduced dose of s19 vaccine to control brucellosis. serological screening of adult animals (n = 1,082) by rose bengal test (rbt) and elisa prior to vaccination revealed the presence and absen ... | 2015 | 25274621 |
| express immunochromatographic detection of antibodies against brucella abortus in cattle sera based on quantitative photometric registration and modulated cut-off level. | an immunochromatographic test system was developed for rapid detection of the levels of specific igg antibodies to brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide, as a tool for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. the pilot test strips were examined using blood sera from sick (78 samples) and healthy (35 samples) cows. the results obtained by immunochromatographic assay, using a portable optical densitometer for digital video detection, correlate well with the results obtained by immunoenzyme assay and are ... | 2015 | 24579979 |
| functional analysis of bovine nramp1 and production of transgenic cloned embryos in vitro. | natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (nramp1) plays an important role in restraining the growth of intracellular pathogens within macrophages. in this study, nramp1 cdna was cloned from qinchuan cattle and its anti-bacterial activity was demonstrated as being able to significantly inhibit the growth of salmonella abortusovis and brucella abortus in macrophages. calf fibroblasts stably transfected with psp-nramp1-ha vector were used to reconstruct bovine embryos by somatic cell nucl ... | 2015 | 23683995 |
| survey of omp19 immunogenicity against brucella abortus and brucella melitensis: influence of nanoparticulation versus traditional immunization. | brucellosis is the most common zoonotic bacterial disease. prevention of human brucellosis is achieved through pasteurization of dairy products, appropriate sanitation and vaccination of domestic animals against the brucella species. b. abortus unlipidated 19 kda outer membrane protein (u-omp19) is a promising candidate for a subunit vaccine against brucellosis. this study investigates immunogenicity of omp19 alone and with freund's adjuvant (omp19-ifa) and n-trimethyl chitosan (tmc/omp19) nanop ... | 2015 | 26395469 |
| stressed-out endoplasmic reticulum inflames the mitochondria. | bacterial infection induces inflammasome activation and release of interleukin-1 (il-1) cytokines. bronner et al. (2015) show that during brucella abortus infection, an endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, ire1α, initiates nlrp3- and caspase-2-mediated mitochondrial damage that potentiates nlrp3 inflammasome assembly. | 2015 | 26377891 |
| booster vaccination with safe, modified, live-attenuated mutants of brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine confers protective immunity against virulent strains of b. abortus and brucella canis in balb/c mice. | brucella abortus attenuated strain rb51 vaccine (rb51) is widely used in prevention of bovine brucellosis. although vaccination with this strain has been shown to be effective in conferring protection against bovine brucellosis, rb51 has several drawbacks, including residual virulence for animals and humans. therefore, a safe and efficacious vaccine is needed to overcome these disadvantages. in this study, we constructed several gene deletion mutants (δcydc, δcydd and δpurd single mutants, and δ ... | 2015 | 26341622 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of brucella strains isolated from autochthonous livestock reveals the dominance of b. abortus biovar 3a in nigeria. | brucellosis is a worldwide widespread zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus brucella. control of this disease in a given area requires an understanding of the brucella species circulating in livestock and humans. however, because of the difficulties intrinsic to brucella isolation and typing, such data are scarce for resource-poor areas. the paucity of bacteriological data and the consequent imperfect epidemiological picture are particularly critical for sahelian and sub-sahara african countr ... | 2015 | 26315770 |
| seroepidemiological study of neospora caninum in beef and dairy cattle in la pampa, argentina. | neospora caninum is considered one of the major causes of abortion in cattle. the aim of this study was to examine and quantify the extent of the infection in cattle in a representative region of argentina (la pampa, province). an average sample size of 36 sera per herd was selected from 97 beef and 24 dairy herds. a total of 4334 serum samples were tested for specific anti- neospora caninum igg using an indirect-elisa and 302 seropositive-elisa sera were re-examined using an avidity-elisa proce ... | 2015 | 26203996 |
| transcription of non-classic major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i in the bovine placenta throughout gestation and after brucella abortus infection. | transcription of non-classical major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) was assessed in the bovine placenta throughout gestation. additionally, the effect of brucella abortus infection on expression of non-classical mhc-i was also evaluated using a chorioallantoic membrane explant model of infection. the non-classical mhc-i genes micb and nc3 had higher levels of transcription in the intercotyledonary region when compared to the placentome, which had higher levels of transcription at the ... | 2015 | 26188737 |
| a lysr-family transcriptional regulator required for virulence in brucella abortus is highly conserved among the α-proteobacteria. | small rnas are principal elements of bacterial gene regulation and physiology. two small rnas in brucella abortus, abcr1 and abcr2, are required for wild-type virulence. examination of the abcr loci revealed the presence of a gene encoding a lysr-type transcriptional regulator flanking abcr2 on chromosome 1. deletion of this lysr gene (bab1_1517) resulted in the complete loss of abcr2 expression while no difference in abcr1 expression was observed. the b. abortus bab1_1517 mutant strain was sign ... | 2015 | 26175079 |
| serologic survey of snowshoe hares (lepus americanus) in the greater yellowstone area for brucellosis, tularemia, and snowshoe hare virus. | we examined sera from snowshoe hares (lepus americanus) livetrapped in the northern greater yellowstone area (gya), us, for antibodies to brucella abortus, francisella tularensis, and snowshoe hare virus (sshv). zero of 90, 0 of 67, and 40 of 100 samples were antibody positive for b. abortus, f. tularensis, and sshv, respectively. hares were trapped from 2009 to 2012, and of the six animals that were captured twice with at least 1 yr between captures, four developed antibody to sshv, indicating ... | 2015 | 26161724 |
| genetic diversity of brucella abortus and brucella melitensis in kazakhstan using mlva-16. | brucellosis is an endemic disease in central asia characterized by high infection rates in humans and animals. currently, little is known about the genetic diversity of brucella spp. circulating in the region, despite the high prevalence of brucellosis. this study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of brucella melitensis and brucella abortus strains circulating in the republic of kazakhstan. we genotyped 128 b. melitensis and 124 b. abortus strains collected in regions with the highest preva ... | 2015 | 26160544 |
| protective immune-response of aluminium hydroxide gel adjuvanted phage lysate of brucella abortus s19 in mice against direct virulent challenge with b. abortus 544. | the prophylactic efficacies of plain and alum adsorbed lysate were evaluated by direct virulent challenge in mice model. a recently isolated brucellaphage 'ϕld' was used for generation of lysates. twenty four h incubated brucella abortus s19 broth cultures standardized to contain approximately 10(8) cfu/ml were found suitable for generation of lysates. three lysate batches produced through separate cycles did not show any significant variation with respect to protein and polysaccharide contents, ... | 2015 | 26156404 |
| prediction of t cell epitopes of brucella abortus and evaluation of their protective role in mice. | brucellae are gram-negative intracellular bacteria that cause an important zoonotic disease called brucellosis. the animal vaccines are available but have disadvantage of causing abortions in a proportion of pregnant animals. the animal vaccines are also pathogenic to humans. recent trend in vaccine design has shifted to epitope-based vaccines that are safe and specific. in this study, efforts were made to identify mhc-i- and mhc-ii-restricted t cell epitopes of brucella abortus and evaluate the ... | 2015 | 26150246 |
| s-sad phasing of monoclinic histidine kinase from brucella abortus combining data from multiple crystals and orientations: an example of data-collection strategy and a posteriori analysis of different data combinations. | the histidine kinase (hk) domain belonging to the light-oxygen-voltage histidine kinase (lov-hk) from brucella abortus is a member of the hwe family, for which no structural information is available, and has low sequence identity (20%) to the closest hk present in the pdb. the `off-edge' s-sad method in macromolecular x-ray crystallography was used to solve the structure of the hk domain from lov-hk at low resolution from crystals in a low-symmetry space group (p21) and with four copies in the a ... | 2015 | 26143915 |
| a diagnostic protocol to identify water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) vaccinated with brucella abortus strain rb51 vaccine. | the use of live vaccine strain rb51 for vaccination of domestic water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) at risk of infection with brucella abortus is permitted notwithstanding the plans for the eradication and only under strict veterinary control. the antibodies induced by rb51 vaccination are not detectable using conventional diagnostic techniques; therefore, it is necessary to have a specific diagnostic tool able to discriminate vaccinated from unvaccinated animals. the combination of a complement f ... | 2015 | 26129660 |
| snapshots of conformational changes shed light into the ntrx receiver domain signal transduction mechanism. | brucella abortus is an important pathogenic bacterium that has to overcome oxygen deficiency in order to achieve a successful infection. previously, we proved that a two-component system formed by the histidine kinase ntry and the response regulator ntrx is essential to achieve an adaptive response to low oxygen tension conditions. even though the relevance of this signaling pathway has already been demonstrated in other microorganisms, its molecular activation mechanism has not yet been describ ... | 2015 | 26113057 |
| an influenza viral vector brucella abortus vaccine induces good cross-protection against brucella melitensis infection in pregnant heifers. | brucella melitensis can be transmitted and cause disease in cattle herds as a result of inadequate management of mixed livestock farms. ideally, vaccines against brucella abortus for cattle should also provide cross-protection against b. melitensis. previously we created a novel influenza viral vector b. abortus (flu-ba) vaccine expressing the brucella ribosomal proteins l7/l12 or omp16. this study demonstrated flu-ba vaccine with adjuvant montanide gel01 provided 100% protection against abortio ... | 2015 | 26093199 |
| survey for infectious disease in the south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis) population at punta san juan, peru. | the peruvian population of the south american fur seal ( arctocephalus australis ) is a distinct evolutionarily significant unit that is endangered. one of the largest rookeries for this species in peru is located within the punta san juan marine protected area (15°22's, 75°12'w). to better understand the current health status of this population, exposure to 10 pinniped pathogens was evaluated in adult female fur seals (n=29) via serology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques in novembe ... | 2015 | 26056875 |
| immune response triggered by brucella abortus following infection or vaccination. | brucella abortus live vaccines have been used successfully to control bovine brucellosis worldwide for decades. however, due to some limitations of these live vaccines, efforts are being made for the development of new safer and more effective vaccines that could also be used in other susceptible species. in this context, understanding the protective immune responses triggered by b. abortus is critical for the development of new vaccines. such understandings will enhance our knowledge of the hos ... | 2015 | 26048781 |
| serological, cultural, and molecular evidence of brucella infection in small ruminants in pakistan. | the objectives of the present study were to determine the seroprevalence and identify the causative agent of brucellosis in small ruminants in pakistan. | 2015 | 25989166 |
| evaluation of the combined use of the recombinant brucella abortus omp10, omp19 and omp28 proteins for the clinical diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. | currently, there are several serodiagnostic tools available for brucellosis, however, it is difficult to differentiate an active infection from vaccination. hence, there is a great need to develop alternative means that can distinguish between these two conditions without utilizing lipopolysaccharide (lps). this study was an attempt to determine the efficacy of combined recombinant brucella (b.) abortus outer membrane proteins (romps) and individual romps in the serodiagnosis of brucellosis by e ... | 2015 | 25988974 |
| parasitology and serology of free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in north carolina, usa. | coyotes (canis latrans) have expanded recently into the eastern us and can serve as a source of pathogens to domestic dogs (canis lupus familiaris), livestock, and humans. we examined free-ranging coyotes from central north carolina, us, for selected parasites and prevalence of antibodies against viral and bacterial agents. we detected ticks on most (81%) coyotes, with amblyomma americanum detected on 83% of those with ticks. fifteen (47%) coyotes were positive for heartworms (dirofilaria immiti ... | 2015 | 25984773 |
| comparison of buffered, acidified plate antigen to standard serologic tests for the detection of serum antibodies to brucella abortus in elk (cervus canadensis). | brucellosis (caused by the bacterium brucella abortus) is a zoonotic disease endemic in wild elk (cervus canadensis) of the greater yellowstone ecosystem, us. because livestock and humans working with elk or livestock are at risk, validated tests to detect the b. abortus antibody in elk are needed. using the κ-statistic, we evaluated the buffered, acidified plate antigen (bapa) assay for agreement with the results of the four serologic tests (card test [card], complement fixation test [cf], riva ... | 2015 | 25984771 |
| improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a divalent dna vaccine encoding brucella l7/l12-truncated omp31 fusion protein by a dna priming and protein boosting regimen. | brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases caused by species of brucella. at present, there is no commercially available vaccine for the human brucellosis. brucella melitensis and brucella abortus are the main causes of human brucellosis, worldwide. the outer membrane protein 31 (omp31) and l7/l12 are immunodominant and protective antigens conserved among human brucella pathogens. the purpose of the current study was to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy ... | 2015 | 25968974 |
| subcutaneous immunization with a novel immunogenic candidate (urease) confers protection against brucella abortus and brucella melitensis infections. | brucellosis is a world prevalent endemic illness that is transmitted from domestic animals to humans. brucella spp. exploits urease for survival in the harsh conditions of stomach during the gastrointestinal infection. in this study, we examined the immune response and the protection elicited by using recombinant brucella urease (rurease) vaccination in balb/c mice. the urease gene was cloned in pet28a and the resulting recombinant protein was employed as subunit vaccine. recombinant protein was ... | 2015 | 25939375 |
| recombinant l7/l12 protein entrapping plga (poly lactide-co-glycolide) micro particles protect balb/c mice against the virulent b. abortus 544 infection. | brucella abortus is the etiologic agent of brucellosis, a zoonotic infection affecting a wide range of animals. it is a highly infectious disease of pandemic potential reporting over 500,000 new human cases annually. till date, there is no reported vaccine for humans and the available animal vaccines are unsafe, therefore a safe and effective subunit vaccine is highly sought for. in this study, we have evaluated rl7/l12 protein encapsulated in microparticles of plga (85:15), a biocompatible and ... | 2015 | 25930114 |
| the effects of red ginseng saponin fraction-a (rgsf-a) on phagocytosis and intracellular signaling in brucella abortus infected raw 264.7 cells. | this study indicated that rgsf-a caused a marked reduction in the adherence, internalization and intracellular growth of brucella abortus in rgsf-a-treated cells. furthermore, a decline in the intensity of f-actin fluorescence was observed in rgsf-a-treated cells compared with untreated b. abortus-infected cells. in addition, an evaluation of phagocytic signaling proteins by western blot analysis revealed an apparent reduction of erk and p38α phosphorylation levels in b. abortus-infected rgsf-a- ... | 2015 | 25926528 |
| intermediate rough brucella abortus s19δper mutant is diva enable, safe to pregnant guinea pigs and confers protection to mice. | brucella abortus s19 is a smooth strain used as live vaccine against bovine brucellosis. smooth lipopolysaccharide (lps) is responsible for its residual virulence and serological interference. rough mutants defective of lps are more attenuated but confers lower level of protection. we describe a modified b. abortus s19 strain, named as s19δper, which exhibits intermediate rough phenotype with residual o-polysaccharide (ops). deletion of perosamine synthetase gene resulted in substantial attenuat ... | 2015 | 25869887 |
| rapid and specific identification of brucella abortus using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | a rapid and accurate diagnosis of brucellosis is required to reduce and prevent the spread of disease among animals and the risk of transfer to humans. in this study, a brucella abortus-specific (ba) lamp assay was developed, that had six primers designed from the bruab2_0168 region of chromosome i. the specificity of this lamp assay was confirmed with brucella reference strains, b. abortus vaccine strains, b. abortus isolates and phylogenetically or serologically related strains. the detection ... | 2015 | 25841288 |
| development of a dual vaccine for prevention of brucella abortus infection and escherichia coli o157:h7 intestinal colonization. | zoonoses that affect human and animal health have an important economic impact. in the study now presented, a bivalent vaccine has been developed that has the potential for preventing the transmission from cattle to humans of two bacterial pathogens: brucella abortus and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). a 66kda chimeric antigen, composed by espa, intimin, tir, and h7 flagellin (eith7) from stec, was constructed and expressed in b. abortus δpgm vaccine strain (babδpgm). mice orally ... | 2015 | 25820069 |
| crystal structure of cyclic nucleotide-binding-like protein from brucella abortus. | the cyclic nucleotide-binding (cnb)-like protein (cnb-l) from brucella abortus shares sequence homology with cnb domain-containing proteins. we determined the crystal structure of cnb-l at 2.0 å resolution in the absence of its c-terminal helix and nucleotide. the 3d structure of cnb-l is in a two-fold symmetric form. each protomer shows high structure similarity to that of cgmp-binding domain-containing proteins, and likely mimics their nucleotide-free conformation. a key residue, glu17, mediat ... | 2015 | 26549229 |
| brucella abortus cell cycle and infection are coordinated. | brucellae are facultative intracellular pathogens. the recent development of methods and genetically engineered strains allowed the description of cell-cycle progression of brucella abortus, including unipolar growth and the ordered initiation of chromosomal replication. b. abortus cell-cycle progression is coordinated with intracellular trafficking in the endosomal compartments. bacteria are first blocked at the g1 stage, growth and chromosome replication being resumed shortly before reaching t ... | 2015 | 26497941 |
| the history of brucellosis in the pacific island countries and territories and its re-emergence. | there are few publications on brucellosis within the pacific island countries and territories (picts). the reason is possibly because the cattle population has been reportedly free of the disease for many years until a re-emergence occurred in the fiji islands (viti levu) in 2009. this paper reports on the outbreak of brucellosis in fiji and its progression between 2009 and 2013 in the context of an overview of brucellosis in the pacific island community. review of the literature found only 28 a ... | 2015 | 26497272 |
| serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis using b. melitensis strain b115. | bovine brucellosis is diagnosed by official tests, such as rose bengal plate test (rbpt) and complement fixation test (cft). both tests detect antibodies directed against the lipolysaccharide (lps) of brucella cell wall. despite their good sensitivity, those tests do not discriminate between true positive and false positive serological reactions (fpsr), the latter being generated by animals infected with other gram negative microorganisms that share components of brucella lps. in this study, an ... | 2015 | 26476137 |
| molecular study of brucellosis in camels by the use of taqman® real-time pcr. | brucellosis is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. a study was designed aimed at detecting brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from camels by the use of real-time pcr in iran. sample collection and dna extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 camels (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. the real-time pcr for speci ... | 2015 | 26689877 |
| genetic characterization of brucella melitensis and brucella abortus geographical clusters in italy. | the genetic diversity of brucella melitensis and brucella abortus strains isolated in 199 cattle and sheep from 156 brucellosis outbreaks which occurred in 8 regions of southern italy in 2011, was determined using a multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis approach. the existence of possible genetic clusters was verified through a hierarchical cluster analysis based on 'single link', which is closely related to the minimum spanning tree. the hamming weighted distance matrix was ... | 2015 | 26455376 |
| brucellosis outbreak in a rural endemic region of mexico - a comprehensive investigation. | brucellosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease. generally, humans can be infected by either the consumption of raw milk and fresh cheeses made from unpasteurised milk or by contact with infected animals, mainly in endemic regions. in this study, we investigated a brucellosis outbreak in state of guanajuato, an endemic region of mexico. microbiological culture of human blood, raw milk from cows and goats, and fresh cheeses was performed to isolate brucella. identification of the bacteria was done by ... | 2015 | 26455370 |
| plga (85:15) nanoparticle based delivery of rl7/l12 ribosomal protein in mice protects against brucella abortus 544 infection: a promising alternate to traditional adjuvants. | there is a compelling need for the development of suitable adjuvants for human use to enhance the efficacy of the upcoming vaccines for the prevention of life threatening infections. in the current study, we have tried to explore the immunogenic potential of nanoparticles (nps) made of plga (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid), a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer approved by fda for human use after entrapping rl7/l12 protein, an immunodominant antigen of brucella. adjuvant properties were exhibi ... | 2015 | 26442664 |
| immunogenicity and protective effect of recombinant brucella abortus ndk (rndk) against a virulent strain b. abortus 544 infection in balb/c mice. | in this study, we particularly evaluated the protective effect of recombinant protein encoded by brucella abortus 544 ndk (nucleoside diphosphate kinase) gene against b. abortus infection in the balb/c mice. cloning and expression of b. abortus ndk was accomplished by pcr amplification into a pmal expression system, and purification of a recombinant ndk (rndk). as for the determination of igg responses, rndk induced vigorous igg production, especially higher in igg2a compared to igg1 with titers ... | 2015 | 25724777 |
| vaccination with recombinant l7/l12-truncated omp31 protein induces protection against brucella infection in balb/c mice. | brucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonotic disease worldwide and no vaccine is available for the prevention of human brucellosis. in humans, brucellosis is mostly caused by brucella melitensis and brucella abortus. the outer membrane protein 31 (omp31) and l7/l12 are immunodominant and protective antigens conserved in human brucella pathogens. in the present study, we evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by a fusion protein designed based on the truncated form of om ... | 2015 | 25723468 |
| context-dependent survival, fecundity and predicted population-level consequences of brucellosis in african buffalo. | chronic infections may have negative impacts on wildlife populations, yet their effects are difficult to detect in the absence of long-term population monitoring. brucella abortus, the bacteria responsible for bovine brucellosis, causes chronic infections and abortions in wild and domestic ungulates, but its impact on population dynamics is not well understood. we report infection patterns and fitness correlates of bovine brucellosis in african buffalo based on (1) 7 years of cross-sectional dis ... | 2015 | 25714466 |
| a new cis-encoded srna, bsrh, regulating the expression of hemh gene in brucella abortus 2308. | a total of 129 srna candidates were identified in brucella abortus 2308 in our previous work, and one candidate with potential to regulate expression of hemh gene was further analyzed in this study. we found that the novel srna can inhibit the expression of hemh and called it bsrh (brucella srna regulating hemh). the expression level of bsrh was tested in four different stress conditions. a significant upregulation was detected during the growth in acidic and brucella minimal media, as well as i ... | 2015 | 25670700 |
| failure of total hip arthroplasty secondary to infection caused by brucella abortus and the risk of transmission to operative staff. | infection of total knee or hip arthroplasty by brucella species is a rare complication. we describe the case of a failed hip replacement secondary to infection by brucella abortus, as well as presentation, treatment course, and 2-year follow-up. in addition, we review the literature for features of periprosthetic brucella species infections, and we describe the common exposures, clinical presentations, preoperative evaluation, and treatments used in the reported cases. furthermore, we discuss th ... | 2015 | 25658081 |
| the role of trem-2 in internalization and intracellular survival of brucella abortus in murine macrophages. | triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (trem-2) is a cell surface receptor primarily expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells. trem-2 functions as a phagocytic receptor for bacteria as well as an inhibitor of toll like receptors (tlr) induced inflammatory cytokines. however, the role of trem-2 in brucella intracellular growth remains unknown. to investigate whether trem-2 is involved in brucella intracellular survival, we chose bone marrow derived macrophages (bmdms), in which trem ... | 2015 | 25563793 |
| evaluation of different primers for detection of brucella in human and animal serum samples by using pcr method. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method can overcome the limitations of conventional methodology. the aim of this study is to evaluate three primer pairs broadly used b4/b5, f4/r2 and jpf/jpr, for detection of brucella by pcr, in human and animal serum samples and to determine analytic sensitivity of primers. | 2015 | 25556386 |
| survival of brucella abortus aqpx mutant in fresh and ripened cheeses. | the objective of this work was to evaluate the survival of a brucella abortus aqpx mutant during the elaboration and conservation of fresh and ripened cheeses at 4 °c and 24 °c. the ph values and water activity were monitored for each type of cheese. the fresh cheese was elaborated with raw milk inoculated with 6×10⁸ colony-forming units (cfu)/ml each of parental and mutant strain. ripening cheeses were elaborated with both raw and pasteurized milk and inoculated with 12×10⁸ cfu/ml each of paren ... | 2015 | 25551422 |
| mutation of purd and purf genes further attenuates brucella abortus strain rb51. | in the present study, transposon mutagenesis was used to further attenuate brucella abortus rb51 vaccine strain. two purd and purf mutants were constructed, characterized and evaluated for attenuation via intracellular survival in murine macrophage-like raw264.7 and hela cells, and by clearance in balb/c mice. the purd and purf mutants showed significantly decreased intracellular survival, and complementation of these mutants with intact copies of purd or purf genes of rb51 strain was able to re ... | 2015 | 25546140 |
| brucella abortus s19 and rb51 vaccine immunogenicity test: evaluation of three mice (balb/c, swiss and cd-1) and two challenge strains (544 and 2308). | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of different mouse strains (balb/c, swiss and cd-1) and different challenge strains (brucella abortus 544 and 2308) in the study of b. abortus vaccine (s19 and rb51) immunogenicity test in the murine model. no significant difference in b. abortus vaccine potency assay was found with the use of b. abortus 544 or b. abortus 2308 as challenge strain. results of variance analysis showed an interaction between treatment and mouse strain; therefore ... | 2015 | 25498211 |
| clinical and histological features of brucellin skin test responses in brucella suis biovar 2 infected pigs. | current serological tests for swine brucellosis detect antibodies to the brucella o-polysaccharide (o/ps). however, when infections by bacteria carrying cross-reacting o/ps occur, these tests suffer from false positive serological reactions (fpsr), and the skin test with brucella soluble protein extracts is the best diagnostic alternative to differentiate true brucella suis infections from fpsr in pigs. since this test has been seldom used in b. suis infected swine, the clinical and histological ... | 2015 | 25480681 |
| in vitro bactericidal activity of aminoglycosides, including the next-generation drug plazomicin, against brucella spp. | plazomicin is a next-generation aminoglycoside with a potentially unique set of clinical characteristics compared with other aminoglycosides. this study assessed the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of plazomicin against 15 clinical isolates as well as three reference strains representing brucella abortus, brucella melitensis and brucella suis. these data were compared with those obtained for six other aminoglycosides and two aminocyclitols. ... | 2015 | 25459738 |
| influence of brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide as an adjuvant on the immunogenicity of hpv-16 l1vlp vaccine in mice. | brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide (lps) has less toxicity and no pyrogenic properties in comparison with other bacterial lps. it is a toll-like receptor 4 agonist and has been shown to have the potential use as a vaccine adjuvant. in this study, the immunostimulatory properties of lps from smooth and rough strains of b. abortus (s19 and rb51) as adjuvants were investigated for the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) l1 virus-like particles (l1vlps) vaccines. c57bl/6 mice were immunized subcut ... | 2015 | 25187406 |
| variables associated with infections of cattle by brucella abortus., leptospira spp. and neospora spp. in amazon region in brazil. | the frequency of neospora spp., leptospira spp. and brucella abortus infections in adult cattle was determined in herds of the state of pará, brazil, which is an important region for cattle production located in the amazon region. a total of 3466 adult female cattle from 176 herds were tested, leading to a frequency of seropositive animals of 14.7%, 3.7% and 65.5% and a herd positivity of 87.4%, 41.3% and 98.8% for infections caused by neospora spp., b. abortus and leptospira spp., respectively. ... | 2015 | 26302373 |
| brucella pinnipedialis in hooded seal (cystophora cristata) primary epithelial cells. | marine brucella spp. have been isolated from numerous pinniped and cetacean species, but pathological findings in association with infection with brucella pinnipedialis in pinnipeds have been sparse. the capacity of brucellae to survive and replicate within host macrophages underlies their important ability to produce chronic infections, but previous work has shown that b. pinnipedialis spp. are rapidly eliminated from hooded seal (cystophora cristata) alveolar macrophages. | 2015 | 26809981 |
| brucella pinnipedialis in hooded seal (cystophora cristata) primary epithelial cells. | marine brucella spp. have been isolated from numerous pinniped and cetacean species, but pathological findings in association with infection with brucella pinnipedialis in pinnipeds have been sparse. the capacity of brucellae to survive and replicate within host macrophages underlies their important ability to produce chronic infections, but previous work has shown that b. pinnipedialis spp. are rapidly eliminated from hooded seal (cystophora cristata) alveolar macrophages. | 2015 | 26809981 |
| the unspecific side of acquired immunity against infectious disease: causes and consequences. | acquired immunity against infectious disease (aiid) has long been considered as strictly dependent on the b and t lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. consequently, aiid has been viewed as highly specific to the antigens expressed by pathogens. however, a growing body of data motivates revision of this central paradigm of immunology. unrelated past infection, vaccination, and chronic infection have been found to induce cross-protection against numerous pathogens. these observations can be ... | 2015 | 26793171 |
| the unspecific side of acquired immunity against infectious disease: causes and consequences. | acquired immunity against infectious disease (aiid) has long been considered as strictly dependent on the b and t lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system. consequently, aiid has been viewed as highly specific to the antigens expressed by pathogens. however, a growing body of data motivates revision of this central paradigm of immunology. unrelated past infection, vaccination, and chronic infection have been found to induce cross-protection against numerous pathogens. these observations can be ... | 2015 | 26793171 |
| applying science: opportunities to inform disease management policy with cooperative research within a one health framework. | the ongoing ebola outbreak in west africa and the current saiga antelope die off in kazakhstan each represent very real and difficult to manage public or veterinary health crises. they also illustrate the importance of stable and funded surveillance and sound policy for intervention or disease control. while these two events highlight extreme cases of infectious disease (ebola) or (possible) environmental exposure (saiga), diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, and plague are all zoon ... | 2015 | 26779471 |
| applying science: opportunities to inform disease management policy with cooperative research within a one health framework. | the ongoing ebola outbreak in west africa and the current saiga antelope die off in kazakhstan each represent very real and difficult to manage public or veterinary health crises. they also illustrate the importance of stable and funded surveillance and sound policy for intervention or disease control. while these two events highlight extreme cases of infectious disease (ebola) or (possible) environmental exposure (saiga), diseases such as anthrax, brucellosis, tularemia, and plague are all zoon ... | 2015 | 26779471 |
| brucella abortus invasion of osteocytes modulates connexin 43 and integrin expression and induces osteoclastogenesis via receptor activator of nf-κb ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion. | osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common localization of human active disease. osteocytes are the most abundant cells of bone. they secrete factors that regulate the differentiation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone remodeling. the aim of this study is to determine if brucella abortus infection modifies osteocyte function. our results indicate that b. abortus infection induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (mmp-2), receptor activator for nf-κb ligand (rankl), proinflammatory cyto ... | 2015 | 26459511 |
| brucella abortus invasion of osteocytes modulates connexin 43 and integrin expression and induces osteoclastogenesis via receptor activator of nf-κb ligand and tumor necrosis factor alpha secretion. | osteoarticular brucellosis is the most common localization of human active disease. osteocytes are the most abundant cells of bone. they secrete factors that regulate the differentiation of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone remodeling. the aim of this study is to determine if brucella abortus infection modifies osteocyte function. our results indicate that b. abortus infection induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 (mmp-2), receptor activator for nf-κb ligand (rankl), proinflammatory cyto ... | 2015 | 26459511 |
| bacterial stimulation of toll-like receptor 4 drives macrophages to hemophagocytose. | during acute infection with bacteria, viruses or parasites, a fraction of macrophages engulf large numbers of red and white blood cells, a process called hemophagocytosis. hemophagocytes persist into the chronic stage of infection and have an anti-inflammatory phenotype. salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection of immunocompetent mice results in acute followed by chronic infection, with the accumulation of hemophagocytes. the mechanism(s) that triggers a macrophage to become hemophagocy ... | 2015 | 26459510 |