Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| biochemical and antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies of a series of of influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) virus reassortants. | reassortant influenza a viruses with high growth capacity in eggs and suitable as candidate vaccine strains or as standard reagents for influenza ha quantification were prepared using the high yielding a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) as one parent and a number of 'wild' strains of influenza a (h1n1) or (h3n2) viruses as the other parent. the genetic and antigenic composition of the reassortants was determined. the parental derivation of genes in the reassortants was established by electrophoretic analysis of v ... | 1986 | 3962452 |
| [primary structure of the full-size dna copy of the np gene of influenza virus a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1)]. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the cloned full-length dna copy of a/kiev/59/79 (h1n1) influenza virus nucleoprotein gene has been determined. this strain is shown to be the natural recombinant that inherited its nucleoprotein gene from contemporary h3n2-influenza strains. the comparison with other np-genes reveals the probable localization of antigenic determinants and phosphorylation site of the np-protein. | 1986 | 3964309 |
| comparison of infection rats and severity of illness for influenza a subtypes h1n1 and h3n2. | in the houston family study, overall rates of infection for the three major outbreaks of influenza a from 1977 to 1981 were higher for subtype h3n2 than for h1n1. rates in school children were almost identical, but rates of infection with h1n1 were lower in adults and in preschool children, especially those younger than two years of age. however, rates for the two subtypes were similar in young children within families that experienced influenza a infections. in the total population overall illn ... | 1985 | 3965595 |
| cross-subtype protection in humans during sequential, overlapping, and/or concurrent epidemics caused by h3n2 and h1n1 influenza viruses. | a total of 663 pupils at four schools were studied serologically and clinically during a period of large sequential and/or mixed epidemics of infection with two subtypes of influenza a virus, h3n2 and h1n1. of 91 middle-school pupils infected with h3n2 virus shortly before and 82 pupils not previously infected with this subtype, 59% and 91% became infected with h1n1 virus, respectively; this difference was significant. similar results were obtained at the two primary schools studied. at a high s ... | 1985 | 3965596 |
| naturally acquired immunity to influenza type a. lessons from two coexisting subtypes. | when the h1n1 subtype of influenza reappeared in the northern hemisphere during 1977, after a 20-year absence, it behaved very differently from the h3n2 subtype still in circulation. in sydney, we studied the incidence of both subtypes of laboratory-proven influenza type a in 287 unvaccinated volunteers whose serum antibody titres were measured before and after each winter, to facilitate the detection of subclinical as well as clinical infection. during a 1977 epidemic, the a/victoria/3/75 strai ... | 1985 | 3965918 |
| prophylactic amantadine dose and plasma concentration-effect relationships in healthy adults. | amantadine dose, plasma concentration, prophylactic and adverse effect relationships for prevention of influenza a virus infection in healthy young adult subjects were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. seventy-four subjects with hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers less than or equal to 16 against an attenuated influenza a virus af9/montreal/3/72 (h3n2) were randomly allocated to groups taking 0 (placebo), 25, 100, or 150 mg amantadine syrup prophylactically twice ... | 1985 | 3967455 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in nursing homes. reduction in illness and complications during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | from december 10, 1982, to march 4, 1983, when influenza a (h3n2) viruses circulated in michigan, outbreaks of influenza-like illness were identified in seven nursing homes in genesee county; 272 (27%) of 1,018 residents were affected. unvaccinated residents were more likely than vaccinated residents to become ill (risk ratio [rr], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [cl], 1.8-3.6) and were subsequently more likely to be hospitalized (rr, 2.4; 95% cl, 1.2-4.8), develop roentgenographically proven pneum ... | 1985 | 3968844 |
| role of serum in stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence by influenza a. | granulocyte membrane perturbation activates oxidative metabolism with the release of highly reactive species (o2-, h2o2, oh., and 'o2) and emission of light (chemiluminescence (cl)). using the cl response as a measure of oxidative metabolism, we assayed the effects of influenza a on the granulocyte respiratory burst. human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) were isolated by ficoll-hypaque cushioning and dextran sedimentation. the isolated pmns were incubated with egg-grown influenza a (h3n2) vi ... | 1985 | 3970456 |
| amino acid sequences of haemagglutinins of influenza viruses of the h3 subtype isolated from horses. | the amino acid sequence of the haemagglutinin of a/equine/miami/63 (h3n8), the prototype influenza virus of the h3 subtype from horses, is deduced from the nucleotide sequence of virus rna and compared with the sequences of haemagglutinins of viruses of this subtype isolated from humans [x-31 (h3n2)] and from birds [a/duck/ukraine/63 (h3n8)] and with the sequence of the haemagglutinin of a/equine/fontainebleau/79 (h3n8) a virus isolated from a recent outbreak of equine influenza. the amino acid ... | 1985 | 3973560 |
| comparative electrophoretic study of polypeptides of influenza a/h3n2 viruses isolated in circumscribed geographical areas. | two distinct groups of influenza a/h3n2 viruses, closely related to a/bangkok/1/79 and to a/belgium/2/81, have been chosen from viruses isolated in italy during 1981 to 1983 with the aim of analysing the biochemical composition of their polypeptides. the strains of each group have shown differences in electrophoretic migration rates in one or more proteins in comparison to the prototype viruses. polypeptide mobility variations among isolates from circumscribed geographical areas and from single ... | 1985 | 3973565 |
| nucleoprotein and membrane protein genes are associated with restriction of replication of influenza a/mallard/ny/78 virus and its reassortants in squirrel monkey respiratory tract. | an avian influenza a virus, a/mallard/ny/6750/78(h2n2), was restricted in in replication in the respiratory tract of squirrel monkeys. avian-human influenza a reassortant viruses possessing the six rna segments coding for nonsurface proteins (i.e., internal genes) of this avian virus were as restricted in replication in squirrel monkeys as their avian influenza parent. these findings indicated that restriction of replication of the avian influenza virus is a function of one or more of its intern ... | 1985 | 3973966 |
| analysis of antigenic relationships among influenza virus strains using a taxonomic cluster procedure. comparison of three kinds of antibody preparations. | hemagglutination inhibiting (hi) monoclonal antibody preparations (ma) were raised against six influenza a (h3n2) strains from the period 1977-1982. twenty-three hybridomas were selected and titrated in hi assays against these strains and against 18 influenza a (h3n2) viruses isolated in the netherlands during the seasons 1981-1982 and 1982-1983. similar hi tests were performed with conventional post-infection ferret antisera and with ferret antisera adsorbed with heterologous strains of influen ... | 1985 | 3988875 |
| [method for the cross protection of mice in studying the antigenic variability of the influenza virus]. | a modification of the method of cross protection of mice was developed for the study of influenza virus antigenic drift. this modification does not require a pre-adaptation of the virus to mouse lungs. the experiments of cross protection of immune animals carried out by the modified method demonstrated antigenic variability of the influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated in 1968-1983. immunologically significant differences between influenza a/hong kong/68/ and a/victoria/36/72 virus strains we ... | 1985 | 3992999 |
| [formation and protective functions of antibodies to neuraminidase of the influenza a virus]. | the features of production and protective properties of antineuraminidase antibodies in subjects of various ages with influenza infection caused by currently important influenza a virus strains of h1n1 and h3n2 serosubtypes were studied. in children, antineuraminidase antibodies were found to accumulate less intensively than in adults and in infants under 1 year they were detected extremely rarely. in young infants, their titres after the disease decreased more rapidly than antihemagglutinin tit ... | 1985 | 3993000 |
| [erythrocyte antibody diagnostic agents for determining the type and subtype of influenza viruses]. | the method of antibody sensitization of sheep erythrocyte using amidole was employed to prepare diagnosticums for influenza a/ussr/090/77 (h1n1), a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/75 viruses. comparison of the potency of diagnosticums obtained on the basis of hyperimmune influenza sera and immunoglobulin preparations demonstrated that the use of globulins isolated with ammonium sulphate, by gel filtration on sephadex g-200, and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose 32 gives a higher ... | 1985 | 3993001 |
| in vitro production of ige and igg protein by blood mononuclear cells from non-atopic and atopic donors. | the production of ige and igg protein by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture has been examined. cells obtained from 18 grass-sensitive donors during the grass pollen season and from 11 atopic dermatitis patients (total serum ige levels greater than 960 ng/ml), spontaneously produced significant amounts of ige but not igg with time. similar results were obtained using b-cell enriched preparations from both groups. cells from 16 non-atopic donors had mean levels of pre-formed ige s ... | 1985 | 3993866 |
| [analysis of the influenza situation in the ussr and the gdr in nonepidemic (1978-1979) and epidemic (1979-1980) seasons]. | analysis of comparative surveillance on influenza carried out in the ussr and the gdr is presented. it was shown that both in the nonepidemic and epidemic seasons the incidence of influenza in the ussr increased considerably earlier than in the gdr. in the nonepidemic season of 1978-1979, strains of different antigenic structure were in circulation in the ussr and the gdr, whereas the epidemic of 1979-1980 was induced by new drift variants of a(h3n2) virus, a/bangkok/1/79 and a/bangkok/2/79. the ... | 1985 | 4002688 |
| dose response of influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2) avian-human reassortant virus in adult volunteers. | 1985 | 4008988 | |
| tecumseh study of illness. xiii. influenza infection and disease, 1976-1981. | the occurrence of influenza was followed in tecumseh, michigan during the five year period 1976-1981 by identifying onset of acute respiratory illness and by virus isolation and serology. type b outbreaks were observed in 1976-1977 and 1979-1980, type a (h3n2) in 1977-1978 and 1980-1981, and type a (h1n1) viruses in 1977-1978, 1978-1979, and 1980-1981. evidence of low level circulation of viruses in the year preceding an outbreak was not obtained. age-specific isolation rates from specimens coll ... | 1985 | 4014174 |
| heterogeneity among influenza h3n2 isolates recovered during an outbreak. brief report. | isolates of the h3n2 subtype recovered during an outbreak have been analyzed at the genomic and protein level. no reassortant genomes were detected. by t1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of rna segments coding for hemagglutinin (ha), nucleoprotein (np), and neuraminidase (na) two genotypes were found. | 1985 | 4015407 |
| [nonspecificity of the phenomenon of influenza virus phagocytosis by murine macrophages]. | peritoneal macrophage cultures from intact mice and those immune to influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (hon1) were infected with homologous virus or influenza virus a/england/42/72 (h3n2) whereupon virus was isolated from chick embryos. it was established that in intact macrophages, both viruses duplicated similarly. macrophages immune to virus hon1 equally disintegrated both in homologous virus and heterologous influenza virus h3n2. | 1985 | 4016242 |
| prevalence of antibody against influenza a viruses in the kren-akorore, an indian tribe of central brazil, first contacted in 1973. | influenza a antibodies in serum samples obtained in 1980 from two indian populations in central brazil were compared. the kren-akorore, who were first contacted in 1973 and two years later transferred to the xingu indian park (pix), were compared with indians from other tribes already living in the pix before 1975. an analysis was made of the prevalence and distribution of antibodies against the influenza a viruses which have circulated in the civilized world since 1918. antibodies to the early ... | 1985 | 4020109 |
| severity of fever in influenza: studies on the relation between viral surface antigens, pyrexia, level of nasal virus and inflammatory response in the ferret. | previous work has shown that fever in influenza of ferrets occurs following release of endogenous pyrogen from virus-phagocyte interaction in the upper respiratory tract (urt), and suggested that the poor inflammatory response and correspondingly low fever elicited by a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1), compared with h3n2 reassortant clones of a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69, were related to its h1 and n1 surface antigens. nasal virus levels, inflammatory and pyrexial responses produced in ferrets by ... | 1985 | 4020349 |
| natural heterogeneity of shape, infectivity and protein composition in an influenza a (h3n2) virus preparation. | influenza a (x31) virus was purified over a zonal sucrose gradient. the resulting gradient fractions were examined by electron microscopy, ha and infectivity titrations and gel electrophoresis. the fractions containing a homogeneous suspension of spherical particles had the highest infectivity per amount of viral protein and a much higher ha:m ratio than the unfractionated preparation. these results explain differences in the proportions of ha and m protein we have reported elsewhere on monodisp ... | 1985 | 4024729 |
| recent h1n1 viruses (a/ussr/90/77, a/fiji/15899/83, a/firenze/13/83) replicate poorly in ferret bronchial epithelium. brief report. | three recent wild-type h1n1 influenza virus isolates (a/ussr/90/77, a/fiji/15899/83 and a/firenze/13/83) replicated poorly in organ cultures of ferret bronchial tissue compared with the replication of an h3n2 wild-type virus (a/england/939/69). all four viruses replicated well in nasal turbinate tissue. examination of one h1n1 virus (a/ussr/90/77) in vivo showed heavy infection in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets but little in the lower respiratory tract. these results raise the possibilit ... | 1985 | 4026584 |
| subclass distribution and molecular form of immunoglobulin a hemagglutinin antibodies in sera and nasal secretions after experimental secondary infection with influenza a virus in humans. | serum and nasal wash specimens from 13 human volunteers undergoing experimental secondary infection with influenza a/peking/2/79 (h3n2) wild-type virus were examined for the molecular form and subclass distribution of immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies to the viral hemagglutinin (ha). nasal iga antibodies were polymeric and did not bind radiolabeled secretory component, indicating that they were secretory iga antibodies. both iga1 and iga2 antibodies were detected; however, iga1 accounted for mos ... | 1985 | 4031039 |
| [heterogeneity of carbohydrate fragments in heavy and light chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin]. | comparative analysis of carbohydrate chains variations in influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin (ha) and its heavy (ha1) and light (ha2) chains has been carried out. the carbohydrate chains of these three glycoproteins were eliminated by reductive cleavage of n-glucosaminidic linkages under libh4 - tert-buoh treatment. fractionation of the oligosaccharides thus obtained by means of gel chromatography and hplc resulted in isolation of 21 individual oligosaccharides from each gly ... | 1985 | 4038352 |
| [influenza vaccine stimulation of antibodies to different variants of influenza a virus]. | the capacity of live influenza type a (h3n2) vaccines to produce antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibody to drift variants of a given serosubtype emerging later than the vaccine strain was studied. for this purpose, a wider set of antigens was used to examine retrospectively by the hi and virus elution from erythrocyte inhibition tests the paired sera from the subjects immunized in 1975 and 1976 with live vaccine virus strains similar to a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) and a/victoria/3/75. ... | 1985 | 4049840 |
| [comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of virazole and remantadine in patients with influenza caused by a(h3n2) and b viruses]. | therapeutic effectiveness of virazole in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) and b viruses (1980-1984) was demonstrated in 432 patients with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza. provided the treatment started on the 1st day of the disease, the experimental group showed normalization of fever and regression of toxicity symptoms within shorter periods than the controls. however in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) virus virazole showed a less m ... | 1985 | 4049841 |
| [circulation of the influenza virus on poultry-raising farms]. | the results of examinations for immunity to influenza in chickens and the personnel handling them at the permanently observed farm are presented. antibodies mainly to the same antigenic variants of human influenza viruses were found in chicken and human blood sera. alongside with antihemagglutinins to influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, chicken in 1983-1984 were found to have antibodies to influenza b virus epidemically important in those years. thus, in poultry farms human influenza viruses are i ... | 1985 | 4049842 |
| attenuation of wild-type human influenza a virus by acquisition of the pa polymerase and matrix protein genes of influenza a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted donor virus. | wild-type influenza a viruses can be attenuated for humans by the acquisition of genes from the a/ann arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus. six-gene reassortants, that is, viruses containing the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase surface glycoprotein genes of the wild-type virus and the six remaining rna segments of the ca donor virus, are consistently attenuated for humans. during the production of a six-gene reassortant virus containing the surface glycoproteins of the a/washington/897/80 (h3 ... | 1985 | 4056002 |
| ganglioside gm1b as an influenza virus receptor. | receptor activity toward influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) of a pair of gangliosides, gm1b (neuac alpha 2-3 ga1 beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 gal beta 1-4 glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) and gm1a (gal beta 1-3 galnac beta 1-4 (neuac alpha 2-3) ga1 beta 1-4 glc beta 1-1'-ceramide) is described. receptor activity was monitored by an assay system including incorporation of gangliosides into chicken asialoerythrocytes which had lost the biological response for the virus, and subsequent estimation of recovery o ... | 1985 | 4060848 |
| inhibition of transcriptase activity of influenza a virus in vitro by anti-haemagglutinin antibodies. | an investigation was made of inhibition of transcriptase activity of influenza viruses in vitro by binding of antibody to the surface of the virion. eight monoclonal antibodies which were directed against at least four non-overlapping antigenic regions of the haemagglutinin protein of a/aichi/68 virus were tested for inhibitory effect. one of the antibodies directed against the b antigenic site, 22/1, inhibited transcriptase activity, while the other seven antibodies did not. antibody from a hyp ... | 1985 | 4060849 |
| forecasting the epidemic potential of influenza virus variants based on their molecular properties. | sequence analysis of the influenza haemagglutinin, ha (h1 and h3) suggests that many antigenic variants that are identified but which do not become predominant differ from contemporary epidemic strains in one or two amino acids, in the region 188-193. this information may assist in the optimum selection of vaccine strains when multiple variants are co-circulating. genome analysis of h1n1 virus, from 1977 to 1983 (but not of h3n2 virus thus far) has identified two instances when large changes in ... | 1985 | 4060855 |
| characteristics of a swine recombinant influenza virus isolated in 1980: recombination between swine and the earliest hong kong (h3n2) viruses. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 differentiated the haemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed at two-antigenic determinants at least. immuno-double diffusion tests with antisera to the isolated neuraminidase and neuraminidase-inhibition ... | 1985 | 4060856 |
| [immune response of noninbred mice to subvirion influenza vaccines with various antigen and sorbent loads]. | the variants of splitted and subunit influenza monovaccines from virus strains a/leningrad/385/80r (h3n2) and a/kiev/59/79r (h1n1), adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide and having the varying content of hemogglutinin and the carrier, have been studied. the immune response of noninbred mice to a single and double injections of these vaccines have been evaluated, the concentrations of the antigen and the carrier inducing a high response in the animals, have been determined. differences in the immunolog ... | 1985 | 4060954 |
| characterization of a 1980-swine recombinant influenza virus possessing h1 hemagglutinin and n2 neuraminidase similar to that of the earliest hong kong (h3n2) virus. | a recombinant (h1n2, formerly hsw 1n2), a/swine/ehime/1/80 was found to possess antigenic, biological and genomic characteristics different from those of a previous a/swine/kanagawa/2/78 (h1n2) strain. five monoclonal antibodies to a/nj/8/76 definitely differentiated the hemagglutinin molecules of the former virus from the latter, showing that these viruses differed, at least, at two antigenic determinants. neuraminidase-inhibition tests with monoclonal antibodies to different h2n2 and h3n2 viru ... | 1985 | 4062559 |
| analysis of the genome of influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. | the crna:vrna hybridization technique was used to analyse h3n2 influenza virus isolates obtained from influenza patients in the united kingdom and the u.s.a. (alaska) during the epidemic season of 1982-1983. the majority of isolates differed from reference h3n2 influenza virus strains a/bangkok/1/79 and a/philippines/2/82 as well as from one another in the homology of nearly all the genes. no identical strains were detected among the isolates including the ones isolated in the same town and at t ... | 1985 | 4062561 |
| [synthesis of peptide fragments of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) hemagglutinins]. | peptides corresponding to sequences 122-133, 136-147, and 154-164 of the heavy chain of hemagglutinin of the a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) influenza virus have been synthesized by stepwise elongation of the peptide chain with boc-amino acid activated esters or by condensation of peptide blocks by dcc/hobt-method. a coloured c-protecting group, 2-[4-(phenylazo)-benzylsulfonyl]ethyl (pse), was used, which is convenient in purification of synthetic peptides. after removal of terminal n-and c-protecting group ... | 1985 | 4062990 |
| antibody status to influenza a/singapore/1/57(h2n2) in finland during a period of outbreaks caused by h3n2 and h1n1 subtype viruses. | the incidence of haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody (titre greater than or equal to 12) to influenza a/singapore/1/57(h2n2) in sera collected from a finnish population in the summer of 1981 was 58%. subjects born after 1968 were essentially seronegative, and a comparable low hi antibody status was also recorded among the elderly, the lowest being in people born during the period 1901-10. a small increase in antibody titre to the h2n2 virus was observed in the different age groups after i ... | 1985 | 4067298 |
| interactions between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and influenza virus. | the effects of influenza virus a (h3n2) on several functions of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) were examined. incubation of pmn with virus induced chemiluminescence, aggregation, and degranulation of the leukocytes. the amount of chemiluminescence generated increased from 1 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(6) cpm when 2.5 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(7) virus particles were added to 2.5 x 10(6) pmn. maximal aggregation occurred within 2 min and the response depended on the amount of virus added to the pmn. rele ... | 1985 | 4089541 |
| [structure of major oligomannoside chains of influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3 n2) hemagglutinin]. | the structure of four main oligomannosidic carbohydrate chains isolated from influenza virus a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) hemagglutinin has been elucidated using 1h nmr spectroscopy. the data obtained suggest that splitting off four alpha 1-2 linked mannose residues under alpha-mannosidase action is the limiting and selective stage of transformation of high mannose carbohydrate chain to complex chain during biosynthesis of glycoproteins. | 1985 | 4091863 |
| [immunovirologic markers of the risk of influenza a h3n2 among swine]. | a seroepidemiological survey using the radial haemolysis test has been performed on a representative sampling of the pig herds in brittany. since 1978, influenza a h3n2 strains spread in that reservoir giving subclinical infections. we detected antibodies directed against the influenza prototypes isolated during the human outbreaks from 1973 to 1977. only one h3n2 virus was isolated in 1980: its antigenic structure was in agreement with the previous serological data. in 1984 outbreaks of swine i ... | 1985 | 4095329 |
| murine th response to influenza virus: recognition of hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoproteins. | balb/c mice were primed with type a influenza virus by footpad injection or by aerosol infection with pr8 [a/pr/8/34-(h1n1)]. isolated t cells from draining lymph nodes were then tested for their proliferation in the presence of purified viral proteins hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, matrix, and nucleoprotein. significant responses [( 3h]thymidine incorporation) were seen against each of the four proteins after either priming scheme. when helper t (th) cell clones were isolated by hybridoma format ... | 1985 | 3155776 |
| antigenic and biochemical analysis of influenza "a" h3n2 viruses isolated from pigs. | four influenza a-h3n2 viruses isolated in pigs from different herds in central italy in the period 1981/82 have been antigenically and biochemically analysed. three of them a/sw/italy/2/81, a/sw/italy/7/81, a/sw/italy/8/82 were found to be serologically related to a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2). these three viruses were shown to have an identical electrophoretic pattern, as regards virus induced polypeptides and were clearly distinguishable from the virus a/sw/italy/6/81 which was antigenically related t ... | 1985 | 3155941 |
| n-acetylneuraminyllactosylceramide, gm3-neuac, a new influenza a virus receptor which mediates the adsorption-fusion process of viral infection. binding specificity of influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) to membrane-associated gm3 with different molecular species of sialic acid. | agglutinates of native chicken erythrocytes caused by influenza virus a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) at 4 degrees c were potently fused and lysed at low ph (optimum ph 5.3) at 37 degrees c. exogenous gangliosides gm3 (sia alpha 2-3gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-ceramide) and gm2 (galnac beta 1-4(sia alpha 2-3)-gal beta 1-4glc beta 1-ceramide) were integrated into the membranes of chicken asialoerythrocytes within 5-min incubation at 37 degrees c. we found that the incorporation of ganglioside gm3 containing n-acet ... | 1985 | 3838173 |
| development of subtype-specific and heterosubtypic antibodies to the influenza a virus hemagglutinin after primary infection in children. | children undergoing primary infection with an h1n1 or h3n2 influenza a virus developed subtype-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies to purified hemagglutinin (ha) of the infecting virus subtype. they also developed lower titered elisa antibodies to the noninfecting h1 or h3 ha and to h8 (an avian strain) ha. thus, after primary infection with an influenza a virus, children develop enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, but not hemagglutinat ... | 1985 | 3839001 |
| fusion of influenza virus membranes with liposomes at ph 7.5. | influenza virus x-31 (h3n2) membranes fuse with liposomes containing ganglioside gd1a at ph 7.5. fusion was demonstrated by electron microscopy and also can be measured by counting the labeled virus proteins incorporated into liposomes after bound virus has been removed. liposomes composed of lipids that have no net charge behave as reported by other investigators and do not fuse with influenza x-31 membranes at neutral ph, but they do fuse at low ph. therefore, the liposomal composition is a fa ... | 1985 | 3860813 |
| sensitization of mice with wild-type and cold-adapted influenza virus variants: immune response to two h1n1 and h3n2 viruses. | two a strain influenza viruses, a/hong kong/123/77 (a/hk/123/77) (h1n1) and a/queensland/6/72 (a/qld/6/72) (h3n2), and the two cold-adapted reassortants which possess the surface antigens of these strains (cr35 and cr6, respectively) were tested for their ability both to induce primary cytotoxic t-cell (tc cell) responses in mice and to sensitize mice for a second tc cell response when challenged with a distantly related a strain virus, a/shearwater/72 (h6n5). after intranasal inoculation, a/qld ... | 1985 | 3871484 |
| current status of amantadine and rimantadine as anti-influenza-a agents: memorandum from a who meeting. | amantadine (1-adamantanamine hydrochloride), an anti-influenza drug, effectively inhibits the replication of all human subtypes of influenza a virus (h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2) both in laboratory studies and in a variety of clinical situations in young and old persons. so far, it has been used on a relatively limited scale by community and hospital clinicians, partly because of concern over mild side-effects in approximately 6% of persons. the related compound, rimantadine (alpha-methyl-1-adamantane-m ... | 1985 | 3872736 |
| human peripheral blood mononuclear cells produce iga anti-influenza virus antibody in a secondary in vitro antibody response. | the function and immunoregulation of human iga memory b cells producing anti-influenza virus antibody was analyzed in vitro in antigen-stimulated cultures. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from seven of eight normal adult volunteers naturally immunized to influenza virus produced iga anti-influenza virus antibody when stimulated in vitro with inactivated a/aichi/68 [h3n2] influenza virus. this iga antibody response was approximately one-eighth the igg antibody response. pbmc from each o ... | 1985 | 3874224 |
| t-enriched spleen cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus in mice. | restimulation in vitro of t-enriched spleen cells from cba mice with influenza virus a/bangkok 1/79/h3n2 or its hemagglutinin (ha) leads to enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to virus and ha in recipients of transfer. the enhancement of dth measured by tail swelling is accompanied by 20-fold increase of binding affinity of transferring cells to ha measured by saturation analysis. dth induced by ha in vivo is weaker than induced by virus in this system. however, when ha is used in ... | 1985 | 3878696 |
| [hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies to influenza viruses]. | six hybrid clones producing monoclonal antibodies (mca) to influenza a/fmi/47 virus and 9 hybrid clones producing mca to influenza a/ussr/090/77 virus have been developed. the resulting mca have been shown to be highly specific for influenza viruses of h1n1 serotype and differentiating h1n1 viruses from h0n1 and h3n2. in 3 out of 11 hybrid clones under study, unique marker chromosomes not occurring in cells of the myeloma parents have been found. | 1985 | 3887755 |
| infection of cultured human muscle cells by influenza virus. | in a search for myotropic viruses with a potential to initiate muscle autoimmunity, we found that two strains of influenza a virus, a/england/863/78 (h3n2) and the reassortant virus x-47 (h3n2), could infect human syncytial myotubes lytically. the x-47 strain could, in addition, infect unicellular precursor myoblasts. intracellular viral protein synthesis was demonstrated by pulse-labelling studies in both cell types with both virus strains. by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, v ... | 1985 | 3903046 |
| simultaneous administration of live, attenuated influenza a vaccines representing different serotypes. | two live, attenuated cold-adapted influenza a vaccines representing current h1n1 and h3n2 serotypes were simultaneously administered intranasally to doubly seronegative children. no clinical illness resulted. characterization of virus shedding demonstrated shedding of both original vaccine strains and of reassortant virus with the h3n1 and h1n2 phenotype. a serum immune response to both serotypes was demonstrated. the successful simultaneous administration of two influenza a vaccine strains enha ... | 1985 | 3904259 |
| use of influenza a virus vaccines in seronegative children: live cold-adapted versus inactivated whole virus. | we report the safety and antigenicity of influenza a vaccines in seronegative children one to seven years of age. a natural h1n1 challenge that occurred shortly after completion of the vaccination program permitted an evaluation of efficacy. twenty-eight subjects were inoculated with live cold-adapted (ca) influenza a/washington/897/80 (h3n2), 29 with ca influenza a/california/10/78 (h1n1), 24 with inactivated whole-virus influenza a/bangkok/79 (h3n2), and 30 with a placebo. the ca vaccines were ... | 1985 | 3905983 |
| [use of a method of molecular nucleic acid hybridization for the rapid diagnosis of influenza]. | a highly sensitive method of pinpoint hybridization of nucleic acids on nitrocellulose filters using 32p-labeled pha plasmid carrying a dna copy of hemagglutinin gene of influenza a/udorn/307/72 (h3n2) was developed which permitted specific detection of minimal amounts of rna (units of pikograms) of influenza a virus with h3 serotype hemagglutinin. the method of pinpoint hybridization was used for the detection of rna of influenza a (h3 serotype) in nasopharyngeal washings of patients with acute ... | 1985 | 3907140 |
| visualization of the fate of inactive influenza viruses in daudi cells by electron microscopy. | the replication of active and inactivated influenza viruses in daudi lymphoma cells was studied by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. in a previous study, we demonstrated that active and heat-inactivated x47 (h3n2) virus arrested daudi cell growth by inhibiting cellular dna synthesis while formalin-treated x47 virus did not. transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that both the active and the heat-inactivated x47 virus penetrated into the cells. only the active x47 (xa) virus ... | 1985 | 3912969 |
| [isolation of the internal proteins of the influenza virus by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for obtaining monospecific antisera]. | the principal possibility of isolation of internal proteins (m and np) of influenza type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses by sds-pag preparative electrophoresis and preparation of monospecific antisera to these proteins was demonstrated. the resulting preparations may be used for testing the biological objects by enzymeimmunoassay. | 1985 | 3913133 |
| [cloning of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza virus of subtype h3 in e. coli]. | dsdna of the influenza virus subtype a/leningrad/385/80/r (h3n2)-recombinant a/leningrad/385/80 (h3n2) and rr/8/34 (h1n1) has been synthesized using polyadenylated viral rna as a template. this dsdna has been cloned on plasmid puc19. a clone has been selected harbouring the plasmid with included proximal fragment of hemagglutinin gene that contains the main antigenic determinants. the hybrid plasmid is hybridizable with rna of the hemagglutinin gene and with oligonucleotide catgcaaaaccttccc that ... | 1985 | 3916214 |
| antigenic variation of influenza a (h3n2) virus in relation to influenza epidemics in shanghai (1968-1977). | 1985 | 3922694 | |
| the demonstration of the influenza virus by the method of the immune electron microscopy. | the direct and indirect method of the immune electron microscopy (iem) was used for the identification of two influenza viruses of the type a--[strain a/chabarovsk/77 (h1n1) and a/texas/77 (h3n2)]--by means of reference specific rat- and human- convalescent sera. in the cross-testing different dilutions of the virus in the allantoic fluid and of the sera were examined for the determination of the appropriate rates for the formation of the immunocomplexes. in the demonstration of the immunocomple ... | 1985 | 3926876 |
| detection of type a and b influenza viruses in clinical materials by immunoelectronmicroscopy. | direct immunoelectronmicroscopy (iem) was used for detecting influenza subtype a(h1n1), a(h3n2) and type b viruses in nasopharyngeal washings or swabs collected during three consecutive periods of enhanced influenza incidence. virus identification was performed with immune rat sera and in the case of the a(h3n2) subtype also with convalescent human sera. in all the materials examined influenza virus was demonstrated by isolation in chick embryos or by immunofluorescence in infected tissue cultur ... | 1985 | 2859758 |
| antibodies to new variants of subtype a(h3 n2) influenza virus in pigs. | following an explosive epidemic of a(h3n2) influenza among the human population of czechoslovakia in 1983, haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies (titre range 10-640) against strains a/texas/77, a/bangkok/79 and a/philipines 2/83 were detected in 93% of sera collected from 135 pigs on three farms. only 6.6% of sera were negative. anti-neuraminidase antibodies were detected at rates of 81% and 23% in two and one of the herds, respectively. antibodies against a/rnp were demonstrated by the immuno ... | 1985 | 2860799 |
| subunit influenza virus vaccine grippovac se-azh (vaccination of adults). | grippovac se-azh a polytype, subunit influenza virus vaccine containing h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains and one influenza b virus strain has been tested in 80 volunteers. the trials demonstrated the harmlessness, the absence of adverse reactions, and except of the b type, the high antigenicity of vaccine preparation when administered in two injections. the optimal dose of each viral strain haemagglutinin (ha) was 15 micrograms in 0.5 ml. | 1985 | 2864825 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the rapid diagnosis of influenza a and b virus infections by immunofluorescence. | mouse monoclonal antibodies, directed against antigenic sites on influenza a and b viruses and found to be type-specific in an immunoassay, were assessed for use as diagnostic reagents in an indirect immunofluorescence assay on nasopharyngeal secretions. the influenza a antibodies were directed against nucleoprotein or matrix protein antigens and the influenza b antibodies against nucleoprotein and haemagglutinin antigens. the influenza a anti-matrix monoclonal antibody was found to give a stron ... | 1985 | 2865418 |
| the variability of genes of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains isolated in the g.d.r. during the 1970-1978 epidemic seasons. | gene variability of all influenza a virus strains (h3n2) isolated in the g.d.r. during the epidemic seasons of 1970-1978 was investigated by crna:vrna hybridization. from 1970 through 1975 a gradual smooth variability of the majority of genes and moderate heterogeneity in gene homology of the isolates were observed. from 1975 through 1977 the genome variability was more profound and the isolates differed from one another in gene homology. in 1978 the variability became less pronounced again. qua ... | 1985 | 2869657 |
| studies on the stability of t mutant of influenza virus. | the t 30 degrees c mutant of a port chalmers 1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus passaged in cotton rats was reisolated. the original mutant and the reisolated virus were compared, the following parameters being tested: na activity, ha titer, sensitivity of na and ha to proteolytic enzymes, detergents and temperature, and michaelis constant of na. no differences were found in the parameters tested, thus suggesting that features of the mutant remained stable after passage in the susceptible animal organi ... | 1985 | 2579526 |
| morphology and antigenicity studies on reassortant influenza (h3n2) viruses for use in inactivated vaccines. | three influenza a (h3n2) reassortant whole virus vaccine strains with differing antibody-inducing capacities in hamsters were investigated morphologically and antigenically. although initial measurements of virion circumference, from electron micrographs of vaccine preparations, suggested a relationship of small virion size with low immunogenicity, subsequent immunization with, and morphological investigation of, vaccine virions separated on sucrose gradients, failed to obtain populations whose ... | 1985 | 2580887 |
| location of influenza virus m, np and ns1 proteins in microinjected cells. | when microinjected as cloned dna, the nucleoprotein (np) of influenza virus a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) accumulated in the nuclei of xenopus laevis oocytes, and cultured cells of rodent and primate origin. this accumulation appeared to be specific and a property of the np itself (or conceivably np in association with unknown cellular constituents) since no other influenza virus components were present in dna-injected cells. in the oocyte nucleus, clonally derived np achieved an eightfold concentration ove ... | 1985 | 2932535 |
| [virological and pathomorphological study of an influenzal infection in children 1982-1983]. | in the interepidemic period of 1982-1983, acute respiratory viral infections and pneumonias in infants in alma-ata were in 40.2% of cases etiologically associated with influenza infection. in the studied period in alma-ata and during an epidemic outbreak of influenza in kzyl-orda (march, 1983), two influenza a virus subtypes, h1n1 and h3n2, were in circulation. in a number of cases these subtypes were isolated from the same infants. | 1985 | 2932855 |
| detection of viral and chlamydial antigens in open-lung biopsy specimens. | the recovery of viruses and chlamydia trachomatis from cell cultures and the detection of their antigens in impression smears prepared from open-lung biopsy (olb) specimens from immunocompromised adults were compared. touch impression smears were prepared on three slides, each containing eight wells. olb tissue was homogenized (stomacher) and inoculated into mrc-5, primary monkey kidney, and mccoy cell cultures. the direct and indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests were used to detect antigens t ... | 1985 | 2983526 |
| clinical-histopathological correlations in experimental otitis media: implications for silent otitis media in humans. | clinical-histopathological correlations were sought in an experimental animal model of otitis media. among 20 chinchillas inoculated intranasally with wildtype influenza a/alaska virus (h3n2) and type 7f streptococcus pneumoniae, 15 animals (18 ears) developed otoscopic and tympanometric signs of otitis media with middle ear effusion. middle ear inflammation was most intense 10 days after virus inoculation. twenty-two days after virus inoculation, eight ears showed diffuse middle ear histopathol ... | 1985 | 2987783 |
| epidemiological features of influenza in a large town of romania during 1983. | data supplied by the active influenza surveillance - including clinical, epidemiological and laboratory investigations - allowed the characterization of the particularities of an influenza outbreak caused by a(h3n2) virus in a large town of romania in march 1983. the epidemiological impact of influenza in 1983 is discussed in the light of the complex relationships between the antigenic structure of circulating influenza strains and the profile of antiinfluenza immunity of the population. | 1985 | 2988190 |
| prevalence of hong kong (h3n2) influenza virus-antibody in swine. | 1985 | 2995716 | |
| epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine in belgium due to h3n2 influenza virus and experimental reproduction of disease. | in belgium, influenza virus was isolated from swine in 22 epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine during 1984. in 8 of the epizootics, h3n2 influenza virus, related to the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain, was isolated. intratracheal inoculation of the isolates induced clinical signs. it was concluded that the a/port chalmers/1/73 strain was established in the belgian swine population and was responsible for the epizootics of respiratory tract disease in swine. | 1985 | 2413789 |
| the nucleoprotein as a possible major factor in determining host specificity of influenza h3n2 viruses. | in an attempt to assess the importance of the nucleoprotein (np) in the determination of host specificity, a series of experiments was performed on influenza a viruses of the h3n2 subtype. we have examined rescue of mutants of a/fpv/rostock/34 with temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in the nucleoprotein (np) gene by double infection of chick embryo cells with h3n2 strains isolated from different species. the ts mutants could be rescued by all avian h3n2 strains but not by any of the human h3n2 i ... | 1985 | 2416114 |
| arrest of daudi cell growth by inactive influenza virus in-vitro. | we investigated the destructive capability of three influenza a strains, victoria, pr8, and their recombinant x47, against the human lymphoma cell line daudi. both victoria and x47 strains share the same envelope glycoproteins (h3n2), while pr8, the second parental strain of x47, differs in its envelope glycoproteins (hon1). the h3n2 strains and particularly the x47 recombinant were cytotoxic to daudi cells while the hon1 strain was not. to reduce the virulence of the oncolytic viruses, we inact ... | 1985 | 2419962 |
| [isolation of the influenza virus from the tree sparrow and a study of the infectivity of this virus in wild birds of the central dnieper river area]. | an influenza virus belonging to the serovariant a/h3n2 and registered as a/sparrow/ukraine/83 was isolated from a member of synanthropic birds, a tree sparrow, near kanev. this virus showed low pathogenicity and immunologic activity in experimental infection of sparrows and other birds. sera from a number of avian and mammal species had antibodies to this virus which indicates that synanthropic and semi-synanthropic birds may be a connecting link in spread of influenza virus. | 1985 | 2420068 |
| peptide maps of t mutant of influenza virus. | peptide maps were prepared by high-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography for t 30 degrees c mutant and the original strain a port chalmers 1/73 h3n2 of influenza virus. clear differences in the distribution and number of spots between the mutant and the original strain were found. the differences are due presumably to changes in the amino-acid sequences. | 1985 | 2421538 |
| [heterogeneity of monospecific antibodies to the hemagglutinin of influenza virus h3n2 studied by radioimmunological analysis]. | heterogeneity of antibodies against influenza virus hemagglutinin has been confirmed. various subpopulations of antibodies to the a/khabarovsk/15/76 hemagglutinin were demonstrated some of which showed greater affinity to mrc-11 hemagglutinin than to the ha of the strain inducing this antibody synthesis. apparently subpopulations of antibodies with low affinity to their "own" epitopes in the hemagglutinin-immunogen may develop which, however, may show a sufficiently high affinity to these epitop ... | 1984 | 6084896 |
| prevalence of antibodies against respiratory viruses in children of koulikoro (mali). | the prevalence of antibodies to viruses associated with respiratory illnesses (influenza, corona, r.s., adeno, parainfluenza mycoplasma pneumoniae) has been investigated in 119 children under 3 years of age (koulikoro region mali) and 50 persons 15-19 years of age (bamako/mali). in the surveillance period (march 1982-september 1982) an outbreak of respiratory disease in association with rs virus took place. a rise of cf titer has been found in 90.8% of the children; 59.1% of them presented a fou ... | 1984 | 6087520 |
| cytotoxic t cell recognition of the influenza nucleoprotein and hemagglutinin expressed in transfected mouse l cells. | l cells expressing either the a/nt/60/68 nucleoprotein or the a/pr/8/34 (h1) hemagglutinin by dna mediated gene transfer were used to investigate recognition by influenza a specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl). a subpopulation of ctl that recognized the h1 hemagglutinin was detected in mice primed with either a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or a/jap/305/57 (h2n2) influenza viruses. however, neither ctl from mice primed with a/nt/60/68 (h3n2) nor the recombinant virus x31 (h3n2) showed any activity on l cells ... | 1984 | 6091906 |
| advantage of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza a virus over inactivated vaccine for a/washington/80 (h3n2) wild-type virus infection. | the efficacy of live attenuated cold-adapted (ca) reassortant influenza virus vaccine against experimental challenge with homologous wild-type virus 5 to 8 weeks after vaccination was compared with that of licensed inactivated vaccine in 81 seronegative (haemagglutination-inhibition antibody titre less than or equal to 1:8) college students. at a dose of 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) (70 hid50, human 50% infectious doses) the live virus vaccine, given intranasally, complete ... | 1984 | 6143042 |
| antiviral activity of aryl-furfurane derivatives. | of 27 aryl-furfurane derivatives (afd) studied, 13 compounds were found to have antiviral activity against echo 6, herpes simplex, vaccinia, and influenza a/hong kong/1/68 (h3n2) viruses, the highest inhibition being observed with echo 6 virus. the maximum tolerated concentrations (matc) of afd inhibited the macromolecular syntheses in echo 6 virus-infected cell cultures. | 1984 | 6143495 |
| location of ts defects in the genome of cold-adapted recombinant influenza a virus vaccine strains. | the ts phenotype and location of ts mutations were studied in the genome of parent viruses and those obtained by recombination of cold-adapted strains a/leningrad/134/17/57 or a/leningrad/134/47/57 with epidemic h1n1 and h3n2 influenza a virus strains. the epidemic h1n1 and h3n2 strains under study possessed a ts phenotype and contained ts mutations in one or two genes. the ts phenotype was lost following three clonings at 40 degrees c, suggesting that influenza virus strains isolated from human ... | 1984 | 6147996 |
| the intestine of ferret--a possible site of influenza virus replication. | anal virus shedding and stimulation of the immune response were observed in ferrets after oral and rectal administration of influenza a/hongkong/1/68 (h3n2) virus. despite of the low ph in the stomach, the virus had reached the intestines after oral administration and was found in high concentration in faeces and in mucosal cells lining the colon. using immunofluorescent staining, the virus antigen was detected in cytoplasm of columnar epithelial cells. virus replication also occurred in the res ... | 1984 | 6148853 |
| genome analysis of epidemic influenza virus strains isolated in 1979-1983. | comparative studies on the electrophoretic mobility of double-stranded rna segments constructed of the genome of isolates under study and of reference influenza virus strains of respective serotypes are suggestive for the evolution of majority of the genes of both a and b influenza viruses, including their genes coding for non-glycosylated proteins. among influenza a and b virus strains which were circulating during the same epidemic, there were variants differing from each other in a number of ... | 1984 | 6152126 |
| from the national institutes of health. summary of a meeting on the origin of pandemic influenza viruses. | influenza type a virus periodically undergoes major antigenic shifts in which the hemagglutinin (hag) and sometimes the neuraminidase (na) antigens are replaced by hag and na antigens of another subtype. three such shifts have taken place since the virus was first isolated, and all appear to have occurred in china. the way in which these "new" influenza type a viruses suddenly appear (or reappear) in the human population is not known. at a meeting held in beijing, china, on november 10-12, 1982, ... | 1984 | 6198405 |
| most influenza a virus-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocytes react with antigenic epitopes associated with internal virus determinants. | this paper shows that most murine (c57bl/6) influenza a virus-specific memory cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) clones tested in limiting dilution did not react with the influenza a virus surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na). this lysis of syngeneic target cells infected with the influenza a virus strains, aichi (h3n2), pr8 (h1n1), or recombinant strain x31 (h3n2) indicates that most antigenic epitopes recognized are associated with internal virus determinants. x31 and pr8 ... | 1984 | 6198430 |
| suppression of influenza virus replication in infected mice by protease inhibitors. | administration of the protease inhibitors, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or aprotinins, to mice infected with mouse-adapted influenza virus strain a/pr/8/34 (hon1) and a/aichi/2/68 (h3n2) reduced virus replication in the lungs. up to 100-fold reduction of virus titre and virus-induced neuraminidase activity were revealed in mouse lungs under protease inhibitor treatment. as a result, drug-treated mice rapidly cleared the virus from their lungs. the predominant synthesis was of non-infectious virions ... | 1984 | 6198446 |
| recognition of influenza a virus nucleoprotein by an h-2-restricted cytotoxic t-cell clone. | cytotoxic t-cell clones raised against x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus in c57bl/6 mice can be directed against an influenza a virus subtype specific determinant (1). a representative t-cell clone (a3.1) has been used in combination with a set of genetically typed recombinant viruses, to show that the a/pr/8/34 nucleoprotein can be responsible for cytotoxic t-lymphocyte recognition of infected target cells. | 1984 | 6200990 |
| [combined use of interferon inducers and recombinant influenza viruses for protection from the disease]. | the data on the use of national interferon inducers ( polyguacyl and double-stranded rna) in combination with original h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses and recombinant strains with the same antigenic properties in laboratory animals are presented. recombinants were found to produce a more marked effect: 3--6-fold increased protection of mice depending on the interferon inducer, higher titres of interferon and antibody, than the original influenza viruses. a simultaneous use of interferon inducers ... | 1984 | 6203227 |
| an antigenic map of the haemagglutinin of the influenza hong kong subtype (h3n2), constructed using mouse monoclonal antibodies. | panels of monoclonal antibodies were raised to the haemagglutinin of strains of the hong kong subtype of influenza (h3n2), namely hong kong 1968, england 1972, port chalmers 1973, victoria 1975 and texas 1977. the probable binding sites of individual antibodies in each panel were determined by correlation of cross-reactivity with 16 heterologous strains from the same subtype, and amino acid differences between their haemagglutinin molecules. this led to an approximation of the "average repertoir ... | 1984 | 6205255 |
| metaplasia of the lung respiratory epithelium and antibody dynamics in mice repeatedly infected with various subtypes of influenza virus a. | mice were repeatedly infected with consecutive doses of mouse-adapted strains of influenza virus a hon1, h1n1, h2n2, and h3n2. homo- and heterologous antibody levels as well as the incidence of metaplasia were followed. statistically significant correlation was found between the metaplasia incidence and higher level of antibodies homologous to virus used for a given challenge dose. | 1984 | 6205549 |
| the dynamics of serum antibodies and metaplasia of the lung respiratory epithelium in influenza-virus-preimmunized mice subjected to immunosuppression. | mice preimmunized with influenza virus a scotland 840/74 h3n2 were given cyclophosphamide or hydrocortisone, then challenged with the same active virus. serum antibody levels and metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium were followed for the next two weeks. administration of the immunosuppressors was found to decrease antibody levels, and to delay the appearance of metaplasia by 7 days as compared with controls. | 1984 | 6205551 |
| the influenza a virus nucleoprotein gene controls the induction of both subtype specific and cross-reactive cytotoxic t cells. | using genetically typed recombinant influenza a viruses that differ only in their genes for nucleoprotein, we have demonstrated that repeated stimulation in vitro of c57bl/6 spleen cells primed in vivo with e61-13-h17 (h3n2) virus results in the selection of a population of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) whose recognition of infected target cells maps to the gene for nucleoprotein of the 1968 virus. influenza a viruses isolated between 1934 and 1979 fall into two groups defined by their ability t ... | 1984 | 6206181 |
| [inhibition of the hemolytic activity of influenza viruses by antibody]. | haemolysis caused by influenza viruses is known to occur below ph 6; the ph-optimum for each virus strain is different. clear dose-effect correlations were found to prevail between the amount of haemolysis and virus concentration. antibody-mediated inhibition of haemolysis has been investigated with the strain a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and the recombinant x-73 (h3n2). inhibition of haemolysis by antisera against different influenza. a virus subtypes suggests that haemolysis inhibiting antibodies are not ... | 1984 | 6207814 |
| antigenic analyses of influenza virus haemagglutinins with different receptor-binding specificities. | monoclonal antibodies were used to compare the antigenicities of the haemagglutinins of two receptor binding mutants of x-31 (h3n2) influenza virus. the mutants which differed from each other in recognizing sialic acid in either alpha 2-6 linkage or alpha 2-3 linkage to galactose also differed exclusively at residue 226 of the ha1 polypeptides of their haemagglutinins (g. n. rogers, j. c. paulson, r. s. daniels, j. j. skehel, i. a. wilson, and d. c. wiley, nature (london) 304, 76-78, 1983). the ... | 1984 | 6208680 |
| [circulation of influenza a virus (h3n2) and its role in the occurrence of epidemics 1976-1981]. | in 1976-1981 the etiology of influenza epidemics was mixed, influenza viruses a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and b taking part in them simultaneously. the active circulation of influenza virus strains with different antigenic structures was established: influenza virus a(h3n2) circulated in 1976, and since november 1977 simultaneous spread of influenza viruses a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) was observed, the epidemic activity of strain a(h3n2) being noticeably decreased during this period; in the autumn and winter month ... | 1984 | 6231786 |