Publications

susceptibility of pneumocystis carinii to a pichia anomala killer toxin.		1994	7804202
sodium transport inhibitors decrease proliferation of pneumocystis carinii in short-term culture.		1994	7804203
uptake and metabolism of fluorescent lipid analogs by pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804204
a technique for cloning the telomeres and subtelomeric regions from pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804206
antigenic differences among genetically distinct types of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804207
chromosomal organization of msg antigen genes of rat pneumocystis carinii: tandem repeat and unique 5' utr sequence encoding intron.		1994	7804208
detection of dna sequences identical to pneumocystis carinii in samples of ambient air.		1994	7804209
chromosomal localization of 20 genes to five distinct pulsed field gel karyotypic forms of rat pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804210
genetic diversity of pneumocystis carinii from different host species at the beta-tubulin gene locus and at the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rrna gene cluster.		1994	7804211
coinfection of rats with genetically diverse forms of pneumocystis carinii demonstrated by p. carinii inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase gene polymorphism.		1994	7804212
assessment of pneumocystis carinii dna content.		1994	7804214
revised nomenclature for pneumocystis carinii. the pneumocystis workshop.		1994	7804215
pneumocystis carinii: what is it and from whence does it come?		1994	7804216
comparison of the antigenic recognition of the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii isolated from different rat strains.		1994	7804270
identification of two genetically distinct strains of pneumocystis carinii in infected ferret lungs.		1994	7804271
purine metabolism in pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804272
pneumocystis carinii detected in air.		1994	7804273
measurement of protein biosynthesis in pneumocystis carinii to investigate the effects of translation-specific inhibitors.		1994	7804274
use of fluorescent probes to investigate the metabolic state of pneumocystis carinii mitochondria.		1994	7804275
extent of fungal contamination in rat-derived pneumocystis carinii extracts and the effect on uptake of para-aminobenzoic acid.		1994	7804277
dna amplification of a portion of the phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) gene in pneumocystis carinii-enriched extracts.		1994	7804278
does pneumocystis carinii remain infectious in the bloodstream?		1994	7804281
identification of an epoxy fatty acid in pneumocystis carinii lipids.		1994	7804282
immuno electron microscopy of pneumocystis carinii exposed to a beta-1-3 glucan synthase inhibitor ly 302146.		1994	7804284
the composition of pneumocystis carinii phospholipids.		1994	7804286
effects of environmental factors and disinfectants on the survival of pneumocystis carinii outside the host.		1994	7804287
a preliminary characterization of the pneumocystis carinii dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.		1994	7804288
isoprenoid metabolism in pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804289
evaluation of procedures used to isolate pneumocystis carinii from infected rat lungs.		1994	7804290
phylogeny of pneumocystis carinii based on beta-tubulin sequence.		1994	7804291
accumulation of surfactant protein d in the lung during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1994	7804292
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for the major surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7804293
an experimental trial of artemether in treatment of pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed rats.	an immunosuppressed rat model was established by injecting cortisone acetate 25 mg/rat twice a week for 4 weeks and 12.5 mg/rat for another 2 weeks subcutaneously. a development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was found at the end of the 6th week in all rats. these rats were injected intramuscularly with artemether at 100 mg/kg once a day for 5 consecutive days. all rats were necropsied at the end of the 8th week. the lung impression smears were stained with gomori's stain, and pneumocys ...	1994	7805459
measurement of cellular microbicidal activity against pneumocystis carinii in vitro.	as pneumocystis carinii cysts cannot be cultivated for enumeration of colony forming cells, two alternative approaches to measuring killing of p. carinii by mouse peritoneal cells were investigated. the cells tested were either normal resident peritoneal cells, or cells which were elicited by intraperitoneal injection of the bacterium listeria monocytogenes. the latter population showed enhanced antibacterial activity against listeria organisms and enhanced production of h2o2 in the presence of ...	1994	7806265
2,4-diamino-5-chloroquinazoline analogues of trimetrexate and piritrexim: synthesis and antifolate activity.	ten heretofore undescribed 2,4-diamino-5-chloroquinazoline analogues of trimetrexate (tmq) and piritrexim (ptx) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from rat liver, pneumocystis carinii, and toxoplasma gondii. the most active quinazolines against both the p. carinii and the t. gondii enzyme were those with an arch2-nh or arnhch2 side chain. among arnh(ch2)n compounds with n = 1-3 and either 2',5'-dimethoxyphenyl or 3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl as the ar moiety ...	1994	7799402
pentamidine congeners. 2. 2-butene-bridged aromatic diamidines and diimidazolines as potential anti-pneumocystis carinii pneumonia agents.	we have synthesized cis and trans geometric isomers 1-8 as semirigid congeners of pentamidine. compounds 1-4 were more potent than pentamidine in treating pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. these compounds also demonstrated no clinical toxicity or histopathologic abnormalities. introduction of methoxy substituents meta to the amidine or imidazoline groups of the phenyl rings as in compounds 5-8 generally resulted in compounds with decreased anti-p. carinii activity and incr ...	1994	7799405
legionella and pneumocystis pneumonias in asthmatic children on high doses of systemic steroids.	asthma is increasingly treated as an inflammatory disease with inhaled and/or systemic corticosteroids. we report 3 cases of unusual pneumonias associated with high doses of oral steroids. two patients contracted legionella pneumonia and one patient contracted pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. with increasing usage, it is important for physicians to be aware of the possible infectious complications of high dose steroids. this report highlights the risk of corticosteroid treatment in asthma in pred ...	1994	7800428
[pulmonary infectious complications in hiv disease].	the spectrum of hiv-related pulmonary infectious and noninfectious complications has enlarged considerably during the past years. because clinical and radiological presentation is generally nonspecific the diagnostic workup should be straightforward. the diagnosis of the still most important complication, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, can often be achieved by examination of sputum. if this is not possible, the next diagnostic step is bronchoalveolar lavage. due to rapid diagnosis and treatment ...	1994	7801010
the role of two-segment bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections.	to determine if performing bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) from more than one lung segment augments the diagnostic yield in patients with pulmonary infection.	1994	7774312
mechanical ventilation for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1994	7774364
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in hiv-seropositive patients by identification of p carinii in pleural fluid.		1994	7774365
[serum activity of the lactate dehydrogenase enzyme in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection].	many patients with infection by the hiv show an increase in the levels of the lactodehydrogenase (lch) enzyme. in most of these cases, such increase has been associated to the presence of pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii. in order to analyze other possible causes of this increase, we conducted a study in which the clinical, analytical and immunological condition of a group of hiv+ patients with increased levels of ldh was compared to another group whose values were within normal limits.	1994	7734663
access to therapy in the multicenter aids cohort study, 1989-1992.	the study aims were (i) to describe secular trends in the utilization of antiretrovirals, antivirals, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, and antifungal prophylaxis and (ii) to determine whether factors such as clinical status, health services utilization, insurance status, income, education and race were associated with access to therapy. data on utilization of therapy, health services utilization, income and insurance status were collected semiannually from october 1990 through m ...	1994	7730902
the lung as a critical organ in marrow transplantation.	respiratory failure is the main cause of death in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (bmt). in this paper, clinical and research aspects as well as diagnostic, prophylactic and therapeutic strategies concerning the various forms of pulmonary and bronchial complications, which may evolve after bmt, are discussed. both cytomegalovirus (cmv)-induced interstitial pneumonia (pm) and the idiopathic pneumonia syndrome rarely occur in the cytopenic phase post-bmt. haematological reconstitut ...	1994	7728120
recent advances in the biology of pneumocystis carinii.		1994	7722788
severe cystic pulmonary disease associated with chronic pneumocystis carinii infection in a child with aids.	a 3-year-old hiv-positive boy developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) resulting in chronic interstitial pulmonary disease, which persisted for the following 3 years; he was essentially asymptomatic and the lung findings had therefore been attributed to lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (lip). he subsequently developed extensive cystic pulmonary disease, documented by ct, leading to recurrent pneumothorax and severe pulmonary insufficiency. lung biopsy revealed chronic pcp infection assoc ...	1994	7724292
characterization of the pnt1 pentamidine resistance gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae.	the saccharomyces cerevisiae pnt1 gene was isolated and characterized. when present in high copy number in s. cerevisiae, pnt1 confers resistance to the anti-pneumocystis carinii drug pentamidine. the pnt1 gene encodes a previously uncharacterized polypeptide of 409 amino acids. the predicted gene product is a very basic (pi 9.9) polypeptide with one potential membrane-associated region. pnt1 is located on chromosome xvr of s. cerevisiae. it is transcribed at a very low level. overexpression of ...	1994	7695273
terms used by nurses to describe patient problems: can snomed iii represent nursing concepts in the patient record?	to analyze the terms used by nurses in a variety of data sources and to test the feasibility of using snomed iii to represent nursing terms.	1994	7719788
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus following pentamidine therapy in a patient with aids.	pentamidine is known to cause severe dysglycaemia by damaging beta-cell function of the pancreas. the exact mechanism still remains unclear. we report the case of a 53-year-old man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus who developed insulin-dependent permanent diabetes mellitus 3 days after starting intravenous treatment with pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. discharged from hospital the daily need of insulin increased continuously over one year now requiring an average do ...	1994	7711409
pneumococcal parotitis and cervical lymph node abscesses in an hiv-infected patient.	the case of a 33-year-old patient with rapid onset of bilateral parotid gland and lymph node abscesses is described. the patient was positive for human immunodeficiency virus 1 and presented with a history of interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia and pneumococcal meningitis prior to admission. the patient received cotrimoxazole as primary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. fine needle aspiration from the abscesses yielded streptococcus pneumoniae. penicillin g treatment in combinat ...	1994	7711411
activity of terbinafine against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and its efficacy in the treatment of experimental pneumonia.	the antiprotozoan and antifungal agent, the terbinafine, was investigated for its potential activity against pneumocystis carinii infection of the a549 cell line culture and on immunosuppressed sprague dawley rats in comparison with trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and pentamidine isethionate. terbinafine suppressed p. carinii growth at doses up to 3 g/l within 24 h and it was able to inhibit cyst forms at 60 h post inoculation. with respect to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and pentamidine isethi ...	1994	7706168
prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients infected with hiv.	the fungus pneumocystis carinii, which rarely if ever causes illness in otherwise healthy people, can cause potentially fatal pneumonia in patients with defects of cell-mediated immunity resulting, for example, from chemotherapy or immunosuppression after organ transplantation. p. carinii pneumonia also occurs in up to 85% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), in many of whom it is the first manifestation of the disease. this article discusses the prevention and treatment o ...	1994	7654282
vitronectin, fibronectin, and gp120 antibody enhance macrophage release of tnf-alpha in response to pneumocystis carinii.	alveolar macrophages (ams) initiate inflammation during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by releasing cytokines including tnf-alpha. recent studies suggest that macrophage responses to p. carinii are enhanced by serum opsonization, but the mechanisms of enhancement are not well defined. to determine whether macrophage release of tnf-alpha in response to p. carinii was augmented by immune opsonization, alveolar macrophages obtained from rabbits were cultured with p. carinii that had been opsonized ...	1994	7512599
[monthly question. should prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia be done in patients with inflammatory skin diseases treated by corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive agents?].		1994	7702290
multi-gene family of major surface glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii: full-size cdna cloning and expression.	the major surface glycoprotein (msg) of pneumocystis carinii plays a crucial role in the fatal pneumonia caused by this organism in aids patients. a cdna encoding a full-length msg polypeptide was isolated from a lambda library of rat-derived p. carinii cdnas. the deduced msg, referred to as the msg5 subtype, is a 120,765-da protein composed of 1,076 amino acids and contains an anchoring hydrophobic sequence at the c-terminus of the protein. sequence analyses of cloned msg-cdnas revealed an msg- ...	1994	7584029
[cd4+ lymphocytes and opportunistic infections and neoplasms in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection].	the cd4+ lymphocytes are the principal target cell for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). their depletion originates a very severe cell immunosuppression, which conditions the appearance of opportunistic infections and neoplasms characteristic of aids. the aim of this study was to evaluate whether there is a relation between the degree of cell immunosuppression and the type of opportunistic infections and neoplasms which these patients develop in spain.	1994	7646597
[disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection: clinico-pathologic findings in an aids patient].	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequent cause of death in aids patients. systemic diffusion of this microorganism is a rare event, mostly reported in patients receiving prophylactic aerosol therapy. the case here described is relative to a 29 years old man with aids, dead short by after hospital admission. radiological and ecoscan examinations revealed structural subversion of liver and spleen, with frequent parenchymal calcification. post mortem histological examination of lun ...	1994	7617399
epidemic aids-related kaposi's sarcoma in southern africa: experience at the johannesburg general hospital (1980-1990).	epidemic acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related kaposi's sarcoma (aks) in tropical and southern africa is a highly varied neoplastic disease, characterized by multifocal mucocutaneous, lymphatic and visceral involvement. it follows a clinical course similar to aks in europe and the usa. however, lack of adequate medical facilities in many african countries hampers successful palliation of this fatal disease. in this retrospective analysis, we summarize our experience with 52 patients with a ...	1994	7570833
msg gene cluster encoding major cell surface glycoproteins of rat pneumocystis carinii.	the msg genes of pneumocystis carinii encode major cell surface glycoproteins of multi-gene families and play crucial roles in the pathobiology of p. carinii pneumocystosis. the 11,370-bp chromosomal dna encoding msg was cloned and sequenced. it contained three open reading frames in tandem repeat, msg99, msg100 and orf-3. msg99 and msg100 shared 39% protein sequence identity and belonged to the same msg family, regardless of the internal ca. 1,000-bp deletion in msg99. orf-3 encodes a putative ...	1994	8535973
opportunistic infections in aids patients. current management and prevention.	the number of drugs available for treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections in patients who are seropositive for hiv infection is limited, although some agents currently being studied show promise. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the most common opportunistic infection, can be effectively managed, although prophylaxis must be continued indefinitely. because an increased incidence of tuberculosis is associated with hiv infection, the emergence of strains that are resistant to multiple ...	1994	8278302
when to initiate anti pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment?		1994	8289493
cytomegalovirus-infected cells in a pleural effusion from an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. a case report.	cells with typical cytomegalovirus (cmv) inclusion bodies were found in smears of a pleural effusion from a 51-year-old acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient. he suffered from severe, generalized cmv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicated by recurrent pneumothorax. cmv infection was proven by a positive immunohistochemical reaction. cytologic demonstration of cmv-infected cells in a pleural effusion has not been reported before to the best of our knowledge.	1994	8291358
occurrence of specific sterols in pneumocystis carinii.	we have examined the sterol composition and biosynthesis of rat pneumocystis carinii. we found a number of lipid components among the nonsaponifiable fraction that appear unique to p. carinii. these lipids are present in p. carinii purified preparations and p. carinii-infected whole lungs but absent from control lungs. they show chromatographic properties typical of sterols on gc and hplc; they are present in free and esterified sterol fractions isolated by thin layer chromatography, they are pr ...	1994	8292026
talc pleurodesis during videothoracoscopy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia-related pneumothorax. a new technique.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients represents a growing problem for chest physicians. for thoracic surgeons, spontaneous pneumothorax and recurrent or persistent pneumothoraces can complicate this disease, requiring surgical intervention. minimally invasive videothoracoscopy has now become a standard form of surgery for these patients, and we present a technique of talc insufflation that we believe is safe, simple, cost-effective, and reliable.	1994	8275765
lobar pentamidine levels and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following aerosolized pentamidine.	recent studies have suggested that failure of pentamidine prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) may be due to reduced deposition of pentamidine in the upper lobes. in this study, we performed bronchoalveolar lavage from the apical segment of the upper lobe and the middle lobe in 51 hiv-positive patients, all of whom were receiving prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine, who had presented with acute respiratory symptoms. lavage fluid from each lobe was assayed for pentamidine ...	1994	8275783
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human macrophages modulates the cytokine response to pneumocystis carinii.	the present studies examined production of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), and il-6 by human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to pneumocystis carinii in vitro and the impact of concurrent macrophage infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) on these cytokine responses. macrophages were infected with the hiv-1 bal monocytotropic strain for 10 to 14 days and then exposed to p. carinii. at various times following p. carinii ...	1994	8300221
evidence for pneumocystis carinii binding to a cell-free substrate: role of the adhesive protein fibronectin.	attachment of pneumocystis carinii organisms to the alveolar epithelium is probably a prerequisite for the initiation of p. carinii infection. previous studies have demonstrated a role for the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin in mediating attachment of p. carinii organisms to cultured alveolar cells; however, these studies could not clearly distinguish the role of fibronectin binding to p. carinii organisms and fibronectin binding to the alveolar cells. the current study demonstrates the ...	1994	8301204
clostridium difficile colitis associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given as prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1994	8304370
comparison of corticosteroid- and l3t4+ antibody-immunosuppressed mouse models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for evaluation of drugs and leukocytes.	an immunologically immunosuppressed mouse model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia using antibody developed by dialynas et al. (immunol. rev. 74:29-55, 1983) directed to l3t4+ t cells (referred to as l3t4+ antibody) was compared with a corticosteroid-immunosuppressed mouse model. corticosteroid- or l3t4+ antibody-immunosuppressed balb/c mice transtracheally inoculated with p. carinii developed severe infections within 5 weeks after inoculation and responded to treatments with an echinocandin b an ...	1994	8556494
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. how invasive?		1994	8131517
sputum induction compared with bronchoalveolar lavage by ballard catheter to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	specimens from sputum induction (si) are often of insufficient volume or have poor diagnostic yield for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the ballard catheter for bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is a disposable bal device which is passed transnasally into the airway and wedged by sensation. thirty consecutive episodes (21 inpatient and 9 outpatient) in 28 patients positive for hiv (15 with aids) were studied with si and bal at a tertiary-care university hospital. six sis yielde ...	1994	8131546
treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection and its associated complications in children.	providing care to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. this review will address the current status of supportive care, treatment of hiv-associated complications and specific antiretroviral therapy. hiv affects multiple locations in the body resulting in a myriad of possible complications. these include opportunistic infections and malignancies secondary to immunodeficiency and central nervous system or other specific organ-rel ...	1994	8132847
serum p24 antigen level as an intermediate end point in clinical trials of zidovudine in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. aids clinical trials group virology laboratories.	serum p24 antigen levels were examined in subjects from three clinical trials of zidovudine to determine whether the pattern of change in serum p24 antigen during the first 8-16 weeks of therapy was associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) disease progression or death. among 406 patients with aids and a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 65% had measurable pretreatment concentrations of serum p24 antigen (> or = 10 pg/ml). changes during treatment were not associ ...	1994	8133085
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in vertically acquired hiv infection in the british isles.	in order to review the clinical course, laboratory findings, and outcome of children with vertically acquired hiv infection and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, questionnaires were sent to paediatricians in the british isles who had reported p carinii pneumonia and hiv infection through the british paediatric surveillance unit (bpsu). paediatric reports from the bpsu are linked to reports of pregnancies in hiv positive women and laboratory reports. p carinii pneumonia was the most frequently repo ...	1994	8135571
[bronchopulmonary lesions in cases of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cgvhd)].	we have studied bronchopulmonary lesions that developed in 3 allogeneic bone marrow recipients between days 120 and 250 post-transplant. two cases had extensive chronic gvhd at the time of onset. all patients complained of low-grade fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. the bronchopulmonary lesions were characterized by hypoxemia with increased aado2 and bilateral multiple noncircumscribed interstitial shadows on chest ct scan. broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) showed elevated numbers of lympho ...	1994	8139098
[survival of patients following the diagnosis of aids in the amsterdam region, 1982-1991].	to evaluate the survival of 975 aids patients diagnosed in the amsterdam region between 1982 and 1991, with follow-up until december 31st, 1992.	1994	8139710
efficient diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	in patients with hiv infection the diagnosis of pcp is relatively simple when patients present late, with advanced pneumonia. the diagnosis becomes more difficult when patients present with minimal symptoms, are receiving specific prophylactic therapy or have had previous aids-related pulmonary diseases. a number of non-invasive tests, such as gallium scanning, exercise-induced hypoxaemia, dtpa scanning and lung function testing have been developed to improve on the diagnostic value of clinical ...	1994	8142519
managing early hiv infection. agency for health care policy and research.	this quick reference guide for clinicians contains highlights from the clinical practice guideline on evaluation and management of early hiv infection, which was developed by a private-sector panel of health care providers and consumers. selected aspects of evaluating and managing patients, both adults and children, who are in the early stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection are presented. topics covered include disclosure of hiv status, monitoring of cd4 lymphocyte counts, prevention ...	1994	8142962
lung cavitation associated with pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a report of six cases and review of the literature.	lung cavitation in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has mainly been reported as single case studies. among 160 episodes of pcp seen in a 1,000 bed teaching hospital and a 600 bed teaching hospital from 1985-1992, we found six cases presenting with lung cavitation and documented pneumocystis carinii infection. in the cases we report, as well as in the cases reviewed, cavities appear either alone or within an area of pulmonary co ...	1994	8143812
laterocervical lymphadenitis caused by pneumocystis carinii in a patient with aids.		1994	8144149
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1994	8151935
fractionation of pneumocystis carinii developmental stages by counterflow centrifugal elutriation and sequential filtrations.	immunomagnetic sorting, sequential filtrations, and counterflow centrifugal elutriation were compared for their ability to obtain enriched populations of pneumocystis carinii developmental stages from infected rat-lung homogenates. elutriation combined with sequential filtrations resulted in highly (> 95%) enriched populations of p. carinii cysts and trophozoites with excellent viability. this approach offers advantages over previously described methods of obtaining enriched p. carinii cell popu ...	1994	8153118
dilemmas in the prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has been the most common life-threatening opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with a better understanding of the natural history of hiv infection, however, we have come to realize that prophylaxis against p carinii can prevent the majority of such pneumonias. in this article, i focus on the rationale behind such prophylaxis, as well as the choices and dilemmas the clinician faces in deciding on the most appropriate therapy a ...	1994	8153765
splenic infection simulating lymphoma: an unusual presentation of disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection.	this report of disseminated pneumocystosis in an hiv-infected patient describes an unusual presentation consisting of splenic disease mimicking lymphoma, absence of typical roentgenographic signs of pulmonary or disseminated pneumocystis, and absence of use of aerosolized pentamidine. because of these factors, a diagnosis of disseminated pneumocystosis was not considered. our case in combination with other recent reports emphasizes the need to consider disseminated pneumocystosis in hiv-infected ...	1994	8153786
disseminated cryptococcal disease complicating steroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids.	recent studies have suggested that steroid therapy may reduce the morbidity and mortality of hiv-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a select population of patients. however, the risks of steroid therapy for this group have not been well defined. we describe the case of a patient admitted with severe pcp whose treatment included high-dose steroids. during his hospitalization, overwhelming cryptococcal disease developed, contributing to his death. we postulate that the rapidity of ...	1994	8153787
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus aerosolized pentamidine for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. lfpmi study group. ligue française de prévention des maladies infectieuses.	the objective was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of monthly aerosolized pentamidine versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) to prevent the first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. in an open, prospective, randomized multicentric clinical trial, hiv-infected patients (n = 214) with cd4 cell counts < 200/mm3 or 20% without a history of pcp or cerebral toxoplasmosis were randomized to receive for at least 2 years ae ...	1994	8158539
respiratory failure in pregnancy due to pneumocystis carinii: report of a successful outcome.	the incidence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is rising rapidly among women of reproductive age. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during pregnancy may be the first manifestation of hiv infection. if respiratory failure ensures, the outcome has been reported as almost invariably fatal.	1994	8159362
a simple method of bronchoalveolar lavage.	twenty-eight ventilated paediatric intensive care patients, mean age 4.1 +/- 4 years, who had had a simple method of nonbronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (nb-bal) performed were reviewed. the nb-bal technique involved blindly wedging a 5 or 8f infant feeding catheter endobronchially and lavaging one millilitre per kg saline using a syringe. adequate samples were collected in 87% of the nb-bal specimens. in two of the four inadequate specimens, pneumocystis carinii was still able to be identif ...	1994	8160951
aerosolized pentamidine for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: what is the correct dose?		1994	8161641
diagnosis of localized pneumocystis carinii and aspergillus growth in two hiv-infected patients by ultrasonically guided percutaneous lung biopsy.	the diagnostic value of ultrasonic (us) examinations followed by us-guided needle biopsy in the differential diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary infiltrates is demonstrated examining two patients with aids-related pulmonary infiltrates. ultraso-guided needle biopsy was performed after thoracic radiograph, computed tomography, and bronchoscopy could not confirm a diagnosis. biopsy specimens obtained via us-guided needle biopsy revealed local pneumocystis carinii (case 1) and chronic aspergillus pne ...	1994	8162775
atovaquone as prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1994	8163822
classical and nonclassical furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel antifolates: synthesis and biological activities.	classical antifolate analogues containing a novel furo[2,3-d]pyrimidine ring system which include n-[4-[n-[(2,4-diaminofuro[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5- yl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (1) and its n-9 methyl analogue 2 were synthesized as potential dual inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (ts) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as antitumor agents. four nonclassical antifolates, 2,4-diamino-5-(anilinomethyl)furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 3-6 with 3,4,5-trimethoxy, 3,4,5-trichloro, 3,4-dichloro, and 2, ...	1994	8164259
conserved sequence homology of cysteine-rich regions in genes encoding glycoprotein a in pneumocystis carinii derived from different host species.	pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein a (gpa) exhibits host species-specific phenotypic and genotypic variation. despite this heterogeneity, the gpas of p. carinii isolated from different host species appear to be homologous molecules sharing certain biochemical and antigenic characteristics. using two degenerate oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved cysteine regions from ferret and rat p. carinii gpas, a pcr product of approximately 300 bp was amplified from ferret, ra ...	1994	8168913
differential effect on serum neopterin and serum beta 2-microglobulin is induced by treatment in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	forty-three human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled in a study of adjunctive corticosteroid treatment for 10 days versus placebo, in addition to antimicrobial treatment. levels of neopterin and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) were determined in consecutive serum samples. initiation of antimicrobial treatment resulted in significantly increased neopterin levels, whereas beta 2m levels slightly decreased from pretreatment levels. in pat ...	1994	8169417
variant forms of a group i intron in nuclear small-subunit rrna genes of the marine red alga porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia.	a group ic1 intron occurs in nuclear small-subunit (18s) ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) genes of the marine red alga porphyra spiralis var. amplifolia. this intron occurs at the same position as the self-splicing group ic1 introns in nuclear ssu rdnas of the fungus pneumocystis carinii and in the green alga chlorella ellipsoidea and shares sequence identity with the pneumocystis carinii intron in domains l1, p1, p2, and l2, outside the conserved core. three size variants, differing in amount of sequen ...	1994	8170361
dapsone prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.		1994	8170743
67ga scintigraphy in hiv antibody positive patients; a review of its clinical usefulness.	we reviewed the results of 67ga scintigraphy in hiv antibody positive patients in order to determine how the result affected management. case records of 37 hiv antibody positive patients undergoing 41 67ga scintigraphic studies over a 31 month period were examined. new and additional information was provided by 67ga scintigraphy in 22 studies (53%). in 13 studies (32%) there was a positive effect on patient management. 67ga scintigraphy was most useful in differentiating pneumocystis carinii pne ...	1994	8173875
[adjuvant corticoid administration within the scope of hiv disease. indications in wasting syndrome and other diseases within the scope of aids].	while at the start of the aids epidemic, corticosteroids were considered to be contraindicated, about 10 indications have since been identified for the specific use of glucocorticoids in hiv infection. some of these indications have already been confirmed in controlled scientific studies, for example, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or hiv-induced high-grade non-hodgkin's lymphoma. in the case of other indications, for example, cerebral toxoplasmosis or certain forms of the wasting syndrome, clin ...	1994	8175098
detection of a wide range of medically important fungi by the polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed that was capable of detecting a wide range of medically important fungi from clinical specimens. the primer pair was designed in conserved sequences of 18s-ribosomal rna genes shared by most fungi. the lower limit of detection of this pcr technique was 1 pg of candida albicans genomic dna by ethidium bromide staining and 100 fg after southern analysis. a 687-bp product was amplified successfully by pcr from all 78 strains of 25 medically imp ...	1994	8176723
pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and bronchial washings.		1994	8180538