Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| two cases of laryngeal leishmaniasis in patients infected with hiv. | a high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis has been documented in hiv-infected patients in endemic areas. in these patients, atypical locations and a chronic course of the disease are more frequent. two aids patients with laryngeal leishmaniasis are reported. these cases are believed to be the first of this type documented in the literature. the possible pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are discussed. infection with leishmania donovani may eventually be described for every organ containing p ... | 1994 | 7957275 |
| a frequently amplified region in leishmania contains a gene conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | a 27.5-kb sequence that is present in an approx. 2-mb chromosome in leishmania also occurs as an inverted dimer in a multicopy, 55-kb circular molecule (ld1) in leishmania infantum itmap263. sequence analysis of a 7100-bp cloned segment from the circular molecule revealed three open reading frames (orfs). the orfs are likely to have protein coding function by a number of criteria, including northern blot analyses. the amino acid (aa) sequences deduced from two orfs showed no similarity to other ... | 1994 | 7958944 |
| status of glutathione in lymphoid tissues of golden hamster during leishmania donovani infection. | during leishmania donovani infection of golden hamsters, changes in the glutathione levels of lymphoid tissues were observed. while in liver and thymus there was significant decrease in the levels of reduced and oxidised glutathione, that in spleen, bone marrow cells, peritoneal exudate cells and lymph nodes increased, indicating a role for host glutathione in establishing the infection. | 1994 | 7959849 |
| amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. | drug resistance is a significant impediment to the therapy of african sleeping sickness in humans. to evaluate molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance in african trypanosomes, a clonal strain of trypanosoma brucei gambiense, mpa10, was selected in medium containing mycophenolic acid (mpa), an inhibitor of imp dehydrogenase (impdh) activity. impdh activity in mpa10 cells was approximately 6-fold higher than that of wild type parental cells, although the enzymes in both strains wer ... | 1994 | 7961861 |
| comparative evaluation of serological tests in indian kala-azar. | data on 41 kala-azar patients were collected and the series of serological tests employed to diagnose the disease were compared depending upon their sensitivity and specificity indices. the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was found to be 100% sensitive and specific. the direct agglutination test (dat) involving detection of agglutinating antibodies against leishmania donovani was 97.2% efficient. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) had a specificity of 75% while other tests s ... | 1994 | 7966534 |
| a further study of ldt and ifat tests in evaluating the control of kala-azar in china. | kala-azar (ka) used to be highly prevalent in shandong province in china and, according to the survey made in 1950, the average prevalence rate was 350 per million. through mass treatment and sandfly control, the prevalence rate was brought down to 3 per 100,000 in 1958 and the disease was basically eliminated. since 1972, only 18 residual patients have been detected and no newly infected cases have appeared. in the meantime, the vector density had been reduced to such a low level that sandflies ... | 1994 | 7966538 |
| evolution of codon usage and base contents in kinetoplastid protozoans. | in this study we analyze and compare the trends in codon usage in five representative species of kinetoplastid protozoans (crithidia fasciculata, leishmania donovani, l. major, trypanosoma cruzi and t. brucei), with the purpose of investigating the processes underlying these trends. a principal component analysis shows that the g+c content at the third codon position represents the main source of codon-usage variation, both within species (among genes) and among species. the non-trypanosoma spec ... | 1994 | 7968492 |
| detection of ubiquinone in parasitic and free-living protozoa, including species devoid of mitochondria. | ubiquinone (coenzyme q, coq) was analyzed and individual homologues quantified in 11 species of parasitic and free-living protozoa by a combination of thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. fast atom bombardment ionization-mass spectrometry was used for the first time to confirm the identity of the fractionated coq homologues and proved to be a fast, gentle and convenient method for ubiquinone identification. ubiquinone was detected in all organisms including those ... | 1994 | 7969263 |
| structural organisation of microsatellite families in the leishmania genome and polymorphisms at two (ca)n loci. | in the present study, we have analysed the frequency and distribution of several microsatellite dnas [(ca)n, (ggt)n and (gca)n] in the genome of leishmania. hybridisation analysis on the molecular karyotypes of different leishmania strains showed the presence of these three microsatellites on all chromosomes of the parasite. the number of microsatellite clusters appeared grossly similar among strains from different old world complexes. however, these three microsatellite families showed an uneve ... | 1994 | 7969268 |
| saliva of lutzomyia longipalpis sibling species differs in its composition and capacity to enhance leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani chagasi parasites, transmitted by sandflies of the lutzomyia longipalpis species complex, normally cause visceral leishmaniasis. however, in central america infections frequently result in cutaneous disease. we undertook experiments to investigate the possible influence of sandfly saliva on the course of infection. erythemas caused by feeding sandflies correlated well with the levels of the erythema-inducing peptide, maxadilan, in their saliva. saliva of brazilian flies was t ... | 1994 | 7972360 |
| development of a rapid latex agglutination test for the detection of visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 7974667 | |
| differential expression of stress proteins in virulent and attenuated promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | induction of stress proteins in response to heat shock and/or ph shock was compared in virulent and attenuated promastigotes of leishmania donovani. the virulent strain showed increased expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) of 110, 83, 70, 65, 40 and 12 kda on heat shock (37 degrees c), while the attenuated form showed increased expression of hsps 83, 70 and 65 only. in response to a low ph (4.5), the virulent promastigotes showed a significantly greater increase in the relative synthesis of ... | 1994 | 7981656 |
| leishmania donovani-infected macrophages: characterization of the parasitophorous vacuole and potential role of this organelle in antigen presentation. | leishmania donovani amastigotes, the etiological agents of visceral leishmaniasis, are obligate intracellular parasites residing in membrane-bound compartments of macrophages called parasitophorous vacuoles (pv). the study of these organelles is of paramount importance to understanding how these parasites resist the microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages and how they escape the immune response of their hosts. confocal microscopy of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with l. donovani ... | 1994 | 7983173 |
| a rapid, single-step purification method for immunogenic members of the hsp 70 family: validation and application. | gelatin affinity chromatography has been developed as a simple one-step procedure for purification of members of the hsp 70 kda family from mdbk cells (a bovine epithelioid cell line), rat liver microsomes and three different protozoan parasites. the ability of the isolated proteins to bind to denatured proteins like gelatin together with their apparent molecular masses, constitutive and inducible expression and their release from gelatin-agarose beads by atp suggested that these proteins are mo ... | 1994 | 7983383 |
| growth inhibition of trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani infantum by different snake venoms: preliminary identification of proteins from cerastes cerastes venom which interact with the parasites. | venom from three different snake species was tested in vitro against the protozoan parasites trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani infantum. two of them, cerastes cerastes and naja haje, exerted a significant growth inhibition of t. cruzi and l. d. infantum parasites. heating of the venoms abolished their activity, suggesting that the active factors are thermolabile. incubation of parasites with 125i-labelled c. cerastes venom proteins allowed preliminary identification of components which i ... | 1994 | 7985193 |
| membrane-related processes and overall energy metabolism in trypanosoma brucei and other kinetoplastid species. | an electrochemical proton gradient exists across the plasma membrane and the mitochondrial membrane of the bloodstream form of trypanosoma brucei. the membrane potential across the plasma membrane and the regulation of the internal ph depend on the temperature. leishmania donovani regulates its internal ph and maintains a constant electrochemical proton gradient across its plasma membrane under all conditions examined. the mitochondrion of the t. brucei bloodstream form is energized, even though ... | 1994 | 8056783 |
| identification of leishmania isolates from a lebanese population. | we report the results of enzymatic patterns of isolates of leishmania cultured from patients referred to department of dermatology of the american university of beirut medical center in lebanon. the results reveal that these lebanese isolates are all very similar despite variable clinical presentations of the patients and differences in geographic origin. leishmania donovani sensu lato is the dominant species present in the skin lesions observed; thus, clinical manifestations and/or geographic d ... | 1994 | 8059921 |
| anti-66 kda antileishmanial antibodies as specific immunodiagnostic probe for visceral leishmaniasis. | a 66 kda plasma membrane associated molecule of promastigotes of leishmania donovani (mhom/in/1978/ur6) was affinity purified under acidic conditions. employing purified 66 kda antigen in micro elisa, 36 (97.3%) of the 37 patients of visceral leishmaniasis (bone marrow aspirates positive for leishman donovan bodies) had detectable levels of anti 66 kda anti leishmanial antibodies. the sera of the patients confirmed to have visceral leishmaniasis had significantly (p < 0.001) higher optical densi ... | 1994 | 8063345 |
| purification and partial characterization of a heparin-binding lectin from the marine clam anadara granosa. | the heparin-binding lectin, anadarin ms, from the plasma of the marine clam anadara granosa is purified through affinity chromatography on heparin-sepharose 4b followed by gel filtration on a sepharose 6b column. the purified lectin is a pentameric protein of native m(r) 300 kda and is composed of identical subunits of 60 kda. the pi value of this ca(2+)-dependent lectin is 6.2. anadarin ms agglutinates normal rabbit erythrocytes but not that of human. aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine and ... | 1994 | 8074679 |
| thiols of intracellular pathogens. identification of ovothiol a in leishmania donovani and structural analysis of a novel thiol from mycobacterium bovis. | leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniases, is an intracellular pathogen which proliferates within the host macrophages. analysis of the thiol composition of l. donovani by means of the thiol-specific reagent, 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin, indicated that this organism produces substantial amounts of ovothiol a. this observation was further substantiated by hplc of extracts of l. donovani after derivatization with bromobimane. l. donovani extract ... | 1994 | 8076641 |
| expression and characterization of a parasite-specific antigen on macrophages after infection with leishmania donovani. | a rabbit polyclonal antibody to crude soluble antigen of leishmania donovani promastigotes recognized a determinant expressed on the surface membrane of mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocyte derived macrophages infected in vitro. the determinant was recognized on infected macrophage surface only when f(ab')2 fragments of anti-leishmanial antiserum was employed in immunofluorescence. f(ab')2 fragments of human patient sera also could recognize the determinant. the expression of this ant ... | 1994 | 8078503 |
| prevalence of gastrointestinal leishmaniasis in spanish hiv-positive patients with digestive symptoms. | 1994 | 8079964 | |
| experimental murine leishmania donovani infection: immunoprotection by the fucose-mannose ligand (fml). | the fucose-mannose ligand (fml) of leishmania donovani is a complex glycoprotein fraction present in pro- and amastigotes, that interferes with parasite-macrophage interactions in vitro. in the present study, we have tested the potential immunoprotective effect of fml on l. donovani infection in inbred female balb/c mice. the protection schemes included three weekly intraperitoneal administrations of fml, supplemented or not with saponin. mice were challenged by intravenous injections of 2 x 10( ... | 1994 | 8081280 |
| does lipophosphoglycan enhance the t cell-stimulatory activity of lipophosphoglycan-associated proteins? | peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from 13 american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) patients and two healthy controls were tested in in vitro proliferative response assays with crude lipophosphoglycan (lpg), purified lpg, lpg-associated proteins (lpgap) and synthetic lpgap from l. donovani. cells from another group of six atl patients were similarly tested with lpgap obtained from l. major. l. major lpgap was more stimulatory than l. donovani lpgap. crude lpg from l. donovani was signific ... | 1994 | 8081281 |
| neoglycosylated liposomes as efficient ligands for the evaluation of specific sugar receptors on macrophages in health and in experimental leishmaniasis. | receptors interacting with terminal sugars as ligands are involved in the binding of leishmania donovani promastigotes to the macrophage surface and their subsequent internalization. mannose and glucose are specifically involved in the binding process. decreased binding occurs to macrophages already infected with l. donovani either in vivo or in vitro. when mannose- or glucose-bearing liposomes are used as ligands the binding shows similar trends and the percentage inhibition of binding with man ... | 1994 | 8084660 |
| testicular leishmaniasis in a boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | 1994 | 8091919 | |
| antileishmanial activity of licochalcone a in mice infected with leishmania major and in hamsters infected with leishmania donovani. | this study was designed to examine the antileishmanial activity of the oxygenated chalcone licochalcone a in mice and hamsters infected with leishmania parasites. intraperitoneal administration of licochalcone a at doses of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg of body weight per day completely prevented lesion development in balb/c mice infected with leishmania major. treatment of hamsters infected with l. donovani with intraperitoneal administration of licochalcone a at a dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight per day for ... | 1994 | 8092835 |
| chemical-microbiological synthesis of ent-13-epi-manoyl oxides with biological activities. | the biotransformation of ent-13-epi-3-keto manoyl oxide, which possesses antileishmania activity, with curvularia lunata produced ent-6 beta-hydroxy, ent-1 alpha-hydroxy, ent-11 beta-hydroxy and delta 1-derivatives, as well as a reduction product a c-3 (s-alcohol) with another hydroxyl group at c-6 (ent-6 beta) or c-11 (ent-11 beta). the ent-6 beta-hydroxy and delta 1-derivatives inhibited growth of the pathogenic protozoa, leishmania donovani. the biotransformation of ent-12 alpha-acetoxy-3 bet ... | 1994 | 7765688 |
| evaluation of recombinant gp63, the major leishmania surface glycoprotein, as a diagnostic molecule for leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys. | 1994 | 7709873 | |
| a peg-elisa for the detection of leishmania donovani antigen in circulating immune complexes. | leishmanial antigen in circulating immune complexes (cic) from sera of cotton-rats experimentally infected with leishmania donovani and visceral leishmaniasis patients (vlp) was detected using a polyethylene glycol (peg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (peg-elisa). the immune complexes were precipitated in the cold with 12% peg (average m(r) 6000) and then dissociated with glycine-hcl buffer. the dissociated antigen bound to the plate was then detected by peroxidase-labelled rabbit antibody ra ... | 1994 | 7512290 |
| leishmania donovani flagellum-specific epitopes mediating host-parasite interactions. | monoclonal antibodies were developed against flagellar components of promastigotes of leishmania donovani. the monoclonal antibody produced by clone a11 (mab a11) recognised epitopes in the polypeptides with molecular weights of 86, 66 and weakly 53 kda. these epitopes were found to be distributed along the flagellum and at the anterior end of promastigotes. the mab a11 of igg1 isotype strongly agglutinated the promastigotes of l. donovani. the prior treatment of promastigotes of l. donovani wit ... | 1994 | 7516230 |
| deficient expression of co-stimulatory molecules on leishmania-infected macrophages. | co-stimulatory signals are necessary for the full activation of t cells for growth and effector function. as co-stimulatory molecules are normally regulated in their expression, it has been suggested that microorganisms enhance their expression on host antigen-presenting cells (apc), thus allowing efficient generation of anti-microbial immunity. we here describe experiments which demonstrate that infection of macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo, by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani f ... | 1994 | 7525308 |
| distribution of lipophosphoglycan-associated epitopes in different leishmania species and in african trypanosomes. | monoclonal antibody (mab) ca7ae binds specifically to the phosphorylated gal-beta 1,4-man disaccharide repeat epitope of leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan (lpg). this mab detected the repeat epitope in most but not all of a wide variety of leishmania species and strains examined. mab ca7ae also bound to both glycoprotein and carbohydrate antigens in medium from l. donovani promastigote cultures. specifically, mab ca7ae bound the delipidated form of lpg, the phosphoglycan, and a glycoprotein ... | 1994 | 7528916 |
| developmental gene expression in leishmania donovani: differential cloning and analysis of an amastigote-stage-specific gene. | leishmania protozoans are the causative agents of leishmaniasis, a major parasitic disease in humans. during their life cycle, leishmania protozoans exist as flagellated promastigotes in the sand fly vector and as nonmotile amastigotes in the mammalian hosts. the promastigote-to-amastigote transformation occurs in the phagolysosomal compartment of the macrophage cell and is a critical step for the establishment of the infection. to study this cytodifferentiation process, we differentially screen ... | 1994 | 7545921 |
| isolation of bis-indole alkaloids with antileishmanial and antibacterial activities from peschiera van heurkii (syn. tabernaemontana van heurkii). | extracts from leaves and stem bark of peschiera van heurkii (muell. arg.) l. allorge (syn. tabernaemontana van heurkii muell. arg., apocynaceae) have been assayed for antileishmanial and antibacterial activities. the activities were concentrated in the alkaloid fractions which yielded 20 indole and bisindole alkaloids. the strongest leishmanicidal and antibacterial activities were observed with the dimeric alkaloids conodurine (1), n-demethylconodurine (= gabunine) (2), and conoduramine (3). wea ... | 1994 | 7997477 |
| dichotomy of the human t cell response to leishmania antigens. ii. absent or th2-like response to gp63 and th1-like response to lipophosphoglycan-associated protein in cells from cured visceral leishmaniasis patients. | the t cell response to different leishmania donovani antigens was investigated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from kenyans cured of visceral leishmaniasis and non-exposed danes. crude promastigote and amastigote antigens both induced proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production in pbmc from cured patients, while cells from non-exposed donors gave weak responses. a similar pattern was induced by lipophosphoglycan-associated protein (lpgap). by contrast, the major sur ... | 1994 | 8004810 |
| [the generation of active forms of oxygen by mouse macrophages: the effect of the genotype, immunocytokines and infection]. | in this work the effect of the natural complex of cytokines on the generation of active forms of oxygen (afo) by mouse peritoneal macrophage in different in vivo and in vitro systems were studied. intact mice of various strains were found to have differences in the afo production of their macrophages: balb/c (h-2d) > cba (h-2k) > c57bl/6 (h-2b), as well as in the degree of the prestimulation of the macrophage oxygen metabolism with the complex of cytokines balb/c > cba. the in vivo and in vitro ... | 1994 | 8017135 |
| role and effect of tnf-alpha in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | tnf-alpha has been implicated in cytokine-induced macrophage activation and tissue granuloma formation, two activities linked to control of intracellular visceral infection caused by leishmania donovani. to determine the role of tnf-alpha in l. donovani-infected balb/c mice, we measured tnf-alpha levels and treated mice with either anti-tnf-alpha antiserum or tnf-alpha. tnf-alpha activity in infected livers was increased by 2.7-fold 2 wk after challenge and by 5.5-fold at wk 8. in parallel, alth ... | 1994 | 8021511 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in angola due to leishmania (leishmania) infantum. | a 26-year-old man from angola with no history of travel outside the country presented with typical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis. the parasite was isolated and biochemically characterized using both kinetoplast dna and nuclear dna probes and showed a strong homology with leishmania (leishmania) donovani sensu lato (s.l.). when the nuclear dna of the isolate was hybridized with a specific leishmania (l.) infantum probe, the pattern obtained showed a clear signal with this species. to establi ... | 1994 | 8024060 |
| expression of the major surface glycoprotein of leishmania, gp63, in wild-type and sinefungin-resistant promastigotes. | in this study, we have surveyed gp63 expression in sinefungin-(sf)-resistant and wild-type leishmania promastigotes. documentation of gp63 expression in leishmania promastigotes was carried out by western blotting, purification of the protein and assessment of gp63 protease activity. we demonstrated a 3-4-fold and 1.5-2-fold increase of gp63 protein in sf-resistant leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica promastigotes compared to wild-type, respectively. northern blot analysis showed that the ... | 1994 | 8033909 |
| the activity of 2-substituted quinoline alkaloids in balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. | potent antileishmanial activity has recently been described in vivo when certain 2-substituted quinoline alkaloids are administered to mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis. we now report the antileishmanial activity of four 2-substituted quinoline alkaloids, namely chimanine d or 2-(1',2'-trans-epoxypropyl) quinoline (i), 2-n-propylquinoline (ii), 2-styrylquinoline (iii) and 2-(2'-hydroxypropyl) quinoline (iv), for experimental treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in infected balb/c mice. subcutaneo ... | 1994 | 8040117 |
| leishmanial glycosomes contain superoxide dismutase. | in this work we report that superoxide dismutase is entrapped in a microbody-like organelle, the glycosome, present in leishmania spp. studies on the sensitivity of the enzyme to various inhibitors indicated that glycosomal superoxide dismutase is predominantly of the cu/zu type. localization of superoxide dismutase in glycosomes points to the major importance of this organelle in the survival of this pathogen, suggesting a new approach towards chemotherapy for leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 8042972 |
| [construction of leishmania donovani genomic library]. | in this report, we described the extraction of l. donovani genomic dna and construction of l. donovani genomic library in order to isolate individual gene and its products that can be the candidate to develop serum diagnostic and protective products for this disease. we prepared l. donovani promastigote genomic dna using the protocols of extracting genomic dna of cultivated cells by centrifugation (15,000 g, 60 min) to get rid of kinetoplast dna. genomic dna was then partially digested with rest ... | 1994 | 8044910 |
| secretion of sucrase by leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were collected, washed, resuspended in buffer, and assayed for sucrase activity. no activity was observed in the intact washed cells, but activity was measurable when the cells were permeabilized with triton x-100. intracellular sucrase activity was highest in promastigotes grown at ph 7.4, somewhat lower in promastigotes grown at ph 5.5, and significantly lower in "amastigotes" grown at ph 5.5. no trehalase, lactase, or maltase activities were observed. assay o ... | 1994 | 8049686 |
| th1 and th2 cell-associated cytokines in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | in experimental leishmania donovani infection in balb/c mice, initial susceptibility gives way to t-cell-dependent acquired resistance and eventual control over visceral infection. since various cytokines appear to underlie the host response to leishmania infection, we examined infected liver tissue for gene expression of cytokines associated with th1 (gamma interferon [ifn-gamma] and interleukin-2 [il-2]) and th2 cells (il-4 and il-10). by northern (rna) blot analysis, only ifn-gamma mrna expre ... | 1994 | 8112840 |
| effect of antioxidants on the growth and polyamine levels of leishmania donovani. | butylated hydroxyanisole (bha), retinoic acid (ra), retinol acetate (rac) and sodium selenite (na2seo3) inhibited the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes (strains ur6 and ag83). there is a dose dependent inhibition of promastigote growth in both the strains. the concentrations of bha, ra/rac and na2seo3 required for 50% inhibition of the rate of growth were 0.5 microgram/ml, 0.5 microm and 0.125 mm, respectively, for ur6. in the case of ag83, ld50 for bha was 1 microgram/ml whereas ld50 ... | 1994 | 8129739 |
| induction of early-response genes kc and je by mycobacterial lipoarabinomannans: regulation of kc expression in murine macrophages by lsh/ity/bcg (candidate nramp). | the murine chromosome 1 gene lsh/ity/bcg (candidate nramp) regulates macrophage activation for antimicrobial activity against salmonella typhimurium, leishmania donovani, and mycobacterium spp. to determine early events in the activation pathway, the ability of mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan (lam) to induce early gene (kc and je) expression in macrophages from susceptible (s) c57bl/10scsn (lshs) and congenic resistant (r) b10.l-lshr mice was investigated. stimulation with 1.8 microgram of arabi ... | 1994 | 8132324 |
| probing the function(s) of active-site arginine residue in leishmania donovani adenosine kinase. | the presence of arginine at the active site of leishmania donovani adenosine kinase was studied by chemical modification, followed by the characterization of the modified enzyme. the arginine-specific reagents phenylglyoxal (pgo), butane-2,3-dione and cyclohexane-1,2-dione all irreversibly inactivated the enzyme. in contrast, adenosine kinase from hamster liver was insensitive to these reagents. the inactivation of the enzyme by pgo followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with a second-order rate ... | 1994 | 8135734 |
| plasma membrane k+/h(+)-atpase from leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani has an active k+/h+ exchange system on the surface membrane. modulation of external k+ concentration resulted in a corresponding change in internal ph (phi) suggesting a link between proton and potassium transport. although a na+/h+ antiporter is present on the plasma membrane, its sensitivity to amiloride suggests that it operates independent of k+/h+ exchange. reduction of cellular atp with nan3 and kcn inhibits k+/h+ exchange showing thereby that the process is energy depe ... | 1994 | 8138591 |
| oral leishmaniasis and kaposi's sarcoma in an aids patient. | in the mediterranean basin area, visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic disease caused by leishmania donovani infantum. this study describes the clinical and pathological features of one patient with aids who had oral (tonsillar) leishmaniasis, caused by a viscerotropic zymodeme, concurrent with a kaposi's sarcoma and with a cmv infection. | 1994 | 8138981 |
| intracellular infection by leishmania donovani inhibits macrophage apoptosis. | the phagocytic macrophage plays a critical role in host immune responses to microbial infection, and represents a major source of inflammatory and growth cytokines. intramacrophage infection by the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani results in increased viability of the host cell in the absence of exogenous growth factor. we demonstrate that infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmms) by l. donovani promastigotes or treatment of bmms with lipophosphoglycan lpg, the major surface mole ... | 1994 | 8144893 |
| hiv-1 inhibits leishmania-induced cell proliferation but not production of interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha. | the immune response of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) after stimulation with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) antigens plus leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro was investigated. hiv-1-antigen stimulation of pbmc did not induce the intracellular accumulation of interleukin-6 (il-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), or interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). however, cells stimulated with l. donovani antigens exhibited the production of il-6 and tnf-alpha, but n ... | 1994 | 8146597 |
| impairment of the human phagocyte oxidative responses caused by leishmania lipophosphoglycan (lpg): in vitro studies. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg), a surface glycoconjugate of leishmania promastigotes, has been reported as playing an active role in protecting the parasite within phagolysosomes, by an impairment of monocyte oxidative responses. in this study the effect of lpg on the oxidative burst of human peripheral monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils was evaluated. our results demonstrated that either superoxide anion (o2-) or hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) release by lpg-pretreated cells was diminished, emphasizing ... | 1994 | 8156051 |
| mononuclear cell subpopulations in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive versus hiv-negative patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 8158062 | |
| leishmania donovani: hemolytic activity of promastigotes. | a hemolytically active component was found to be present in leishmania donovani promastigotes for the first time. it lysed human and rabbit erythrocytes to varying degrees. the optimal ph for the activity was found to be 5.8. the rate of hemolysis was dependent on both erythrocyte and parasite concentrations. parasites in the log phase were more effective in lysing erythrocytes than those in the stationary phase. centrifugation at 10,000g showed major activity in the pellet fraction of the autol ... | 1994 | 8162958 |
| neoglycoprotein conjugated liposomes as macrophage specific drug carrier in the therapy of leishmaniasis. | the potential utility of neoglycoprotein conjugated multilamellar liposomes as macrophage specific drug delivery system was studied using hamycin as the model drug and visceral leishmaniasis as the model macrophage disease. hamycin, a polyene antibiotic, was found to have a growth inhibitory effect on cultured leishmania donovani promastigotes at a concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml. hamycin entrapped in neoglycoprotein conjugated liposome (neohamysome) eliminated intracellular amastigotes of l. ... | 1994 | 8166705 |
| antibodies to leishmania donovani infantum heat-shock protein 70 in human visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 8169424 | |
| [acute pancreatitis during treatment with meglumine antimoniate (glucantime)]. | 1994 | 8187998 | |
| immunoblotting identifies an antigen recognized by anti gp63 in the immune complexes of indian kala-azar patient sera. | in sds-page the immune complexes (ic) of kala-azar patient sera showed intense bands at 55 kda and 20 kda corresponding to heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins. in immunoblot experiment, kala-azar and normal ic after treatment with patient sera showed multiple bands of which the band at 55 kda was most prominent in kala-azar ic. it is known that in kala-azar sera antihuman igg is present, so the heavy band at 55 kda region may be due to higher amount of igg and/or other antigen(s) present a ... | 1994 | 8190117 |
| interaction of small ribosomal and transfer rnas with a protein from leishmania donovani. | using synthetic antisense rna from the 5'-untranslated region of the beta-tubulin gene as probe in gel retardation assays, a heat stable rna-binding factor was identified in promastigotes of the kinetoplastid protozoan leishmania donovani. the same or similar factors interact with several small ribosomal rna (srrna) species and, more weakly, with trna, as shown by binding and competition experiments. deletion analysis indicated involvement of repeated purine-rich motifs on the antisense rna, in ... | 1994 | 8202369 |
| an antileishmanial chalcone from chinese licorice roots. | a bioassay guided fractionation of an extract of chinese licorice roots led to the isolation of (e)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)phenyl]-3-[4- hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl]phenyl-2-propen-1-one, which in vitro showed potent antileishmanial activity. in addition, the novel chalcone (e)-1-[2,4-dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2- butenyl)phenyl]-3-(2,2-dimethyl-8-hydroxy-2h-benzopyran-6-yl)-2-prope n-1-one was isolated from the roots. the latter compound only showed antileishmanial activity at high ... | 1994 | 8202561 |
| leishmanicidal activity of 2-benzoxazolinone from acanthus illicifolius in vitro. | 1994 | 8202571 | |
| binding of c-reactive protein to leishmania. | 1994 | 8206251 | |
| studies on the prevalence of leishmanin skin test positivity in the baringo district, rift valley, kenya. | the leishmanin skin test (lst) was applied in 26 clusters of an average of 97 individuals in baringo district, kenya. these clusters were centered around recent cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl). of 2,411 individuals tested, 254 (10.5%, 155 males and 99 females) had a positive reaction. among cured vl patients, the frequency was approximately 30% and no sex difference was observed. in the population as a whole, lst positivity increased with age to a stable level from approximately 15 years of ... | 1994 | 8304576 |
| antileishmanial activity and modification of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in golden hamster by 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole following infection with leishmania donovani. | butylated hydroxyanisole (bha) inhibited the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes (strain ag83) in vitro. the inhibition was dose dependent: the concentration of bha required for 50% inhibition of the rate of growth was 1 microgram/ml. bha also prevented growth of l. donovani in vivo in golden hamsters infected with l. donovani. in addition, the effect of bha on several enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics both in uninfected animals and animals infected with l. donovani is re ... | 1994 | 8304969 |
| the significance of blood levels of igm, iga, igg and igg subclasses in sudanese visceral leishmaniasis patients. | we developed an elisa test using leishmania antigenic extracts to detect antigen-specific antibody responses, including subclass and isotype analysis, in visceral leishmaniasis (vl) patients from the sudan. a total of 92 parasitologically proven patients were compared with cutaneous leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, malaria, onchocerciasis and tuberculosis patients, as well as with healthy endemic and non-endemic controls. some vl patients were examined before and after chemotherapy. vl patients s ... | 1994 | 8306504 |
| [studies on the effect of deltamethrin bath treatment of hamsters infected with leishmania donovani for interrupting kala-azar transmission]. | phlebotomus chinensis were fed respectively on two groups of cricetulus barabensis infected with leishmania donovani, of which one group had received deltamethrin bath and the other was not treated with insecticide bath. the results showed that all the sandflies in the former group died within 24 hours, while those in the latter group had a high survival rate. among the 165 sandflies examined, 114 (69.1%) became infected. the promastigotes not only developed well in the midgut, but also invaded ... | 1994 | 7720208 |
| macrophage resistance genes: bcg/ity/lsh. | 1994 | 8251571 | |
| leishmania donovani infection enhances macrophage viability in the absence of exogenous growth factor. | bone marrow-derived macrophages rapidly die in the absence of macrophage growth factor (m-csf). however, as demonstrated here, bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with leishmania donovani exhibit increased viability in the absence of exogenous growth factor. forty-eight hours after inoculation with promastigotes or amastigotes, infected cell cultures contained 180 and 95% more cells, respectively, than control cultures. this effect was specific to leishmania infection, as uptake of latex be ... | 1994 | 8283144 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a drosophila melanogaster cdna encoding imp dehydrogenase. | a cdna encoding the entire drosophila melanogaster imp dehydrogenase (impdh) protein was isolated and sequenced. translation of the impdh cdna nucleotide sequence indicated that the drosophila impdh exhibited 48% and 65% amino acid identity to the leishmania donovani and human isoform ii counterparts, respectively. northern analysis revealed that expression of the 2.4 kb impdh transcript was equivalent in adult drosophila head and body and that impdh expression was developmentally regulated. in ... | 1994 | 7904480 |
| construction of a series of congenic mice with recombinant chromosome 1 regions surrounding the genetic loci for resistance to intracellular parasites (ity, lsh, and bcg), dna repair responses (rep-1), and the cytoskeletal protein villin (vil). | the interval of mouse chromosome 1 extending from idh-1 to pep-3 harbors the natural resistance gene ity/lsh/bcg; it controls the outcome of infection with salmonella typhimurium, leishmania donovani, and several mycobacterium species. this region also contains a dna repair gene, rep-1, which determines the rapidity with which double-strand breaks in chromatin are repaired. balb/canpt and dba/2n mice differ in their phenotypic expression of these genes. to generate appropriate strains of mice fo ... | 1994 | 8262646 |
| pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethyl-pentadecane) inhibits disease progression in leishmania-infected balb/c mice. | the course of leishmania infection in pristane-primed balb/c mice infected with either leishmania major or leishmania donovani was examined. pristane-primed l. donovani infected mice had spleen parasite-loads that were 13 times less than controls. likewise pristane-primed l. major infected animals had significantly smaller footpad lesion areas than controls. pristane-primed mice had an atypical haematology compared to controls. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrat ... | 1994 | 12153340 |
| ethyleneglycol-bis-((-aminoethyl ether) n,n,n(1),n(1), -tetraacetic acid (egta) inhibits leishmania donovani in vitro. | exposure of leishmania donovani culture promastigotes to ethyleneglycol-bis-((-aminoethyl ether) n,n,n(1),n(1),-tetraacetic acid (egta) concentrations of between 0.2 to 1.6 mg/ml significantly inhibited their growth, though the different concentrations did not significantly differ between themselves on their effect on promastigotes in cell free media. egta concentrations of between 0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml were non-toxic to mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. treatment of l. donovani-infected macro ... | 1994 | 12153341 |
| establishment of an appropriate inoculum dose of leishmania donovani promastigotes required to establish a visceral infection in laboratory animal rodent models. | syrian hamsters and balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with various doses of stationary phase leishmania donovani promastigotes derived from primary, secondary and tertiary cultures. axenic derived amastigotes from a tertiary culture and mass-culture derived promastigotes from primary, secondary, and tertiary cultures were also used. animals were sacrificed after 30 days incubation period and parasite-loads quantified from giemsa stained spleen smears. a primary inoculum dose of 1 x10 ... | 1994 | 12153342 |
| biosynthesis of lipophosphoglycan from leishmania major: characterization of (beta 1-3)-galactosyltransferase(s). | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is the major cell surface molecule of promastigotes of all leishmania species. it is comprised of three domains: a conserved gpi anchor linked to a repeating phosphorylated disaccharide (p2; po4-6-gal(beta 1-4)man(alpha 1-) backbone variously substituted with galactose, glucose and arabinose residues in l.major and capped with a neutral oligosaccharide. using a microsomal membrane preparation from l.major, we have been able to demonstrate that galactose from udp-[14c]gala ... | 1994 | 7734847 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in gizan, saudi arabia. | visceral leishmaniasis is endemic in southern saudi arabia. we prospectively evaluated 121 patients with visceral leishmaniasis at king fahad hospital in gizan. all patients were infants and children. seasonal variation was observed with more cases presenting in late spring and summer and few in winter. the predominant clinical features in these patients were chronic fever, abdominal distention, weight loss and hepatosplenomegaly. lymphadenopathy was rare in contrast to african kala-azar. common ... | 1994 | 17586953 |
| intermediary metabolism of leishmania. | in the course of their existence, parasites develop several metabolic pathways that differ significantly from those of their hosts. despite the fairly close evolutionary kinship between leishmania donovani and trypanosoma brucei, the forms that live in the insect vectors have evolved different strategies for the disposition of available food resources. in this brief review, joseph blum will focus on the data available from studies on leishmania spp and will largely ignore the information availab ... | 1993 | 15463727 |
| glucose and proline transport in kinetoplastids. | the parasitic protozoa belonging to the kinetoplastids can use both sugars and amino acids as carbon and energy sources. in this review, benno ter kuile discusses nutrient acquisition and utilization and how the metabolic strategies reflect the environment encountered in host and vector. recent genetic and physiological evidence suggests that facilitated diffusion may be the primary uptake mechanism for glucose, and possibly for proline as well, even though there is biochemical and genetic evide ... | 1993 | 15463755 |
| regulation of l-proline transport in leishmania donovani by extracellular ph. | we have previously shown that leishmania donovani promastigotes adapted to long-term culture at acidic ph can serve as a model to study parasite development in a lysosomal-like environment. in this study we investigated the effect of growth ph on l. donovani l-proline transport systems. reducing the ph of the growth medium causes an up to 7-fold decrease in the extent of l-proline transport. transport resumes after switching the culture from ph 4.5 to ph 7 for 48 h by a protein synthesis-depende ... | 1993 | 8264724 |
| human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania donovani s.l. in kenya. | our laboratory is characterizing leishmania stabilates and isolates from active leishmaniasis cases. smears and cultures from aspirates made on different dates from a single lesion on the bridge of the nose of an 18 years old kenyan male from nyandarua district contained leishmania. the isolates, nlb-271 and nlb-271-ia, were characterized by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (cae) using 20 enzyme systems and by southern analysis using 2 deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probes (pdk10 and pdk20) from a ... | 1993 | 8266420 |
| incorporation of label from acetate and laurate into the mannan of leishmania donovani via the glyoxylate cycle. | leishmania donovani promastigotes in late-stationary phase incorporated label from [2-14c]acetate and [1-14c]laurate into the mannose residues of mannan, thus confirming the presence of a functional glyoxylate bypass in these parasitic protozoa. isolated, washed calls also incorporated label from [2-14c]acetate and [1-14c]laurate into mannan during a 1-hr incubation in buffer. glucose had no effect on label incorporation into mannan, but glutamate caused over a four-fold increase in incorporatio ... | 1993 | 7904877 |
| experimental visceral leishmaniasis: role of trans-aconitic acid in combined chemotherapy. | we previously reported the effectiveness of trans-aconitic acid (taa) as an antileishmanial compound. inhibitory effects of taa along with other antileishmanial compounds on transformation and in vitro multiplication in macrophage cultures of leishmania donovani have been assessed. the efficacy of taa in combined chemotherapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis has also been evaluated along with those of commonly used antileishmanial compounds such as sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine, and a ... | 1993 | 8285634 |
| don't forget leishmania! | 1993 | 8286657 | |
| visceral infection caused by leishmania tropica in veterans of operation desert storm. | visceral leishmaniasis, usually caused by leishmania donovani, has rarely been reported from eastern saudi arabia, so it was not expected to affect the soldiers of operation desert storm. | 1993 | 8292114 |
| giemsa and acridine orange stains: a laboratory experience in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis--short communication. | 1993 | 8293711 | |
| production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 by human t cells recognizing leishmania lipophosphoglycan-associated protein. | the leishmania protein lpgap which is co-isolated with lipophosphoglycan is a specific activator of t cells from individuals who have recovered from american leishmaniasis. we have tested the effect of lpgap on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from kenyan donors cured from l. donovani infections. lpgap induced vigorous proliferation and production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) by the cells. in addition pbmc incubated with lpgap released interleukin-4 (il-4) after pulsing with ionomyci ... | 1993 | 8294141 |
| enzymatic amplification of mini-exon-derived rna gene spacers of leishmania donovani: primers and probes for dna diagnosis. | the multicopy mini-exon-derived rna (med rna) locus of leishmania donovani was enzymatically amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the major 180 bp pcr product contained conserved med rna gene sequences flanking the variable intergenic spacer from the med rna gene tandem repeat. the oligonucleotide primers cross-reacted with other leishmania species. in serial dilution experiments, positivity in the pcr assay was observed down to the genomic dna equivalent of less than a single leish ... | 1993 | 8295790 |
| characterization of sinefungin-resistant leishmania donovani promastigotes. | promastigotes resistant to sinefungin (sf), a nucleoside antibiotic that is structurally related to s-adenosylmethionine (adomet), were obtained starting from two cloned strains of leishmania donovani. the resistance was induced by increasing the drug pressure gradually until promastigotes capable of growing in the presence of concentrations 10,000 times higher than the 50% growth-inhibitory (ic50) values for the control cells were obtained. the resistance to sf of both clones was specific and s ... | 1993 | 8295906 |
| comment: current treatment recommendations for leishmaniasis. | 1993 | 8251704 | |
| leishmania: immunochemical comparison of the secretory (extracellular) acid phosphatases from various species. | promastigotes of all leishmania species, except most leishmania major stocks, synthesize and secrete extracellular soluble acid phosphatases [sacp(s)] which are capable of dephosphorylating a wide range of substrates and, consequently, of modifying the parasite environment. to assess their antigenic/structural relatedness, the sacp(s) from various species were compared immunochemically using both a monospecific rabbit antiserum and several monoclonal antibodies made against the purified promasti ... | 1993 | 8253156 |
| leishmaniasis. | leishmanial infections include three major clinical syndromes: visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis. visceral leishmaniasis, usually due to leishmania donovani, has received increasing attention in the united states because of the growing number of cases seen in aids patients and the occurrence of viscerotropic l. tropica disease among persian gulf war participants. cutaneous leishmaniasis is a relatively benign disease caused by l. mexicana and l. (viannia) species in the new world, a ... | 1993 | 8254158 |
| piperine: a potent inhibitor of leishmania donovani promastigotes in vitro. | 1993 | 8255940 | |
| identification of leishmania donovani using a polymerase chain reaction in patient and animal material obtained from an area of endemic kala-azar in the sudan. | 1993 | 7903141 | |
| genetic control of drug-induced recovery from murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the influence of host genetic background on the response of leishmania donovani-infected mice to chemotherapy was studied using the h-2d and h-2b haplotypes on a balb or a b10 genetic background. animals were treated with free or liposomal sodium stibogluconate and parasite burdens in the liver, spleen and bone marrow were assessed. in all the mouse strains and their congenic derivatives examined, the liver responded best to therapy regardless of drug formulation, whilst the spleen and the bone ... | 1993 | 7903366 |
| refractoriness of domestic cats to infection with a kenyan strain of leishmania donovani. | 1993 | 8306914 | |
| interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 in human leishmania donovani infections. | clinical and immunological similarities between leishmania donovani infections in humans and l. major infections in mice suggest that some of the pathophysiological mechanisms are the same in the two conditions. both infections can result either in a fatal systemic disease or in a self-limiting infection with few and mild symptoms. in the murine model the outcome of the infection is critically related to the cytokines produced by t lymphocytes activated by leishmanial antigens. activation of the ... | 1993 | 8314285 |
| ifn-gamma is directly cytostatic to the extracellular form (promastigote) of leishmania donovani. | we investigated the effect of various human cytokines on the in vitro growth of leishmania donovani (l. donovani) promastigotes. rhifn-alpha, rhifn-beta, rhil-1, rhil-2, rhil-3, rhil-4, rhil-6 and rhm-csf had no effect. by contrast, rhifn-gamma was directly growth inhibitory to l. donovani promastigotes in a dose-dependent manner. anti-ifn-gamma antibody, but neither anti-ifn-alpha nor anti-ifn-beta antibody, abolished this promastigote growth inhibitory effect of rhifn-gamma. l. donovani promas ... | 1993 | 8316766 |
| interferon-gamma in starch microparticles: nitric oxide-generating activity in vitro and antileishmanial effect in mice. | recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (mu ifn-gamma) was covalently coupled to polyacryl starch microparticles, a lysosomotropic drug carrier. the microparticle-bound mu ifn-gamma was found to activate cultured macrophages for nitrite production and had an anti-leishmanial effect in mice. low doses of mu ifn-gamma, which had no effect in the free form, when bound to microparticles significantly reduced the load of leishmania donovani in infected mice. further, inducement of nitrite production in cu ... | 1993 | 8321846 |
| interleukin 10 production correlates with pathology in human leishmania donovani infections. | we have found that an important th2 cytokine, il-10, is produced by tissues from patients acutely infected with leishmania donovani. in all individuals tested, il-10 mrna production was increased in lymph nodes taken during acute disease over that observed in postacute samples. in contrast, both pre- and posttreatment lymph nodes had readily detected mrna for ifn-gamma and il-2. a down-regulating effect of il-10 on leishmania-induced proliferative responses was demonstrated when hu ril-10 was ad ... | 1993 | 8326000 |
| lutzomyia longipalpis is a species complex: genetic divergence and interspecific hybrid sterility among three populations. | the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis is the vector of leishmania donovani chagasi in latin america. an analysis of genetic variability at 27 enzyme coding loci among three laboratory populations of lu. longipalpis revealed substantial genetic polymorphism. levels of genetic distance between all pairwise comparisons of colonies were very high, and consistent with those previously reported among separate species in the genus lutzomyia. between 7% and 22% of the loci studied were diagnostic for any t ... | 1993 | 8333579 |