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the crystal structure of the tandem-pas sensing domain of campylobacter jejuni chemoreceptor tlp1 suggests indirect mechanism of ligand recognition.chemotaxis and motility play an important role in the colonisation of avian and human hosts by campylobacter jejuni. chemotactic recognition of extracellular signals is mediated by the periplasmic sensing domain of methyl-accepting chemotactic proteins (membrane-embedded receptors). in this work, we report a high-resolution structure of the periplasmic sensing domain of transducer-like protein 1 (tlp1), an aspartate receptor of c. jejuni. crystallographic analysis revealed that it contains two p ...201626923153
probing polytopic membrane protein-substrate interactions by luminescence resonance energy transfer.integral membrane proteins play essential roles in all living systems; however, major technical hurdles challenge analyses of this class of proteins. biophysical approaches that provide structural information to complement and leverage experimentally determined and computationally predicted structures are urgently needed. herein we present the application of luminescence resonance energy transfer (lret) for investigating the interactions of the polytopic membrane-bound oligosaccharyl transferase ...201626918528
impact of mutations in dna gyrase genes on quinolone resistance in campylobacter jejuni.amino acid substitutions providing quinolone resistance to campyloabcter jejuni have been found in the quinolone resistance-determining region of protein dna gyrase subunit a (gyra), with the highest frequency at position 86 followed by position 90. in this study, wild-type and mutant recombinant dna gyrase subunits were expressed in escherichia coli and purified using ni-nta agarose column chromatography. soluble 97 kda gyra and 87 kda dna gyrase subunit b were shown to reconstitute atp-depende ...201626857529
a modified bioautographic method for antibacterial component screening against anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria.direct bioautography is a useful method to identify antimicrobial compounds with potential therapeutic importance. because of technical limitations till now, it has been applied only for aerobic bacteria. in this work we present the modification of the original method by which antimicrobial screening of bacteria requiring modified atmosphere became feasible by direct bioautography. here we demonstrate its applicability by testing three anaerobic clostridium perfringens and three microaerophilic ...201626853123
disease recurrence after early discontinuation of eculizumab in a patient with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome with complement c3 i1157t mutation.eculizumab, terminal complement inhibitor, has become the frontline treatment for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (ahus). however, the optimal treatment schedule has not yet been established. we describe here an ahus patient with a mutation of c3 i1157t who achieved remission with eculizumab and suffered a recurrence after eculizumab discontinuation, a clinical situation that has not been previously described in patients with c3 mutation. a 9-year-old male experienced an onset of ahus after v ...201626840081
estimation of concentration ratio of indicator to pathogen-related gene in environmental water based on left-censored data.a stochastic model for estimating the ratio between a fecal indicator and a pathogen based on left-censored data, which includes a substantially high number of non-detects, was constructed. river water samples were taken for 16 months at six points in a river watershed, and conventional fecal indicators (total coliforms and general escherichia coli), genetic markers (bacteroides spp.), and virulence genes (eaea of enteropathogenic e. coli and ciab of campylobacter jejuni) were quantified. the qu ...201626837826
biomimetic design results in a potent allosteric inhibitor of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from campylobacter jejuni.dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps), an enzyme required for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis, catalyzes the condensation of pyruvate and β-aspartate semialdehyde (asa) to form a cyclic product which dehydrates to form dihydrodipicolinate. dhdps has, for several years, been considered a putative target for novel antibiotics. we have designed the first potent inhibitor of this enzyme by mimicking its natural allosteric regulation by lysine, and obtained a crystal structure of the protein-inhi ...201626836694
colonization pattern of c. jejuni isolates of human and avian origin and differences in the induction of immune responses in chicken.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is the most frequently reported bacterial food-borne pathogen. poultry is regarded to be the main reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. by some authors c. jejuni is considered as a commensal of the chicken gut, but clinical signs may be observed indicating host-pathogen interaction. little is known about c. jejuni strain dependent differences in stimulation of the immune response in chicken. therefore we investigated the colonization pattern as well as humoral ...201626827832
rare encounter of unilateral facial nerve palsy in an adolescent with guillain-barré syndrome.unilateral facial nerve palsy is rarely encountered in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). we report a case of an adolescent girl who presented with peripheral ascending weakness, preceded by campylobacter jejuni infection. after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, the peripheral weakness improved. electro-diagnostic testing confirmed axonal dysfunction and the patient was positive for antiganglioside antibodies. however, the patient developed unilateral left-sided facial weakness. she was man ...201626823357
virulence gene expression, adhesion and invasion of campylobacter jejuni exposed to oxidative stress (h2o2).studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of oxidative stress conditions (exposure to hydrogen peroxide, h2o2) on [1] the expression of 14 campylobacter jejuni virulence-associated genes associated with motility and/or invasion (flaa, flab, flha, flhb, ciab, iama), adhesion (cadf), cytotoxin production (cdta, cdtb, cdtc) as well as some of the regulators of these genes (rpon, flia, luxs, cj1000), in 10 c. jejuni strains (5 poultry and 5 human) and [2] the ability of these cells to adhere ...201626773256
the use of fta cards for transport and detection of gyra mutation of campylobacter jejuni from poultry.the purpose of the present study was to evaluate a technique involving the use of commercially available fta classic card (whatman) for transporting and detection of dna to use in pcr analysis and genetic sequencing of campylobacter jejuni of poultry origin. fifty isolates of campylobacter jejuni were obtained from broiler carcasses in rio grande do sul, brazil. antimicrobial susceptibility testing to ciprofloxacin revealed that all 50 isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. each isolate was t ...201626769268
cloning, expression, purification, regulation, and subcellular localization of a mini-protein from campylobacter jejuni.the cj1169c-encoded putative protein of campylobacter was expressed and purified from e. coli after sequence optimization. the purified protein allowed the production of a specific rabbit antiserum that was used to study the protein expression in vitro and its subcellular localization in the bacterial cell and putative interactions with other proteins. this protein is produced in campylobacter and it clearly localizes into the periplasmic space. the level of protein production depends on factors ...201626750120
antimicrobial, rheological, and thermal properties of plasticized polylactide films incorporated with essential oils to inhibit staphylococcus aureus and campylobacter jejuni.polylactide (pla) is the most mature biobased and biodegradable polymer. due to its inherent brittleness, the polymer cannot be used as a packaging material without plasticizer. an attempt was made to develop antimicrobial plasticized pla film by incorporating polyethylene glycol (peg) and 3 essential oils (eo), namely cinnamon, garlic, and clove by solvent casting method. physical, thermal, and rheological properties of those films were evaluated for practical applications whereas the antimicro ...201626749466
pcr-rflp provides discrimination for total flaa sequence analysis in clinical campylobacter jejuni isolates.the aims of this study were to determine the genetic relatedness among 20 clinical campylobacter jejuni samples isolated from children with diarrhea in iran and to introduce the best method of discrimination based on flagellin gene (flaa) sequence divergence. a total of 400 stool specimens were obtained from children under 5 years of age from july 2012 to june 2013. primers were designed based on conserved sequences flanking the flaa gene that encompassed and amplified the entire flaa gene and f ...201626743147
prevalence and distribution of campylobacter jejuni in small-scale broiler operations.campylobacter jejuni has been recognized as one of the most prevalent causes of foodborne bacterial illnesses in humans. previous studies have focused on the transmission routes of c. jejuni from commercial flock farms to the final retail product. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of c. jejuni and campylobacter spp. in eggshells, live birds, feed, drinking water, and the rearing environment in a small-scale broiler operation. broilers were raised under two different pro ...201626735032
a bacterial cell shape-determining inhibitor.helicobacter pylori and campylobacter jejuni are human pathogens and causative agents of gastric ulcers/cancer and gastroenteritis, respectively. recent studies have uncovered a series of proteases that are responsible for maintaining the helical shape of these organisms. the h. pylori metalloprotease csd4 and its c. jejuni homologue pgp1 cleave the amide bond between meso-diaminopimelate and iso-d-glutamic acid in truncated peptidoglycan side chains. deletion of either csd4 or pgp1 results in b ...201626735022
the immunobiology of campylobacter jejuni: innate immunity and autoimmune diseases.the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni causes gastroenteritis and guillain-barré syndrome in humans. recent advances in the immunobiology of c. jejuni have been made. this review summarizes c. jejuni-binding innate receptors and highlights the role of innate immunity in autoimmune diseases. this human pathogen produces a variety of glycoconjugates, including human ganglioside-like determinants and multiple activators of toll-like receptors (tlrs). furthermore, c. jejuni targets myd88, ...201626709064
efficacy of feed additives against campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period.poultry meat is the major source of human campylobacteriosis, the most frequently reported zoonosis in the eu. the prevalence of campylobacter colonization in european broiler flocks is 71%. despite considerable efforts, there is still no effective strategy available to prevent or reduce campylobacter colonization in broilers. this study tested a wide variety of feed additives to reduce campylobacter shedding in primary poultry production. twelve additives containing organic or fatty acids, mono ...201626706356
efficacy of feed additives against campylobacter in live broilers during the entire rearing period: part b.a total of 636 day-of-hatch ross 308 broilers chicks were used in 4 independent trials carried out to screen the effect of 12 feed additives on reducing cecal colonization of campylobacterin broilers. the tested additives were probiotics based on b. subtilis and s. cerevisae, a garlic extract, a blend of herbal substances and essential oils, two different combinations of essential oils and organic acids (oa), two mixtures of flavoring compounds, medium chain fatty acids (mcfa), monoglycerides (m ...201626706354
typing of campylobacter jejuni isolated from turkey by genotypic methods, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence gene patterns: a retrospective study.in this retrospective study, typing ability, discriminatory power, and concordance between typing results obtained on 123 campylobacter jejuni turkey isolates, collected in 1998, within 14 different farms, applying multilocus sequence typing (mlst), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), antibiotic resistance profile, and virulence gene pattern, were assessed and compared. overall, 33 sequence types, 28 pulsotypes, 10 resistotypes, and 5 pathotypes were identified. mlst and pfge showed the bet ...201626693797
sensitive detection of campylobacter jejuni using nanoparticles enhanced qcm sensor.a quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) sensor platform was used to develop an immunosensor for the detection of food pathogen campylobacter jejuni. rabbit polyclonal antibodies and commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies against c. jejuni were investigated to construct direct, sandwich and gold-nanoparticles (aunps) amplified sandwich assays. the performance of the qcm immunosensor developed using sandwich assay by utilising the rabbit polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody and conj ...201626649490
detection of hepatitis e virus and other livestock-related pathogens in iowa streams.manure application is a source of pathogens to the environment. through overland runoff and tile drainage, zoonotic pathogens can contaminate surface water and streambed sediment and could affect both wildlife and human health. this study examined the environmental occurrence of gene markers for livestock-related bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens and antibiotic resistance in surface waters within the south fork iowa river basin before and after periods of swine manure application on agri ...201627318519
pathogen presence in european starlings inhabiting commercial piggeries in south australia.the majority of bacterial diarrhea-causing illnesses in domestic pigs result from infection with escherichia coli, salmonella spp., or campylobacter spp. these bacterial enteropathogens also correspond with the most-common bacteria isolated from wild birds. additionally, viral pathogens such as avian influenza virus (aiv), west nile virus (wnv, including kunjin disease), and newcastle disease virus (ndv) may also be carried and transmitted by birds in australia. introduced european starlings (st ...201627309283
a large outbreak of campylobacter jejuni infection in a university college caused by chicken liver pâté, australia, 2013.in october 2013, public health authorities were notified of a suspected outbreak of gastroenteritis in students and guests following a catered function at a university residential college. a retrospective cohort study was undertaken to examine whether foods served at the function caused illness. a total of 56 cases of gastroenteritis, including seven laboratory-confirmed cases of campylobacter jejuni infection, were identified in 235 eligible respondents. univariate analysis showed a significant ...201627306097
[multilocus sequence typing analysis of 47 campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from poultry in hubei province].to study the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of campylobacter jejuni in poultry in hubei province, we used multilocus sequence typing method to classify 47 local c. jejuni strains.201627305789
chicken cecal micrornas in the response to campylobacter jejuni inoculation by solexa sequencing.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is one of major foodborne pathogen that cause human diarrhea by consuming c. jejuni contaminated chicken products. micrornas play an integral role in many different biological processes including bacteria and virus inoculation in chickens. in this study, we identified chicken mirnas responding to c. jejuni inoculation through solexa sequencing in the cecum. as a result, four mirnas were significantly differentially expressed between inoculated and non-inoculated ...201627303046
resistance of campylobacter jejuni isolated from layer farms in northern jordan using microbroth dilution and disc diffusion techniques.campylobacter jejuni is an important pathogen of significant public health importance. this pathogen is associated with human infection and has been isolated from mammals and birds. ninety-two cloacal c. jejuni isolates were identified from 35 layer farms in northern jordan. antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and disc diffusion techniques with variable suggested breakpoints. using mic and eucast cut-off values, the study revealed a significan ...201627300500
identification and functional analysis of two toxin-antitoxin systems in campylobacter jejuni.toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are widely distributed in bacteria and play an important role in maintaining plasmid stability. the leading foodborne pathogen, campylobacter jejuni, can carry multiple plasmids associated with antibiotic resistance or virulence. previously a virulence plasmid named pvir was identified in c. jejuni 81-176 and ia3902, but determining the role of pvir in pathogenesis has been hampered because the plasmid cannot be cured. in this study, we report the identification of t ...201627291507
novel plasmid conferring kanamycin and tetracycline resistance in the turkey-derived campylobacter jejuni strain 11601md.in campylobacter spp., resistance to the antimicrobials kanamycin and tetracycline is frequently associated with plasmid-borne genes. however, relatively few plasmids of campylobacter jejuni have been fully characterized to date. a novel plasmid (p11601md; 44,095nt) harboring tet(o) was identified in c. jejuni strain 11601md, which was isolated from the jejunum of a turkey produced conventionally in north carolina. analysis of the p11601md sequence revealed the presence of a high-gc content cass ...201627268853
stimulation of biofilm formation by oxidative stress in campylobacter jejuni under aerobic conditions. 201627268722
a real options approach to biotechnology investment policy-the case of developing a campylobacter vaccine to poultry.the aim of the article is to identify and analyse public-private incentives for the development and marketing of new animal vaccines within a real options methodological framework, and to investigate how real options methodology can be utilized to support economic incentives for vaccine development in a cost-effective way. the development of a vaccine against campylobacter jejuni in poultry is applied as a case study. employing the real options methodology, the net present value of the vaccine r ...201627237391
high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter jejuni isolates circulating in humans and animals in incheon, republic of korea.campylobacter jejuni is one of the major causative pathogens of outbreaks or sporadic cases of diarrhoeal diseases worldwide. in this study, we compared the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of c. jejuni isolates of human and food-producing animal origins in korea and examined the genetic relatedness between these two groups of isolates. regardless of isolation source, all c. jejuni isolates harboured four virulence genes, cadf, cdtb, ciab and racr, whereas the wlan and virb11 genes were mo ...201627234414
microfluidics meets metabolomics to reveal the impact of campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical pathways.microfluidic devices that are currently being used in pharmaceutical research also have a significant potential for utilization in investigating exposure to infectious agents. we have established a microfluidic device cultured with caco-2 cells, and utilized metabolomics to investigate the biochemical responses to the bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni. in the microfluidic devices, caco-2 cells polarize at day 5, are uniform, have defined brush borders and tight junctions, and form a mucus ...201627231016
attenuation of adhesion, biofilm formation and quorum sensing of campylobacter jejuni by euodia ruticarpa.thermophilic campylobacters are a major cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease. adherence and biofilm formation are key elements of campylobacter jejuni persistence in unfavourable environmental conditions. the phytochemical analysis of euodia ruticarpa fruit ethanol solution extract (eree) indicated that the major compounds were evodiamine (1), rutaecarpine (2) and evocarpine (9). e. ruticarpa fruit ethanol solution extract, compounds 1 and 2 as well as a mixture of quinolinone alkalo ...201627230628
[the study of influence of stresses on virulence genes expression in foodborne pathogens campylobacter jejuni].the study of the responses to cold exposure in campylobacterjejuni (c. jejuni)--one of the most common foodborne pathogens is important for elucidating the mechanisms of acquisition of products contaminated with campylobacter, hazardous properties. these data are also necessary to create effective systems of microbiological controls at all stages of production and storage of food. 5 pairs of oligonucleotide primers were selected for detecting of genes cadf, cdtb, ciab, flaa, iama, encoding the m ...201627228703
demyelinating guillain-barré syndrome recurs more frequently than axonal subtypes.guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is considered a monophasic disorder yet recurrences occur in up to 6% of patients. we retrospectively studied an italian-japanese population of 236 gbs and 73 miller fisher syndrome (mfs) patients and searched for factors which may be associated with recurrence. a recurrent patient was defined as having at least two episodes that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for gbs and mfs with an identifiable recovery after each episode and a minimum of 2months between episod ...201627206890
campylobacter jejuni adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase is an active hexamer that is allosterically controlled by the twisting of a regulatory tail.adenosine triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (atp-prt) catalyzes the first committed step of the histidine biosynthesis in plants and microorganisms. here, we present the functional and structural characterization of the atp-prt from the pathogenic ε-proteobacteria campylobacter jejuni (cjeatp-prt). this enzyme is a member of the long form (hisgl ) atp-prt and is allosterically inhibited by histidine, which binds to a remote regulatory domain, and competitively inhibited by amp. in the cryst ...201627191057
campylobacter jejuni colonization promotes the translocation of escherichia coli to extra-intestinal organs and disturbs the short-chain fatty acids profiles in the chicken gut.for a long time campylobacter was only considered as a commensal microorganism in avian hosts restricted to the ceca, without any pathogenic features. the precise reasons for the symptomless chicken carriers are still unknown, but investigations of the gastrointestinal ecology of broiler chickens may improve our understanding of the microbial interactions with the host. therefore, the current studies were conducted to investigate the effects of campylobacter jejuni colonization on escherichia co ...201627143773
campylobacter jejuni in musca domestica: an examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies.the house fly, musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of campylobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for campylobacter jejuni. we investigated the period after c. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable c. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult m. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of hou ...201627134186
the influence of age on campylobacter jejuni infection in chicken.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni)-host-interaction may be affected by the maturation stage of the chicken's immune system and the developing gut microbiota composition. we compared these parameters between birds c. jejuni-inoculated at day one, 10, 22 and 31 post hatch. the highest c. jejuni-colonization rate and numbers of colony forming units (cfu) were detected in caecal content of day-one-inoculated birds while the lowest was detected in 22-days-old birds. the low bacterial colonization of 22 ...201627131855
a screening algorithm for diagnosing bacterial gastroenteritis by real-time pcr in combination with guided culture.we have introduced a real-time pcr for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella spp., shigella spp./enteroinvasive escherichia coli and yersinia enterocolitica in fecal samples in our routine laboratory. this new approach showed consistent results, with minimal inter-sample variation. when compared to conventional culture, the hands-on time decreased by 13 h/wk, and the median turnaround time drastically shortened from 73 to 29 h (p < .0001). moreover, the detection rate of ...201627107537
detection of pathogenic campylobacter, e. coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in wastewater by pcr assay.the aim of this study was the evaluation of the occurrence of pathogenic campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, e. coli virulence genes and salmonella spp. in different wastewater treatment plants (wwtps) using a method based on an enrichment step and pcr. this method was sensitive enough to detect low levels (∼2 cfu100 ml(-1) of raw sewage) of all the investigated pathogens. in the wwtp samples, e. coli o157:h7 dna and the eae gene were never found, but 33 % of influents and effluents exhibit ...201627106076
the influence of feeding crimped kernel maize silage on growth performance and intestinal colonization with campylobacter jejuni of broilers.an infection trial and a production trial over 35 days were conducted in parallel to study the influence of feeding crimped kernel maize silage (ckms) on the intestinal campylobacter jejuni colonization and broiler performance, respectively. the ckms was used at dietary inclusion levels of 15% and 30% in maize-based diets. broilers were orally inoculated with 2 × 10(5) log cfu/ml c. jejuni on day 14. four birds from each pen were randomly selected and killed by cervical dislocation on days 3, 6, ...201627100153
the biofilm matrix of campylobacter jejuni determined by fluorescence lectin-binding analysis.campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the most common bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis. despite its fastidious growth, it can survive harsh conditions through biofilm formation. in this work, fluorescence lectin-binding analysis was used to determine the glycoconjugates present in the biofilm matrix of two well-described strains. screening of 72 lectins revealed strain-specific patterns with six lectins interacting with the biofilm matrix of both strains. the most common sugar moiety contai ...201627097059
[shifting cellulitis in a patient with x-linked hypogammaglobulinemia].in cases of immunodeficiency, a systemic infection may be revealed by atypical symptoms, particularly those involving the skin.201627080822
tracing isolates from domestic human campylobacter jejuni infections to chicken slaughter batches and swimming water using whole-genome multilocus sequence typing.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and chicken is considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis. in this study, we investigated temporally related finnish human (n=95), chicken (n=83) and swimming water (n=20) c. jejuni isolates collected during the seasonal peak in 2012 using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and whole-genome mlst (wgmlst). our objective was to trace domestic human c. jejuni infections to c. jejuni isolates from chicken ...201627041390
evaluation of immunogenicity and protective efficacy of combination heat-killed immunogens from three entero-invasive bacteria in rabbit model.diarrhea is a very common health problem in both developing and developed countries. among the major entero-invasive bacteria, shigella, salmonella and campylobacter cause serious problems in different geographic regions. recently we have shown immunogenicity and protective efficacy of heat killed multi-serotype shigella immunogen in different animal models. in our present study, we have advanced our research by preparing a combination heat-killed immunogen of three different entero-invasive bac ...201627039316
invasive behavior of campylobacter jejuni in immunosuppressed chicken.campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of gastroenteritis in humans but rather harmless in chickens. the basis of this difference is unknown. we investigated the effect of the chicken immune defense on the behavior of c. jejuni using glucocorticoid (gc)-treated and mock-treated 17-day old ross 308 chicken bearing in mind that gcs have immunosuppressive effects and dampen the innate immune response. the effect of gc administration on the behavior of c. jejuni was compared with that on infect ...201627574876
bacterial n-glycosylation efficiency is dependent on the structural context of target sequons.site selectivity of protein n-linked glycosylation is dependent on many factors, including accessibility of the modification site, amino acid composition of the glycosylation consensus sequence, and cellular localization of target proteins. previous studies have shown that the bacterial oligosaccharyltransferase, pglb, of campylobacter jejuni favors acceptor proteins with consensus sequences ((d/e)x1nx2(s/t), where x1,2 ≠ proline) in flexible, solvent-exposed motifs; however, several native glyc ...201627573243
total biosynthesis of legionaminic acid, a bacterial sialic acid analogue.legionaminic acid, leg5,7ac2 , a nonulosonic acid like 5-acetamido neuraminic acid (neu5ac, sialic acid), is found in cell surface glycoconjugates of bacteria including the pathogens campylobacter jejuni, acinetobacter baumanii and legionella pneumophila. the presence of leg5,7ac2 has been correlated with virulence in humans by mechanisms that likely involve subversion of the host's immune system or interactions with host cell surfaces due to its similarity to neu5ac. investigation into its role ...201627538580
[invasive campylobacter jejuni/coli infections: 9 case reports at a single center between 2000 and 2015, and a review of literature describing japanese patients].there have been few coherent reports on extraintestinal infection or bacteremia caused by campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) or c. coli in japan. to clarify the clinical and microbiological characteristics of invasive infections caused by these two species, we retrospectively analyzed the records of patients from whom these pathogens had been isolated from sterile sites between 2000 and 2015. during this study period, we identified 9 patients. the clinical syndrome of all of these patients was bac ...201627529964
the impact of the luxs mutation on phenotypic expression of factors critical for campylobacter jejuni colonization.studies have collectively shown the wide impact that luxs mutation has on the expression and function of various aspects of campylobacter jejuni virulence. previous work from our group demonstrated that luxs mutagenesis negatively impacts colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of several host species. to determine what is responsible for the colonization defect, we used a mechanistic approach to understand how the luxs mutation affects the expression of key physiologic factors important to t ...201627527763
peptidoglycan acetylation of campylobacter jejuni is essential for maintaining cell wall integrity and colonization in chicken intestines.peptidoglycan (pg) acetylation of gram-positive bacteria confers lysozyme resistance and contributes to survival in the host. however, the importance of pg acetylation in gram-negative bacteria has not been fully elucidated. the genes encoding putative pg acetyltransferase a (pata) and b (patb) are highly conserved in campylobacter jejuni, the predominant cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide. to evaluate the importance of pata and patb of c. jejuni, we constructed pata and patb isogenic mutants ...201627520822
antimicrobial and virulence-modulating effects of clove essential oil on the foodborne pathogen campylobacter jejuni.our study investigated the antimicrobial action of clove (syzygium aromaticum) essential oil (eo) on the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter jejuni after confirming the clove essential oil's general antibacterial effect, we analyzed the reference strain campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168. phenotypic, proteomic, and transcriptomic methods were used to reveal changes in cell morphology and functions when exposed to sublethal concentrations of clove eo. the normally curved cells showed markedly straighten ...201627520816
the influence of prior modes of growth, temperature, medium, and substrate surface on biofilm formation by antibiotic-resistant campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. it has been suggested that biofilm formation may play a role in survival of these bacteria in the environment. in this study, the influence of prior modes of growth (planktonic or sessile), temperatures (37 and 42 °c), and nutrient conditions (nutrient broth and mueller-hinton broth) on biofilm formation by eight c. jejuni strains with different antibiotic resistance profiles was e ...201627623781
molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni infection in israel-a nationwide study.the incidence of campylobacter infection in israel, particularly among children <2 years of age, has risen over the last decade and became one of the highest among industrialized countries. this study explored the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in israel over a decade (2003-2012) using multilocus sequence typing (mlst) combined with demographic metadata. representative clinical isolates (438) from a large national repository together with selected veterinary isolates (74) were su ...201627615719
campylobacter jejuni: a rare agent in a child with peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis.peritonitis is a serious problem in children receiving peritoneal dialysis. campylobacter jejuni is an unusual cause of peritonitis. a 10-year-old boy who had end stage renal failure due to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain and fever. peritoneal dialysis fluid was cloudy and microscopic examination showed abundant leukocytes. intraperitoneal cefepime treatment was started. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from peritoneal dialysis fluid culture a ...201627606662
evidence of allosteric enzyme regulation via changes in conformational dynamics: a hydrogen/deuterium exchange investigation of dihydrodipicolinate synthase.dihydrodipicolinate synthase is a tetrameric enzyme of the diaminopimelate pathway in bacteria and plants. the protein catalyzes the condensation of pyruvate (pyr) and aspartate semialdehyde en route to the end product lysine (lys). dihydrodipicolinate synthase from campylobacter jejuni (cjdhdps) is allosterically inhibited by lys. cjdhdps is a promising antibiotic target, as highlighted by the recent development of a potent bis-lysine (bislys) inhibitor. the mechanism whereby lys and bislys all ...201627604304
decay rates of zoonotic pathogens and viral surrogates in soils amended with biosolids and manures and comparison of qpcr and culture derived rates.the purpose of this study was to establish inactivation decay constants of foodborne pathogens and coliphage in clay and sandy soils for future "downstream" analyses such as quantitative microbial risk analysis and to compare cultivation-dependent and -independent (e.g. qpcr) methods.201627585434
development of multiplex-mismatch amplification mutation-pcr assay for simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni and mutation in gyra gene related to fluoroquinolone resistance.campylobacter jejuni, a foodborne pathogen, is the major cause of enteritis in humans worldwide, however, its increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones reported recently is of a major concern. in the present study, multiplex-mismatch amplification mutation assay-polymerase chain reaction (mmama-pcr) was developed for the first time with the aim to quickly identify c. jejuni and to detect the single nucleotide mutation (c-257 to t) frequently observed in gyra gene, associated with the acquisition ...201627584716
prevalence and characteristics of salmonella and campylobacter in retail poultry meat in japan.this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relatedness of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica and campylobacter spp. in poultry meat, and to analyze the association of genetic types of these bacteria with their geographical distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles. fifty-four and 71 of 100 samples were found to be contaminated with salmonella and campylobacter, respectively. nine salmonella serotypes were found, including s. enteric ...201627580577
developing a salivary antibody multiplex immunoassay to measure human exposure to environmental pathogens.the etiology and impacts of human exposure to environmental pathogens are of major concern worldwide and, thus, the ability to assess exposure and infections using cost effective, high-throughput approaches would be indispensable. this manuscript describes the development and analysis of a bead-based multiplex immunoassay capable of measuring the presence of antibodies in human saliva to multiple pathogens simultaneously. saliva is particularly attractive in this application because it is noninv ...201627685162
the host-pathogen interaction in campylobacter jejuni infection of chickens: an understudied aspect that is crucial for effective control. 201627668455
guillain-barré syndrome: what have we learnt during one century? a personal historical perspective.we are approaching the centenary of the first description of guillain-barré syndrome. the past 30 years had witnessed an amazing progress in the understanding of the immunological and pathological mechanisms of this disorder. we now recognize that guillain-barré syndrome is remarkably heterogeneous and under this umbrella term are several variants and subtypes with distinct clinical, electrophysiological and immunopathological features. this review is a historical journey, through a personal per ...201627659900
the helical shape of campylobacter jejuni promotes in vivo pathogenesis by aiding transit through intestinal mucus and colonization of crypts.campylobacter jejuni is a helix-shaped enteric bacterial pathogen and a common cause of gastroenteritis. we recently developed a mouse model for this human pathogen utilizing the sigirr-deficient mouse strain, which exhibits significant intestinal inflammation in response to intestinal c. jejuni infection. in the current study, this mouse model was used to define whether c. jejuni's characteristic helical shape plays a role in its ability to colonize and elicit inflammation in the mouse intestin ...201627647867
validation of the ansr® for campylobacter method for detection of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in chicken carcass rinse and turkey sponge samples.a performance validation of the ansr® for campylobacter method was conducted in selected matrixes. this assay used selective nicking enzyme amplification technology to amplify target genes. samples were enriched for 20 to 24 h and then lysed. the assay was completed within 50 min using real-time detection in a combination incubator/fluorescence detector and software. when 50 distinct strains of campylobacter jejuni, c. lari, or c. coli were tested for inclusivity, all 50 strains produced positiv ...201627634328
the human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose quenches campylobacter jejuni-induced inflammation in human epithelial cells hep-2 and ht-29 and in mouse intestinal mucosa.campylobacter jejuni causes diarrhea worldwide; young children are most susceptible. binding of virulent c. jejuni to the intestinal mucosa is inhibited ex vivo by α1,2-fucosylated carbohydrate moieties, including human milk oligosaccharides (hmoss).201627629573
distribution of campylobacter jejuni multilocus sequence types isolated from chickens in poland.poultry is recognized as the most important source of food-related transmission of campylobacter jejuni to humans and campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonotic bacterial disease in the european union. it has been documented that c. jejuni is genetically diverse and analyses of bacterial isolates usually show a large strain variety. therefore, molecular typing of strains represents an important tool to study the genetic diversity of isolates and to trace individual strains that ca ...201627702925
fatal campylobacter jejuni ileocolitis.campylobacter infection usually starts in the jejunum and ileum and progresses distally. the case fatality rate is low and most occur in elderly or patients with comorbidity as in this case. antibiotics should be used in severe cases or patients at risk. the choices are macrolides and fluoroquinolones. however, in some countries quinolone resistance is increasing, as in spain. we shouldn´t forget this fact for the proper treatment approach and specifically in refractory cases.201627701889
chemical, physical and morphological properties of bacterial biofilms affect survival of encased campylobacter jejuni f38011 under aerobic stress.campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic pathogen and leading cause of human gastroenteritis. the presence of c. jejuni encased in biofilms found in meat and poultry processing facilities may be the major strategy for its survival and dissemination in aerobic environment. in this study, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica, or pseudomonas aeruginosa was mixed with c. jejuni f38011 as a culture to form dual-species biofilms. after 4days' exposure to aerobic stress, no viable c. jejuni cell ...201627648759
genomic comparison of campylobacter spp. and their potential for zoonotic transmission between birds, primates, and livestock.campylobacter is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. wild birds, including american crows, are abundant in urban, suburban, and agricultural settings and are likely zoonotic vectors of campylobacter their proximity to humans and livestock increases the potential spreading of campylobacter via crows between the environment, livestock, and humans. however, no studies have definitively demonstrated that crows are a vector for pathogenic campylobacter we used genomics to evaluate t ...201627736787
impact of waning acquired immunity and asymptomatic infections on case-control studies for enteric pathogens.case-control studies of outbreaks and of sporadic cases of infectious diseases may provide a biased estimate of the infection rate ratio, due to selecting controls that are not at risk of disease. we use a dynamic mathematical model to explore biases introduced in results drawn from case-control studies of enteric pathogens by waning and boosting of immunity, and by asymptomatic infections, using campylobacter jejuni as an example. individuals in the population are either susceptible (at risk of ...201627915211
host cell binding of the flagellar tip protein of campylobacter jejuni.flagella are nanofibers that drive bacterial movement. the filaments are generally composed of thousands of tightly packed flagellin subunits with a terminal cap protein, named flid. here, we report that the flid protein of the bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni binds to host cells. live-cell imaging and confocal microscopy showed initial contact of the bacteria with epithelial cells via the flagella tip. recombinant flid protein bound to the surface of intestinal epithelial cells in a dose ...201628008697
photoinactivation of eight health-relevant bacterial species: determining the importance of the exogenous indirect mechanism.it is presently unknown to what extent the endogenous direct, endogenous indirect, and exogenous indirect mechanisms contribute to bacterial photoinactivation in natural surface waters. in this study, we investigated the importance of the exogenous indirect mechanism by conducting photoinactivation experiments with eight health-relevant bacterial species (bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, campylobacter jejuni, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli k12, e. coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar ...201627121126
variation in the limit-of-detection of the prospect campylobacter microplate enzyme immunoassay in stools spiked with emerging campylobacter species.campylobacter enteritis in humans is primarily associated with c. jejuni/coli infection. the impact of other campylobacter spp. is likely to be underestimated due to the bias of culture methods towards campylobacter jejuni/coli diagnosis. stool antigen tests are becoming increasingly popular and appear generally less species-specific. a review of independent studies of the prospect® campylobacter microplate enzyme immunoassay (eia) developed for c. jejuni/coli showed comparable diagnostic result ...201627317896
epitope mapping of campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein (flid) by chicken (gallus gallus domesticus) sera.campylobacter jejuni, a gram-negative rod, is a zoonotic pathogen associated with human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. the flagellum, composed of more than 35 proteins, is responsible for colonization of c. jejuni in the host gastrointestinal tract as well as inducing protective antibodies against the homologous serotype. in our previous study, we demonstrated that the flagellar capping protein (flid) is an immunodominant protein that reacted strongly to sera from field chickens. in ...201627865268
guillain-barré syndrome: a century of progress.in 1916, guillain, barré and strohl reported on two cases of acute flaccid paralysis with high cerebrospinal fluid protein levels and normal cell counts - novel findings that identified the disease we now know as guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). 100 years on, we have made great progress with the clinical and pathological characterization of gbs. early clinicopathological and animal studies indicated that gbs was an immune-mediated demyelinating disorder, and that severe gbs could result in seconda ...201627857121
subtyping of campylobacter jejuni ssp. doylei isolates using mass spectrometry-based phyloproteomics (mspp).maldi-tof ms offers the possibility to differentiate some bacteria not only at the species and subspecies level but even below, at the strain level. allelic isoforms of the detectable biomarker ions result in isolate-specific mass shifts. mass spectrometry-based phyloproteomics (mspp) is a novel technique that combines the mass spectrometric detectable biomarker masses in a scheme that allows deduction of phyloproteomic relations from isolate specific mass shifts compared to a genome sequenced r ...201627842363
detection of campylobacter jejuni in lizard faeces from central australia using quantitative pcr.worldwide, campylobacter is a significant cause of gastrointestinal illness. it is predominately considered a foodborne pathogen, with human exposure via non-food transmission routes generally overlooked. current literature has been exploring environmental reservoirs of campylobacteriosis including potential wildlife reservoirs. given the close proximity between lizards and human habitats in central australia, this study examined the presence of campylobacter jejuni from lizard faeces collected ...201628025556
monomorphic genotypes within a generalist lineage of campylobacter jejuni show signs of global dispersion.the decreased costs of genome sequencing have increased the capability to apply whole-genome sequencing to epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic campylobacter jejuni. however, knowledge of the genetic diversity of this bacteria is vital for inferring relatedness between epidemiologically linked isolates and a necessary prerequisite for correct application of this methodology. to address this issue in c. jejuni we investigated the spatial and temporal signals in the genomes of a major clonal c ...201628348829
knowledge gaps in host-parasite interaction preclude accurate assessment of meat-borne exposure to toxoplasma gondii.toxoplasma gondii is recognized as a widely prevalent zoonotic parasite worldwide. although several studies clearly identified meat products as an important source of t. gondii infections in humans, quantitative understanding of the risk posed to humans through the food chain is surprisingly scant. while probabilistic risk assessments for pathogens such as campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes or escherichia coli have been well established, attempts to quantify the probability of human ex ...201628139250
campylobacter concisus pathotypes are present at significant levels in patients with gastroenteritis.given that campylobacter jejuni is recognized as the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, recent findings showing comparable levels of campylobacter concisus in patients with gastroenteritis would suggest that this bacterium is clinically important. the prevalence and abundance of campylobacter concisus in stool samples collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis was examined using quantitative real-time pcr. the associated virulence determinants exotoxin 9 and zonula ...201626698172
immunoglobulin g response in patients with campylobacter concisus diarrhea.limited information is available on the systemic immunoglobulin response in patients infected with the emerging pathogen campylobacter concisus. the aim of the present study was to detect anti-c. concisus antibodies in serum of 88 patients with c. concisus gastroenteritis. specific igg antibodies to c. concisus were measured in serum using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and pooled donor serum was used as a control. the mean optical density was 0.135 (sem: 0.020) for the 88 adult ...201626643061
sensitivity to enterocins of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from different poultry species.campylobacter spp. have been isolated from various animals, including poultry. they are rapidly transmitted throughout broiler sheds by the fecal-oral route. a promising strategy to reduce campylobacter spp. in poultry may be done due to the beneficial properties of probiotic bacteria and their bacteriocins. in this study, inhibition spectrum/activity of different enterocins was evaluated against campylobacter spp. (isolated from different poultry) to indicate further practical use of enterocins ...201627602434
sensitivity of direct culture, enrichment and pcr for detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in broiler flocks at slaughter.broiler chicken flocks are a significant source of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli that result in the major public health problem of campylobacteriosis. accurate estimates of the prevalence of both c. coli and c. jejuni in flocks would enhance epidemiological understanding, risk assessment and control options. this study combined results from a panel of 10 detection tests (direct culture, enrichment and pcr) on caecal samples from flocks at slaughter. a parallel interpretation approa ...201627770505
one health in practice: a pilot project for integrated care of zoonotic infections in immunocompromised children and their pets in chile.although pets provide physiological and psychological benefits to their owners, they are a potential source of zoonotic infections, especially for vulnerable individuals such as immunocompromised patients. during 1 year, we therefore performed a pilot project, which included 32 immunocompromised chilean children and their family pets (35 dogs and 9 cats) with the aim of detecting, treating and preventing zoonotic infections. children were examined by infectious diseases paediatricians and demogr ...201626684576
campylobacteriosis: the role of poultry meat.the incidence of human infections caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the main bacterial agents of gastrointestinal disease, has been increasing worldwide. here, we review the role of poultry as a source and reservoir for campylobacter. contamination and subsequent colonization of broiler flocks at the farm level often lead to transmission of campylobacter along the poultry production chain and contamination of poultry meat at retail. yet campylobacter prevalence in poultry, a ...201626686808
salmonella and campylobacter: antimicrobial resistance and bacteriophage control in poultry.salmonella and campylobacter are major causes of foodborne related illness and are traditionally associated with consuming undercooked poultry and/or consuming products that have been cross contaminated with raw poultry. many of the isolated salmonella and campylobacter that can cause disease have displayed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. although poultry producers have reduced on-the-farm overuse of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistant salmonella and campylobacter strains still persist. ...201626678136
identification of the main quinolone resistance determinant in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by mama-deg pcr.among zoonotic diseases, campylobacteriosis stands out as the major bacterial infection producing human gastroenteritis. antimicrobial therapy, only recommended in critical cases, is challenged by resistance mechanisms that should be unambiguously detected for achievement of effective treatments. quinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the 2 main campylobacter detected in humans, is conferred by the mutation gyra c-257-t, which can be genotyped by sev ...201626658311
molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance and caco-2 cell invasion potential of campylobacter jejuni/coli from young children with diarrhea.campylobacter is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. young children represent a particular age group affected by campylobacter infection because of their limited diets and weak immune systems.201626627197
comprehensive analysis of flagellin glycosylation in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 reveals incorporation of legionaminic acid and its importance for host colonization.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. it relies on several virulence factors for host colonization, including glycosylated flagella. c. jejuni nctc 11168 modifies its flagellins with pseudaminic acid derivatives. it is also presumed to modify these proteins with legionaminic acid, although no glycopeptide evidence was available at the onset of this study. the enzyme encoded by cj1319 can be used to make legionaminic acid in vitro, but the pathway for legionamini ...201626582606
species shift and multidrug resistance of campylobacter from chicken and swine, china, 2008-14.the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens and swine during 2008-14.201626568567
large sequence diversity within the biosynthesis locus and common biochemical features of campylobacter coli lipooligosaccharides.despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (loss) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of los in campylobacter coli in this study, we investigated the distribution of los locus classes among a large collection of unrelated c. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. furthermore, we paired c. coli genomic information and los chemical composition for the first time to investigate possible associations between l ...201627481928
clinical relevance of infections with zoonotic and human oral species of campylobacter.genus campylobacter has been recognized as a causative bacterial agent of animal and human diseases. human campylobacter infections have caused more concern. campylobacters can be classified into two groups in terms of their original host: zoonotic and human oral species. the major zoonotic species are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, which mostly reside in the intestines of avian species and are transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated poultry products, thus causing hum ...201627350611
monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the food supply chain and its implications for fda policy initiatives.in response to concerning increases in antimicrobial resistance (amr), the food and drug administration (fda) has decided to increase veterinary oversight requirements for antimicrobials and restrict their use in growth promotion. given the high stakes of this policy for the food supply, economy, and human and veterinary health, it is important to rigorously assess the effects of this policy. we have undertaken a detailed analysis of data provided by the national antimicrobial resistance monitor ...201627324772
evaluation of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for detecting major bacterial enteric pathogens in fecal specimens: intestinal inflammation and bacterial load are correlated in campylobacter infections.a total of 1,056 native or cary-blair-preserved stool specimens were simultaneously tested by conventional stool culturing and by enteric bacterial panel (ebp) multiplex real-time pcr for campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, salmonella spp., and shigellosis disease-causing agents (shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli [eiec]). overall, 143 (13.5%) specimens tested positive by pcr for the targets named above; 3 coinfections and 109 (10.4%) campylobacter spp., 17 (1.6%) salmonella ...201627307458
quantifying potential sources of surface water contamination with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter is the most common causative agent of human bacterial gastroenteritis and is frequently found in surface water, where it indicates recent contamination with animal faeces, sewage effluent, and agricultural run-off. the contribution of different animal reservoirs to surface water contamination with campylobacter is largely unknown. in the netherlands, the massive poultry culling to control the 2003 avian influenza epidemic coincided with a 44-50% reduction in human campylobacteriosi ...201627244295
multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from poultry, cattle and humans in nigeria.to determine the genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from nigeria and to identify the association between multilocus sequence types and hosts (poultry, cattle and humans).201627206561
l-fucose influences chemotaxis and biofilm formation in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens once considered asaccharolytic, but are now known to encode pathways for glucose and fucose uptake/metabolism. for c. jejuni, strains with the fuc locus possess a competitive advantage in animal colonization models. we demonstrate that this locus is present in > 50% of genome-sequenced strains and is prevalent in livestock-associated isolates of both species. to better understand how these campylobacters sense nutrient availabili ...201627145048
antibiotic resistance and polymorphism in the quinolone resistance-determining region of campylobacter spp. isolated from 1-day-old ducklings.thirty-three isolates of campylobacter coli and three isolates of campylobacter jejuni were recovered from 150 1-day-old ducklings. all isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and amikacin, but resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (sxt) by the disc diffusion method. most isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and erythromycin, but resistant to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. of the 33 c. coli isolates, nine were positive for the tetracycline resistance gene tet(o), although only two of ...201627068149
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