Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| reducing the risk of pet-associated zoonotic infections. | 2015 | 25897046 | |
| growth-regulating mycobacterium tuberculosis vapc-mt4 toxin is an isoacceptor-specific trnase. | toxin-antitoxin (ta) systems are implicated in the downregulation of bacterial cell growth associated with stress survival and latent tuberculosis infection, yet the activities and intracellular targets of these ta toxins are largely uncharacterized. here, we use a specialized rna-seq approach to identify targets of a mycobacterium tuberculosis vapc ta toxin, vapc-mt4 (also known as vapc4), which have eluded detection using conventional approaches. distinct from the one other characterized vapc ... | 2015 | 26158745 |
| use of a new high resolution melting method for genotyping pathogenic leptospira spp. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis that is endemic in tropical areas, such as reunion island. the species leptospira interrogans is the primary agent in human infections, but other pathogenic species, such as l. kirschner and l. borgpetersenii, are also associated with human leptospirosis. | 2015 | 26154161 |
| comparison of bacterial burden and cytokine gene expression in golden hamsters in early phase of infection with two different strains of leptospira interrogans. | leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection with worldwide prevalence, is caused by pathogenic spirochaetes of leptospira spp., and exhibits an extremely broad clinical spectrum in human patients. although previous studies indicated that specific serovars or genotypes of leptospira spp. were associated with severe leptospirosis or its outbreak, the mechanism underlying the difference in virulence of the various leptospira serotypes or genotypes remains unclear. the present study addresses this question ... | 2015 | 26146835 |
| therapeutic developments targeting toll-like receptor-4-mediated neuroinflammation. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to play an important role in the immune system, which warrants study of their remarkable potential as pharmacological targets. activation of tlrs requires participation from specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and accessory proteins such as myeloid differentiation protein 2 (md2), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp), and cluster differentiation antigen 14 (cd14). assembly of the tlr4-md2-lps complex is essential in tlr4 activati ... | 2015 | 26136385 |
| therapeutic developments targeting toll-like receptor-4-mediated neuroinflammation. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been shown to play an important role in the immune system, which warrants study of their remarkable potential as pharmacological targets. activation of tlrs requires participation from specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and accessory proteins such as myeloid differentiation protein 2 (md2), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (lbp), and cluster differentiation antigen 14 (cd14). assembly of the tlr4-md2-lps complex is essential in tlr4 activati ... | 2015 | 26136385 |
| towards high-throughput immunomics for infectious diseases: use of next-generation peptide microarrays for rapid discovery and mapping of antigenic determinants. | complete characterization of antibody specificities associated to natural infections is expected to provide a rich source of serologic biomarkers with potential applications in molecular diagnosis, follow-up of chemotherapeutic treatments, and prioritization of targets for vaccine development. here, we developed a highly-multiplexed platform based on next-generation high-density peptide microarrays to map these specificities in chagas disease, an exemplar of a human infectious disease caused by ... | 2015 | 25922409 |
| complete genome sequence of leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava, strain pigk151. | leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava infection occurs in multiple domestic and wildlife species and is associated with poor reproductive performance in swine and horses. we present the complete genome assembly of strain pigk151 comprising two chromosomes, ci (4.457 mbp) and cii (358 kbp). | 2015 | 26112787 |
| acquired fanconi syndrome in a dog exposed to jerky treats in japan. | a 6-year-old spayed female jack russell terrier presented with a 1-month history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting and weight loss. the dog was fed beef and chicken jerky treats daily in addition to a commercial diet. laboratory tests revealed azotemia, hypokalemia, hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis and glucosuria with normoglycemia. urine amino acid analysis showed significant amino acid loss into the urine. thus, fanconi syndrome was diagnosed, and based on the case history and extensive diagno ... | 2015 | 26062568 |
| patterns in leptospira shedding in norway rats (rattus norvegicus) from brazilian slum communities at high risk of disease transmission. | we address some critical but unknown parameters of individuals and populations of norway rats (rattus norvegicus) that influence leptospiral infection, maintenance and spirochetal loads shed in urine, which contaminates the environment ultimately leading to human infection. | 2015 | 26047009 |
| synthesis, characterization and immunological properties of escherichia coli 0157:h7 lipopolysaccharide- diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine. | escherichia coli o157:h7, an emerging pathogen, causes severe enteritis and the extraintestinal complication of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the goal of this study was to evaluate the conjugate of e. coli o157: h7 lipopolysaccharide (lps) with diphtheria toxoid (dt) as a candidate vaccine in mice model. | 2015 | 26668702 |
| environmental factors influencing white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) exposure to livestock pathogens in wisconsin. | white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) are commonly exposed to disease agents that affect livestock but environmental factors that predispose deer to exposure are unknown for many pathogens. we trapped deer during winter months on two study areas (northern forest and eastern farmland) in wisconsin from 2010 to 2013. deer were tested for exposure to six serovars of leptospira interrogans (grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, bratislava, pomona, and hardjo), bovine viral diarrhea viru ... | 2015 | 26030150 |
| the characterization of feces and urine: a review of the literature to inform advanced treatment technology. | the safe disposal of human excreta is of paramount importance for the health and welfare of populations living in low income countries as well as the prevention of pollution to the surrounding environment. on-site sanitation (oss) systems are the most numerous means of treating excreta in low income countries, these facilities aim at treating human waste at source and can provide a hygienic and affordable method of waste disposal. however, current oss systems need improvement and require further ... | 2015 | 26246784 |
| immunogenicity of a novel enhanced consensus dna vaccine encoding the leptospiral protein lipl45. | leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease caused by an infection with a spirochete belonging to the genus leptospira. in animals, leptospirosis displays a wide range of pathologies, including fever, abortion, icterus, and uveitis. conversely, infection in humans is associated with multi-organ injury, resulting in an increased rate of fatalities. pathogenic leptospires are able to translocate through cell monolayers at a rate significantly greater than that of non-pathogenic leptospires. thus ... | 2015 | 26020621 |
| a 2-d guinea pig lung proteome map. | guinea pigs represent an important model for a number of infectious and non-infectious pulmonary diseases. the guinea pig genome has recently been sequenced to full coverage, opening up new research avenues using genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics techniques in this species. in order to further annotate the guinea pig genome and to facilitate future pulmonary proteomics in this species we constructed a 2-d guinea pig proteome map including 486 protein identifications and post translational ... | 2015 | 26217778 |
| structure and biophysical characterization of the s-adenosylmethionine-dependent o-methyltransferase pamth1, a putative enzyme accumulating during senescence of podospora anserina. | low levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) act as important signaling molecules, but in excess they can damage biomolecules. ros regulation is therefore of key importance. several polyphenols in general and flavonoids in particular have the potential to generate hydroxyl radicals, the most hazardous among all ros. however, the generation of a hydroxyl radical and subsequent ros formation can be prevented by methylation of the hydroxyl group of the flavonoids. o-methylation is performed by o-met ... | 2015 | 25979334 |
| cytochromes c in archaea: distribution, maturation, cell architecture, and the special case of ignicoccus hospitalis. | cytochromes c (cytc) are widespread electron transfer proteins and important enzymes in the global nitrogen and sulfur cycles. the distribution of cytc in more than 300 archaeal proteomes deduced from sequence was analyzed with computational methods including pattern and similarity searches, secondary and tertiary structure prediction. two hundred and fifty-eight predicted cytc (with single, double, or multiple heme c attachment sites) were found in some but not all species of the desulfurococca ... | 2015 | 26029183 |
| dot-elisa rapid test using recombinant 56-kda protein antigens for serodiagnosis of scrub typhus. | we developed a rapid dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) using the combination of recombinant 56-kda protein antigens that exhibited broad reactivity with serum antibodies against the four most prevalent strains (karp, kato, gilliam, and ta763) of orientia tsutsugamushi. the assay is rapid (30 minutes), and can be done at room temperature, and results can be read by the naked eye. only a simple shaker is required to wash the membrane. sera from 338 patients suspected of being ill w ... | 2015 | 25802430 |
| prevalence of endemic pig-associated zoonoses in southeast asia: a review of findings from the lao people's democratic republic. | the increasing intensification of pork production in southeast asia necessitates an urgent requirement to better understand the dual impact of pig-associated zoonotic disease on both pig production and human health in the region. sharing porous borders with five countries and representing many regional ethnicities and agricultural practices, the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) appears well placed to gauge the levels of pig-associated zoonoses circulating in the wider region. despite t ... | 2015 | 25802431 |
| structures of bacteroides fragilis uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (bflpxa). | uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) acyltransferase (lpxa) catalyzes a reversible reaction for adding an o-acyl group to the glcnac in udp-glcnac in the first step of lipid a biosynthesis. lipid a constitutes a major component of lipopolysaccharides, also referred to as endotoxins, which form the outer monolayer of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. ligand-free and udp-glcnac-bound crystal structures of lpxa from bacteroides fragilis nctc 9343, the most common path ... | 2015 | 25945572 |
| evaluation of cell binding activities of leptospira ecm adhesins. | pathogenic spirochetes of the genus leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a zoonotic infection that occurs globally. the bacteria colonize the renal proximal tubules of many animals and are shed in the urine. contact with the urine, or with water contaminated with the urine of infected animals can cause infection of new host animals, including humans. mechanisms of colonization of the proximal tubule and other tissues are not known, but specific interactions between bacterial adh ... | 2015 | 25875373 |
| predominant leptospiral serogroups circulating among humans, livestock and wildlife in katavi-rukwa ecosystem, tanzania. | leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease and a serious, under-reported public health problem, particularly in rural areas of tanzania. in the katavi-rukwa ecosystem, humans, livestock and wildlife live in close proximity, which exposes them to the risk of a number of zoonotic infectious diseases, including leptospirosis. | 2015 | 25806825 |
| bacterial transfer rnas. | transfer rna is an essential adapter molecule that is found across all three domains of life. the primary role of transfer rna resides in its critical involvement in the accurate translation of messenger rna codons during protein synthesis and, therefore, ultimately in the determination of cellular gene expression. this review aims to bring together the results of intensive investigations into the synthesis, maturation, modification, aminoacylation, editing and recycling of bacterial transfer rn ... | 2015 | 25796611 |
| proteomic analysis of urine exosomes reveals renal tubule response to leptospiral colonization in experimentally infected rats. | infectious leptospira colonize the kidneys of reservoir (e.g. rats) and accidental hosts such as humans. the renal response to persistent leptospiral colonization, as measured by urinary protein biosignatures, has not been systematically studied. urinary exosomes--bioactive membrane-bound nanovesicles--contain cell-state specific cargo that additively reflect formation all along the nephron. we hypothesized that leptospira-infection will alter the content of urine exosomes, and further, that the ... | 2015 | 25793258 |
| isolation of leptospira interrogans serovar hardjoprajitno from a calf with clinical leptospirosis in chile. | although leptospira isolation has been reported in chilean cattle, only serological evidence of serovar hardjo bovis infection has been routinely reported. the present report provides characterization of the pathological presentation and etiology of a clinical case of leptospirosis in a calf from the los rios region in chile. | 2015 | 25888965 |
| novel type ii and monomeric nad+ specific isocitrate dehydrogenases: phylogenetic affinity, enzymatic characterization, and evolutionary implication. | nad(+) use is an ancestral trait of isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh), and the nadp(+) phenotype arose through evolution as an ancient adaptation event. however, no nad(+)-specific idhs have been found among type ii idhs and monomeric idhs. in this study, novel type ii homodimeric nad-idhs from ostreococcus lucimarinus cce9901 idh (olidh) and micromonas sp. rcc299 (miidh), and novel monomeric nad-idhs from campylobacter sp. fobrc14 idh (caidh) and campylobacter curvus (ccidh) were reported for the ... | 2015 | 25775177 |
| making proteomics data accessible and reusable: current state of proteomics databases and repositories. | compared to other data-intensive disciplines such as genomics, public deposition and storage of ms-based proteomics, data are still less developed due to, among other reasons, the inherent complexity of the data and the variety of data types and experimental workflows. in order to address this need, several public repositories for ms proteomics experiments have been developed, each with different purposes in mind. the most established resources are the global proteome machine database (gpmdb), p ... | 2015 | 25158685 |
| novel adenovirus detected in captive bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) suffering from self-limiting gastroenteritis. | adenoviruses are common pathogens in vertebrates, including humans. in marine mammals, adenovirus has been associated with fatal hepatitis in sea lions. however, only in rare cases have adenoviruses been detected in cetaceans, where no clear correlation was found between presence of the virus and disease status. | 2015 | 25888777 |
| cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in lao people's democratic republic. | pig rearing is an important income source in the lao people's democratic republic (pdr), with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production systems. despite the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses, information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly lacking. this review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in southeast asia: ... | 2015 | 25973203 |
| isolation and molecular identification of mycoplasma equigenitalium from equine genital tracts in northern india. | although mycoplasma equigenitalium has been implicated in equine reproductive problems, its prevalence is largely unexplored due to the lack of specific diagnostic tests. to address this limitation, the authors developed and optimized species-specific primer pairs that target m. eguigenitalium rpob (rna polymerase b subunit) gene sequences. the specificity of the pcr assay developed in this study was determined using 12 field isolates including the type strain of m. equigenitalium and other myco ... | 2015 | 27175172 |
| new wildlife hosts of leptospira interrogans in campeche, mexico. | leptospira interrogans has been identified to cause leptospirosis, a widespread zoonotic disease that has been identified in domestic and wild animals. this work analyzed kidneys from two species of wild rodents from the state of campeche, mexico. analyses were made by pcr using specific primers for detection of leptospira interrogans dna. the rodent species that tested positive were heteromys gaumeri and ototylomys phyllotis, both of which are new hosts for the bacteria in southeastern mexico. ... | 2015 | 25923901 |
| aluminium in allergies and allergen immunotherapy. | aluminium is a hot topic in the current debate. exposure occurs due to environmental, dietary and intentional exposure to aluminium, such as in vaccines where it was introduced in 1926. in spite of the fact that it is a typical th2 adjuvant, aluminium redirects the immune response in systemic allergen immunotherapy (sit) upon prolonged immunization. sit in the us, and slit in general, are at present non-adjuvanted therapies, but in europe aluminium is used as adjuvant in most sit preparations. i ... | 2015 | 25780491 |
| analysis of paracoccidioides secreted proteins reveals fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase as a plasminogen-binding protein. | despite being important thermal dimorphic fungi causing paracoccidioidomycosis, the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie the genus paracoccidioides remain largely unknown. microbial pathogens express molecules that can interact with human plasminogen, a protein from blood plasma, which presents fibrinolytic activity when activated into plasmin. additionally, plasmin exhibits the ability of degrading extracellular matrix components, favoring the pathogen spread to deeper tissues. previous work fro ... | 2015 | 25888027 |
| neutrophils in host defense: new insights from zebrafish. | neutrophils are highly motile phagocytic cells that play a critical role in the immune response to infection. zebrafish (danio rerio) are increasingly used to study neutrophil function and host-pathogen interactions. the generation of transgenic zebrafish lines with fluorescently labeled leukocytes has made it possible to visualize the neutrophil response to infection in real time by use of optically transparent zebrafish larvae. in addition, the genetic tractability of zebrafish has allowed for ... | 2015 | 25717145 |
| seroprevalence of brucella abortus and leptospira hardjo in cattle. | the aim was to assess the seroprevalence of b. abortus and leptospira hardjo in the cattle population of bihar, this work was carried out. | 2015 | 27047076 |
| orientia, rickettsia, and leptospira pathogens as causes of cns infections in laos: a prospective study. | scrub typhus (caused by orientia tsutsugamushi), murine typhus (caused by rickettsia typhi), and leptospirosis are common causes of febrile illness in asia; meningitis and meningoencephalitis are severe complications. however, scarce data exist for the burden of these pathogens in patients with cns disease in endemic countries. laos is representative of vast economically poor rural areas in asia with little medical information to guide public health policy. we assessed whether these pathogens ar ... | 2015 | 25617190 |
| the use of halloysite clay and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes for recombinant lipl32 antigen delivery enhanced the igg response. | we studied the feasibility of using halloysite clay nanotubes (hnts) and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cooh-mwcnts) as antigen carriers to improve immune responses against a recombinant lipl32 protein (rlipl32). immunisation using the hnts or cooh-mwcnts significantly increased the rlipl32-specific igg antibody titres (p < 0.05) of golden syrian hamsters. none of the vaccines tested conferred protection against a challenge using a virulent leptospira interrogans strain. ... | 2015 | 25742273 |
| multiple circulating infections can mimic the early stages of viral hemorrhagic fevers and possible human exposure to filoviruses in sierra leone prior to the 2014 outbreak. | lassa fever (lf) is a severe viral hemorrhagic fever caused by lassa virus (lasv). the lf program at the kenema government hospital (kgh) in eastern sierra leone currently provides diagnostic services and clinical care for more than 500 suspected lf cases per year. nearly two-thirds of suspected lf patients presenting to the lf ward test negative for either lasv antigen or anti-lasv immunoglobulin m (igm), and therefore are considered to have a non-lassa febrile illness (nlfi). the nlfi patients ... | 2015 | 25531344 |
| interaction between leptospiral lipopolysaccharide and toll-like receptor 2 in pig fibroblast cell line, and inhibitory effect of antibody against leptospiral lipopolysaccharide on interaction. | leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (l-lps) has shown potency in activating toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) in pig fibroblasts (pefs_ncc1), and causes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. however, the stimulation by l-lps was weak eliciting the function of tlr2 sufficiently in pig innate immunity responses during leptospira infection. in this study, the immune response of pig embryonic fibroblast cell line (pefs_sv40) was investigated and was found to be the high immune response, thus tlr2 is the ... | 2015 | 25557825 |
| a new regulatory mechanism for bacterial lipoic acid synthesis. | lipoic acid, an essential enzyme cofactor, is required in three domains of life. in the past 60 years since its discovery, most of the pathway for lipoic acid synthesis and metabolism has been elucidated. however, genetic control of lipoic acid synthesis remains unclear. here, we report integrative evidence that bacterial camp-dependent signaling is linked to lipoic acid synthesis in shewanella species, the certain of unique marine-borne bacteria with special ability of metal reduction. physiolo ... | 2015 | 25611823 |
| detection of mycobacteria, mycobacterium avium subspecies, and mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by a novel tetraplex real-time pcr assay. | mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, mycobacterium avium, and many other nontuberculous mycobacteria are worldwide distributed microorganisms of major medical and veterinary importance. considering the growing epidemiologic significance of wildlife-livestock-human interrelation, developing rapid detection tools of high specificity and sensitivity is vital to assess their presence and accelerate the process of diagnosing mycobacteriosis. here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel t ... | 2015 | 25588660 |
| a novel octavalent combined erysipelas, parvo and leptospira vaccine provides (cross) protection against infection following challenge of pigs with 9 different leptospira interrogans serovars. | in the present study the efficacy and cross protection of a novel ready-to-use combination vaccine, porcilis® ery + parvo + lepto, against swine leptospirosis, was investigated. the octavalent vaccine contains inactivated antigens of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, parvovirus and 6 leptospira interrogans sensu lato strains of serogroups canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, australis (bratislava), pomona and tarassovi. in this study ninety pigs were vaccinated twice with porcilis® ery + pa ... | 2015 | 28405422 |
| erratum to: a novel octavalent combined erysipelas, parvo and leptospira vaccine provides (cross) protection against infection following challenge of pigs with 9 different leptospira interrogans serovars. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1186/s40813-015-0011-0.]. | 2015 | 28409569 |
| evolutionary meandering of intermolecular interactions along the drift barrier. | many cellular functions depend on highly specific intermolecular interactions, for example transcription factors and their dna binding sites, micrornas and their rna binding sites, the interfaces between heterodimeric protein molecules, the stems in rna molecules, and kinases and their response regulators in signal-transduction systems. despite the need for complementarity between interacting partners, such pairwise systems seem to be capable of high levels of evolutionary divergence, even when ... | 2014 | 25535374 |
| evolutionary meandering of intermolecular interactions along the drift barrier. | many cellular functions depend on highly specific intermolecular interactions, for example transcription factors and their dna binding sites, micrornas and their rna binding sites, the interfaces between heterodimeric protein molecules, the stems in rna molecules, and kinases and their response regulators in signal-transduction systems. despite the need for complementarity between interacting partners, such pairwise systems seem to be capable of high levels of evolutionary divergence, even when ... | 2014 | 25535374 |
| recombinant antigens rlipl21, rloa22, rlipl32 and rligacon4-8 for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in dogs. | animal leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the united states and around the world. in a previous study, we applied four recombinant antigens, rlipl21, rloa22, rlipl32 and rligacon4-8 of leptospira interrogans (l. interrogans) for the serological diagnosis of equine leptospirosis (ye et al, serodiagnosis of equine leptospirosis by elisa using four recombinant protein markers, clin. vaccine. immunol. 21:478-483). in this study, the same four recombinant antigens were evalu ... | 2014 | 25526513 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of bartonella bacilliformis in experimentally infected sand flies by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) of the pap31 gene. | carrion' disease, caused by bartonella bacilliformis, remains truly neglected due to its focal geographical nature. a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, including asymptomatic bacteremia, and lack of a sensitive diagnostic test can potentially lead to a spread of the disease into non-endemic regions where competent sand fly vectors may be present. a reliable test capable of detecting b. bacilliformis is urgently needed. our objective is to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification ... | 2014 | 25522230 |
| dimeric structure of the bacterial extracellular foldase prsa. | secretion of proteins into the membrane-cell wall space is essential for cell wall biosynthesis and pathogenicity in gram-positive bacteria. folding and maturation of many secreted proteins depend on a single extracellular foldase, the prsa protein. prsa is a 30-kda protein, lipid anchored to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. the crystal structure of bacillus subtilis prsa reveals a central catalytic parvulin-type prolyl isomerase domain, which is inserted into a larger composite nc domain ... | 2014 | 25525259 |
| dimeric structure of the bacterial extracellular foldase prsa. | secretion of proteins into the membrane-cell wall space is essential for cell wall biosynthesis and pathogenicity in gram-positive bacteria. folding and maturation of many secreted proteins depend on a single extracellular foldase, the prsa protein. prsa is a 30-kda protein, lipid anchored to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. the crystal structure of bacillus subtilis prsa reveals a central catalytic parvulin-type prolyl isomerase domain, which is inserted into a larger composite nc domain ... | 2014 | 25525259 |
| update on refseq microbial genomes resources. | ncbi refseq genome collection http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome represents all three major domains of life: eukarya, bacteria and archaea as well as viruses. prokaryotic genome sequences are the most rapidly growing part of the collection. during the year of 2014 more than 10,000 microbial genome assemblies have been publicly released bringing the total number of prokaryotic genomes close to 30,000. we continue to improve the quality and usability of the microbial genome resources by providing ... | 2014 | 25510495 |
| update on refseq microbial genomes resources. | ncbi refseq genome collection http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome represents all three major domains of life: eukarya, bacteria and archaea as well as viruses. prokaryotic genome sequences are the most rapidly growing part of the collection. during the year of 2014 more than 10,000 microbial genome assemblies have been publicly released bringing the total number of prokaryotic genomes close to 30,000. we continue to improve the quality and usability of the microbial genome resources by providing ... | 2014 | 25510495 |
| a facile and sensitive method for quantification of cyclic nucleotide monophosphates in mammalian organs: basal levels of eight cnmps and identification of 2',3'-cimp. | a sensitive, versatile and economical method to extract and quantify cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cnmps) using lc-ms/ms, including both 3',5'-cnmps and 2',3'-cnmps, in mammalian tissues and cellular systems has been developed. problems, such as matrix effects from complex biological samples, are addressed and have been optimized. this protocol allows for comparison of multiple cnmps in the same system and was used to examine the relationship between tissue levels of cnmps in a panel of rat ... | 2014 | 25513747 |
| how water molecules affect the catalytic activity of hydrolases--a xanes study of the local structures of peptide deformylase. | peptide deformylase (pdf) is a prokaryotic enzyme that catalyzes the deformylation of nascent peptides generated during protein synthesis and water molecules play a key role in these hydrolases. using x-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (xanes) and ab initio calculations we accurately probe the local atomic environment of the metal ion binding in the active site of pdf at different ph values and with different metal ions. this new approach is an effective way to monitor existing correlations ... | 2014 | 25503313 |
| live imaging of bioluminescent leptospira interrogans in mice reveals renal colonization as a stealth escape from the blood defenses and antibiotics. | leptospira (l.) interrogans are bacteria responsible for a worldwide reemerging zoonosis. some animals asymptomatically carry l. interrogans in their kidneys and excrete bacteria in their urine, which contaminates the environment. humans are infected through skin contact with leptospires and develop mild to severe leptospirosis. previous attempts to construct fluorescent or bioluminescent leptospires, which would permit in vivo visualization and investigation of host defense mechanisms during in ... | 2014 | 25474719 |
| identification of immunodominant antigens in canine leptospirosis by multi-antigen print immunoassay (mapia). | the microscopic agglutination test (mat), the standard method for serological diagnosis of leptospirosis, may present limitations regarding its sensitivity. current studies suggest that leptospira immunoglobulin-like (lig) proteins and lipl32 are of particular interest as serodiagnostic markers since they are present only in pathogenic species of the leptospira genus. the purpose of this study was to identify leptospiral immunodominant proteins that are recognized by canine sera from diseased do ... | 2014 | 25466383 |
| leptospira mayottensis sp. nov., a pathogenic species of the genus leptospira isolated from humans. | a group of strains representing species of the genus leptospira, isolated from patients with leptospirosis in mayotte (indian ocean), were previously found to be considerably divergent from other known species of the genus leptospira. this was inferred from sequence analysis of rrs (16s rrna) and other genetic loci and suggests that they belong to a novel species. two strains from each serogroup currently identified within this novel species were studied. spirochaete, aerobic, motile, helix-shap ... | 2014 | 25249563 |
| using a top predator as a sentinel for environmental contamination with pathogenic bacteria: the iberian wolf and leptospires. | the iberian wolf (canis lupus) is the top predator in the iberian environments in which it lives, feeding on a wide range of species, thus encountering a wide range of disease agents. therefore, the wolf can serve as sentinel of environmental contamination with pathogens. we investigated the exposure of free-living wolves to 14 serovars of leptospira interrogans sensu lato. kidney samples from 49 wolves collected from 2010-2013 in northwestern spain were analysed by culture, direct immunofluores ... | 2014 | 25494467 |
| maintenance of leptospira species in leptospira vanaporn wuthiekanun agar. | the maintenance of leptospira species in liquid or semisolid medium is time-consuming and at risk of contamination due to the needs of routine subculture and dark field microscopy. using leptospira vanaporn wuthiekanun (lvw) agar, we maintained 100 pathogenic leptospira isolates for 12 months without the need for subculture and confirmed the viability of all isolates by the naked eye. | 2014 | 25253789 |
| kinetics of leptospira interrogans infection in hamsters after intradermal and subcutaneous challenge. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by highly motile, helically shaped bacteria that penetrate the skin and mucous membranes through lesions or abrasions, and rapidly disseminate throughout the body. although the intraperitoneal route of infection is widely used to experimentally inoculate hamsters, this challenge route does not represent a natural route of infection. | 2014 | 25411782 |
| staphylococcus aureus manganese transport protein c (mntc) is an extracellular matrix- and plasminogen-binding protein. | infections caused by staphylococcus aureus--particularly nosocomial infections--represent a great concern. usually, the early stage of pathogenesis consists on asymptomatic nasopharynx colonization, which could result in dissemination to other mucosal niches or invasion of sterile sites, such as blood. this pathogenic route depends on scavenging of nutrients as well as binding to and disrupting extracellular matrix (ecm). manganese transport protein c (mntc), a conserved manganese-binding protei ... | 2014 | 25409527 |
| direct detection and differentiation of pathogenic leptospira species using a multi-gene targeted real time pcr approach. | leptospirosis is a growing public and veterinary health concern caused by pathogenic species of leptospira. rapid and reliable laboratory tests for the direct detection of leptospiral infections in animals are in high demand not only to improve diagnosis but also for understanding the epidemiology of the disease. in this work we describe a novel and simple taqman-based multi-gene targeted real-time pcr approach able to detect and differentiate leptospira interrogans, l. kirschneri, l. borgpetere ... | 2014 | 25398140 |
| association between footwear use and neglected tropical diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the control of neglected tropical diseases (ntds) has primarily focused on preventive chemotherapy and case management. less attention has been placed on the role of ensuring access to adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene and personal preventive measures in reducing exposure to infection. our aim was to assess whether footwear use was associated with a lower risk of selected ntds. | 2014 | 25393620 |
| viability of leptospira isolates from a human outbreak in thailand in various water types, ph, and temperature conditions. | leptospira spp. isolated from patients during a multiyear outbreak in thailand were genotyped using multilocus sequence typing and a majority were identified as st34, especially in earlier years. we tested whether st34 isolates were better adapted to survive in various ph levels, temperatures, and water sources. motility and growth were monitored over a 12-week period. early year st34 isolates did not appear to have a significant fitness advantage over non-st34, however, this may have been becau ... | 2014 | 25200260 |
| serological and molecular survey of leptospira spp. among cart horses from an endemic area of human leptospirosis in curitiba, southern brazil. | cart horses are a re-emerging population employed to carry recyclable material in cities. | 2014 | 25351539 |
| leptospirosis: the microscopic danger in paradise. | leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection endemic in hawai'i. this review discusses the incidence of documented human cases in hawai'i and current recommendations for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of leptospirosis. | 2014 | 25478298 |
| proteomic features predict seroreactivity against leptospiral antigens in leptospirosis patients. | with increasing efficiency, accuracy, and speed we can access complete genome sequences from thousands of infectious microorganisms; however, the ability to predict antigenic targets of the immune system based on amino acid sequence alone is still needed. here we use a leptospira interrogans microarray expressing 91% (3359) of all leptospiral predicted orfs (3667) and make an empirical accounting of all antibody reactive antigens recognized in sera from naturally infected humans; 191 antigens el ... | 2014 | 25358092 |
| proteomic features predict seroreactivity against leptospiral antigens in leptospirosis patients. | with increasing efficiency, accuracy, and speed we can access complete genome sequences from thousands of infectious microorganisms; however, the ability to predict antigenic targets of the immune system based on amino acid sequence alone is still needed. here we use a leptospira interrogans microarray expressing 91% (3359) of all leptospiral predicted orfs (3667) and make an empirical accounting of all antibody reactive antigens recognized in sera from naturally infected humans; 191 antigens el ... | 2014 | 25358092 |
| detection of zoonotic pathogens and characterization of novel viruses carried by commensal rattus norvegicus in new york city. | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) are globally distributed and concentrate in urban environments, where they live and feed in closer proximity to human populations than most other mammals. despite the potential role of rats as reservoirs of zoonotic diseases, the microbial diversity present in urban rat populations remains unexplored. in this study, we used targeted molecular assays to detect known bacterial, viral, and protozoan human pathogens and unbiased high-throughput sequencing to identify ... | 2014 | 25316698 |
| cross-protection between experimental anti-leptospirosis bacterins. | we investigated the existence of cross-protection between two anti-leptospirosis monovalent experimental bacterins produced with two strains of leptospira serogroup pomona: fromm strain of serovar kennewicky, isolated from pigs in the united states, and strain gr6 of serovar pomona isolated from pigs in brazil. both were added of aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant. experimental bacterins were tested with the hamster potency test in order to assess protection provided against the disease and again ... | 2014 | 25477946 |
| leptospirosis from water sources. | leptospirosis outbreaks have been associated with many common water events including water consumption, water sports, environmental disasters, and occupational exposure. the ability of leptospires to survive in moist environments makes them a high-risk agent for infection following contact with any contaminated water source. water treatment processes reduce the likelihood of leptospirosis or other microbial agents causing infection provided that they do not malfunction and the distribution netwo ... | 2014 | 25348115 |
| distribution of leptospira serogroups in cattle herds and dogs in france. | a retrospective study was conducted to identify and describe the distribution pattern of leptospira serogroups in domestic animals in france. the population consisted of cattle herds and dogs with clinically suspected leptospirosis that were tested at the "laboratoire des leptospires" between 2008 and 2011. the laboratory database was queried for records of cattle and dogs in which seroreactivity in leptospira microagglutination tests was consistent with a recent or current infection, excluding ... | 2014 | 25092816 |
| l,l-diaminopimelate aminotransferase (dapl): a putative target for the development of narrow-spectrum antibacterial compounds. | despite the urgent need for sustained development of novel antibacterial compounds to combat the drastic rise in antibiotic resistant and emerging bacterial infections, only a few clinically relevant antibacterial drugs have been recently developed. one of the bottlenecks impeding the development of novel antibacterial compounds is the identification of new enzymatic targets. the nutritionally essential amino acid anabolic pathways, for example lysine biosynthesis, provide an opportunity to expl ... | 2014 | 25309529 |
| structure of homoserine o-acetyltransferase from staphylococcus aureus: the first gram-positive ortholog structure. | homoserine o-acetyltransferase (hta) catalyzes the formation of l-o-acetyl-homoserine from l-homoserine through the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coa. this is the first committed step required for the biosynthesis of methionine in many fungi, gram-positive bacteria and some gram-negative bacteria. the structure of hta from staphylococcus aureus (sahta) has been determined to a resolution of 2.45 å. the structure belongs to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily, consisting of two distinct domai ... | 2014 | 25286936 |
| how to find rna thermometers. | temperature is one of the decisive signals that a mammalian pathogen has entered its warm-blooded host. among the many ways to register temperature changes, bacteria often use temperature-modulated structures in the untranslated region of mrnas. in this article, we describe how such rna thermometers (rnats) have been discovered one by one upstream of heat shock and virulence genes in the past, and how next-generation sequencing approaches are able to reveal novel temperature-responsive rna struc ... | 2014 | 25279353 |
| severe leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae infection with hepato-renal-pulmonary involvement treated with corticosteroids. | the traditional concept of immediate antibiotic treatment in suspected leptospirosis seems to be especially important for patients up to day 4 of clinical illness. as immune mechanisms probably play a crucial role in advanced leptospirosis with presumed pulmonary hemorrhages, patients might benefit from corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents beside antibiotics. | 2014 | 25614810 |
| sage: string-overlap assembly of genomes. | de novo genome assembly of next-generation sequencing data is one of the most important current problems in bioinformatics, essential in many biological applications. in spite of significant amount of work in this area, better solutions are still very much needed. | 2014 | 25225118 |
| apoptosis in hep-2 cells infected with ureaplasma diversum. | bacterial pathogens have many strategies for infecting and persisting in host cells. adhesion, invasion and intracellular life are important features in the biology of mollicutes. the intracellular location of ureaplasma diversum may trigger disturbances in the host cell. this includes activation or inhibition of pro and anti-apoptotic factors, which facilitate the development of host damage. the aim of the present study was to associate u. diversum infection in hep-2 cells and apoptosis inducti ... | 2014 | 25299837 |
| molecular detection of leptospira spp. in the urine of cattle in northern iran. | leptospirosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution, caused by leptospira interrogans and is considered as an emerging global public health problem. transmission usually results from direct or indirect exposure to the urine or other body fluids of leptospiruric animals which may become a source of infection for human or other animals. having a humid climate with plenty of annual rainfall, guilan province is a suitable environment for maintaining leptospira spp. hence, early detection of leptos ... | 2014 | 27175139 |
| mammalian gut immunity. | the mammalian intestinal tract is the largest immune organ in the body and comprises cells from non-hemopoietic (epithelia, paneth cells, goblet cells) and hemopoietic (macrophages, dendritic cells, t-cells) origin, and is also a dwelling for trillions of microbes collectively known as the microbiota. the homeostasis of this large microbial biomass is prerequisite to maintain host health by maximizing beneficial symbiotic relationships and minimizing the risks of living in such close proximity. ... | 2014 | 25163502 |
| rat sightings in new york city are associated with neighborhood sociodemographics, housing characteristics, and proximity to open public space. | rats are ubiquitous in urban environments and, as established reservoirs for infectious pathogens, present a control priority for public health agencies. new york city (nyc) harbors one of the largest rat populations in the united states, but surprising little study has been undertaken to define rat ecology across varied features of this urban landscape. more importantly, factors that may contribute to increased encounters between rats and humans have rarely been explored. using city-wide record ... | 2014 | 25237595 |
| isolation and characterization of two novel plasmids from pathogenic leptospira interrogans serogroup canicola serovar canicola strain gui44. | previous genomic analysis of pathogenic leptospira has identified two circular chromosomes but no plasmid. this study aims to investigate potential extrachromosomal elements of l.interrogans serovar canicola strain gui44. | 2014 | 25144555 |
| human leptospirosis trends: northeast thailand, 2001-2012. | the objective of this study was to determine the changing trend of leptospirosis over time in thailand using two prospective hospital-based studies conducted amongst adult patients with acute undifferentiated fever (aufi) admitted to maharat nakhon ratchasima hospital, nakhon ratchasima province, thailand between july 2001 to december 2002 and between july 2011 to december 2012. during the first period, leptospirosis (98 patients, 40%) and scrub typhus (59 patients, 24.1%) were the two major cau ... | 2014 | 25141000 |
| role of toll-like receptors in helicobacter pylori infection and immunity. | the gram-negative bacterium helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infects the stomachs of approximately half of the world's population. although infection induces an immune response that contributes to chronic gastric inflammation, the response is not sufficient to eliminate the bacterium. h. pylori infection causes peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. disease outcome is linked to the severity of the host inflammatory response. gastric epithelial cells represen ... | 2014 | 25133016 |
| murine lung injury caused by leptospira interrogans glycolipoprotein, a specific na/k-atpase inhibitor. | leptospiral glycolipoprotein (glp) is a potent and specific na/k-atpase inhibitor. severe pulmonary form of leptospirosis is characterized by edema, inflammation and intra-alveolar hemorrhage having a dismal prognosis. resolution of edema and inflammation determines the outcome of lung injury. na/k-atpase activity is responsible for edema clearance. this enzyme works as a cell receptor that triggers activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) intracellular signaling pathway. therefore, ... | 2014 | 25265888 |
| toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human b cell malignancies. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are important players in b-cell activation, maturation and memory and may be involved in the pathogenesis of b-cell lymphomas. accumulating studies show differential expression in this heterogeneous group of cancers. stimulation with tlr specific ligands, or agonists of their ligands, leads to aberrant responses in the malignant b-cells. according to current data, tlrs can be implicated in malignant transformation, tumor progression and immune evasion processes. most o ... | 2014 | 25112836 |
| molecular detection of leptospiral dna in environmental water on st. kitts. | leptospirosis is an important waterborne zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic leptospira. the pathogen is maintained in a population due to chronic colonization and shedding from renal tubules of domestic and wild animals. humans and other animals become infected when they come in contact with urine from infected animals, either directly or through urine-contaminated surface water. in this study, we screened environmental water on the island of st. kitts by using a taqman based real time quanti ... | 2014 | 25105546 |
| sensitivity of real-time pcr performed on dried sera spotted on filter paper for diagnosis of leptospirosis. | in remote countries, leptospirosis confirmation is difficult because it requires the shipment of frozen samples to reference laboratories. the sensitivity of leptospirosis real-time pcr performed on filter paper-dried serum samples stored at ambient temperature was evaluated at 2 × 10(2) equivalent leptospires/ml (eqleptospires/ml). this easy alternative procedure can be used to enhance the surveillance of leptospirosis. | 2014 | 24899024 |
| recognition of lps by tlr4: potential for anti-inflammatory therapies. | lps molecules of marine bacteria show structures distinct from terrestrial bacteria, due to the different environment that marine bacteria live in. because of these different structures, lipid a molecules from marine bacteria are most often poor stimulators of the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) pathway. due to their low stimulatory potential, these lipid a molecules are suggested to be applicable as antagonists of tlr4 signaling in sepsis patients, where this immune response is amplified and unregu ... | 2014 | 25056632 |
| vapc from the leptospiral vapbc toxin-antitoxin module displays ribonuclease activity on the initiator trna. | the prokaryotic ubiquitous toxin-antitoxin (ta) operons encode a stable toxin and an unstable antitoxin. the most accepted hypothesis of the physiological function of the ta system is the reversible cessation of cellular growth under stress conditions. the major ta family, vapbc is present in the spirochaete leptospira interrogans. vapbc modules are classified based on the presence of a predicted ribonucleasic pin domain in the vapc toxin. the expression of the leptospiral vapc in e. coli promot ... | 2014 | 25047537 |
| decay-accelerating factor 1 deficiency exacerbates leptospiral-induced murine chronic nephritis and renal fibrosis. | leptospirosis is a global zoonosis caused by pathogenic leptospira, which can colonize the proximal renal tubules and persist for long periods in the kidneys of infected hosts. here, we characterized the infection of c57bl/6j wild-type and daf1-/- mice, which have an enhanced host response, with a virulent leptospira interrogans strain at 14 days post-infection, its persistence in the kidney, and its link to kidney fibrosis at 90 days post-infection. we found that leptospira interrogans can indu ... | 2014 | 25032961 |
| increasing incidence of canine leptospirosis in switzerland. | a marked increase in canine leptospirosis was observed in switzerland over 10 years with a peak incidence of 28.1 diagnosed cases/100,000 dogs/year in the most affected canton. with 95% affected dogs living at altitudes <800 m, the disease presented a seasonal pattern associated with temperature (r2 0.73) and rainfall (r2 0.39), >90% cases being diagnosed between may and october. the increasing yearly incidence however was only weakly correlated with climatic data including number of summer (r2 ... | 2014 | 25032740 |
| a questionnaire-based survey on the uptake and use of cattle vaccines in the uk. | vaccination is a widely used strategy for disease control in cattle in the uk and abroad. however, there has been limited research describing the uptake and use of cattle vaccines on uk farms. | 2014 | 26392877 |
| an ortholog of the leptospira interrogans lipoprotein lipl32 aids in the colonization of pseudoalteromonas tunicata to host surfaces. | the bacterium pseudoalteromonas tunicata is a common surface colonizer of marine eukaryotes, including the macroalga ulva australis.genomic analysis of p. tunicata identified genes potentially involved in surface colonization, including genes with homology to bacterial virulence factors that mediate attachment. of particular interest is the presence of a gene, designated ptll32, encoding an ortholog to the leptospira lipoprotein lipl32, which has been shown to facilitate the interaction of lepto ... | 2014 | 25071736 |
| strengthening public health laboratory capacity in thailand for international health regulations (ihr) (2005). | thailand conducted a national laboratory assessment of core capacities related to the international health regulations (ihr) (2005), and thereby established a baseline to measure future progress. the assessment was limited to public laboratories found within the thai bureau of quality and safety of food, national institute of health and regional medical science centres. | 2014 | 26693144 |
| comparing the different morphotypes of a fish pathogen--implications for key virulence factors in flavobacterium columnare. | flavobacterium columnare (bacteroidetes) is the causative agent of columnaris disease in farmed freshwater fish around the world. the bacterium forms three colony morphotypes (rhizoid, rough and soft), but the differences of the morphotypes are poorly known. we studied the virulence of the morphotypes produced by f. columnare strain b067 in rainbow trout (onconrhynchus mykiss) and used high-resolution scanning electron microscopy to identify the fine structures of the cells grown in liquid and o ... | 2014 | 24964840 |
| leptospirosis in vellore: a clinical and serological study. | leptospirosis is a severe spirochetal zoonosis in the world. it is considered an occupational disease of persons engaged in agriculture, sewage works, forestry, and animal slaughtering. a study was conducted with an objective of assessing the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in and around vellore district, tamil nadu. the study was based on the signs and symptoms of the patients reporting fever in vellore municipal clinic (urban malarial scheme). blood samples were collected from 129 patients. an ... | 2014 | 25050124 |
| 'black sheep' that don't leave the double-stranded rna-binding domain fold. | the canonical double-stranded rna (dsrna)-binding domain (dsrbd) is composed of an α1-β1-β2-β3-α2 secondary structure that folds in three dimensions to recognize dsrna. recently, structural and functional studies of divergent dsrbds revealed adaptations that include intra- and/or intermolecular protein interactions, sometimes in the absence of detectable dsrna-binding ability. we describe here how discrete dsrbd components can accommodate pronounced amino-acid sequence changes while maintaining ... | 2014 | 24954387 |
| using peptideatlas, srmatlas, and passel: comprehensive resources for discovery and targeted proteomics. | peptideatlas, srmatlas, and passel are web-accessible resources to support discovery and targeted proteomics research. peptideatlas is a multi-species compendium of shotgun proteomic data provided by the scientific community; srmatlas is a resource of high-quality, complete proteome srm assays generated in a consistent manner for the targeted identification and quantification of proteins; and passel is a repository that compiles and represents selected reaction monitoring data, all in an easy-to ... | 2014 | 24939129 |
| approach to clinical syndrome of jaundice and encephalopathy in tropics. | a large number of patients present with jaundice and encephalopathy in tropical country like india and acute liver failure is the usual cause. clinical presentation like alf is also a complication of many tropical infections, and these conditions may mimic alf but may have subtle differences from alf. moreover, what hepatologists see as acute liver failure in tropics is different from what is commonly described in western textbooks. paracetamol overdose, which is possibly the commonest cause of ... | 2014 | 26041951 |
| approach to clinical syndrome of jaundice and encephalopathy in tropics. | a large number of patients present with jaundice and encephalopathy in tropical country like india and acute liver failure is the usual cause. clinical presentation like alf is also a complication of many tropical infections, and these conditions may mimic alf but may have subtle differences from alf. moreover, what hepatologists see as acute liver failure in tropics is different from what is commonly described in western textbooks. paracetamol overdose, which is possibly the commonest cause of ... | 2014 | 26041951 |