Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a comparative study of assay performance of commercial hepatitis e virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits in australian blood donor samples. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transfusion-transmissible and therefore poses a risk to blood transfusion safety. seroprevalence studies are useful for estimating disease burden and determining risk factors. considerable variability in the sensitivity of hev antibody detection assays exists. this study aimed to compare the performances of commercially available hev enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) in australian blood donor samples. plasma samples that tested positive (n = 194) or negative ( ... | 2016 | 27891290 |
| a novel avian-like hepatitis e virus in wild aquatic bird, little egret (egretta garzetta), in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum, animal to animal transmissions, the natural chain of hepevirus infections and the genetic diversity of hev in wildlife especially in birds are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a genetically divergent avian hev was serendipitously identified in wild bird in hungary. hev rna was detected with high faecal viral ... | 2016 | 27876615 |
| seroprevalence of avian hepatitis e virus and avian leucosis virus subgroup j in chicken flocks with hepatitis syndrome, china. | from 2014 to 2015 in china, many broiler breeder and layer hen flocks exhibited a decrease in egg production and some chickens developed hepatitis syndrome including hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and avian leucosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) both cause decreasing in egg production, hepatomegaly and hepatic hemorrhage in broiler breeder and layer hens. in the study, the seroprevalence of avian hev and alv-j in these flocks emerging the disease from sha ... | 2016 | 27876045 |
| new hepatitis e virus genotype in bactrian camels, xinjiang, china, 2013. | 2016 | 27869607 | |
| acute hepatitis e virus infection in patients with acute liver failure in china: not quite an uncommon cause. | 2016 | 27862123 | |
| neuralgic amyotrophy associated with hepatitis e virus infection: first case in the united states. | hepatitis e is an emerging viral infection in developed countries. it can present with multiple extra-hepatic manifestations, including neuralgic amyotrophy. we report a 52-year-old man who presented with neck and shoulder pain followed by orthopnea and left arm weakness. electrodiagnostic testing showed left phrenic neuropathy and denervation in bilateral c5 and c6 myotomes. he also had elevated liver enzymes, which led to the diagnosis of acute hepatitis e. this is the first case of neuralgic ... | 2016 | 27861224 |
| hepatitis e virus (genotype 3) in slurry samples from swine farming activities in italy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emergent causative agent of acute hepatitis, transmitted by fecal-oral route. infection with hev is a global cause for morbidity and mortality throughout the world: it mainly causes large outbreaks in endemic areas and sporadic autochthonous cases in industrialized countries where hev infections seem to be an emergent zoonotic disease. infection of porcine livestock and its relationship with the human cases have been demonstrated. the present study describes an inve ... | 2016 | 27853931 |
| hepatitis e virus: emerging from the shadows in developed countries. | following the discovery of hev in the 1980s, it became apparent that hev is endemic in a number of developing countries in asia, africa and mexico. in these geographical settings hev is spread oral faecally by hev genotypes (gt) 1 and 2, which are obligate human pathogens. infection occurs oro-faecally, often as a result in the breakdown of fragile sanitary infrastructure allowing drinking water supplies to become contaminated with human sewage. hepatitis e usually causes a self-limiting hepatit ... | 2016 | 27843081 |
| persistence of antibodies acquired by natural hepatitis e virus infection and effects of vaccination. | naturally acquired anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunity can protect against new hev infections. the aim of this study was to analyse the persistence of naturally acquired anti-hev immunoglobulin (ig) g and anti-hev igg concentrations after vaccination. | 2016 | 27836809 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and cirrhosis of the liver. | 2016 | 27917096 | |
| hepatitis e virus: infection beyond the liver? | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are not limited to the liver but may also affect other organs. several diseases, including guillain-barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, glomerulonephritis, cryoglobulinemia, pancreatitis, lymphoma, thrombopenia, meningitis, thyroiditis and myocarditis have been observed in the context of hepatitis e. to date, the definite pathophysiological links between hev and extrahepatic manifestations are not yet established. however, it is suggested that hev infection m ... | 2016 | 27913223 |
| retrospective study evaluating seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in blood donors and in swine veterinarians in italy (2004). | hepatitis e is an emerging viral disease in developed countries, with sporadic cases occasionally linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, wild boar or deer meat. cases due to transfusion or transplantation have also been reported. in developed countries, hepatitis e is considered a zoonosis and pig is the main reservoir. in the last few years, several studies conducted in europe reported variable seroprevalence rates among the general population, ranging between 0.26% and 52.5%. a ... | 2016 | 27911040 |
| hepatitis e virus: western cape, south africa. | to conduct a prospective assessment of anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in the western cape province of south africa in conjunction with evaluating risk factors for exposure. | 2016 | 27956810 |
| variability in the performance characteristics of igg anti-hev assays and its impact on reliability of seroprevalence rates of hepatitis e. | hepatitis e is a major public health problem in developing countries and is increasingly being recognized as a cause of substantial sporadic viral hepatitis infections in industrialized countries. variable rates of hepatitis e seroprevalence have been reported from the same geographic regions depending on the assay used. in this study, we evaluated the performance characteristics of four assays which included two commercial assays, wantai hev-igg elisa kit (wantai, china), and ds-eia-anti-hev-g ... | 2016 | 27922197 |
| full-length genomic sequence analysis of new subtype 3k hepatitis e virus isolates with 99.97% nucleotide identity obtained from two consecutive acute hepatitis patients in a city in northeast japan. | full-length genomic sequences of hepatitis e virus (hev) obtained from two consecutive cases of acute self-limiting hepatitis e in a city in northeast japan were determined. interestingly, two hev isolates from each patient shared nucleotide identity of 99.97% in 7 225 nucleotides, and a phylogenetic analysis showed that they formed a cluster of japanese isolates that is considered as a new hev subtype 3k. the high similarity of hev sequences of two isolates from these patients in this study sug ... | 2016 | 27922191 |
| a novel avian-like hepatitis e virus in wild aquatic bird, little egret (egretta garzetta), in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum, animal to animal transmissions, the natural chain of hepevirus infections and the genetic diversity of hev in wildlife especially in birds are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a genetically divergent avian hev was serendipitously identified in wild bird in hungary. hev rna was detected with high faecal viral ... | 2016 | 27989815 |
| acute hepatitis e presenting with clinical feature of autoimmune hepatitis. | a 32-year-old immigrant man presented with new onset jaundice. his past medical history was significant for type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. his initial laboratory finding and liver biopsy were suggestive of autoimmune hepatitis (aih). the plan was to start steroids pending negative results for viral serology, but it came back positive for hepatitis e virus. the patient's liver function test and clinical condition improved significantly on conservative management over ... | 2016 | 27987286 |
| specific memory b cell response and participation of cd4(+) central and effector memory t cells in mice immunized with liposome encapsulated recombinant ne protein based hepatitis e vaccine candidate. | liposome encapsulated neutralizing epitope protein of hepatitis e virus (hev), rnep, our hepatitis e vaccine candidate, was shown to be immunogenic and safe in pregnant and non-pregnant mice and yielded sterilizing immunity in rhesus monkeys. | 2016 | 27997340 |
| knowledge is safety: the time is ripe for hepatitis e virus blood donor screening. | 2016 | 27994530 | |
| hepatitis e virus and the safety of plasma products: investigations into the reduction capacity of manufacturing processes. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has been transmitted by transfusion of labile blood products and the occasional detection of hev rna in plasma pools indicates that hev viremic donations might enter the manufacturing process of plasma products. to verify the safety margins of plasma products with respect to hev, virus reduction steps commonly used in their manufacturing processes were investigated for their effectiveness to reduce hev. | 2016 | 26399175 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in portuguese children. | hepatitis e virus (hev) has become a growing public health concern in industrialized countries. most of the hev seroprevalence studies have focused on adult populations and reports regarding hev seroepidemiology among children are scarce in these countries. the aims of the present work were to perform a nationwide seroprevalence study on hev infection in portuguese children and to compare the hev seropositivity in this 2015 children cohort with results in sera performed 20 years earlier. | 2016 | 28033239 |
| structure determination of a human virus by the combination of cryo-em and x-ray crystallography. | virus 3d atomic structures provide insight into our understanding of viral life cycles and the development of antiviral drugs. x-ray crystallography and cryo-em have been used to determine the atomic structure of viruses. however, limited availability of biological samples, biosafety issues due to virus infection, and sometimes inherent characteristics of viruses, pose difficulties on combining both methods in determining viral structures. these have made solving the high resolution structure of ... | 2016 | 28018964 |
| development of a vivo rabbit ligated intestinal loop model for hcmv infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections can be found throughout the body, especially in epithelial tissue. animal model was established by inoculation of hcmv (strain ad-169) or coinoculation with hepatitis e virus (hev) into the ligated sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix in living rabbits. the specimens were collected from animals sacrificed 1 and a half hours after infection. | 2016 | 27999668 |
| hepatitis e virus in industrialized countries: the silent threat. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. its presence in developing countries has been documented for decades. developed countries were supposed to be virus-free and initially only imported cases were detected in those areas. however, sporadic and autochthonous cases of hev infection have been identified and studies reveal that the virus is worldwide spread. chronic hepatitis and multiple extrahepatic manifestations have also been associated with hev. we revi ... | 2016 | 28070522 |
| massive hemolysis causing renal failure in acute hepatitis e infection. | acute viral hepatitis is usually a self-limiting illness. however, it can lead to complications that can be life-threatening, such as acute liver failure. glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency in the setting of acute viral hepatitis can lead to a massive hemolysis, manifesting as acute kidney injury and markedly raised bilirubin levels; although cases are rare. here, we report such a case. the patient had a viral hepatitis e infection and presented with kidney injury requiring dial ... | 2016 | 28097104 |
| hemoglobin during ribavirin-based hcv therapy is closely related to circulating levels of dhea. | ribavirin-induced anemia is the major side effect observed during hcv therapy. in an in vitro study, we recently discovered that dhea can strongly inhibit this adverse event. we also evaluated a possible link between pre-treatment serum dhea and hemoglobin during hcv therapy. among the 108 patients of our cohort serum baseline dhea levels were associated with hemoglobin levels at week 12 of treatment (r = 0.35; p = 0.0021). patients with low baseline serum dhea developed severe anemia. a serum l ... | 2016 | 27805268 |
| performance of an antigen assay for diagnosing acute hepatitis e virus genotype 3 infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of hepatitis worldwide. its diagnosis is based on the detection of anti-hev igm and/or hev-rna. | 2016 | 27038538 |
| hepatitis e virus does not contribute to hepatic decompensation among patients with advanced chronic hepatitis c. | hepatitis e (hev) can cause acute-on-chronic liver failure in persons with pre-existing liver disease. we investigated whether hev infection contributes to hepatic decompensation in patients with previously stable, advanced chronic hepatitis c. | 2016 | 26820399 |
| antiviral activities of different interferon types and subtypes against hepatitis e virus replication. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans and a member of the genusorthohepevirusin the familyhepeviridae hev infections are the common cause of acute hepatitis but can also take chronic courses. ribavirin is the treatment of choice for most patients, and type i interferon (ifn) has been evaluated in a few infected transplant patientsin vivo in this study, the antiviral effects of different exogenously administered interferons were investigated by using state-of-the ... | 2016 | 26787701 |
| disparity of basal and therapeutically activated interferon signalling in constraining hepatitis e virus infection. | hepatitis e virus (hev) represents one of the foremost causes of acute hepatitis globally. although there is no proven medication for hepatitis e, pegylated interferon-α (ifn-α) has been used as off-label drug for treating hev. however, the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of how ifn signalling interacts with hev remain undefined. as ifn-α has been approved for treating chronic hepatitis c (hcv) for decades and the role of interferon signalling has been well studied in hcv infection, this study ... | 2016 | 26620360 |
| clinical analysis of patients suffering from chronic hepatitis b superinfected with other hepadnaviruses. | to compare the clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and prognoses of patients with chronic hepatitis b (chb) who were superinfected with hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), or hepatitis e virus (hev). two hundred and eleven patients with confirmed chb in our hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital in china, between 2005 and 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. among 211 patients with chb, 35 were superinfected with hav, 31 were superinfected with ... | 2016 | 26509653 |
| murine norovirus (mnv-1) exposure in vitro to the purine nucleoside analog ribavirin increases quasispecies diversity. | ribavirin is a pharmaceutical antiviral used for the treatment of rna virus infections including norovirus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus, lassa virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. despite the drug's history and documented efficacy, the antiviral mechanism of ribavirin remains unclear. mechanisms proposed include depletion of the intracellular gtp pool, immunomodulatory effects, induction of error catastrophe, inhibition of viral polymerase activity, and/or inhibition of v ... | 2016 | 26494169 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in ireland. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a single stranded rna virus causing infection worldwide. in developing countries hev genotypes 1 and 2 spread faeco-orally via water. recently, infections with hev have been detected in europe and north america in patients with no travel history. these are food-borne hev genotypes 3 and 4, a pig-associated zoonosis. most infections are asymptomatic but morbidity and chronic infection may occur with prior liver disease or immunosuppression. international seroprevalence ... | 2016 | 28124851 |
| prevalence of hepatitis viruses in patients with acute hepatitis and characterization of the detected genotype 4 hepatitis e virus sequences in mongolia. | hepatitis e is considered to be a worldwide public health problem. although the prevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibodies in healthy individuals is noted to be 11%, no patients with acute hepatitis e have previously been identified in mongolia. three hundred two consecutive patients (183 males and 119 females; median age of 22.0 [interquartile range: 18.3-25.0] years) who were clinically diagnosed with sporadic acute hepatitis during 2012-2013 in ulaanbaatar, mongolia, were studied. by se ... | 2016 | 26147664 |
| acute viral hepatitis in pediatric age groups. | our clinical experience showed that there has been no decrease in pediatric cases of acute viral hepatitis in kathmandu. the objective of the study was to analyze the etiology, clinical features, laboratory parameters, sonological findings and other to determine the probable prognostic factors of acute viral hepatitis in pediatric population. | 2016 | 26905549 |
| which is safer source plasma for manufacturing in china: apheresis plasma or recovered plasma? | in most countries, the plasma for derivative production includes two types of plasma, apheresis plasma (ap) and recovered plasma (rp). however, the plasma recovered from whole blood is not permitted for manufacture in china. because of the lack of source plasma and the surplus of rp, the chinese government is considering allowing rp as an equivalent source for the production of plasma derivatives. it is known that human blood can be contaminated by various infectious agents. the objective of the ... | 2016 | 27167358 |
| the honolulu liver disease cluster at the medical center: its mysteries and challenges. | in 2013, physicians at the honolulu queen's medical center (qmc) noticed that seven liver disease patients reported the use of oxyelite pro (oep), a widely consumed dietary supplement (ds). assuming a temporal association between oep use and disease, they argued that oep was the cause of this mysterious cluster. subsequent reexamination, however, has revealed that this qmc cohort is heterogeneous and not a cluster with a single agent causing a single disease. it is heterogeneous because patients ... | 2016 | 27043544 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and acute-on-chronic liver failure in west africa: a case-control study from the gambia. | in sub-saharan africa, it is unknown whether hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a common precipitating event of acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf). | 2016 | 26623967 |
| viral hepatitis: indian scenario. | viral hepatitis is a cause for major health care burden in india and is now equated as a threat comparable to the "big three" communicable diseases - hiv/aids, malaria and tuberculosis. hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus are predominantly enterically transmitted pathogens and are responsible to cause both sporadic infections and epidemics of acute viral hepatitis. hepatitis b virus and hepatitis c virus are predominantly spread via parenteral route and are notorious to cause chronic hepatit ... | 2016 | 27546957 |
| incidence and seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in pregnant women infected with hepatitis b virus and antibody placental transfer in infants. | hepatitis e has poor outcomes in pregnant women. superinfection of hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) may worsen liver disease. | 2016 | 27467017 |
| liver failure due to acute viral hepatitis (a-e). | viral hepatitis is still one of the key causes of acute liver failure (alf) in the world. | 2016 | 27413724 |
| multiplex qpcr for serodetection and serotyping of hepatitis viruses: a brief review. | the present review describes the current status of multiplex quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays developed and used globally for detection and subtyping of hepatitis viruses in body fluids. several studies have reported the use of multiplex qpcr for the detection of hepatitis viruses, including hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). in addition, multiplex qpcr has also been develo ... | 2016 | 27239109 |
| the role of hepatitis e virus infection in adult americans with acute liver failure. | acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a leading cause of acute liver failure (alf) in many developing countries, yet rarely identified in western countries. given that antibody testing for hev infection is not routinely obtained, we hypothesized that hev-related alf might be present and unrecognized in north american alf patients. serum samples of 681 adults enrolled in the u.s. acute liver failure study group were tested for anti-hev immunoglobulin (ig) m and anti-hev igg levels. subjects ... | 2016 | 27215797 |
| multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr for simultaneous detection of hepatitis b, c, and e virus. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv), hcv, and hev may occur as singly or concurrently in patients of different kind of liver disease. the rapid, reliable, and cost-effective screening of these pathogens is required for the large epidemiological studies. therefore, a study has been planned to develop a multiplex reverse transcriptase-pcr assay which can be used for the screening of maximum number of pathogens at a time. | 2016 | 27194894 |
| acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) in coastal eastern india: "a single-center experience". | acute-on-chronic liver failure (aclf) is an emerging entity. the present study was undertaken to analyze the clinical profile and natural course of aclf patients. | 2016 | 27194893 |
| prevention strategies for blood-borne viruses-in the era of vaccines, direct acting antivirals and antiretroviral therapy. | blood-borne viruses, such as hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and the facultative blood-borne hepatitis e virus, are considered a major public health problem given that they are accountable for millions of deaths each year. treatment options, including effective vaccine design, development of antiviral strategies and the implementation of antiretroviral therapy have improved substantially over the last couple of years and contribute to successful treatment and ... | 2016 | 27185010 |
| clinical features of acute hepatitis e super-infections on chronic hepatitis b. | to examine the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcomes in chronic hepatitis b (chb) superimposed with hepatitis e virus (hev). | 2016 | 28058019 |
| incidence and characteristics of hepatitis e virus infection in children in assiut, upper egypt. | objective to describe the characteristics of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in a cohort of children from upper egypt using data from a large multicentre prospective study of acute viral hepatitis (avh). methods data from subjects aged 2-18 years with avh or close contacts of those with avh found to have asymptomatic avh were included in the analysis. information concerning medical history, clinical examination, liver function tests and screening for hepatotropic viruses was recorded and analy ... | 2016 | 27688687 |
| natural infection with avian hepatitis e virus and marek's disease virus in brown layer chickens in china. | in the present study, avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and serotype-1 strains of marek's disease virus (mdv-1) were detected from a flock of 27-wk-old brown layer hens in china, accompanied by an average daily mortality of 0.44%. postmortem examination of 25 sick hens and five apparently healthy hens selected randomly from the flock showed significant pathologic changes consistent with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hss), including hepatomegaly, peritoneal fluid, and hepatic subcapsular hemorrhag ... | 2016 | 27610734 |
| designing, construction and expression of a recombinant fusion protein comprising the hepatitis e virus orf2 and rotavirus nsp4 in the baculovirus expression system. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) accounts for hepatitis e infection with relatively high mortality rate in pregnant women that can lead to fulminant hepatitis. the baculovirus expression system (bes) has the capability to produce high-level recombinant proteins and could be useful for vaccine designing. | 2016 | 28138375 |
| preparation and evaluation of ms2 bacteriophage-like particles packaging hepatitis e virus rna. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the pathogen causing hepatitis e (he). it arouses global public health concern since it is a zoonotic disease. the objective of this letter is to report a cost-effective internal control prepared for monitoring procedures of hev reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr detection. a selected conserved hev rna fragment was integrated into the downstream of the truncated ms2 bacteriophage genome based on armored rna technology. the resulting ms2-hev gene harbored by the pet-28b-ms2 ... | 2016 | 27664054 |
| evaluation of the microbiological quality of reclaimed water produced from a lagooning system. | the use of lagooning as a complementary natural method of treating secondary effluents of wastewater treatment plants has been employed as an affordable and easy means of producing reclaimed water. however, using reclaimed water for some purposes, for example, for food irrigation, presents some risks if the effluents contain microbial pathogens. classical bacterial indicators that are used to assess faecal contamination in water do not always properly indicate the presence of bacterial or viral ... | 2016 | 27194016 |
| development and evaluation of two subunit vaccine candidates containing antigens of hepatitis e virus, rotavirus, and astrovirus. | hepatitis e virus (hev), rotavirus (rv), and astrovirus (astv) are important pathogens that transmit through a common fecal-oral route, causing hepatitis (hev) and gastroenteritis (rv and astv) respectively in humans. in this study, we developed and evaluated two subunit vaccine candidates that consisted of the same protruding or spike protein antigens of the three viruses in two formats, a fusion of the three antigens into one molecule (fused vaccine) vs. a mixture of the three free antigens to ... | 2016 | 27194006 |
| production and characterization of a brazilian candidate antigen for hepatitis e virus genotype 3 diagnosis. | hepatitis e, caused by hepatitis e virus (hev), is a viral infectious pathology of great importance in the public health. hepatitis e outbreaks were registered in developing countries with poor or no sanitation, where drinking water was contaminated with fecal material, but also in many industrialized countries probably due to consumption of hev-positive swine meat. in this study, we present the development and characterization of a recombinant antigen from orf2 hev genotype 3. viral rna was ext ... | 2016 | 26832642 |
| [new viral risks in blood transfusion by 2016]. | viral safety remains a major concern in transfusion of blood products. over years, the control measures applied to blood products were made more and more sophisticated; however, the number of infectious agents, and notably of viruses, that can be transmitted by transfusion is increasing continuously. the aim of this review paper is to actualize that published in the same journal by the same authors in 2011 with more details on some of actual vs virtual viral threats that were identified recently ... | 2016 | 26781857 |
| hepatitis e virus derived from different sources exhibits different behaviour in virus inactivation and/or removal studies with plasma derivatives. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes viral hepatitis, and is considered a risk factor for blood products. although some hev inactivation/removal studies have been reported, detailed investigations of different manufacturing steps as heat treatment, partitioning during cold ethanol fractionation, low ph treatment, and virus filtration have yet to be reported for plasma-derived medicinal products. in this study, human serum- and swine faeces-derived hevs, with and without detergent treatment, were used. ... | 2016 | 27461242 |
| hepatitis e virus as a cause of acute hepatitis in the netherlands. | recent studies indicate that 27% of dutch blood donors have evidence of past infection with hev. however, the low number of diagnosed hev infections indicates either an asymptomatic course or under diagnosis. | 2016 | 26840767 |
| hepatitis virus infections in poultry. | viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis e virus (hev), duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), duck hepatitis a virus (dhav-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (fadv), and turkey hepatitis virus (thv). while these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. in this article, we aim to review the common an ... | 2016 | 27610716 |
| [infectious and neoplasic complications after kidney transplantation]. | infections and malignancies are the expected complications of immunosuppressive therapy, which non-specifically impairs cellular and humoral immune responses in renal transplant recipients. infections were usually frequent and severe during the early post-transplant period (first year). recent diagnostic methods (molecular biology) and availability of new antivirals, antifungal and antibiotic drugs made rapid diagnosis and systematic preventive strategies much easier and this resulted in a signi ... | 2016 | 27686031 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| travelers lowering their guard: a bacterial, viral and protozoan co-infection after a five-day journey in india. | we present a case of concurrent infections by campylobacter jejuni, giardia intestinalis and hepatitis e virus acquired during a 5-days travel to india by an italian traveller : professionals responsible for pre- and post-travel care should underline food and water precautions and prescribe an adequate diagnostic work-up in symptomatic patients. | 2016 | 27378368 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus and other livestock-related pathogens in iowa streams. | manure application is a source of pathogens to the environment. through overland runoff and tile drainage, zoonotic pathogens can contaminate surface water and streambed sediment and could affect both wildlife and human health. this study examined the environmental occurrence of gene markers for livestock-related bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens and antibiotic resistance in surface waters within the south fork iowa river basin before and after periods of swine manure application on agri ... | 2016 | 27318519 |
| convergent transcription of interferon-stimulated genes by tnf-α and ifn-α augments antiviral activity against hcv and hev. | ifn-α has been used for decades to treat chronic hepatitis b and c, and as an off-label treatment for some cases of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection. tnf-α is another important cytokine involved in inflammatory disease, which can interact with interferon signaling. because interferon-stimulated genes (isgs) are the ultimate antiviral effectors of the interferon signaling, this study aimed to understand the regulation of isg transcription and the antiviral activity by ifn-α and tnf-α. in this st ... | 2016 | 27150018 |
| cross talk between nucleotide synthesis pathways with cellular immunity in constraining hepatitis e virus replication. | viruses are solely dependent on host cells to propagate; therefore, understanding virus-host interaction is important for antiviral drug development. since de novo nucleotide biosynthesis is essentially required for both host cell metabolism and viral replication, specific catalytic enzymes of these pathways have been explored as potential antiviral targets. in this study, we investigated the role of different enzymatic cascades of nucleotide biosynthesis in hepatitis e virus (hev) replication. ... | 2016 | 26926637 |
| production of hepatitis e virus-like particles presenting multiple foreign epitopes by co-infection of recombinant baculoviruses. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes not only endemics via a fecal-oral route but also sporadic cases via zoonotic transmission or blood transfusion. hev-like particles (hev-lp) produced by using a baculovirus expression system are considered a candidate for mucosal vaccines for hev infection. in this study, we attempted to produce a chimeric hev-lp presenting various foreign epitopes on its surface. expression of the recombinant capsid proteins carrying a myc- or flag-tag inserted between amino acid ... | 2016 | 26905478 |
| cutthroat trout virus-towards a virus model to support hepatitis e research. | cutthroat trout virus (ctv) is a non-pathogenic fish virus belonging to the hepeviridae family, and it is distantly related to hepatitis e virus (hev). here, we report the development of an efficient cell culture system where ctv can consistently replicate to titers never observed before with a hepevirus. by using the rainbow trout gill (rtgill-w1) cell line, ctv reaches 10(10) geq/ml intracellularly and 10⁸ geq/ml extracellularly within 5-6 days in culture. we additionally established a qpcr sy ... | 2016 | 27775612 |
| enhanced replication of hepatitis e virus strain 47832c in an a549-derived subclonal cell line. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with increasing importance. the lack of efficient cell culture systems hampers systematic studies on its replication cycle, virus neutralization and inactivation. here, several cell lines were inoculated with the hev genotype 3c strain 47832c, previously isolated from a chronically infected transplant patient. at 14 days after inoculation the highest hev genome copy numbers were found in a549 cells, followed by plc/prf/5 cells, whereas hepg2/c3a, huh-7 ... | 2016 | 27690085 |
| hepatitis e virus in 3 types of laboratory animals, china, 2012-2015. | we found seroprevalences for hepatitis e virus (hev) of 7.5%, 18.5%, and 83.3% in specific pathogen-free (spf) laboratory rabbits, monkeys, and pigs, respectively, in china. hev rna was detected in 4.8% of spf rabbits, and 11 rabbits had latent infections. screening for hev in spf animals before relevant experiments are conducted is recommended. | 2016 | 27314902 |
| markers for ongoing or previous hepatitis e virus infection are as common in wild ungulates as in humans in sweden. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen with zoonotic spread, infecting both domestic and wild animals. about 17% of the swedish population is immune to hev, but few cases are reported annually, indicating that most infections are subclinical. however, clinical hepatitis e may also be overlooked. for identified cases, the source of infection is mostly unknown. in order to identify whether hev may be spread from wild game, the prevalence of markers for past and/or ongoing infection was invest ... | 2016 | 27657108 |
| assessment of domestic pigs, wild boars and feral hybrid pigs as reservoirs of hepatitis e virus in corsica, france. | in corsica, extensive pig breeding systems allow frequent interactions between wild boars and domestic pigs, which are suspected to act as reservoirs of several zoonotic diseases including hepatitis e virus (hev). in this context, 370 sera and 166 liver samples were collected from phenotypically characterized as pure or hybrid wild boars, between 2009 and 2012. in addition, serum and liver from 208 domestic pigs belonging to 30 farms were collected at the abattoir during the end of 2013. anti-he ... | 2016 | 27556478 |
| ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry. | 2016 | 27733122 |
| ancient recombination events and the origins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an enteric, single-stranded, positive sense rna virus and a significant etiological agent of hepatitis, causing sporadic infections and outbreaks globally. tracing the evolutionary ancestry of hev has proved difficult since its identification in 1992, it has been reclassified several times, and confusion remains surrounding its origins and ancestry. | 2016 | 27733122 |
| identification of critical residues in hepatitis e virus macro domain involved in its interaction with viral methyltransferase and orf3 proteins. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of hepatitis in normal and organ transplant individuals. hev open reading frame-1 encodes a polypeptide comprising of the viral nonstructural proteins as well as domains of unknown function such as the macro domain (x-domain), v, duf3729 and y. the macro domain proteins are ubiquitously present from prokaryotes to human and in many positive-strand rna viruses, playing important roles in multiple cellular processes. towards understanding the function of th ... | 2016 | 27113483 |
| molecular biology and infection of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a viral pathogen transmitted primarily via fecal-oral route. in humans, hev mainly causes acute hepatitis and is responsible for large outbreaks of hepatitis across the world. the case fatality rate of hev-induced hepatitis ranges from 0.5 to 3% in young adults and up to 30% in infected pregnant women. hev strains infecting humans are classified into four genotypes. hev strains from genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic, whereas those from genotypes 1 and 2 have no known anim ... | 2016 | 27656178 |
| mutagenic effects of ribavirin on hepatitis e virus-viral extinction versus selection of fitness-enhancing mutations. | hepatitis e virus (hev), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. to date, hev infections can only be treated with ribavirin (rbv). major drawbacks of this therapy are that rbv is not approved for administration to pregnant women and that the virus can acquire mutations, which render the intra-host population less sensitive or even resistant to rbv. one of the proposed modes of action of rbv is a direc ... | 2016 | 27754363 |
| endemicity of zoonotic diseases in pigs and humans in lowland and upland lao pdr: identification of socio-cultural risk factors. | in lao people's democratic republic pigs are kept in close contact with families. human risk of infection with pig zoonoses arises from direct contact and consumption of unsafe pig products. this cross-sectional study was conducted in luang prabang (north) and savannakhet (central-south) provinces. a total of 59 villages, 895 humans and 647 pigs were sampled and serologically tested for zoonotic pathogens including: hepatitis e virus (hev), japanese encephalitis virus (jev) and trichinella spira ... | 2016 | 27070428 |
| constant hepatitis e virus (hev) circulation in wild boar and red deer in spain: an increasing concern source of hev zoonotic transmission. | hepatitis e is a viral zoonosis that affects multiple hosts. the complete dynamics of infection in wildlife are still unknown, but the previous fact facilitates the maintenance and circulation of the virus, posing a risk to human health in the case of meat consumption from susceptible animals. in spain, it has been shown how domestic pigs, cattle and wildlife (i.e. wild boar and red deer) clearly interact in hunting farms, generating a complex epidemiological situation in terms of interspecies p ... | 2016 | 25571944 |
| erratum to: evidence of mapk-jnk1/2 activation by hepatitis e virus orf3 protein in cultured hepatoma cells. | 2016 | 25535116 | |
| hepatitis e virus in sylvatic and captive wild boar from portugal. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a zoonotic agent today considered a major public health issue in industrialized countries. hev strains belonging to zoonotic genotype 3 are widely present in swine, being today considered important reservoirs for human disease. unlike in swine, only scarce data are available on the circulation of hev in wild boar. this study describes the detection and molecular characterization of hev in livers from sylvatic wild boar hunted in portugal and destined for consumption. a ... | 2016 | 25405272 |
| meeting report: 2013 pda virus & tse safety forum. | the report provides a summary of the presentations and discussions at the virus & tse safety forum 2013 organized by the parenteral drug association (pda) and held in berlin, germany, from june 4 to 6, 2013. the conference was accompanied by a workshop, "virus spike preparations and virus removal by filtration: new trends and developments". the presentations and the discussion at the workshop are summarized in a separate report that will be published in this issue of the journal as well. as with ... | 2016 | 25188343 |
| expression and characterization of hepatitis e virus-like particles and non-virus-like particles from insect cells. | the hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid antigen expressed in insect cell has been proposed as a candidate subunit vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis e. however, the expression and purification of hev virus-like particles (vlps) from insect cells have not been explored. we aimed to optimize the procedure to obtain hev vlps. in this study, two conformations of the hev capsid proteins were expressed in insect cells, vlps and non-vlps, and they were purified separately. the physicochemical propertie ... | 2016 | 25824972 |
| hepatitis e virus genotype 4 in southeastern france: still around. | 2016 | 26216587 | |
| hepatitis e virus in the countries of the middle east and north africa region: an awareness of an infectious threat to blood safety. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is mainly transmitted through contaminated water supplies which make the virus endemic in developing countries including countries of the middle east and north africa (mena) region. recent reports suggest potential risk of hev transmission via blood transfusion. | 2016 | 26112744 |
| investigating the origin and global dispersal history of hepatitis e virus genotype 4 using phylogeographical analysis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4 has mainly been isolated from sporadic hepatitis cases and swine in asian countries. we analysed the origin and global dispersal history of genotype 4 using a bayesian phylogeographical approach. | 2016 | 26037061 |
| chronic infection with camelid hepatitis e virus in a liver transplant recipient who regularly consumes camel meat and milk. | there have been increasing reports of food-borne zoonotic transmission of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 3, which causes chronic infections in immunosuppressed patients. we performed phylogenetic analyses of the hev sequence (partial and full-length) from 1 patient from the middle east who underwent liver transplantation, and compared it with other orthohepevirus a sequences. we found the patient to be infected by camelid hev. this patient regularly consumed camel meat and milk, therefore came ... | 2016 | 26551551 |
| serologic and molecular survey of hepatitis e virus in german deer populations. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a human pathogen that is primarily transmitted by the fecal-oral route and causes a usually self-limiting acute viral hepatitis. the virus is endemic in developing countries of africa, asia, and latin america and is responsible for sporadic cases in industrialized countries. in western europe, an increasing number of autochthonous cases have been associated with zoonotic transmissions of hev from domestic and wild animals. in germany, animal reservoirs for hev have bee ... | 2016 | 26528571 |
| epidemiology of hepatitis e virus infection during pregnancy in benin. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the cause of enterically transmitted non-a, non-c hepatitis (an infection that is particularly severe during pregnancy) in tropical and subtropical countries. as there are no published data concerning the prevalence of hev antibodies in benin, their presence was investigated in pregnant women undergoing routine hiv screening in a rural area in northern benin and in pregnant women with acute non-a, non-c hepatitis. | 2016 | 26523476 |
| acute on chronic liver failure because of acute hepatic insults: etiologies, course, extrahepatic organ failure and predictors of mortality. | acute on chronic liver failure (aclf) because of precipitating factors (variceal bleed/infections) identifies cirrhotics at risk for high short-term mortality. information on aclf because of acute hepatic insults is lacking. the aim of the study was to evaluate acute hepatic insults in aclf and their effect on the course and outcome. | 2016 | 26519215 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in archived rabbit serum samples, germany 1989. | we detected hepatitis e virus in serum samples of wild rabbits that were hunted in 1989 around the city of greifswald, germany. the recovery of one partial sequence and subsequent phylogenetic analysis indicates a close relationship to rabbit hev sequences from france and suggests a long-established circulation of rabbit hev in europe. | 2016 | 26518295 |
| hepatitis e-induced severe myositis. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic in asian and african countries but is rarely reported in western countries. although there are some prominent neurological manifestations, hev is rarely recognized by neurologists. | 2016 | 26514272 |
| hepatitis e virus infection activates signal regulator protein α to down-regulate type i interferon. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis worldwide. however, the mechanism of hev replication is unclear. type i interferon is the first defense line of host against viral infection. signal regulator protein α (sirp-α) plays an important role in negative regulation of innate immunity. in the present study, hev infection significantly activated the expression of sirp-α and down-regulated phosphorylation of irf3, consequently resulted in suppression of ty ... | 2016 | 26492885 |
| the use of human sewage screening for community surveillance of hepatitis e virus in the uk. | hepatitis e virus sequences were detected by rt-pcr in 14/15 (93%) of untreated sewage samples from edinburgh, scotland, uk. phylogenetic analysis of amplicons at limiting dilution revealed the co-circulation of multiple variants of hev-3, with a pattern of diversity matching that observed in a local cohort of hev-infected hepatitis patients. | 2016 | 26461450 |
| evidence of autochthonous hepatitis e in a portuguese pediatric cohort, 1992-1995. | despite the growing importance of hepatitis e virus (hev) in industrialized countries, minimal attention has been given to autochthonous hev infection in children. the present study screened archived sera (n = 71) from a portuguese pediatric cohort collected in 1992-1995 for the presence of antibodies against hev, using enzyme immunoassays and immunodot. anti-hev igg was detected in two children and anti-hev igm in one, suggesting an acute hev infection. this shows that hev was circulating in th ... | 2016 | 26496362 |
| hepatitis e virus: seroprevalence and frequency of viral rna detection among us blood donors. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a nonenveloped emerging virus of increasing worldwide interest. antibody prevalence, rna frequencies, and transfusion transmissions have been reported. we investigated the hev rna and antibody frequencies in us blood donors. | 2016 | 26434952 |
| complete genome sequencing of a genotype 3 hepatitis e virus strain identified in a swine farm in italy. | in this study, we investigated hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in piglets sampled in two farms in southern italy. the virus was detected in 11 out of 15 animals tested. based on sequence analysis, the 6 italian strains examined belonged to two clusters containing both swine and human strains of either genotype 3 subtype e or f from europe and japan. the two italian strain clusters shared nucleotide identity of 81.8% and 87.5% in the orf2 (capsid protein) and orf1 (rdrp) diagnostic fragments, r ... | 2016 | 26415753 |
| sofosbuvir inhibits hepatitis e virus replication in vitro and results in an additive effect when combined with ribavirin. | infection with hepatitis e virus genotype 3 may result in chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. reduction of immunosuppression or treatment with ribavirin or pegylated interferon-α can result in viral clearance. however, safer and more effective treatment options are needed. here, we show that sofosbuvir inhibits the replication of hepatitis e virus genotype 3 both in subgenomic replicon systems as well as a full-length infectious clone. moreover, the combination of sofosbuvir and rib ... | 2016 | 26408347 |
| high proportion of asymptomatic infections in an outbreak of hepatitis e associated with a spit-roasted piglet, france, 2013. | on 11 december 2013, 3 clustered cases of hepatitis e were reported on a french coastal island. individuals had taken part in a wedding meal that included a spit-roasted piglet. the piglet had been stuffed with a raw stuffing partly made from the liver. investigations were carried out to identify the vehicle of contamination and evaluate the dispersion of the hepatitis e virus (hev) in the environment. | 2016 | 26429341 |
| detection and assessment of infectivity of hepatitis e virus in urine. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is known to be excreted in the stool but there has been no report of its presence in urine. this study investigated the presence of hev rna and antigen (hev-ag) in urine and its possible transmission. | 2016 | 26362822 |
| extra-hepatic manifestations associated with hepatitis e virus infection: a comprehensive review of the literature. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is a significant public health problem that afflicts almost 20 million individuals annually and causes acute liver injury in 3.5 million, with approximately 56 000 deaths. as with other viral hepatitides, extra-hepatic manifestations could represent an important aspect of this infection. the spectrum of these manifestations is still emerging. acute pancreatitis and neurological, musculoskeletal, hematological, renal, and other immune-mediated manifestations have ... | 2016 | 26358655 |
| mix-breeding with hev-infected swine induced inapparent hev infection in spf rabbits. | studies have shown that swine hev (shev) and rabbit hev (rhev) can experimentally infect rabbits and swine, respectively. however, no published data have documented isolating shev strains from rabbits in natural environment so far. to clarify the possibility of natural cross-species transmission of shev to rabbits, the pigs with hev infection were farmed along with spf rabbits in the same enclosed space. five of 10 rabbits had seroconversion for anti-hev antibody from the third week after mix-br ... | 2016 | 26334930 |