Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| monsanto's bollgard potentially compromised in india. | 2005 | 16273045 | |
| occurrence and diversity of mosquitocidal strains of bacillus thuringiensis. | ever since the discovery of the first bacillus thuringiensis strain capable of killing mosquito larvae, namely, b. thuringiensis var israelensis, there are several reports from different parts of the world about the occurrence of mosquitocidal strains belonging to different subspecies/serotypes numbering thirty-six. the main sources of these wild type strains are soils/sediments, plants, animal feces, sick/moribund insects and waters. the toxicity of the strains within a subspecies/serotype vari ... | 2005 | 16294805 |
| monitoring of insecticides resistance in main malaria vectors in a malarious area of kahnooj district, kerman province, southeastern iran. | kahnooj district in south of iran is an endemic area for malaria where anopheles stephensi (liston) is a main malaria vector and an. dthali (patton) a secondary vector. according to the national strategy plan on monitoring of insecticides resistance, this study was performed on susceptibility and irritability levels of an. stephensi and an. dthali to different insecticides in the district. | 2005 | 16294808 |
| efficacy of a bacillus thuringiensis israelensis tablet formulation, vectobac dt, for control of dengue mosquito vectors in potable water containers. | vectobac dt, a tablet formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) was evaluated for the potential control of dengue vectors in various types of potable water containers. on introduction to containers, the tablet sinks to the bottom and the bti toxins are found concentrated at the sides and the base, while the treated water column is free of bti toxins within 24 hours after tablet introduction. in a simulated study, earthen, hdpe and plastic containers were kept covered and laboratory ... | 2005 | 16295540 |
| thermal resistance of spores from virulent strains of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogates. | the objective of this study was to determine the thermal resistance of spores of bacillus anthracis and potential surrogates. the heat resistance of spores suspended in buffer (ph 7.0 or 4.5), milk, or orange juice was determined at 70, 80, and 90 degrees c. d-values for b. anthracis strains sterne, vollum, and pasteur ranged from < 1 min at 90 degrees c to approximately 200 min at 70 degrees c and were lower under acidic than under neutral conditions. the d-values for b. anthracis spores fell w ... | 2005 | 16300074 |
| event specific qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection of genetically modified mon863 maize based on the 5'-transgene integration sequence. | because of the genetically modified organisms (gmos) labeling policies issued in many countries and areas, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods were developed for the execution of gmo labeling policies, such as screening, gene specific, construct specific, and event specific pcr detection methods, which have become a mainstay of gmos detection. the event specific pcr detection method is the primary trend in gmos detection because of its high specificity based on the flanking sequence of the e ... | 2005 | 16302741 |
| precaution and participatory integrated assessment of gm crops in spain. | qualitative participatory integrated assessment (pia) has been carried out to unveil the different accounts and uses of the precautionary principle and of the precautionary approach in the management of bt commercial crops in spain. in particular, two main interpretations have been identified: a case by case precaution (or caution) and a systemic precaution. three scenarios on the plausible causes and consequences of commercial gm crops policy futures and the role of the precautionary principle ... | 2005 | 16304942 |
| a novel 29-kda crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis induces caspase activation and cell death of jurkat t cells. | bacillus thuringiensis, the most successful and most widely used microbial insecticide, produces crystal proteins. the physiological significance of the crystal proteins is poorly understood except for the potent insecticidal activity. in this paper, we report a novel biological activity of the crystal protein. a 29-kda crystal protein, p29, produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. coreanensis a1519, was toxic to jurkat, a cell line from human leukemic t cells. upon treatment of the jurkat cells with ... | 2005 | 16306686 |
| synergistic interaction between beauveria bassiana- and bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis-based biopesticides applied against field populations of colorado potato beetle larvae. | commercial biopesticides based on the fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana strain gha and the bacterial pathogen bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis were applied alone and in combination (tank mixed) against larval populations of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, in small plots of potatoes over three field seasons. interactions between the two products were evaluated in terms of pest-control efficacy. b. bassiana (formulated as mycotrol) was applied at low and medium label rate ... | 2005 | 16307755 |
| identification of the bacillus anthracis (gamma) phage receptor. | bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, is the etiological agent of anthrax. it belongs to the bacillus cereus group, which also contains bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. most b. anthracis strains are sensitive to phage gamma, but most b. cereus and b. thuringiensis strains are resistant to the lytic action of phage gamma. here, we report the identification of a protein involved in the bacterial receptor for the gamma phage, which we term gamr (gamma phage recept ... | 2005 | 16166537 |
| a comparative study of bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis extracellular proteomes. | bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus anthracis are closely related species that share a similar genetic background but occupy different ecological niches. virulence plasmids bearing genes coding for toxins, may explain, at least partly, this specialization. we have compared by 2-de in the early stationary phase of growth the extracellular proteomes of three strains of these species that have lost their virulence plasmids. proteins expected to be secreted or to belong to the cell ... | 2005 | 16167365 |
| characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin, cry47aa, from strains that are toxic to the australian sheep blowfly, lucilia cuprina. | sixteen isolates of bacillus thuringiensis, derived from various soil samples collected in australia, are highly toxic to larvae of the sheep blowfly (lucilia cuprina). the toxin gene from one of the strains (caa890) was cloned by genome walking, and sequencing of the cloned fragments revealed a new cry gene, encoding a protein of 1134 amino acid residues, with a theoretical molecular mass of 139,209da. based on the amino acid sequence comparison with known cry delta-endotoxins, the gene was des ... | 2005 | 16168574 |
| co-expression of bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba and cyt2aa2 in escherichia coli revealed high synergism against aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae. | cry4ba is a delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and cyt2aa2 is a cytolytic delta-endotoxin produced by b. thuringiensis subsp. darmstadiensis. cry4ba produced in escherichia coli was toxic to aedes aegypti larvae (lc(50)=140 ng ml(-1)) but virtually inactive to culex quinquefasciatus larvae. cyt2aa2 expressed in e. coli exhibited moderate activity against a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus larvae with lc(50) values of 350 and 250 ng ml(-1), respectively. co-expr ... | 2005 | 16168580 |
| an alternative strategy for sustainable pest resistance in genetically enhanced crops. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal protein genes encode insecticidal delta-endotoxins that are widely used for the development of insect-resistant crops. in this article, we describe an alternative transgenic strategy that has the potential to generate broader and more sustainable levels of resistance against insect pests. our strategy involves engineering plants with a fusion protein combining the delta-endotoxin cry1ac with the galactose-binding domain of the nontoxic ricin b-chain (rb). this ... | 2005 | 15908504 |
| identification of novel indigenous bacillus thuringiensis isolates. | internally transcribed spacers (its) characterization and distribution of repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) sequences were studied in the genome of 223 field isolates of bacillus thuringiensis from madurai, india. they were characterized by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. one hundred and twenty four of a total 223 isolates fitted its characterization of b. thuringiensis varieties known. significant genomic variation was observed among seven isolates using rep primers. the ... | 2005 | 16235719 |
| effect of temperature and relative humidity on the cellular defense response of ephestia kuehniella larvae fed bacillus thuringiensis. | while maintained under all combinations of three temperatures and two rh, fifth instar larvae of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella were fed wheat treated with spores and crystals of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. larvae that had fed on wheat with the bacterial preparation contained higher concentrations of nodules in their haemocoel than did larvae fed on wheat without bacteria. nodule concentrations in larvae fed untreated wheat were unaffected by temperature or relative ... | 2005 | 16236308 |
| the autolytic phenotype of the bacillus cereus group. | to determine the autolytic phenotype of five species in the bacillus cereus group. | 2005 | 16238737 |
| insertion behavior of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4ba insecticidal protein into lipid monolayers. | toxicity mechanisms of bacillus thuringiensis cry insecticidal proteins involve membrane insertion and lytic pore formation in lipid bilayers of the target larval midgut cell membranes. the b. thuringiensis cry4ba mosquito-larvicidal protein has been shown to be capable of permeabilizing liposome vesicles and of forming ion channels in planar lipid bilayers. here, the membrane interaction of the 65-kda activated cry4ba protein with the lipid monolayers, comprising dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine ... | 2005 | 16171774 |
| development of transgenic sorghum for insect resistance against the spotted stem borer (chilo partellus). | transgenic sorghum plants expressing a synthetic cry1ac gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) under the control of a wound-inducible promoter from the maize protease inhibitor gene (mpic1) were produced via particle bombardment of shoot apices. plants were regenerated from the transformed shoot apices via direct somatic embryogenesis with an intermittent three-step selection strategy using the herbicide basta. molecular characterisation based on polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analys ... | 2005 | 16172896 |
| effect of biological additives and micronutrients on the anaerobic digestion of physicochemical sludge. | two additives (lyophilized bacilli and enzymes) and a solution of micronutrients (fe, co, ni and mo) were tried separately and in combination, in order to assess their effect on the anaerobic digestion of waste sludge from an enhanced primary treatment (ept) of municipal wastewater. three batch tests were carried out in serological bottles. in the first test, addition of bacilli increased production of methane from day 11 and at day 1 7 the production was 95% greater than the control. in that ex ... | 2005 | 16180439 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis isolation method utilizing a novel stain, low selection and high throughput produced atypical results. | bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium known for producing protein crystals with insecticidal properties. these toxins are widely sought after for controlling agricultural pests due to both their specificity and their applicability in transgenic plants. there is great interest in isolating strains with improved or novel toxin characteristics, however isolating b. thuringiensis from the environment is time consuming and yields relatively few isolates of interest. new approaches to b. thuringiensis ... | 2005 | 16181492 |
| will transgenic plants adversely affect the environment? | transgenic insecticidal plants based on bacillus thuringiensis (bt) endotoxins, on proteinase inhibitors and on lectins, and transgenic herbicide tolerant plants are widely used in modern agriculture. the results of the studies on likelihood and non-likelihood of adverse effects of transgenic plants on the environment including: (i) effects on nontarget species; (ii) invasiveness; (iii) potential for transgenes to 'escape' into the environment by horizontal gene transfer; and (iv) adverse effect ... | 2005 | 16184014 |
| transgenic indica rice plants harboring a synthetic cry2a* gene of bacillus thuringiensis exhibit enhanced resistance against lepidopteran rice pests. | a novel synthetic cry2a* gene was introduced into the elite indica rice restorer line minghui 63 by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. a total of 102 independent transformants were obtained. among them, 71 transformants were positive cry2a* plants according to pcr analysis. four highly insect-resistant lines with single-copy insertion (designated as 2a-1, 2a-2, 2a-3, and 2a-4) were selected based on field assessment and southern blot analysis in the t(1) generation. all four transgenic lines ... | 2005 | 16187120 |
| novel vip3-related protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | a novel vip3-related gene was identified in bacillus thuringiensis. this novel gene is 2,406 bp long and codes for a 91-kda protein (801 amino acids). this novel protein exhibits between 61 and 62% similarity with vip3a proteins and is designated vip3ba1. vip3ba1 has several specific features. differences between vip3ba1 and the vip3a proteins are spread throughout the sequence but are more frequent in the c-terminal part from amino acid 456 onward. the regions containing the two proteolytic pro ... | 2005 | 16204549 |
| effects of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on malpighian tubule cells of thaumetopoea pityocampa (lepidoptera: thaumetopoeidae) larvae. | in this study effects of bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (btk) on malpighian tubule cells of thaumetopoea pityocampa (lepidoptera: thaumetopoeidae) larvae was investigated by electron microscopy. 3 mg/l btk was given with food. after btk administration, the malpighian tubule cells were investigated and compared with a control group. 3 and 6 hrs after btk administration swelling in malpighian tubule cells was observed. swelling of mitochondria and separation of their cristae was seen after 12 hrs ... | 2005 | 16212102 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of the cytolytic toxin cyt1a in solution. | cytolytic toxin cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis is used as an environmentally friendly insecticide, but its mode of action has not been clearly established. one main obstacle seems to be the lack of the experimentally determined structure of the toxin. as a first step in computer simulations of cyt1a, in this paper, a three-dimensional molecular structure of cyt1a in solution was generated by homology modeling, potential energy minimization and molecular dynamics. regions of t ... | 2005 | 16220687 |
| additional morphological and physiological heterogeneity within the midgut of larval aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) revealed by histology, electrophysiology, and effects of bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. | analysis of larval aedes aegypti midgut using scanning electron microscopy, nuclear and mitochondrial dyes, response to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis cryivb toxin, and electrophysiology is described. the anterior ventriculus ("stomach") region is found to have much lower mitochondrial densities than other midgut regions. the transitional region is distinguished by apical surface architecture, and by region-specific effects of cryivb endotoxin. in this region cryivb causes holes ranging from ... | 2005 | 16221479 |
| delayed resistance to transgenic cotton in pink bollworm. | transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins kill some key insect pests and thus can reduce reliance on insecticides. widespread planting of such bt crops increased concerns that their usefulness would be cut short by rapid evolution of resistance to bt toxins by pests. pink bollworm (pectinophora gossypiella) is a major pest that has experienced intense selection for resistance to bt cotton in arizona since 1997. we monitored pink bollworm resistance to bt toxin for 8 years wit ... | 2005 | 16227430 |
| development of a microfluidic platform with an optical imaging microarray capable of attomolar target dna detection. | in this paper, dna hybridization in a microfluidic manifold is performed using fluorescence detection on a fiber-optic microarray. the microfluidic device integrates optics, sample transport, and fluidic interconnects on a single platform. a high-density optical imaging fiber array containing oligonucleotide-labeled microspheres was developed. dna hybridization was observed at concentrations as low as 10 am with response times of less than 15 min at a flow rate of 1 microl/min using 50 microl of ... | 2005 | 16131069 |
| cry3aa11: a new cry3aa delta-endotoxin from a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis. | a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis mm2 had insecticidal activity against the larvae of melolontha melolontha, agelastica alni, leptinotarsa decemlineata and amphimallon solstitiale and produced a 65 kda protein. sds-page profile of b. thuringiensis mm2 was compared with those of 29 different cry3aa producers which verified cry3aa biosynthesis by the isolate. the cry3aa gene of mm2 was cloned, sequenced and the deduced amino acid sequence was compared with the cry3aa sequences of ten diffe ... | 2005 | 16132862 |
| two different bacillus thuringiensis toxin genes confer resistance to beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) in transgenic bt-shallots (allium cepa l.). | agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was applied to produce beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua hübner) resistant tropical shallots (allium cepa l. group aggregatum). a cry1ca or a h04 hybrid gene from bacillus thuringiensis, driven by the chrysanthemum ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rubisco ssu) promoter, along with the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hpt) driven by the camv 35s promoter, was employed for genetic transformation. an average transformatio ... | 2005 | 16145834 |
| the bt gene cry2aa2 driven by a tissue specific st-ls1 promoter from potato effectively controls heliothis virescens. | expression of the cry2aa2 protein was targeted specifically to the green tissues of transgenic tobacco nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi plants. this deployment was achieved by using the promoter region of the gene encoding the solanum tuberosum leaf and stem specific (st-ls1) protein. the accumulated levels of toxin in the leaves were found to be effective in achieving 100% mortality of heliothis virescens larvae. the levels of cry2aa2 expression in the leaves of these transgenic plants were up to 0 ... | 2005 | 16145837 |
| assessment of cry1 gene contents of bacillus thuringiensis strains by use of dna microarrays. | a single bacillus thuringiensis strain can harbor numerous different insecticidal crystal protein (cry) genes from 46 known classes or primary ranks. the cry1 primary rank is the best known and contains the highest number of cry genes which currently totals over 130. we have designed an oligonucleotide-based dna microarray (cryarray) to test the feasibility of using microarrays to identify the cry gene content of b. thuringiensis strains. specific 50-mer oligonucleotide probes representing the c ... | 2005 | 16151129 |
| inactivation of spores of bacillus anthracis sterne, bacillus cereus, and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by chlorination. | three species of bacillus were evaluated as potential surrogates for bacillus anthracis for determining the sporicidal activity of chlorination as commonly used in drinking water treatment. spores of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis were found to be an appropriate surrogate for spores of b. anthracis for use in chlorine inactivation studies. | 2005 | 16151153 |
| common receptor for bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac, cry1fa, and cry1ja in helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and spodoptera exigua. | binding studies using (125)i-cry1ac and biotinylated cry1fa toxins indicate the occurrence of a common receptor for cry1ac, cry1fa, and cry1ja in helicoverpa armigera, helicoverpa zea, and spodoptera exigua. our results, along with previous binding data and the observed cases of cross-resistance, suggest that this pattern seems to be widespread among lepidopteran species. | 2005 | 16151165 |
| can agrobiont spiders (araneae) avoid a surface with pesticide residues? | integrated pest management includes the use of various pesticides that can have a detrimental effect on spiders. a pesticide can express its activity directly or via residues. most of the attention paid to the impact of pesticides on spiders has investigated the effects of direct exposure. our aim in this study was to investigate the residual activity (repellency and toxicity) of selected pesticides on six principal species of spider occurring in an apple orchard. four of these species (clubiona ... | 2005 | 16152672 |
| beetle-specific bacillus thuringiensis cry3aa toxin reduces larval growth and curbs reproduction in spodoptera littoralis (boisd.). | application of bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (bt) and expression of the bt protein cry3aa in genetically modified crops are used for targeted control of the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the cry3a proteins are selectively toxic for the beetles but the present study describes effects of cry3aa on the egyptian armyworm, spodoptera littoralis (boisduval). cry3aa expressed in potatoes or added to an agar-base wheat-germ diet reduced the growth of s. littoralis caterpil ... | 2005 | 16152673 |
| structure-function relationships of a membrane pore forming toxin revealed by reversion mutagenesis. | cyt2aa1 is a haemolytic membrane pore forming toxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. to investigate membrane pore formation by this toxin, second-site revertants of an inactive mutant toxin cyt2aa1-i150a were generated by random mutagenesis using error-prone pcr. the decrease in side chain length caused by the replacement of isoleucine by alanine at position 150 in the alphad-beta4 loop results in the loss of important van der waals contacts that exist in the native protein ... | 2005 | 16154904 |
| effect of cry3bb1-expressing transgenic corn on plant-to-plant movement by western corn rootworm larvae (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | dispersal of larvae of the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, in specific combinations of transgenic corn expressing the cry3bb1 protein and nontransgenic, isoline corn was evaluated in a 2-yr field study. in total, 1,500 viable western corn rootworm eggs were infested in each subplot. each year, plant damage and larval recovery were evaluated among four pedigree combinations (straight transgenic; straight nontransgenic corn; nontransgenic corn with a transgenic centr ... | 2005 | 16156562 |
| fitness of cry1a-resistant and -susceptible helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) on transgenic cotton with reduced levels of cry1ac. | the performance of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) on 15-wk-old cotton plants was compared for a susceptible strain, a near-isogenic laboratory-selected strain, and f1 progeny of the two strains. glasshouse experiments were conducted to test the three insect types on conventional plants and transgenic plants that produced the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin cry1ac. at the time of testing (15 wk), the cry1ac concentration in cotton leaves was 75% lower than at 4 wk. on these plants, < 10% of susc ... | 2005 | 16156585 |
| baseline susceptibility of western corn rootworm (coleoptera: crysomelidae) to cry3bb1 bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | susceptibility to cry3bb1 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) was determined for western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte, neonates from both laboratory and field populations collected from across the corn belt. rootworm larvae were exposed to artificial diet treated with increasing cry3bb1 concentrations, and mortality and growth inhibition were evaluated after 4-7 d. the range of variation in bt susceptibility indicated by growth inhibition was similar to that indicated ... | 2005 | 16156586 |
| susceptibility of dipel-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. | dipel-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) were evaluated for larval mortality and growth inhibition when fed diets containing individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. resistance ratios for four of the protoxins in dipel (cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry2aa) were 170-, 205-, 524-, and > 640-fold, respectively, considerably higher than the 47-fold resistance to dipel. the dipel-resistant strain was 36-fold resistant to cry1ba, a protoxin not present in dipel. anoth ... | 2005 | 16156588 |
| genetic basis of resistance to cry1ac and cry2aa in heliothis virescens (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the development of pest resistance to transgenic crop plants producing insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) poses a major threat to their sustainable use in agriculture. "pyramiding" two toxins with different modes of actions in the same plant is now being used to delay the evolution of resistance in the insects, but this strategy could fail if a single gene in a pest confers resistance to both toxins. the cp73 strain of the cotton pest heliothis virescens (f.) is resist ... | 2005 | 16156591 |
| changes in cry1ac bt transgenic cotton in response to two environmental factors: temperature and insect damage. | the efficacy of cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cotton plants against field populations of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) has been inconsistent over the growing season. any reduction in efficacy (where efficacy is the capacity of the plant to affect the survival of the insect) increases the opportunities for h. armigera to evolve resistance to bt toxin. changes in efficacy could be due to changes at the level of gene expression and/or in the physiological makeup of the plant and may be induced ... | 2005 | 16156594 |
| generation and analysis of soybean plastid transformants expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin. | we describe the generation of fertile and homoplasmic soybean plastid transformants, expressing the bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protoxin cry1ab. transgenes were targeted in the intergenic region of glycine max plastome, between the rps12/7 and trnv genes and selection was carried out using the aada gene encoding spectinomycin resistance. molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the cry1ab and aada expression cassettes at the expected location in the soybean plastome, and the trans ... | 2005 | 16158241 |
| species-specific bacteria identification using differential mobility spectrometry and bioinformatics pattern recognition. | as bacteria grow and proliferate, they release a variety of volatile compounds that can be profiled and used for speciation, providing an approach amenable to disease diagnosis through quick analysis of clinical cultures as well as patient breath analysis. as a practical alternative to mass spectrometry detection and whole cell pyrolysis approaches, we have developed methodology that involves detection via a sensitive, micromachined differential mobility spectrometer (microdmx), for sampling hea ... | 2005 | 16159124 |
| partial restoration of antibacterial activity of the protein encoded by a cryptic open reading frame (cyt1ca) from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by site-directed mutagenesis. | insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis belong to two unrelated toxin families: receptor-specific cry toxins against insects and cyt toxins that lyse a broad range of cells, including bacteria, via direct binding to phospholipids. a new cyt-like open reading frame (cyt1ca) encoding a 60-kda protein, has recently been discovered (c. berry et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 68:5082-5095, 2002). cyt1ca displays the structure of a two-domain fusion protein: the n-terminal moiety resem ... | 2005 | 16159771 |
| inorganic phosphate has a crucial effect on cry3aa delta-endotoxin production. | the study aimed at increasing cry3aa delta-endotoxin production by a local isolate of bacillus thuringiensis (b.t. strain mm2). to this end, different nutritional conditions were tested for their effects on cry3aa yields. | 2005 | 16162135 |
| construction of a new high-copy number shuttle vector of bacillus thuringiensis. | construction and characterization of a new cloning shuttle vector for gene transfer and expression in bacillus thuringiensis. | 2005 | 16162145 |
| molecular characterization of a novel chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | the present work aims to study a new chitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | 2005 | 16162247 |
| evaluation of the present dengue situation and control strategies against aedes aegypti in cebu city, philippines. | the present dengue situation and methods to control aedes aegypti larvae in cebu city, philippines, were evaluated for the development of an integrated community-based dengue control program. the study included the detection of dengue infection among filipino patients, surveying mosquito breeding sites to determine larval population density of aedes aegypti, an evaluation of public knowledge, attitude, and personal protection practices against dengue, and an evaluation of the efficacy of vectoba ... | 2005 | 16599163 |
| differentiated pattern of protein composition of crystalline inclusions of newly isolated bacillus thuringiensis strains from silesia in poland. | protein profiles of crystal delta-endotoxins were determined in twenty nine bacillus thuringiensis strains-soil and phylloplane isolates--from poland. electrophoretic analysis revealed quantatively and qualitatively different patterns of delta-endotoxin crystal preparations of these b. thuringiensis strains. the crystalline parasporal inclusions of b. thuringiensis isolates were composed of two, three, four or five proteins. molecular weights of these polypeptides varied from 23.4 kda to 142 kda ... | 2005 | 16599296 |
| differential effects of ionic strength, divalent cations and ph on the pore-forming activity of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins. | the combined effects of ionic strength, divalent cations, ph and toxin concentration on the pore-forming activity of cry1ac and cry1ca were studied using membrane potential measurements in isolated midguts of manduca sexta and a brush border membrane vesicle osmotic swelling assay. the effects of ionic strength and divalent cations were more pronounced at ph 10.5 than at ph 7.5. at the higher ph, lowering ionic strength in isolated midguts enhanced cry1ac activity but decreased considerably that ... | 2005 | 16596448 |
| [potential effects of bt transgenic rice on soil micro-ecosystem]. | with the increasing commercial use of genetically modified crops (gmcs), it is quite important to assess their potential ecological risk. the likelihood of genes dispersal from gmcs to related wild species, the tolerance of insects to insect-resistant gmcs, and the potential impact of gmcs on biodiversity have been extensively investigated. this article reviewed the potential ecological risk assessment of transgenic bt rice-expressed products, including the persistence characteristics of bt inse ... | 2005 | 16515209 |
| evolution of resistance to transgenic crops: interactions between insect movement and field distribution. | the refuge strategy is designed to delay evolution of pest resistance to transgenic crops producing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) toxins. movement of insects between bt crops and refuges of non-bt crops is essential for the refuge strategy because it increases chances that resistant adults mate with susceptible adults from refuges. conclusions about optimal levels of movement for delaying resistance are not consistent among previous modeling studies. to clarify the effects of movement on ... | 2005 | 16539091 |
| efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis against phyllocnistis citrella (lepidoptera: phyllocnistidae). | the purpose of this work was to analyze the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis berliner on the control of phyllocnistis citrella stainton (lepidoptera: phyllocnistidae) in laboratory and field trials. in the laboratory, four b. thuringiensis were used: dipel (commercial formulation) tested at the concentrations of 25 x 10(6) and 25 x 10(8) spores/ml and the isolates k, 6, and 15 (collections of the university of azores) at the concentration of 25 x 10(6) spores/ ml. a surfactant solution of nono ... | 2005 | 16539108 |
| starch industry wastewater-based stable bacillus thuringiensis liquid formulations. | liquid formulations were developed from bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-fermented broths of starch industry wastewater (siw) and of soya medium. stability studies were carried out for 1 yr. storage stability was tested by studying various physical and chemical (e.g., viscosity, particle size, corrosion, and suspendibility) and biological (e.g., microbial contamination, viable spores, and entomotoxicity) parameters at different ph levels and temperatures. three suspending agents, sorbitol, sodium mon ... | 2005 | 16539110 |
| abundance of coleomegilla maculata (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in corn rootworm-resistant cry3bb1 maize. | lady beetles (coleoptera: coccinellidae) are important polyphagous predators in maize, zea mays l., fields. transgenic cry3bb1 maize hybrids express a coleopteran-specific insecticidal protein derived from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) subsp. kumamotoensis that is targeted at corn rootworm larvae. this study evaluated impacts of cry3bb1 protein-expressing maize, tefluthrin-treated maize, and untreated controls on lady beetle abundance at preanthesis, anthesis, and postanthesis maize-developm ... | 2005 | 16539124 |
| evaluation of a chemically inducible promoter for developing a within-plant refuge for resistance management. | chemically inducible production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in transgenic plants may provide considerable benefits in preventing or delaying the evolution of insect resistance to bt crops by creating within-plant temporal refuges. we examined the effect of inducible cry1ab expression on survival of different genotypes (rr, rs, and ss) of diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (l.), in transgenic broccoli, brassica oleracea l., plants transformed with a pr-1a/cry1ab expression cassette. ... | 2005 | 16539150 |
| effect of extended diapause on evolution of resistance to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn by northern corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae). | we develop a population genetics model for the northern corn rootworm, diabrotica barberi smith & lawrence, to examine the effect of extended diapause on the evolution of resistance to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. we model conditions found in the center of the extended diapause problem along the minnesota-south dakota-iowa borders. the proportion of resistance alleles in eggs oviposited after 15 simulated years is used to measure the evolution of resistance. sensitivi ... | 2005 | 16539154 |
| a quantitative assay for linking microbial community function and structure of a naphthalene-degrading microbial consortium. | a comprehensive culture-independent assay, called q-fast, was developed for concurrent identification and quantification of active microorganisms involved a specific function in a given microbial community. the development of q-fast was achieved by integrating the concept of stable isotope probing technique into a new quantitative fingerprinting assay called real-time-t-rflp for microbial community structure analysis. the q-fast was successfully validated by using a three-member artificial micro ... | 2005 | 16475342 |
| mucosal and systemic adjuvant effects of cholera toxin and cry1ac protoxin on the specific antibody response to hiv-1 c4/v3 peptides are different and depend on the antigen co-administered. | evidence from several sources support the assertion that cholera toxin (ct) is a potent immunogen and mucosal adjuvant; however there are also reports showing its lack of adjuvanticity against some antigens. cry1ac protoxin also exerts adjuvant effects in the antibody responses to proteins and polysaccharides but its adjuvanticity with regard to peptide vaccines had not been tested. to probe whether the adjuvant effects of these proteins varied depending on the antigen co-administered, we evalua ... | 2005 | 16359236 |
| [development of transgenic oilseed plants resistant to glyphosate and insects]. | in this study, the aroa-m12 gene encoding bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) and the btslm recombinant gene encoding bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin gene were introduced into a brassica napus variety, xiangyou no. 15, via agrobacterium-mediated transformation using glyphosate as a selectable agent. pcr amplification and southern blot analyses of t0 transgenic plants showed that the alien genes were transferred and integrated stably into the genome of xiangyou no. 15. ... | 2005 | 16459658 |
| [cloning and functional analysis of the stable plasmid pbmb175 in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765]. | a 15.2 kb plasmid pbmb175 from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strains ybt-1765 was cloned and the restriction map was constructed. the mini-replicating region of pbmb175 was located in a 1151 bp fragment by functional analysis. the sequence of a 4152 bp fragment which contained the mini-replicating region was analyzed and results showed that the fragment had three potential open reading frames (orf1, orf2 and orf3). sequence comparison and homology search revealed that orf1 (767aa) ha ... | 2005 | 16496686 |
| [co-expression of crystal protein gene cry26aa and cry28aa has an ability to form parasporal crystal inside exosporium in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus]. | parasporal crystal in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. finitimus t02 forms within the exosporium and remains attached to the spore after mother cell lysis, which leads to spore-crystal connection. according to the crystal protein gene sequence in b. thuringiensis subsp. finitimus, cry26 and cry28 were cloned from strain t02 by pcr amplification and transformed into the crystal negative bacillus thuringiensis strain bmb171 by shuttle vectors, alone or in combination together. crystal can be observed ... | 2005 | 16496711 |
| typical three-domain cry proteins of bacillus thuringiensis strain a1462 exhibit cytocidal activity on limited human cancer cells. | bacillus thuringiensis strain a1462 produced two parasporal inclusion proteins with a molecular mass of 88 kda that were converted to 64-kda toxins when activated by proteinase k digestion. both toxins exhibited strong cytocidal activity against two human cancer cell lines, hl60 (myeloid leukemia cells) and hepg2 (liver cancer cells), while low or no toxicities were observed against 11 human and three mammalian cell lines, including four non-cancer cell lines. the cytotoxicity of both toxins on ... | 2005 | 16428294 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis formulations, spinosad, and selected synthetic insecticides to chironomus tepperi larvae. | three bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) formulations, the bacterial metabolite spinosad, and 7 synthetic insecticides were bioassayed against 4th instars of chironomus tepperi, a serious pest of rice in southern australia. the bti formulations returned 48-h product median lethal concentration (lc50) values (25 < or = 1 degrees c) of between 0.59 mg/liter (vectobac water-dispersible granule [wdg], 3,000 international toxic units [itu]/mg) and 2.15 mg/liter (teknar suspension concentra ... | 2005 | 16506570 |
| trial of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a mosquito larvicide, against porcellionides pruinosus, a terrestrial isopod. | woodlice, porcellionides pruinosus, were not killed when exposed to granular bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. mortality was observed when woodlice received a topical application of the highest concentration of liquid bti, but not at lower concentrations, nor when exposed via contaminated food or contaminated substrates. | 2005 | 16506582 |
| [control of culicides by using bacillus thuringiensis sh-14 var. israelensis in permanent breeding places of fomento, province of sancti spiritus, cuba]. | an ecological evaluation of retrospective and descriptive temporary trend was conducted from 1999 to 2000 .in 8 water bodies of fomento, province of sancti spiritus. to evaluate the effectiveness and permanence of the biolarvicide, there were used data of systematic samplings and of control actions of the provincial surveillance and antivectorial fight programs taken from the records of each breeding place in the municipal unit of higiene and epidemiology of the locality. doses of 10 ml of activ ... | 2005 | 17969274 |
| interactions with microbial pathogens. | a wide variety of bacterial pathogens, as well as several fungi, kill c. elegans or produce non-lethal disease symptoms. this allows the nematode to be used as a simple, tractable model host for infectious disease. human pathogens that affect c. elegans include gram-negative bacteria of genera burkholderia, pseudomonas, salmonella, serratia and yersinia; gram-positive bacteria enterococcus, staphylococcus and streptococcus; and the fungus cryptococcus neoformans. microbes that are not pathogenic ... | 2005 | 18050390 |
| the role of bacillus-based biological control agents in integrated pest management systems: plant diseases. | abstract bacillus-based biological control agents (bcas) have great potential in integrated pest management (ipm) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other ipm management tools. unfortunately, most research has focused on bcas as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. ipm has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for ipm definition: "a sustainable ... | 2004 | 18944466 |
| detection and identification of bacteria using direct injection inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. | in this study, an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (icp-ms) was used for the inorganic chemical characterization of biological materials by direct injection. icp-ms has the advantage of sub-nanogram/gram detection limits for most elements making it a sensitive tool for the detection and characterization of aerosolized biological material. suspended, microgram-sized samples of bacillus subtilis spores (bg), bacillus subtilis vegetative cells (bg), and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were ... | 2004 | 18969357 |
| a simple method for detecting genetically modified maize in common food products. | a commercially available leaf dna extraction and amplification kit has been adapted for the detection of genetically modified material in common food products containing maize. amplification using published primer pairs specific for the bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin and maize invertase genes results in a 226-bp invertase pcr product in all samples (an internal positive control) plus a 184-bp product in samples that are genetically modified with the endotoxin gene. the ease and rapidity ... | 2004 | 21706686 |
| [environmental monitoring and control strategy of urban mosquito culicidae (diptera: culicidae) populations in wrocław]. | among dipterans of medical and veterinary importance, the mosquitoes (culicidae) play the most important role both as vectors and nuisance insects. mass occurrence of floodwater mosquito species in the flooded area in wrocław district (lower silesia, poland) in 1997 has enhanced the already existed problem of mosquito control. a successful model of control strategy for the city based on the currently recommended integrated methodologies with special emphasis on preventive treatment of aquatic la ... | 2004 | 16865970 |
| bt rice harbouring cry genes controlled by a constitutive or wound-inducible promoter: protection and transgene expression under mediterranean field conditions. | seven homozygous transgenic lines of two european commercial cultivars of rice (ariete (a) and senia (s)), harbouring the cry1b or cry1aa bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin genes, were field evaluated for protection from striped stem borer (ssb) (chilo suppressalis) damage during the 2001 and 2002 summer crop seasons in the delta de l'ebre region, spain. the plant codon-optimized toxin gene was placed under the control of the promoter of either the constitutive ubi1 gene or the wound-in ... | 2004 | 17168888 |
| diversity of bacillus thuringiensis strains isolated from coffee plantations infested with the coffee berry borer hypothenemus hampei. | the coffee berry borer hypothenemus hampei ferrari (coleoptera: scolytidae) was first reported infecting costa rican coffee plantations in the year 2000. due to the impact that this plague has in the economy of the country, we were interested in seeking new alternatives for the biological control of h. hampei, based on the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis. a total of 202 b. thuringiensis isolates obtained from costa rican coffee plantations infested with h. hampei were analyzed t ... | 2004 | 17361568 |
| characterization of melanin produced by a wild-type strain of bacillus thuringiensis. | bt l-7601 is a uv resistant wild-type strain, which belongs to bacillus thuringiensis subsp. dendrolimus serotype h4a4b. it was isolated from nature, and produced a dark brown pigment during the exponential phase of growth. bt l-7601 had the ability to produce pigment in a general nutrition-abundant medium, which had no l-tyrosine. the pigment was identified as melanin based on chemical testing, its light absorbance, and ft-ir analysis. bt l-7601 has a strong resistance to uv light. after 30 min ... | 2004 | 15754243 |
| cry1ab protoxin effects on spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and its parasitoid cotesia marginiventris (hymenoptera: braconidae). | 2004 | 15759410 | |
| transgenic-bt potato plant resistance to the colorado potato beetle affect the aphid parasitoid aphidius nigripes. | using the biotechnological plant resistance for herbivore control with less reliance on chemicals in integrated pest management (ipm) programs critically depends on predictable interactions with no-target organisms of various trophic levels. plant resistance to insect pests based on recombinant bacillus thuringiensis could interfere with natural enemies of non target pests. performance of the potato aphid parasitoid aphidius nigripes was studied on the 'superior-bt line transgenic for the crylli ... | 2004 | 15759411 |
| bioassay of some egyptian isolates of bacillus thuringiensis against culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | some egyptian isolates of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were grown on economic media contain 4% of fodder yeast in tap water and incubated under shaking conditions for four days. the biological activities of these isolates against culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) were carried out to determine their effectiveness against field and laboratory strains of 3rd larval instar. all isolates of bt were more pathogenic to laboratory strain. causing up to 84% larval mortality. the insecticidal activities o ... | 2004 | 15759417 |
| seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of aphids on potato plants with classical and transgenic characters of resistance to colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). | the seasonal abundance and dynamics of potato-infesting aphids were studied in two seasons, on potato solanum tuberosum l. with various types of transgenic and classical resistance to primary pests, especially the colorado potato beetle (cpb), leptinotarsa decemlineata (say). the lines tested were the newleaf potato, a transgenic expressing the bacillus thuringiensis cryiiia toxin (btt); nyl 235-4 a parental line derived from s. berthaultii (nyl) with a high density of glandular trichomes; and a ... | 2004 | 15759424 |
| combination of mesocyclops thermocyclopoides and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: a better approach for the control of aedes aegypti larvae in water containers. | the efficacy of a local thai-strain of the copepod, mesocyclops thermocyclopoides and the larvicide, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), used jointly and singly, was studied against aedes aegypti in water containers. in a laboratory test, copepods alone produced mortality of 98-100% in 1st instar larvae of ae. aegypti at copepod:larvae ratios ranging from 1:1 to 1:4. in an outdoor field simulated experiment that ran for 16 wk, after a single inoculation, the treatment of copepods and ... | 2004 | 15707281 |
| efficient transformation of cellulomonas flavigena by electroporation and conjugation with bacillus thuringiensis. | the conjugative self-transmissible plasmid pht73, harbored in bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, was demonstrated to be transferred to cellulomonas flavigena, a cellulolytic bacterium. both conjugation and transformation procedures yielded resistant colonies; however, chromosomal integration was observed only when bacterial conjugation occurred. the efficiency of conjugation was 10% of recipient strain, which is considered a very efficient process. when the plasmid pht73 was introduced by tra ... | 2004 | 15696619 |
| enhancement of pathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis by gamma rays. | studies were conducted on the enhancement of pathogenicity of bacillus thuringiensis by gamma rays on various species of termites. the results showed that the 72 hrs old and 60 or 70 kr irradiated culture of b. thuringiensis were more pathogenic than the non-irradiated ones. 168 hrs old and 150 kr (1.5 kgy) irradiated b. thuringiensis caused quicker mortality rate than the non-irradiated one as it shows maximum enhancement ratio (1.32). | 2004 | 15702915 |
| [testing the efficiency of bacillus thuringien israelesis against mosquito larvae in uzbekistan]. | experiments were conducted in the potential and neighboring malarious areas in the flood plains of the tupalang river in the sarias district, surkhandarya region, uzbekistan. they have indicated that the numbers of larvae of pp. culex and aedes within the first 24 hours after treatment with bti drastically reduced with all test doses (0.01-5.0 g/m2) and 92.3-100% larval deaths were recorded. at the same time the efficacy of the drugs retained for more than 7 days (100% death), i.e. throughout th ... | 2004 | 15689133 |
| two self-splicing group i introns interrupt two late transcribed genes of prolate-headed lactobacillus delbrueckii phage jcl1032. | two group i introns were detected from the late gene region of the prolate-headed phage jcl1032 of lactobacillus delbrueckii. introns jcl-i1 and jcl-i2 interrupt orf602 and orf1868 encoding a phage terminase large subunit (terl, 69.7 kda) and a putative tape measure protein (tmp, 202 kda), respectively. the introns jcl-i1 (226 bp) and jcl-i2 (322 bp) were efficiently self-spliced in vivo. both introns were classified to the subgroup ia1 having all the conserved structures necessary for splicing, ... | 2004 | 15669111 |
| documentation of high-level bacillus sphaericus 2362 resistance in field populations of culex quinquefasciatus breeding in polluted water in thailand. | bacillus sphaericus (bsph) neide has been recognized as an effective mosquito larvicide since its discovery 20 years ago. various strains of this agent, such as 2362, 2297, 1593, and c3-41, have been developed, formulated, and field-evaluated against mosquito larvae in different countries. their high efficacy in controlling mosquitoes breeding in various habitats, especially those in polluted water, has been documented. however, resistance to bsph has been reported in culex pipiens complex in bo ... | 2004 | 15669382 |
| effects of sublethal concentrations of vectobac on biological parameters of aedes aegypti. | the effect of sublethal concentrations (30% lethal concentration [lc30] = 0.41 ppm, lc50 = 1.04 ppm, and lc70 = 2.60 ppm) of vectobac 12 aqueous suspension (as, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis h-14, 600 itu/mg) on life parameters of aedes aegypti and its f1 progeny (not exposed) was assessed in laboratory tests. based on the data, it was clear that concentrations of 0.41 ppm of vectobac significantly shortened the duration of the developmental cycle of the exposed mosquitoes, but not tha ... | 2004 | 15669383 |
| efficacy studies of vectobac 12as and teknar hp-d larvicides against 3rd-instar ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and culex quinquefasciatus in small plot field studies. | efficacy studies were conducted with vectobac 12as and teknar hp-d larvicides against 3rd-instar ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus and culex quinquefasciatus in small field test plots. the products were obtained off the shelf from distributors and had different lot numbers. they were evaluated over a 2-year period in spring 2002 and 2003. application rates were 0.29, 0.58, and 1.10 liter/ha and evaluations were made 24 and 48 h after treatment. both products performed well in these studies, with vecto ... | 2004 | 15669386 |
| detoxification of distillery effluent through bacillus thuringiensis (mtcc 4714) enhanced phytoremediation potential of spirodela polyrrhiza (l.) schliden. | 2004 | 15669736 | |
| field evaluation of biolarvicides in surat city, india. | two bacterial larvicide (bio-larvicide) formulations--bacticide and vectobac containing viable endospores and delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis h-14 were evaluated in 2001 for their mosquito larvicidal efficacy under the operational conditions of urban malaria control programme in surat city, india. | 2004 | 15672558 |
| expression of a recombinant cry1ac crystal protein fused with a green fluorescent protein in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cry-b. | to investigate the co-expression and crystallization of a fusion gene between the bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein and a foreign protein in b. thuringiensis, the expression of the cry1ac fused with green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes in a b. thuringiensis cry(-)b strain was examined. the cry1ac gene was cloned in the b. thuringiensis-e. coli shuttle vector, pht3101, under the control of the native cry1ac gene promoter, while the gfp gene was inserted into the xhoi site upstream of the pr ... | 2004 | 15650692 |
| scale-up of biopesticide production processes using wastewater sludge as a raw material. | studies were conducted on the production of bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-based biopesticides to ascertain the performance of the process in shake flasks, and in two geometrically similar fermentors (15 and 150 l) utilizing wastewater sludge as a raw material. the results showed that it was possible to achieve better oxygen transfer in the larger capacity fermentor. viable cell counts increased by 38-55% in the bioreactor compared to shake flasks. as for spore counts, an increase of 25% was observ ... | 2004 | 15662544 |
| efficacy of native and recombinant cry1b protein against experimentally induced and naturally acquired ovine myiasis (fly strike) in sheep. | several hundred strains of bacillus thuringiensis (bt), isolated in new zealand from samples of soil and sheep fleece, were tested for toxicity to larvae of the blowfly lucilia cuprina wiedemann. characterization of the bt strains revealed that three of the more active strains produced cry1ba (an insecticidal protein present in bt mother cell crystal inclusion) that was toxic to blowflies. these strains were evaluated for the ability to prevent experimentally induced fly strike in a bioassay by ... | 2004 | 15666730 |
| a strategy for shuffling numerous bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein domains. | bacillus thuringiensis that produce cry1ba are toxic to lucilia cuprina wiedemann blow fly maggots in vivo, and when applied in quantity to sheep fleece, provide up to 6 wk protection against flystrike in the field. these strains also are toxic to epiphyas postvittana (walker) light brown apple moth caterpillars. b. thuringiensis expressing cry1db are toxic only to e. postvittana. when cry1ba and cry1db proteins are expressed within escherichia coli, the recombinant bacteria have the same toxici ... | 2004 | 15666731 |
| bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai applied to spruce flowers reduced dioryctria abietella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) infestation without affecting seed quality. | we investigated the effects of bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai (bt) on infestation levels of two lepidopteran insects as well as on seed quality in norway spruce, picea abies l. (karst.) in central sweden. spruce flowers (female strobili) were sprayed with a 0.2% suspension (wt:wt) of the bt preparation turex 50 wp, 25,000 iu/mg in water. to expose even those lepidopteran larvae that feed exclusively embedded within the cone tissue, the bt treatment was applied to open flowers, ... | 2004 | 15666734 |
| fipronil resistance in the diamondback moth (lepidoptera: plutellidae): inheritance and number of genes involved. | bioassays (at generation 1, g1) using fipronil, spinosad, indoxacarb, and bacillus thuringiensis toxins cry1ac and cry1ca with a newly collected field population of plutella xylostella (l.) from farmers fields in the cameron highlands, malaysia, indicated a resistance ratio of approximately 400-, 1,170-, 330-, 2,840-, and 1,410-fold, respectively, compared with a laboratory-susceptible population of p. xylostella (roth). at g3, the field-derived population was divided into two subpopulations, on ... | 2004 | 15666763 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin in a greenhouse-derived strain of cabbage looper (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | a population of cabbage looper, trichoplusia ni (hübner), collected from commercial greenhouses in the lower mainland of british columbia, canada, in 2001 showed a resistance level of 24-fold to dipel, a product of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) subspecies kurstaki. this population was selected with cry1ac, the major bt cry toxin in dipel, to obtain a homogenous population resistant to cry1ac. the resulting strain of t. ni, named glen-cry1ac, was highly resistant to cry1ac with a resistance ratio o ... | 2004 | 15666767 |
| management of feeding damage and survival of southwestern corn borer and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) with bacillus thuringiensis transgenic field corn. | the efficacy of transgenic corn hybrids expressing an insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin from different transformation events was evaluated in field corn, zea mays l., against the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar, and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.). susceptibilities of neonates and third instars were determined on bt and non-bt corn plants (v6 and r1 stages) in field plots and corn leaf tissue feeding exposure in laboratory bioassays. bt corn ... | 2004 | 15666772 |
| fate of bacillus thuringiensis strains in different insect larvae. | in favorable conditions bacillus thuringiensis spores germinate and vegetative cells multiply, whereas in unfavorable conditions bacillus thuringiensis sporulates and produces insecticidal crystal proteins. the development of b. thuringiensis strains was investigated in the larvae of insects belonging to the orders lepidoptera and diptera. bacillus thuringiensis strains able to kill the insects did not always multiply in cadavers. strains with no specificity to kill the insect sometimes multipli ... | 2004 | 15644915 |