Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in neonates and young infants. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurs during the first year of life in 50% of children and 20%-40% of them have signs of lower respiratory tract infection (bronchiolitis or pneumonia). there is an increased risk for complicated course and death from rsv infection in premature infants, especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) or congenital heart disease. the aim of our study was to analyze clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed rsv infection in order to e ... | 2011 | 21524004 |
| association of rsv lower respiratory tract infection and subsequent healthcare use and costs: a medicaid claims analysis in early-preterm, late-preterm, and full-term infants. | abstract objective: healthcare use and costs within 1 year of a respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv-lri) among medicaid early-preterm and late-preterm infants compared with full-term infants were evaluated. methods: infants born during 2003-2005 were identified from the thomson reuters marketscan multi-state medicaid database. infants <1 year of age were grouped based on rsv-lri and unspecified bronchiolitis/pneumonia (ubp) diagnosis codes and stratified by inpatie ... | 2011 | 21524154 |
| current progress on development of respiratory syncytial virus vaccine. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children worldwide. despite its importance as a respiratory pathogen, there is currently no licensed vaccine for prophylaxis of hrsv infection. there are several hurdles complicating the development of a rsv vaccine: 1) incomplete immunity to natural rsv infection leading to frequent re-infection, 2) immature immune system and maternal antibodies of newborn infants who are ... | 2011 | 21524347 |
| viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in northern taiwan. | lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) comprise a great proportion of diagnoses among hospitalized children. this study identifies the viral pathogens causing lrtis in young children and compares their clinical features and disease severity. | 2011 | 21524612 |
| are empiric antibiotics for acute exudative tonsillitis needed in children? | background: empiric antibiotics are frequently given for children with acute exudative tonsillitis. a few studies have investigated the causative agent of acute "exudative" tonsillitis in children to evaluate the necessity of antibiotic therapy. this study tried to explore the common causative agent of acute exudative tonsillitis among children. methods: from april 2009 to march 2010, throat swabs were obtained and cultured for viruses and bacteria from children who visited the pediatric emergen ... | 2011 | 21524968 |
| [prokaryotic expression for fusion protein of human metapneumovirus and its preliminary application as an antigen for antibody detection]. | to understand the effectiveness of prokaryotic expression of fusion protein (f) of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and its application as antigen, f proteins from different genotypes of hmpv were expressed in prokaryotic expression system and purified by ni-nta affinity chromatography column. according to the hydrophobicity, antigen index and surface probability of f protein, the subunit 1 (f1) region of f protein was generated and expressed in e. coil. bl21(de3). the 6-his-f1 proteins with molecul ... | 2011 | 21528539 |
| clinical study concerning the relationship between community-acquired pneumonia and viral infection in northern thailand. | objective the etiological agents associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in thailand have been studied extensively in bacterial pathogens, but not in viral pathogens. to clarify the association of viral pathogens with cap, we conducted a comprehensive study of viral and bacterial pathogens in patients with cap. methods we enrolled 119 hospitalized patients with cap in nakornping hospital, chiang mai, thailand between 2006 and 2008. the severity of pneumonia was classified and the risk ... | 2011 | 21532221 |
| mxa rna quantification in febrile patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiency. | the presence of myxovirus resistance protein a (mxa) rna was studied in 55 febrile children with primary immunodeficiency, 27 of whom underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation, and in 28 age-matched controls. the level of mxa rna was above the cutoff, established as the 95th percentile found in controls, with primary immunodeficiency either undergoing transplantation or not in febrile patients, and with a documented diagnosis of infection by adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, re ... | 2011 | 21532489 |
| respiratory syncytial virus interferon antagonist ns1 protein suppresses and skews the human t lymphocyte response. | we recently demonstrated that the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) ns1 protein, an antagonist of host type i interferon (ifn-i) production and signaling, has a suppressive effect on the maturation of human dendritic cells (dc) that was only partly dependent on released ifn-i. here we investigated whether ns1 affects the ability of dc to activate cd8+ and cd4+ t cells. human dc were infected with rsv deletion mutants lacking the ns1 and/or ns2 genes and assayed for the ability to activate autolo ... | 2011 | 21533073 |
| viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years. | acute respiratory infection (ari) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. this study aimed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial causes of different severities and clinical manifestations of ari in preschool children from low-income families in north-east brazil. | 2011 | 21533115 |
| rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis and asthma development. | to cite this article: jartti t, korppi m. rhinovirus-induced bronchiolitis and asthma development. pediatr allergy immunol 2011; 22: 350-355. abstract: human rhinovirus (hrv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are commonly associated with bronchiolitis. the breaking point in the dominance is approximately 12 months - rhinovirus dominates in the older children. predisposition may markedly increase the prevalence of hrv bronchiolitis. especially, low interferon responses and atopy-related facto ... | 2011 | 21535176 |
| a classification study of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibitors by variable selection with random forest. | experimental pec(50)s for 216 selective respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) inhibitors are used to develop classification models as a potential screening tool for a large library of target compounds. variable selection algorithm coupled with random forests (vs-rf) is used to extract the physicochemical features most relevant to the rsv inhibition. based on the selected small set of descriptors, four other widely used approaches, i.e., support vector machine (svm), gaussian process (gp), linear dis ... | 2011 | 21541057 |
| frequent detection of respiratory viruses without symptoms: towards defining clinically relevant cut-off values? | highly sensitive techniques like pcr have greatly improved the detection of respiratory viruses. however, the sensitivity of pcr tests at the same time complicates clinical interpretation as the presence of low amounts of viral targets may not necessarily have clinical relevance. we performed a prospective case control study in asymptomatic and symptomatic young children. pcr detection of 14 respiratory viruses was performed in nasal washes, and results were quantified in copies per milliliter. ... | 2011 | 21543571 |
| detection of ki polyomavirus and wu polyomavirus dna by real-time pcr in nasopharyngeal swabs and in normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissues. | polyomaviruses ki (kipyv) and wu (wupyv) were detected from 7 (3.0%) and 38 (16.4%) of 232 children with respiratory tract infections by real-time pcr. the rates of single infection of kipyv and wupyv were 3 (42.9%) of 7 and 20 (52.6%) of 38, respectively. in other samples, various viruses (human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus 1 and human bocavirus) were detected simultaneously. one case was positive for kipyv and wupyv and also f ... | 2011 | 21545509 |
| design and characterization of epitope-scaffold immunogens that present the motavizumab epitope from respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, but an effective vaccine has not yet been developed. an ideal vaccine would elicit protective antibodies while avoiding virus-specific t-cell responses, which have been implicated in vaccine-enhanced disease with previous rsv vaccines. we propose that heterologous proteins designed to present rsv-neutralizing antibody epitopes and to elicit cognate antibodies have the potential to fulfill these vaccine ... | 2011 | 21549714 |
| high mortality in patients with influenza a ph1n1 2009 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit: a predictive model of mortality. | objective:: to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients admitted to pediatric intensive care with influenza a (ph1n1) 2009 in argentina. design:: retrospective observational study. setting:: thirteen pediatric intensive care units in argentina. subjects:: •••. interventions:: none. measurements and main results:: we included 142 critically ill patients. the median age was 19 months (range, 2-110 months) with 39% of the patients <24 months of age. ninety-nine patients (70%) h ... | 2011 | 21552180 |
| cord blood vitamin d deficiency is associated with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important pathogen causing severe lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in infants. epidemiologic and basic studies suggest that vitamin d may protect against rsv lrti. | 2011 | 21555499 |
| inhibition of respiratory syncytial virus in vitro and in vivo by the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the primary cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children worldwide and is often the cause of infections in bone marrow, solid organ transplant, cystic fibrosis and congenital heart disease patients, as well as respiratory tract disease in elderly adults. treatment options are limited to ribavirin, which is only marginally effective, and passive immunoprophylaxis, which is very expensive. the immunosuppressive agent leflunomide has been s ... | 2011 | 21555813 |
| an nf-{kappa}b signaling pathway via pkc{delta} regulates replication of respiratory syncytial virus in polarized normal human nasal epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of bronchitis, asthma and severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children. the airway epithelium, which has a well-developed barrier regulated by tight junctions, is the first line of defense during respiratory virus infection. however, in upper airway human nasal epithelial cells (hnecs) the primary site of rsv infection, the mechanisms of replication and budding of rsv and the epithelial cell responses, including the tig ... | 2011 | 21562222 |
| [rsv infection course in infants and young children during hospitalization]. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a widespread among the youngest group of pediatric patients, especially in the young infant, when the immune system is just being formed. a lot of children up to 5 year-old suffer infection many times, not only because of easy pathogen transfer, but also primary incidence of disease doesn't give permanent immunity. this study retrospectively analyses a group of children with confirmed during epidemic period rsv infection. particular attention was pa ... | 2011 | 21563448 |
| exposure to sodium tungstate and respiratory syncytial virus results in hematological/immunological disease in c57bl/6j mice. | the etiology of childhood leukemia is not known. strong evidence indicates that precursor b-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-b all) is a genetic disease originating in utero. environmental exposures in two concurrent, childhood leukemia clusters have been profiled and compared with geographically similar control communities. the unique exposures, shared in common by the leukemia clusters, have been modeled in c57bl/6 mice utilizing prenatal exposures. this previous investigation has sugges ... | 2011 | 21565177 |
| the effect of steroid use in hospitalized adults with respiratory syncytial virus related illness. | abstractrationale: systemic glucocorticosteroids (steroids) are commonly prescribed in patients with exacerbations of copd during acute viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). the effects of short term high dose steroid treatment on viral load and adaptive immunity to rsv have not been examined in adults. objectives: to measure peak viral load and duration of viral shedding, serum and nasal cytokines, rsv specific antibody response and lymphocyte subsets in patients admitted ... | 2011 | 21565965 |
| animal models of human respiratory syncytial virus disease. | infection with the human pneumovirus pathogen, respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), causes a wide spectrum of respiratory disease, notably among infants and the elderly. laboratory animal studies permit detailed experimental modeling of hrsv disease and are therefore indispensable in the search for novel therapies and preventative strategies. current animal models include several target species for hrsv, including chimpanzees, cattle, sheep, cotton rats and mice, as well as alternative animal pne ... | 2011 | 21571908 |
| [characteristics of human metapneumovirus respiratory tract infection in children and the relationship between the infection and meteorological conditions]. | to study the epidemiology of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in children and its relations with meteorological conditions in suzhou. | 2011 | 21575373 |
| commentary: why are young healthy term infants protected against respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis? | 2011 | 21577175 | |
| structural basis for immunization with postfusion respiratory syncytial virus fusion f glycoprotein (rsv f) to elicit high neutralizing antibody titers. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the main cause of infant bronchiolitis, remains a major unmet vaccine need despite more than 40 years of vaccine research. vaccine candidates based on a chief rsv neutralization antigen, the fusion (f) glycoprotein, have foundered due to problems with stability, purity, reproducibility, and potency. crystal structures of related parainfluenza f glycoproteins have revealed a large conformational change between the prefusion and postfusion states, suggesting that ... | 2011 | 21586636 |
| protocol for recombinant rbd-based sars vaccines: protein preparation, animal vaccination and neutralization detection. | based on their safety profile and ability to induce potent immune responses against infections, subunit vaccines have been used as candidates for a wide variety of pathogens (1-3). since the mammalian cell system is capable of post-translational modification, thus forming properly folded and glycosylated proteins, recombinant proteins expressed in mammalian cells have shown the greatest potential to maintain high antigenicity and immunogenicity (4-6). although no new cases of sars have been repo ... | 2011 | 21587153 |
| protection from persistent infection with a bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1b strain by a modified-live vaccine containing bvdv types 1a and 2, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, parainfluenza 3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. | recent studies showed that bvdv-1b subgenotype is dominant in north and south american field bvdv isolates. however, nearly all commercially available bvdv-1 vaccines contain bvdv-1a strains. in order to study the efficacy of bvdv-1a vaccine against bvdv-1b infection, this study was designed to evaluate a modified-live vaccine (mlv) containing bvdv-1a and bvdv-2 strains for its efficacy in prevention of persistent infection of fetuses against bvdv-1b strain, when the heifers were vaccinated prio ... | 2011 | 21596076 |
| mutation of the elongin c binding domain of human respiratory syncytial virus non-structural protein 1 (ns1) results in degradation of ns1 and attenuation of the virus. | abstract: background: human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in the paediatic population, immunocompromised individuals and the elderly worldwide. however, despite global efforts over the past several decades there are no commercially available vaccines. rsv encodes 2 non-structural proteins, ns1 and ns2, that are type i interferon antagonists. rsv restricts type i interferon signaling and the expression of antiviral genes by degrading st ... | 2011 | 21600055 |
| sp-a1, sp-a2 and sp-d gene polymorphisms in severe acute respiratory syncytial infection in chilean infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the principal pathogen that causes acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in infants. severe rsv-alri has been associated with the host genetic susceptibility. to assess whether severe rsv disease in infants is associated with certain single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) into the gene of sp-a1, sp-a2 and sp-d, a prospective study was performed among blood donors and rsv-infected infants aged <or=6 months, considering their severity, according to a str ... | 2011 | 21601013 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection as a precipitant of thyroid storm in a previously undiagnosed case of graves' disease in a prepubertal girl. | graves' disease is less common in prepubertal than pubertal children, and initial presentation with thyroid storm is rare. we report an 11-year-old prepubertal hispanic girl who presented with a one-day history of respiratory distress, fever, and dysphagia. she had exophthalmos, a diffuse bilateral goiter and was agitated, tachycardic, and hypertensive. nasal swab was positive for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). she was diagnosed with thyroid storm and admitted to the pediatric intensive care ... | 2011 | 21603250 |
| development of a low-resource rna extraction cassette based on surface tension valves. | nucleic acid-based diagnostics are highly sensitive and specific, but are easily disrupted by the presence of interferents in biological samples. in a laboratory or hospital setting, the influence of these interferents can be minimized using an rna or dna extraction procedure prior to analysis. however, in low-resource settings, limited access to specialized instrumentation and trained personnel presents challenges that impede sample preparation. we have developed a self-contained nucleic acid e ... | 2011 | 21604768 |
| structure of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein in the post-fusion conformation reveals preservation of neutralizing epitopes. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) invades host cells via a type i fusion (f) glycoprotein that undergoes dramatic structural rearrangements during the fusion process. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies such as 101f, palivizumab, and motavizumab, target two major antigenic sites on the rsv f glycoprotein. structures of these sites as peptide complexes with motavizumab and 101f have been previously determined, but a structure of the trimeric rsv f glycoprotein ectodomain has remained elusive. to a ... | 2011 | 21613394 |
| relationship between rantes polymorphisms and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in a japanese infant population. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important virus associated with bronchiolitis in infants and young children. the regulated upon activation, normal t-cell expressed and secreted protein (rantes, also known as ccl5) appears to be a key player in the etiology of rsv-infected airway inflammation. in this study, we genotyped three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the rantes gene: -403g/a, -28c/g, and in1.1t/c in 59 infants with severe rsv bronchiolitis and 201 control subjects. the fr ... | 2011 | 21617311 |
| detection of nine respiratory rna viruses using three multiplex rt-pcr assays incorporating a novel rna internal control transcript. | real-time pcr is a significant improvement over viral isolation and immunofluorescence for routinely detecting respiratory viruses. we developed three real-time internally controlled multiplex rt-pcr assays for detecting nine respiratory viruses. an internal control transcript consisting of a chimeric plasmid was synthesised and incorporated into each multiplex to monitor amplification efficiency, including inhibition. each multiplex assay was developed on the rotor-gene 3000 and evaluated using ... | 2011 | 21620897 |
| genes controlling vaccine responses and disease resistance to respiratory viral pathogens in cattle. | farm animals remain at risk of endemic, exotic and newly emerging viruses. vaccination is often promoted as the best possible solution, and yet for many pathogens, either there are no appropriate vaccines or those that are available are far from ideal. a complementary approach to disease control may be to identify genes and chromosomal regions that underlie genetic variation in disease resistance and response to vaccination. however, identification of the causal polymorphisms is not straightforw ... | 2011 | 21621277 |
| viral ventilator-associated pneumonia: uncovering tip of the iceberg. | context: hospital-acquired infections are frequently encountered by the physicians for ailments demanding prolonged hospitalization, especially in intensive care units, where patients are often mechanically ventilated. the organisms most often implicated are bacteria; viral etiology is infrequent. aims: the study aims at reviewing lung pathology at autopsy in mechanically ventilated children admitted in pediatric intensive care unit (picu) to assess the incidence of viral ventilator-associated p ... | 2011 | 21623086 |
| inhibition activities of polysaccharide (rg4-1) from gentiana rigescens against rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. with the emergence of drug-resistant strains of rsv, new antiviral agents are needed urgently. gentiana rigescens is a kind of chinese herb, belonging to gentianaceae, which has long been used as a folk medicine for curing inflammation, bacterial infection, viral infection, and so on. in this research, polysaccharide designated rg4-1 was isolated from g. rigescens by ... | 2011 | 21623514 |
| [characteristics and the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the correlation with climatic factors of hospitalized children in suzhou children's hospital.] | objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infection and its relations to climatic factors in suzhou. methods: from 2006 to 2009, viral etiology surveillance was conducted among 6655 children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections (aris). direct immunofluorescence method was used to test respiratory secretion samples for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses a and b (inf-a, inf-b), parainfluenza virus types i, ii, and iii (pinf-i, pi ... | 2011 | 21624230 |
| a cost-effective method for simultaneous homo-oligomeric size determination and monodispersity conditions for membrane proteins. | the use of blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (bn-page) has been reported in the literature to retain both water-soluble and membrane protein complexes in their native hetero-oligomeric state and to determine the molecular weight of membrane proteins. however, membrane proteins show abnormal mobility when compared with water-soluble markers. although one could use membrane proteins as markers or apply a conversion factor to the observed molecular weight to account for the bound cooma ... | 2011 | 21624344 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in an allogeneic cell transplant recipient with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and antecedent rsv pneumonitis. | we report a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) following respiratory syncytial virus infection in an allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipient with chronic graft-versus-host disease. delayed diagnosis of ipa resulted in the development of a pneumothorax, a rare consequence of fungal pneumonia. respiratory virus infections are often harbingers of other infective organisms in hsct recipients. more aggressive diagnostic investigations such as computed tomography sca ... | 2011 | 21625303 |
| approach to a child with lower airway obstruction and bronchiolitis. | lower airway obstruction can occur at the level of trachea, bronchi or bronchioles. it is characterized clinically by wheeze and hyperinflated chest, apart from other signs of respiratory distress. common causes include bronchiolitis, asthma, pneumonia, laryngotracheo-bronchitis, congenital malformations and foreign body inhalation. bronchiolitis usually occurs in children aged 2 months to 2 years. it is most commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus infection. the diagnosis is mainly clini ... | 2011 | 21625831 |
| microbiology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in children with acute nonresponding or recurrent community-acquired pneumonia: identification of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae as a major pathogen. | background. precise etiologic diagnosis in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (cap) remains challenging. methods. we conducted a retrospective study of cap etiology in 2 groups of pediatric patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy (fob) with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal); children with acute nonresponsive cap (nr-cap; n = 127) or recurrent cap (rec-cap; n = 123). procedural measures were taken to limit contamination risk and quantitative bacterial culture of bal fluid (significance cutoff ... | 2011 | 21628484 |
| the human metapneumovirus: a case series and review of the literature. | s. shahda, w.g. carlos, p.j. kiel, b.a. khan, c.a. hage. the human metapneumovirus: a case series and review of the literature transpl infect dis 2011: 13: 324-328. all rights reserved abstract: human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an emerging human pulmonary pathogen that is genetically related to respiratory syncytial virus. it has been increasingly associated with respiratory illnesses over the last few decades. immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible with resultant morbidity and m ... | 2011 | 21631655 |
| a novel mechanism for inhibition of irf-3-dependent gene expression by human respiratory syncytial virus ns1 protein. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type i interferon (ifn)-dependent signaling, as well as ifn synthesis. rsv nonstructural protein ns1 plays a significant role in this inhibition, however the mechanism(s) responsible are not fully known. the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (irf)-3 is essential for viral-induced ifn-α synthesis. in this study, we found that ns1 protein inhibits irf-3-dependent gene trans ... | 2011 | 21632562 |
| n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) inhibit mucin synthesis and pro-inflammatory mediators in alveolar type ii epithelial cells infected with influenza virus a and b and with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). | 64% of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) exacerbations are caused by respiratory infections including influenza (strains a and b) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). they affect the airway epithelium increasing inflammatory and apoptosis events through mechanisms involving ros generation, and induce the release of mucins from epithelial cells that are involved in the deterioration of the patient's health during the course of the disease. the antioxidant nac has proved useful in the ... | 2011 | 21635874 |
| nationwide surveillance of 18 respiratory viruses in patients with influenza-like illnesses: a pilot feasibility study in the french sentinel network. | the aim of the present study was to test the feasibility of integrating the diagnosis of 18 respiratory viruses into clinical surveillance of influenza-like illness using a pcr-dna microarray detection assay. the study took place in the french sentinel network, a nationwide surveillance network of general practitioners (gps) representative of french gps in terms age, location, and type of practice (urban/rural). three virological laboratories also participated in the study. the study was planned ... | 2011 | 21638286 |
| intrinsic phenotypic differences of asthmatic epithelium and its inflammatory responses to rsv and air pollution. | a substantial proportion of the healthcare costs associated with asthma are due to exacerbations of the disease. within the airway, the epithelium forms the mucosal immune barrier, the first structural cell defense against common environmental insults such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and particulate matter. objective: to characterize the phenotype of differentiated asthmatic derived airway epithelial cultures and their intrinsic inflammatory responses to environmental challenges. method ... | 2011 | 21642587 |
| differential effects of corticosteroids on serum eosinophil cationic protein and cytokine production in rhinovirus- and respiratory syncytial virus-induced acute exacerbation of childhood asthma. | little information is available on eosinophil activation and the cytokine profile in virus-induced acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma; therefore, we examined the effects of treatments that included systemic corticosteroids on serum eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) and 17 cytokines/chemokines in rhinovirus- and respiratory syncytial (rs) virus-induced acute exacerbation of childhood asthma. | 2011 | 21646800 |
| classification of acute encephalopathy in respiratory syncytial virus infection. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known to be associated with central nervous system symptoms such as convulsions. we investigated cytokines, nitrogen oxide (no)( x ), and the viral genome in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) obtained from children with rsv infection-related convulsions or central nervous symptoms and compared the data with type of encephalopathy. of nine patients enrolled (six boys and three girls; aged 10 days-3 years), one metabolic error, five excitotoxicity, one c ... | 2011 | 21647570 |
| viral agents causing lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children: evaluation of the speed-oligo® rsv assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the viral agent which is more frequently involved in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in infants under 1 year of age in developed countries. a new oligochromatographic assay, speed-oligo® rsv, was designed and optimized for the specific detection and identification of rsv subtypes a and b. the test was evaluated in 289 clinical samples from 169 hospitalized children using an immunochromatography (ic) test, virus isolation by culture, and an in-house ... | 2011 | 21647616 |
| severity of viral coinfection in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to compare the severity of single respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections with that of coinfections. | 2011 | 21655684 |
| prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized children presenting with acute lower respiratory tract infections. | objective: to evaluate the prevalence of rsv among hospitalized young children presenting with alri in bangalore, india. methods: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen detection was performed by direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) staining on 77 nasopharyngeal wash samples collected from hospitalized children below 2 years of age with a diagnosis of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri). results: out of 77 samples tested for rsv with dfa, 17 (22.1%) were found rsv-positive with a mea ... | 2011 | 21660398 |
| a molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in japanese children with acute wheezing illness. | recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. however, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is not exactly known. | 2011 | 21663657 |
| economic evaluation of palivizumab in children with congenital heart disease: a canadian perspective. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. in children with congenital heart disease (chd), it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody that reduces the number of rsv-associated hospitalizations in children with chd. we sought to assess cost savings and cost-effectiveness of palivizumab in children < 2 years old with hemodynamically significant chd in a provincially administered rsv prophylaxis program. | 2011 | 21664100 |
| hospital-acquired viral infection increases mortality in children with severe viral respiratory infection. | objective:: to investigate the association of method of acquisition (hospital-acquired vs. community-acquired) and mortality in children with severe viral respiratory infection. design:: retrospective cohort study. setting:: pediatric intensive care unit at an urban academic tertiary care children's hospital. patients:: all patients aged <18 yrs admitted to our pediatric intensive care unit with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, parainfluenza, or adenovirus infection b ... | 2011 | 21666538 |
| seroepidemiological study of bovine respiratory viruses (brsv, bohv-1, pi-3v, bvdv, and bav-3) in dairy cattle in central region of iran (esfahan province). | respiratory diseases in calves are responsible for major economic losses in both beef and dairy production. several viruses, such as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine herpes virus-1 (bohv-1), bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (bpi-3v), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and bovine adenoviruses (bav), are detected in most clinical cases with respiratory signs. the aim of this study is to define seroprevalences of five major viral causes of bovine respiratory infections in cattle in ce ... | 2011 | 21667075 |
| multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children. | please cite this paper as: martin et┬áal. (2011) multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00265.x00 (00), 000-000. backgroundôçé molecular testing for viral pathogens has resulted in increasing detection of multiple viruses in respiratory secretions of ill children. the clinical impact of multiple virus infections on clinical presentation and outco ... | 2011 | 21668660 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. | please cite this paper as: zuccotti et┬áal. (2011) epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00263.x. backgroundôçé seasonal influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are primary causes of acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in children. new respiratory viruses including human metapneumovirus (hmpv ... | 2011 | 21668662 |
| il10 family member genes il19 and il20 are associated with recurrent wheeze after respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. | mechanisms underlying the increased risk of recurrent wheeze following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (rsv lrti) are unclear. specifically, information about genetic determinants of recurrent wheeze following rsv lrti is limited. we performed a candidate gene association study to identify genetic determinants of recurrent wheeze following rsv lrti. we investigated 346 single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in 220 candidate genes in 166 dutch infants hospitalized fo ... | 2011 | 21814157 |
| household tobacco smoke and admission weight predict severe bronchiolitis in infants independent of deprivation: prospective cohort study. | to examine demographic, environmental and clinical factors associated with severe bronchiolitis in infants admitted to hospital and quantify the independent effects of these factors. | 2011 | 21811609 |
| liu-he-tang inhibited plaque formation by human respiratory syncytial virus infection in cell lines of the human respiratory tract. | ethnopharmacological relevance: liu-he-tang (lht) has been used to treat adult respiratory tract infection with productive cough and fever for a thousand years in ancient china. adults with respiratory tract infection of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) can have symptoms similar to those managed by lht. therefore, lht is supposed to be beneficial for adult hrsv infection. however, lht does not have any antiviral activity to support its use against hrsv infection. aim of the study: hrsv i ... | 2011 | 21810459 |
| nutrition economics: an innovative approach to informed public health management. | the role of nutrition to optimize the use of scarce resources through its linkage with health and welfare should be considered of interest by healthcare decision makers. a favorable impact of food on non-communicable disorders and general health status will improve healthcare expenditure and quality of life.in health economics, an analysis of the costs and effects of a healthcare technology by means of a cost-effectiveness analysis has become an established tool. projections about the effectiven ... | 2011 | 21810421 |
| innate immunity proteins and a new truncated form of splunc1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates from infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | purpose: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants. the aim was to identify host defence components in nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) from infants with rsv infection and to study the expression of the novel 25 kda innate immunity protein splunc1. experimental design: npas from infants were analyzed with 2-de and ms in a pilot study. the levels of splunc1 were analyzed with immunoblotting in 47 npas, admitted for rsv diagnosis. resu ... | 2011 | 21805676 |
| respiratory syncytial virus therapy and prophylaxis: have we finally turned the corner? | 2011 | 21804160 | |
| absence of vaccine-enhanced rsv disease and changes in pulmonary dendritic cells with adenovirus-based rsv vaccine. | abstract: the development of a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been hampered by the risk for vaccine-enhanced rsv pulmonary disease induced by immunization with formalin-inactivated rsv (firsv). this study focuses on the evaluation of vaccine-enhanced pulmonary disease following immunization with adf.rgd, an integrin-targeted adenovirus vector that expresses the rsv f protein and includes an rgd (arg-gly-asp) motif. immunization of balb/c mice with adf.rgd, resulted in anti ... | 2011 | 21801372 |
| synthesis, antiviral and cytotoxic investigation of 2-phenyl-3-substituted quinazolin-4(3h)-ones. | a series of 3(benzylideneamino)-2-phenyl quinazoline-4(3h)-ones was synthesized by reaction of 3-amino-2-phenyl-3h-quinazoline-4-one with various carbonyl compounds. | 2011 | 21796872 |
| characterization of the interaction between human respiratory syncytial virus and the cell cycle in continuous cell culture and primary human airway epithelial cells. | viruses can create conditions inside cells more favorable for replication and progeny virus production. one way of doing this is through manipulation of the cell cycle, a process that describes the ordered growth and division of cells. analysis of model cell lines such as a549 cells and primary airway epithelial cells infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) has shown alteration of the cell cycle during infection, although the signaling events were not clearly understood. in this s ... | 2011 | 21795354 |
| mhc-dependent ctl repertoire and functional avidity contribute to strain-specific disease susceptibility after murine rsv infection. | susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in mice is genetically determined. while rsv causes little pathology in c57bl/6 mice, pulmonary inflammation and weight loss occur in balb/c mice. using mhc congenic mice, we observed that the h-2(d) allele can partially transfer disease susceptibility to c57bl/6 mice. this was not explained by altered viral elimination or differences in the magnitude of the overall virus-specific ctl response. however, h-2(d) mice showed a more focus ... | 2011 | 21795345 |
| multiple functional domains and complexes of the two nonstructural proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus contribute to interferon suppression and cellular location. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a major cause of severe respiratory diseases, efficiently suppresses cellular innate immunity, represented by type i interferon (ifn), using its two unique nonstructural proteins, ns1 and ns2. in searching for their mechanism, ns1 was previously shown to decrease levels of traf3 and ikke, whereas ns2 interacted with rig-i and decreased traf3 and stat2. here, we report on the interaction, cellular localization and functional domains of these two proteins. ... | 2011 | 21795342 |
| whole genome characterization of non-tissue culture adapted hrsv strains in severely infected children. | abstract: background: human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the most important virus causing lower respiratory infection in young children. the complete genetic characterization of rsv clinical strains is a prerequisite for understanding hrsv infection in the clinical context. current information about the genetic structure of the hrsv genome has largely been obtained using tissue culture adapted viruses. during tissue culture adaptation genetic changes can be introduced into the virus gen ... | 2011 | 21794174 |
| comparison of risk factors between preterm and term infants hospitalized for severe respiratory syncytial virus in the russian federation. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants. preterm birth, in addition to several demographic and environmental factors, increases the risk for development of severe rsv infection. the purpose of this study was to describe differences in risk factors and protective factors between preterm birth (up to 35 weeks' gestational age) and term infants hospitalized for rsv lower respiratory tract infection in the russian federation during the 200 ... | 2011 | 21792335 |
| a novel inactivated intranasal respiratory syncytial virus vaccine promotes viral clearance without th2 associated vaccine-enhanced disease. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children worldwide, and no vaccine is currently available. inactivated rsv vaccines tested in the 1960's led to vaccine-enhanced disease upon viral challenge, which has undermined rsv vaccine development. rsv infection is increasingly being recognized as an important pathogen in the elderly, as well as other individuals with compromised pulmonary immunity. a safe and effective inactivated rsv vaccine wou ... | 2011 | 21789184 |
| increased detection of respiratory viruses in paediatric outpatients with acute respiratory illness by real-time polymerase chain reaction using nasopharyngeal flocked swabs. | detection of respiratory viruses by realtime multiplexed pcr (m-pcr) and of rsv by m-pcr and immunofluorescence(if) was evaluated using specimens collected by nasopharyngeal flocked swab(nfs) and nasal wash(nw). in children with mild respiratory illness, nfs collection was superior to nw collection for detection of viruses by m-pcr (sensitivity 89.6% vs 79.2%, p=0.0043). nfs collection was non-inferior to nw collection in detecting rsv by if. | 2011 | 21775539 |
| clara cell protein 10 polymorphism is not associated with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | aim: to investigate a possible correlation between severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and single-nucleotide polymorphism in the clara cell protein 10 (cc10) gene (a38g). methods: children hospitalized with severe rsv lower respiratory tract (ltri) infection at karolinska university hospital stockholm during three subsequent rsv seasons were selected and genotyped. age-matched controls were used. the two groups were compared regarding single nucleotide polymorphism in the cc10 g ... | 2011 | 21767304 |
| characterization of 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza in a population of dutch children with influenza-like signs and symptoms. | aim: to determine causative respiratory pathogens and describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics in a paediatric population with influenza-like illness during the 2009 h1n1-pandemic. methods: observational study of 412 children visiting an outpatient clinic of a dutch teaching hospital. results: from august to december 2009, 412 children were tested at the clinic; 32% proved h1n1-positive, confirmed by reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (rt-pcr). pathogens were detecte ... | 2011 | 21767303 |
| the role of rsv infection in asthma initiation and progression: findings in a mouse model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of severe lower respiratory tract diseases (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) during infancy and early childhood. there is increasing evidence which indicates that severe pulmonary disease caused by rsv infection in infancy is associated with recurrent wheezing and development of asthma later in childhood. however, the underlying mechanisms linking rsv infection to persistent airway hyperresponsiveness and dysfunction are not fully defined. to study ... | 2011 | 21766019 |
| infection in immunocompromised hosts and the organ transplant recipient -essentials. | 2011 | 21748845 | |
| role of the fas/fasl system in a model of rsv infection in mechanically ventilated mice. | infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in children can progress to respiratory distress and acute lung injury (ali) necessitating mechanical ventilation (mv). mv enhances apoptosis and inflammation in mice infected with pneumonia virus of mice (pvm), a mouse pneumovirus that has been used as a model for severe rsv infection in mice. we hypothesized that the fas/fas ligand (fasl) system, a dual pro-apoptotic/pro-inflammatory system involved in other forms of lung injury, is required for ... | 2011 | 21743025 |
| steroids for respiratory syncytial virus: is it finally time to just say "no"? | 2011 | 21685761 | |
| circulating strains of human respiratory syncytial virus in central and south america. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children. hrsv strains vary genetically and antigenically and have been classified into two broad subgroups, a and b (hrsv-a and hrsv-b, respectively). to date, little is known about the circulating strains of hrsv in latin america. we have evaluated the genetic diversity of 96 hrsv strains by sequencing a variable region of the g protein gene of isolates collected from 2 ... | 2011 | 21829605 |
| identification of deletion mutant respiratory syncytial virus strains lacking most of the g protein in immunocompromised children with pneumonia in south africa. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein deletion mutants replicate effectively in vitro but have not been detected in nature. subtyping of rsv strains in hospitalized children in south africa identified g protein pcr amplicons significantly reduced in size in 2 out of 209 clinical specimens screened over 4 years. sequence analysis revealed subtype b strains lacking nearly the entire g protein ectodomain in one hiv-positive and one hiv-exposed child hospitalized with pneumonia. the associatio ... | 2011 | 21680500 |
| comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of eight respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription-pcr assays. | many acute respiratory illness surveillance systems collect and test nasopharyngeal (np) and/or oropharyngeal (op) swab specimens, yet there are few studies assessing the relative measures of performance for np versus op specimens. | 2011 | 21738731 |
| topology and cellular localization of the small hydrophobic protein of avian metapneumovirus. | the small hydrophobic protein (sh) is a type ii integral membrane protein that is packaged into virions and is only present in certain paramyxoviruses including metapneumovirus. in addition to a highly divergent primary sequence, sh proteins vary significantly in size amongst the different viruses. human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) encodes the smallest sh protein consisting of only 64 amino acids, while metapneumoviruses have the longest sh protein ranging from 174 to 179 amino acids in l ... | 2011 | 21683102 |
| multiple cd4+ t cell subsets produce immunomodulatory il-10 during respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the host immune response is believed to contribute to the severity of pulmonary disease induced by acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. because rsv-induced pulmonary disease is associated with immunopathology, we evaluated the role of il-10 in modulating the rsv-specific immune response. we found that il-10 protein levels in the lung were increased following acute rsv infection, with maximum production corresponding to the peak of the virus-specific t cell response. the majority of ... | 2011 | 21844390 |
| a review of palivizumab and emerging therapies for respiratory syncytial virus. | introduction: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pathogen in children and adults; however, current treatment options are primarily supportive. palivizumab, the only approved specific monoclonal antibody for rsv is used prophylactically to reduce morbidity in a select population of high-risk children. areas covered: the development and current use of palivizumab; the potential role of palivizumab as preventive therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma and compromised immune ... | 2011 | 21831008 |
| wu polyomavirus infection among children in south china. | this study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by wu polyomavirus (wupyv) in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the second affiliated hospital of shantou university, medical college from july 2008 to june 2009. wupyv was detected by t ... | 2011 | 21678448 |
| epidemiological study of hospitalization associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection in taiwanese children between 2004 and 2007. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of hospitalization in young children. the population-based burden of rsv hospitalization and the effect of potential risk factors on the severity of illness were evaluated in taiwanese children. | 2011 | 21741007 |
| low ccr7-mediated migration of human monocyte derived dendritic cells in response to human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and, to a lesser extent, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), can re-infect symptomatically throughout life without significant antigenic change, suggestive of incomplete or short-lived immunity. in contrast, re-infection by influenza a virus (iav) largely depends on antigenic change, suggestive of more complete immunity. antigen presentation by dendritic cells (dc) is critical in initiating the adaptive immune respon ... | 2011 | 21731495 |
| antibody response and avidity of respiratory syncytial virus-specific total igg, igg1, and igg3 in young children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of acute respiratory disease in infants and young children. considering that several aspects of the humoral immune response to rsv infection remain unclear, this study aimed to investigate the occurrence, levels, and avidity of total igg, igg1, and igg3 antibodies against rsv in serum samples from children ôëñ5 years old. in addition, a possible association between antibody avidity and severity of illness was examined. the occurrence and levels ... | 2011 | 21837801 |
| autocrine regulation of pulmonary inflammation by effector t-cell derived il-10 during infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading viral cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young infants. clinical studies have documented that certain polymorphisms in the gene encoding the regulatory cytokine il-10 are associated with the development of severe bronchiolitis in rsv infected infants. here, we examined the role of il-10 in a murine model of primary rsv infection and found that high levels of il-10 are produced in the respiratory tract by anti-viral effect ... | 2011 | 21829368 |
| lung function prior to viral lower respiratory tract infections in prematurely born infants. | prematurely born infants who develop respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) have lung function abnormalities at follow-up. the aim of this study was to determine whether prematurely born infants who developed symptomatic rsv, or other viral lrti(s), had poorer premorbid lung function than infants who did not develop lrtis during the rsv season. | 2011 | 21447496 |
| comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit. | aim: to describe the clinical presentation and course of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection, and compare them with children admitted to the picu with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. methods: hmpv was identified by immunofluorescence in 22 children admitted to the picu over a 16-month period. the medical records of these children were reviewed retrospectively, and their clinical and laboratory data were compare ... | 2011 | 21449904 |
| detection of respiratory viruses by pcr assay of nasopharyngeal swabs stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol transport medium. | we analyzed 129 paired nasopharyngeal aspirates (stored in viral transport medium [vtm]) and nasopharyngeal swabs (stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol [stgg] bacterial transport and storage medium) using pcrs to detect adenoviruses, influenza virus a or b, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). overall, swabs stored in stgg medium without antimicrobials were found to be an acceptable alternative to aspirates stored in antimicrobial-containing vtm, with pcr agreement of 90.2% (kappa of ... | 2011 | 21450959 |
| [acute bronchiolitis: diagnosis and management]. | acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower respiratory tract. the infection is frequent among young children and is most commonly caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. the infection causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchioles which leads to obstructive breathing and respiratory difficulties. the diagnosis is primarily made by clinical examination; laboratory and radiological studies are of little value. treatment is principally supportive and symptomatic. the prognosis i ... | 2011 | 21451194 |
| viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized vietnamese children in ho chi minh city, 2004-2008. | the dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (aris) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized children in resource-limited tropical countries where morbidity and mortality caused by aris are highest. improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention. | 2011 | 21455313 |
| neurological complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children. | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) is a potentially life-saving treatment for patients in refractory cardiorespiratory failure. neurological complications that result from ecmo treatment are known to significantly impact patient survival and quality of life. the purpose of this study was to review the incidence of neurological complications of ecmo in the pediatric population and the role of neurosurgery in the treatment of these patients. | 2011 | 21456903 |
| evaluation of the calu-3 cell line as a model of in vitro respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication is primarily limited to the upper respiratory tract epithelium and primary, differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells (nhbe) have, therefore, been considered a good system for in vitro analysis of lung tissue response to respiratory virus infection and virus-host interactions. however, nhbe cells are expensive, difficult to culture, and vary with the source patient. an alternate approach is to use a continuous cell line that has features ... | 2011 | 21458491 |
| viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis. | viral infections of the lower respiratory tract cause an enormous disease burden in children, and the role of respiratory viruses in serious lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in older adults is increasingly appreciated. although viruses are responsible for a large proportion lrtis, antibiotics are often prescribed. new diagnostic platforms have the potential to detect a wider range of established and newly discovered viruses with greater sensitivity. this will create additional challeng ... | 2011 | 21460286 |
| dexamethasone in children mechanically ventilated for lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus: a randomized controlled trial. | to determine the efficacy of dexamethasone in the treatment of mechanically ventilated children with respiratory syncytial virus-severe lower respiratory tract infection. | 2011 | 21460709 |