Publications

effects of salt and waterlogging stresses and their combination on leaf photosynthesis, chloroplast atp synthesis, and antioxidant capacity in wheat.	the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salt (st) and waterlogging (wl) stresses and their combination (sw) on leaf photosynthesis, chloroplast atp synthesis, and antioxidant capacity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). two winter wheat cultivars, huaimai 17 and yangmai 12, differing in their tolerance to st and wl stresses were used. the plants were grown in pots and were subjected to st, wl, and sw from 7 days after anthesis (daa). the wl and sw treatments lasted for 5 days, ...	2009	26493148
study on the response of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species of wheat to the elevated co2.	study was done to compare the response of triticum aestivum (hexaploid), triticum durum (tetraploid) and triticum monococcum (diploid) wheat species to the elevated co2 using free air co2 enrichment (face) facility. it was demonstrated that the modern cultivar of wheat triticum aestivum (hexaploid) was largely sink limited. it appeared to have less photosynthesis per unit leaf area than triticum monococcum (diploid wheat). while leaf size, grain weight and amylase activity increased with the plo ...	2009	23572925
transcriptome pathways unique to dehydration tolerant relatives of modern wheat.	among abiotic stressors, drought is a major factor responsible for dramatic yield loss in agriculture. in order to reveal differences in global expression profiles of drought tolerant and sensitive wild emmer wheat genotypes, a previously deployed shock-like dehydration process was utilized to compare transcriptomes at two time points in root and leaf tissues using the affymetrix genechip(r) wheat genome array hybridization. the comparison of transcriptomes reveal several unique genes or express ...	2009	19330365
roles of morphology, anatomy, and aquaporins in determining contrasting hydraulic behavior of roots.	the contrasting hydraulic properties of wheat (triticum aestivum), narrow-leafed lupin (lupinus angustifolius), and yellow lupin (lupinus luteus) roots were identified by integrating measurements of water flow across different structural levels of organization with anatomy and modeling. anatomy played a major role in root hydraulics, influencing axial conductance (l(ax)) and the distribution of water uptake along the root, with a more localized role for aquaporins (aqps). lupin roots had greater ...	2009	19321713
variety-specific response of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf mitochondria to drought stress.	the main objective of the present work was to examine leaf respiratory responses to dehydration and subsequent recovery in three varieties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) known to differ in their level of drought tolerance. under dehydration, both total respiration and salicylhydroxamic acid (sham)-resistant cytochrome (cyt) pathway respiration by leaf segments decreased significantly compared with well-watered plants. this decrease was more pronounced in the drought-sensitive sadovo and ...	2009	19319627
[molecular cytogenetic identification of aegilops ventricosa x aegilops cylindrica amphiploid sdau18].	sdau18, an amphiploid of ae.ventricosa with ae.cylindrica, was identified by cytological analysis, seed storage protein electrophoresis, genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and inoculation assessment. the results are as follows: the chromosome number of root tip cells (rtcs) of sdau18 plants varied from 52 to 56. 28 bivalents were observed in most pmcs mi of sdau18 with 56 chromosomes, meanwhile, a few univalents, multivalents also existed in some pmcs mi, and the average chromosome configurati ...	2009	19306684
suppressive effect of magnesium oxide materials on cadmium accumulation in winter wheat grain cultivated in a cadmium-contaminated paddy field under annual rice-wheat rotational cultivation.	the effectiveness of two kinds of magnesium oxide (mgo) materials, commercial mgo (2250 kg ha(-1)) and a material derived from mgo and magnesium silicate minerals named 'mgo-sh-a' (2250 and 4500 kg ha(-1)1), in suppression of uptake and accumulation of cadmium (cd) into grain of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. ayahikari) was examined in a cd-contaminated alluvial paddy field under annual rice-wheat rotational system. the mgo materials were mixed into the plough-layer soil only once prior ...	2009	19304384
effect of cadmium and salinity stresses on growth and antioxidant enzyme activities of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	a hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of salinity (nacl) and cadmium (cd) stresses on growth, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities of three wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. cd and nacl stresses inhibited plant growth, reduced chlorophyll content, and increased melondialdehyde content and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase. the combined effect of nacl and cd on these parameters was larger than both nacl and cd al ...	2009	19294326
characterization of total, free and esterified phytosterols in tetraploid and hexaploid wheats.	dietary plant sterols have received increasing attention in recent years due to their favorable health benefits. the present research focused on quantification of phytosterols as free, esterified and total forms in different tetraploid (5 cultivars of triticum durum desf., 9 cultivars of triticum dicoccon schrank) and hexaploid (5 cultivars of t. aestivum l., 12 cultivars of triticum spelta l.) wheats. tetraploid wheats showed the highest content of total sterol (79.4 and 79.5 mg of sterols /100 ...	2009	19292465
potential errors in electron transport rates calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence as revealed by a multilayer leaf model.	increasingly, photosynthetic electron transport rate is being calculated from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. the fluorescence signal is a complex mixture of contributions from different depths within the mesophyll. one condition required for electron transport calculated from fluorescence to represent the rate accurately is that the ratio of photosynthetic capacity to light absorbed be constant throughout the leaf. in order to explore the fluorescence properties of leaves where this assu ...	2009	19282373
[influence of salicylic and succinic acids on the cytophysiological reactions of wheat infected by brown rust].	the influence of the salicylic and succinic acids on the cytophysiological reactions of the plants and cellular structures of the fungus were investigated using the model of common wheat triticum aestivum l. infected by brown rust. the experiments were performed on seedlings of the isogenic line of var. thatcher with resistant gene lr19. the salicylic and succinic acids accelerated and enhanced to a different extent the generation of active oxygen species and synthesis of callose and phenylpropa ...	2009	19281048
mapping and proteomic analysis of albumin and globulin proteins in hexaploid wheat kernels (triticum aestivum l.).	albumins and globulins of wheat endosperm represent 20% of total kernel protein. they are soluble proteins, mainly enzymes and proteins involved in cell functions. two-dimensional gel immobiline electrophoresis (2de) (ph 4-7) x sds-page revealed around 2,250 spots. ninety percent of the spots were common between the very distantly related cultivars 'opata 85' and 'synthetic w7984', the two parents of the international triticeae mapping initiative (itmi) progeny. 'opata' had 130 specific spots wh ...	2009	19277600
cloning and characterization of cdnas encoding ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases in wheat: insight into the evolution of rice phytoalexin biosynthetic genes.	in vitro assays using recombinant enzymes enabled three cdnas encoding ent-copalyl diphosphate synthases to be identified in wheat (triticum aestivum): tacps1, tacps2, and tacps3. the phylogenetic tree and expression analyses suggest that tacps3 is responsible for gibberellin biosynthesis, while tacps1 and tacps2 are possible functional homologs of diterpene cyclase genes oscps2 and oscps4 involved in phytoalexin biosynthesis in rice.	2009	19270400
altered expression of wheat aintegumenta homolog, want-1, in pistil and pistil-like transformed stamen of an alloplasmic line with aegilops crassa cytoplasm.	homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures, called pistillody, has been reported in some alloplasmic common wheat lines with aegilops crassa cytoplasm. an alloplasmic line of chinese spring ditelosomic 7bs (csdt7bs) with ae. crassa cytoplasm lacking the long arm of the chromosome 7b shows pistillody, and the pistils and transformed stamens are sterile due to abnormal ovule development. to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the ovule abnormality, we compared the expression p ...	2009	19255779
a quantitative portrait of three xylanase inhibiting protein families in different wheat cultivars using 2d-dige and multivariate statistical tools.	wheat grains contain three classes of xylanase inhibitors (xis), i.e. taxi (triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor), xip (xylanase inhibiting protein) and tlxi (thaumatin-like xylanase inhibitor). these proteins are involved in plant defence and strongly affect cereal-based processes in which inhibitor-sensitive xylanases are used. this paper reports on the successful use of 2d-dige and tandem ms to discriminate xi (iso)forms and measures their qualitative and quantitative variation in six differe ...	2009	19245861
[use of snp markers developed for allopolyploid wheat].	in this work, we analyzed 54 domestic cultivars of hexaploid (common) wheat triticum aestivum l. (aabbdd genome) and accessions of tetraploid wheats of the timopheevi group (aagg) and rye secale cereale (rr) using 21 snp markers for common wheat. it was demonstrated that application of the snp markers developed and verified for particular common wheat cultivars in allele-specific pcr analysis of other cultivars with different geographic origins could lead to an incorrect estimation of the simila ...	2009	19239102
genetic loci in the photoperiod pathway interactively modulate reproductive development of winter wheat.	responses to photoperiod and low temperature are the two primary adaptive mechanisms which enable wheat plants to synchronize developmental processes with changes in seasonal climate. in this study, the developmental process was characterized at two stages: stem length during the onset of stem elongation and heading date. these two developmental events were monitored and mapped in recombinant inbred lines (rils) of a population generated from a cross between two complementary and locally adapted ...	2009	19234853
detection of intergenomic chromosome rearrangements in irradiated triticum aestivum--aegilops biuncialis amphiploids by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization.	the frequency and pattern of irradiation-induced intergenomic chromosome rearrangements were analysed in the mutagenized (m0) and the first selfed (m1) generations of triticum aestivum l. - aegilops biuncialis vis. amphiploids (2n = 70, aabbddububmbmb) by multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcgish). mcgish allowed the simultaneous discrimination of individual ae. biuncialis genomes and wheat chromosomes. dicentric chromosomes, fragments, and terminal translocations were most frequently in ...	2009	19234564
regulation of glutamine synthetase 1 and amino acids transport in the phloem of young wheat plants.	the possible regulation of amino acid remobilization via the phloem in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by the primary enzyme in nitrogen (n) assimilation and re-assimilation, glutamine synthetase (gs, e.c. 6.3.1.2) was studied using two conditions known to alter n phloem transport, n deficiency and cytokinins. the plants were grown for 15 days in controlled conditions with optimum n supply and then n was depleted from and/or 6-benzylaminopurine was added to the nutrient solution. both treatments ge ...	2009	19230696
inheritance and mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene pm43 introgressed from thinopyrum intermedium into wheat.	powdery mildew resistance from thinopyrum intermedium was introgressed into common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). genetic analysis of the f(1), f(2), f(3) and bc(1) populations from powdery mildew resistant line ch5025 revealed that resistance was controlled by a single dominant allele. the gene responsible for powdery mildew resistance was mapped by the linkage analysis of a segregating f(2) population. the resistance gene was linked to five co-dominant genomic ssr markers (xcfd233, xwmc41, xbar ...	2009	19214392
exploring abiotic stress on asynchronous protein metabolism in single kernels of wheat studied by nmr spectroscopy and chemometrics.	extreme climate events are being recognized as important factors in the effects on crop growth and yield. increased climatic variability leads to more frequent extreme conditions which may result in crops being exposed to more than one extreme event within a growing season. the aim of this study was to examine the implications of different drought treatments on the protein fractions in grains of winter wheat using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy followed by chemometric analysis. tri ...	2009	19213725
biochemical characterization of a putative wheat caffeic acid o-methyltransferase.	a wheat (triticum aestivum l., near isogenic line of hamlet) o-methyltransferase (omt) was previously reported as a putative caffeic acid omt (tacomt1), involved in lignin biosynthesis, based on its high sequence similarity with a number of graminaceous comts. the fact that the putative tacomt1 exhibits a significantly high sequence homology to another recently characterized wheat flavone-specific omt (taomt2), and that molecular modeling studies indicated several conserved amino acid residues i ...	2009	19211254
generation of high frequency of novel alleles of the high molecular weight glutenin in somatic hybridization between bread wheat and tall wheatgrass.	somatic hybridization between bread wheat and tall wheatgrass (agropyron elongatum) has generated fertile introgression progenies with novel combinations of high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gs). most of these novel hmw-gs alleles were stably inherited. sixteen hmw-gs sequences were pcr amplified from three introgression progeny lines and sequenced. the alignment of these sequences indicated that five, probably derived from point mutations of the parental genes, whereas eight likely r ...	2009	19199095
characterization and comparative analysis of hmw glutenin 1ay alleles with differential expressions.	high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) have been considered as most important seed storage proteins for wheat flour quality. 1ay subunits are of great interest because they are always silent in common wheat. the presence of expressed 1ay subunits in diploid and tetraploid wheat genotypes makes it possible to investigate molecular information of active 1ay genes.	2009	19196487
genetic diversity and variation among botanical varieties of old portuguese wheat cultivars revealed by issr assays.	inter-simple sequence repeats (issrs) were used for genetic diversity analyses of an old portuguese wheat collection. eighteen primers produced 96.3 and 98.5% of issr polymorphism in bread and durum wheat cultivars, respectively. the unweighted pair group method with arithmetical averages (upgma) phenogram clearly split all cultivars based on their species/ploidy, reflecting a defined genetic structure. issrs revealed high genetic diversity at interspecific, intraspecific, and intercultivar leve ...	2009	19184405
using combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate parameters of a biochemical c photosynthesis model: a critical appraisal and a new integrated approach applied to leaves in a wheat (triticum aestivum) canopy.	we appraised the literature and described an approach to estimate the parameters of the farquhar, von caemmerer and berry model using measured co(2) assimilation rate (a) and photosystem ii (psii) electron transport efficiency (phi(2)). the approach uses curve fitting to data of a and phi(2) at various levels of incident irradiance (i(inc)), intercellular co(2) (c(i)) and o(2). estimated parameters include day respiration (r(d)), conversion efficiency of i(inc) into linear electron transport of ...	2009	19183300
wound-induced apoplastic peroxidase activities: their roles in the production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species.	production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is a widely reported response of plants to wounding. however, the nature of enzymes responsible for ros production and metabolism in the apoplast is still an open question. we identified and characterized the proteins responsible for the wound-induced production and detoxification of ros in the apoplast of wheat roots (triticum aestivum l.). compared to intact roots, excised roots and leachates derived from them produced twice the amount of superoxide ...	2009	19183290
a genetic network of flowering-time genes in wheat leaves, in which an apetala1/fruitfull-like gene, vrn1, is upstream of flowering locus t.	to elucidate the genetic mechanism of flowering in wheat, we performed expression, mutant and transgenic studies of flowering-time genes. a diurnal expression analysis revealed that a flowering activator vrn1, an apetala1/fruitfull homolog in wheat, was expressed in a rhythmic manner in leaves under both long-day (ld) and short-day (sd) conditions. under ld conditions, the upregulation of vrn1 during the light period was followed by the accumulation of flowering locus t (ft) transcripts. further ...	2009	19175767
tetraploid and hexaploid wheat varieties reveal large differences in expression of alpha-gliadins from homoeologous gli-2 loci.	alpha-gliadins form a multigene protein family encoded by multiple alpha-gliadin (gli-2) genes at three genomic loci, gli-a2, gli-b2 and gli-d2, respectively located on the homoeologous wheat chromosomes 6as, 6bs, and 6ds. these proteins contain a number of important celiac disease (cd)-immunogenic domains. the alpha-gliadins expressed from the gli-b2 locus harbour fewer conserved cd-epitopes than those from gli-a2, whereas the gli-d2 gliadins have the highest cd-immunogenic potential. in order ...	2009	19171027
proteins from multiple metabolic pathways associate with starch biosynthetic enzymes in high molecular weight complexes: a model for regulation of carbon allocation in maize amyloplasts.	starch biosynthetic enzymes from maize (zea mays) and wheat (triticum aestivum) amyloplasts exist in cell extracts in high molecular weight complexes; however, the nature of those assemblies remains to be defined. this study tested the interdependence of the maize enzymes starch synthase iia (ssiia), ssiii, starch branching enzyme iib (sbeiib), and sbeiia for assembly into multisubunit complexes. mutations that eliminated any one of those proteins also prevented the others from assembling into a ...	2009	19168640
fate of 4-nonylphenol in a biosolids amended soil.	the fate of the endocrine disrupting compound 4-nonylphenol (np) in an agricultural soil amended with biosolids was assessed in a greenhouse study. a biosolids with a total np concentration of 900 mg kg(-1) was incorporated into the 4 cm surface layer of soil columns at an agronomic rate equivalent to 1.7 kg m(2). half of the columns were planted with triticum aestivum l., red hardy winter wheat seeds, whereas the remaining columns were unplanted to evaluate the influence of plant growth on the ...	2009	19167020
molecular characterization of two silenced y-type genes for glu-b1 in triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanese and ssp. tibetanum.	the high molecular weight glutenin subunits (hmw-gss) are a major class of common wheat storage proteins. the bread-making quality of common wheat flour is influenced by the composition of hmw-gss. in the present study, two unexpressed 1by genes from triticum aesitvum l.ssp.yunnanese as332 and t. aesitvum ssp.tibetanum as908 were respectively cloned and characterized. the results indicated that both of the silenced 1by genes in as332 and as908 were 1by9. in contrast to previously reported mechan ...	2009	19166499
water deficits in wheat: fructan exohydrolase (1-feh) mrna expression and relationship to soluble carbohydrate concentrations in two varieties.	terminal drought is a risk for wheat production in many parts of the world. robust physiological traits for resilience would enhance the preselection of breeding lines in drought-prone areas. three pot experiments were undertaken to characterize stem water-solublecarbohydrate (wsc), fructan exohydrolase expression, grain filling and leaf gas exchange in wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties, kauz and westonia, which are considered to be drought-tolerant.water deficit accelerated the remobilization ...	2009	19140945
class d and b(sister) mads-box genes are associated with ectopic ovule formation in the pistil-like stamens of alloplasmic wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (pistillody) has been reported in cytoplasmic substitution (alloplasmic) lines of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) that have the cytoplasm of a related wild species, aegilops crassa. an ectopic ovule differentiates in the pistil-like stamen in the alloplasmic wheat. the seedstick (stk)-like class d mads-box gene, wheat stk (wstk), was expressed in the primordia of ectopic ovules in the pistil-like stamens as well as in the true pis ...	2009	19488678
rapid development of pcr-based genome-specific repetitive dna junction markers in wheat.	in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) (aabbdd, c=17 000 mb), repeat dna accounts for approximately 90% of the genome, of which transposable elements (tes) constitute 60%-80%. despite the dynamic evolution of tes, our previous study indicated that the majority of tes are conserved and collinear between the homologous wheat genomes, based on identical insertion patterns. in this study, we exploited the unique and abundant te insertion junction regions identified from diploid aegilops tauschii ...	2009	19483776
a sublethal dose of thiamethoxam causes a reduction in xylem feeding by the bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi), which is associated with dehydration and reduced performance.	the active ingestion of xylem sap by aphids is hypothesised to be an important mechanism for rehydration. when starved bird cherry-oat aphids (rhopalosiphum padi) were allowed to feed on wheat (triticum aestivum) treated with a sublethal dose of the xylem-mobile neonicotinoid thiamethoxam, analysis of feeding behaviours using the electrical penetration graph revealed a reduction in xylem feeding that was reversed on removal of the toxin. to test the importance of xylem-feeding behaviour as a reh ...	2009	19482292
overexpression of tastrg gene improves salt and drought tolerance in rice.	high salt and drought are the main factors affecting agricultural production. thus, cloning stress-tolerance-related genes and identifying their functions are essential to enhancing crop tolerance to stresses. in this study, a salt-induced unknown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) gene was identified and cloned according to microarray analysis of salt-tolerant wheat mutant rh8706-49 under salt stress. the gene was named triticum aestivum salt tolerance-related gene (tastrg) and submitted to genbank ( ...	2009	19481835
different levels of humoral immunoreactivity to different wheat cultivars gliadin are present in patients with celiac disease and in patients with multiple myeloma.	immunity to food antigens (gliadin, cow's milk proteins) is in the centre of the attention of modern medicine focused on the prevention of diseases, prevention which is based on the use of appropriate restriction diet. detection of the enhanced levels of the immune reactions to antigen(s) present in food is from this point of view of great importance because there are reports that some of health disturbances, like celiac disease (cd) and some premalignant conditions, like monoclonal gammopathy o ...	2009	19480718
discovery and mapping of single feature polymorphisms in wheat using affymetrix arrays.	wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a staple food crop worldwide. the wheat genome has not yet been sequenced due to its huge genome size (approximately 17,000 mb) and high levels of repetitive sequences; the whole genome sequence may not be expected in the near future. available linkage maps have low marker density due to limitation in available markers; therefore new technologies that detect genome-wide polymorphisms are still needed to discover a large number of new markers for construction of hi ...	2009	19480702
unlocking wheat genetic resources for the molecular identification of previously undescribed functional alleles at the pm3 resistance locus.	the continuous improvement of crop plants is essential for agriculture in the coming decades and relies on the use of genetic variability through breeding. however, domestication and modern breeding have reduced diversity in the crop germplasm. global gene banks conserve diversity, but these resources remain underexplored owing to a lack of efficient strategies to isolate important alleles. here we describe a large-scale allele-mining project at the molecular level. we first selected a set of 1, ...	2009	19470492
physical-chemical analysis of non-polyphenol oxidase (non-ppo) darkening in yellow alkaline noodles.	darkening in yellow alkaline noodles (yan) was measured over 24 h in a high polyphenol oxidase (ppo) bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tasman) and a very low ppo durum wheat ( triticum durum cv. kamilaroi). over 24 h non-ppo darkening occurred across a range of ph 3.5-10.5, and in tasman this was overlaid by darkening from ppo activity. the rate of darkening in yan was separated into two main time periods, 0-4 and 4-24 h. the first 4 h of darkening was further divided into two stages using ...	2009	19469560
oligosaccharin and aba synergistically affect the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter wheat.	in this paper, we continue our studies of the previously discovered [o.a. zabotina, d.a. ayupova, o.n. larskaya, o.n. nikolaeva, g.i. petrovicheva, a.i. zabotin, physiologically active oligosaccharides, accumulating in the roots of winter wheat during adaptation to low temperature, russian journal of plant physiology 45 (1998) 262] oligosaccharin (physiologically active oligosaccharide) gxag, which stimulates the acquisition of freezing tolerance in winter varieties of triticum aestivum l. the t ...	2009	19467881
study on programmed cell death and dynamic changes of starch accumulation in pericarp cells of triticum aestivum l.	features of programmed cell death (pcd) and dynamic changes of starch accumulation in developing pericarp cells of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were observed and analyzed by periodic acid-schiff/toluidine blue o double staining, fluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated fluorescein deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (tunel) and transmission electron microscopy. the results showed that cellular organelles were orderly disintegrated. tunel-positive nuclei were ...	2009	19455280
induction and transmission of wheat-haynaldia villosa chromosomal translocations.	in order to develop more wheat-haynaldia villosa translocations involving different chromosomes and chromosome segments of h. villosa, t. durum-h. villosa amphiploid was irradiated with 60co gamma-rays at doses of 800, 1,200, and 1,600 rad. pollen collected from the spikes 1, 2, and 3 days after irradiation were transferred to emasculated spikes of the common wheat cv. 'chinese spring'. genomic in situ hybridization was used to identify wheat-h. villosa chromosome translocations in the m1 genera ...	2009	19447380
ecotoxicological effects of paracetamol on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	in order to assess ecological risk of pharmaceutical compounds entering into agricultural ecosystems, toxic effects of paracetamol with therapeutic action on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated as an example, using early growing and developmental indexes of wheat, including seed germination, shoot height and root length, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, chlorophyll, and soluble protein in the seedlings. the results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation decreased significantly ( ...	2009	19446955
effects of heavy-ion beams on chromosomes of common wheat, triticum aestivum.	to investigate the nature of plant chromosomes irradiated by heavy-ion beams, the effects of nitrogen (n) and neon (ne) ion beams on hexaploid wheat chromosomes were compared with those of x-ray. chromosome aberrations, such as short, ring and dicentric chromosomes appeared in high frequency. the average numbers of chromosome breaks at ld-50 by irradiation with x-ray, n and ne ion beams were 32, 20 and 20, respectively. these values may be underestimated because chromosome rearrangement without ...	2009	19442674
molecular markers based identification of diversity for drought tolerance in bread wheat varieties and synthetic hexaploids.	the complexity of the wheat genome has delayed the development and application of molecular markers to this species and wheat now lies behind barley, maize and rice in marker development. however, improvements in marker detection systems and in the techniques used to identify markers linked to useful traits has allowed considerable advances to be made in recent years. to evaluate the genetic diversity 53 genotypes of richard's selection, were studied at national agriculture reseach center (narc) ...	2009	19430030
dissection of barley chromosome 3h in common wheat and a comparison of 3h physical and genetic maps.	we used the gametocidal system to dissect a barley chromosome 3h added to common wheat. the gametocidal system induced chromosomal structural changes in the 3h addition line of common wheat, and we cytologically screened for rearranged chromosomes involving the 3h chromosome by in situ hybridization (fish/gish). we established 50 common wheat lines carrying single rearranged (or dissected) 3h chromosomes of independent origin. the dissected 3h chromosomes were either deletions or translocations ...	2009	19420798
scarlet-rz1, an ems-generated hexaploid wheat with tolerance to the soilborne necrotrophic pathogens rhizoctonia solani ag-8 and r. oryzae.	the necrotrophic root pathogens rhizoctonia solani ag-8 and r. oryzae cause rhizoctonia root rot and damping-off, yield-limiting diseases that pose barriers to the adoption of conservation tillage in wheat production systems. existing control practices are only partially effective, and natural genetic resistance to rhizoctonia has not been identified in wheat or its close relatives. we report the first genetic resistance/tolerance to r. solani ag-8 and r. oryzae in wheat (triticum aestivum l. em ...	2009	19407984
delayed wheat flag leaf senescence due to removal of spikelets is associated with increased activities of leaf antioxidant enzymes, reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio and oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins.	removal of reproductive 'sink' i.e. spikelets from wheat at anthesis delays the rate of flag leaf senescence. in this work, the antioxidant defense was studied in the flag leaf of triticum aestivum cv. kalyansona plants showing normal (s + plants) and delayed senescence via removal of spikelets (s- plants). this was done by measurement of metabolites and activities of enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydr ...	2009	19394842
low crop plant population densities promote pollen-mediated gene flow in spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	transgenic wheat is currently being field tested with the intent of eventual commercialization. the development of wheat genotypes with novel traits has raised concerns regarding the presence of volunteer wheat populations and the role they may play in facilitating transgene movement. here, we report the results of a field experiment that investigated the potential of spring wheat plant population density and crop height to minimize gene flow from a herbicide-resistant (hr) volunteer population ...	2009	19387859
water movement into dormant and non-dormant wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grains.	the movement of water into harvest-ripe grains of dormant and non-dormant genotypes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using magnetic resonance micro-imaging (mrmi). images of virtual sections, both longitudinal and transverse, throughout the grain were collected at intervals after the start of imbibition and used to reconstruct a picture of water location within the different grain tissues and changes over time. the observations were supplemented by the weighing measurements of wa ...	2009	19386615
multiple genetic loci for zinc uptake and distribution in barley (hordeum vulgare).	micronutrient malnutrition, often called 'hidden hunger', affects over two billion people globally. this is particularly problematic in developing countries where widespread zinc (zn) deficiency exists as a result of a predominantly plant-based diet. furthermore, supplemental fertilizers are often unavailable or unaffordable in impoverished regions where soil infertility is common. delivery of more zn via food grains is theoretically possible through selective breeding strategies, but severe tec ...	2009	19656306
starch-bound 2s proteins and kernel texture in einkorn, triticum monococcum ssp monococcum.	the starch granule proteins from 113 einkorn wheat (triticum monococcum ssp monococcum) accessions were analyzed by acidic, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a-page), and two-dimensional a-page x sds-page. all accessions were confirmed to contain equal amounts of two polypeptide chains corresponding to puroindoline b (pin-b), as well as a prominent component plus a faint band corresponding to puroindoline a (pin-a). when compared with soft-textured common wheat, "monococcum" accessions showed ...	2009	19655123
fine mapping and marker development for the crossability gene skr on chromosome 5bs of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	most elite wheat varieties cannot be crossed with related species thereby restricting greatly the germplasm that can be used for alien introgression in breeding programs. inhibition to crossability is controlled genetically and a number of qtl have been identified to date, including the major gene kr1 on 5bl and skr, a strong qtl affecting crossability between wheat and rye on chromosome 5bs. in this study, we used a recombinant ssd population originating from a cross between the poorly crossabl ...	2009	19652174
influence of extrusion-cooking parameters on some quality aspects of precooked pasta-like products.	the present article aims to evaluate some quality parameters and texture characteristics of precooked wheat pasta-like products. using the methods for pasta and instant noodles the tested parameters were water absorption, starch gelatinization degree, cooking losses, and hardness. the texture profile was characterized using zwick apparatus by cutting test with the head speed of 10 mm/min and expressed as hardness and firmness of hydrated products. sem pictures were used to illustrate the interna ...	2009	19646037
proteome analysis of chloroplast proteins in stage albinism line of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) fa85.	the "stage albinism line of winter wheat" fa85 was a specific natural mutant strain on leaf color. this physiological mutation was controlled by cytogene. in order to reveal the genetic and biochemical mechanism of albinism, 2-de was used to investigate the difference of chloroplast protein expression pattern between fa85 and its parent wheat aibian 1. from the results of 2-de gels analysis, approximately 683 spots were detected on each gel, and 57 spots were expressed differently at least two-f ...	2009	19643044
[genealogical and statistical analyses of the inheritance of gliadin-coding alleles in a model set of common wheat triticum aestivum l. cultivars].	allelic diversity of the gliadin-coding loci gli-1 and gli-2 was compared with the genealogical profiles of common wheat cultivars developed in saratov. allele tracking through their pedigrees and hierarchic cluster analysis associated 31 gli alleles with groups of original ancestors. the cultivars poltavka (12 alleles of six loci) and selivanovskii rusak (six alleles of six loci) were identified as sources of the majority of alleles. the results of the cluster analysis fully coincided with the ...	2009	19639870
production of intergeneric hybrid between dwarfing polish wheat (triticum polonicum l.) and aegilops tauschii cosson. with reference to wheat origin.	dwarfing polish wheat is a dwarfing accession of triticum polonicum l. from xinjiang of china. in the present study, the artificial hybridization between dwarfing polish wheat and two accessions of aegilops tauschii cosson. (as60 and as65) was carried out, and the f1 hybrids were obtained successfully without using embryo rescue techniques for the first time. the crossabilities of hybrids t. polonicum x ae. tauschii (as60) and t. polonicum x ae. tauschii (as65) were 1.67% and 0.60% respectively. ...	2009	19639868
[the effect of apoptosis inductor dexamethasone on the energy exchange and ultrastructure of plant cells].	changes in respiration and cell ultrastructure induced by long-term incubation with dexamethasone (dm) in excised roots of 5-day old wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings were investigated. during 5 h incubation of roots with dm, oxygen consumption was inhibited by 20-30%, while respiratory coefficient did not change and its value was about 1. dm prevented from glucose-induced activation of respiration, which indicated blockade of glycolysis and decrease in oxygen uptake by this apoptotic induc ...	2009	19637758
molecular characterization of a wheat protein induced by vernalisation.	using a pcr strategy we isolated from winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. bolero) the ver2 gene coding for a modular protein constituted by an n-terminal domain called "dirigent", found in several defence-related genes, and a c-terminal domain related to jacalin-related lectin (jrl). ver2 transcript as well as native ver2 levels increased during vernalisation and upon methyl jasmonate treatment of young seedlings. ver2 transcript levels were kept constant either in infected tissues or in woun ...	2009	19626429
influence of leaf tolerance mechanisms and rain on boron toxicity in barley and wheat.	boron (b) toxicity is common in many areas of the world. plant tolerance to high b varies widely and has previously been attributed to reduced uptake of b, most commonly as a result of b efflux from roots. in this study, it is shown that the expression of genes encoding b efflux transporters in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) is associated with an ability of leaf tissues to withstand higher concentrations of b. in tolerant cultivars, necrosis in leaves occurred a ...	2009	19625636
characterization and mapping of complementary lesion-mimic genes lm1 and lm2 in common wheat.	a lesion-mimic phenotype appeared in a segregating population of common wheat cross yanzhan 1/zaosui 30. the parents had non-lesion normal phenotypes. shading treatment and histochemical analyses showed that the lesions were caused by light-dependent cell death and were not associated with pathogens. studies over two cropping seasons showed that some lines with more highly expressed lesion-mimic phenotypes exhibited significantly lower grain yields than those with the normal phenotype, but there ...	2009	19621213
ozone exposure of field-grown winter wheat affects soil mesofauna in the rhizosphere.	a 2-year open-top chamber experiment with field-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. astron) was conducted to examine the effects of ozone on plant growth and selected groups of soil mesofauna in the rhizosphere. from may through june in each year, plants were exposed to two levels of o(3): non-filtered (nf) ambient air or nf+ 40 ppb o(3) (nf+). during o(3) exposure, soil sampling was performed at two dates according to different plant growth stages. o(3) exposure reduced above- and belo ...	2009	19616877
glutathione transferase activity and expression patterns during grain filling in flag leaves of wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance: response to water deficit.	total glutathione s-transferase (gst, ec 2.5.1.18) and glutathione peroxidase (gpox) activity were measured spectrophotometrically in triticum aestivum cv. mv emese and cv. plainsman (drought tolerant) and cv. gk elet and cappelle desprez (drought-sensitive) flag leaves under control and drought stress conditions during the grain-filling period, in order to reveal possible roles of different gst classes in the senescence of flag leaves. six wheat gsts, members of 3 gst classes, were selected and ...	2009	19615785
insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against three stored-product insect pests: influence of dose rate, temperature, commodity, and exposure interval.	the insecticidal efficacy of abamectin against adults of rhyzopertha dominica (f.), sitophilus oryzae (l.), and tribolium confusum jacquelin du val was assessed under laboratory conditions. the efficacy of abamectin was assessed on two commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l. and maize, zea mays l.) and two temperatures (25 and 30 degrees c). the dose rates used were 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1 ppm. mortality of the exposed adults in the treated grains was measured after 7, 14 and 21 d (= days), where ...	2009	19610457
cultivar preferences of ovipositing wheat stem sawflies as influenced by the amount of volatile attractant.	the wheat stem sawfly, cephus cinctus norton, causes severe losses in wheat grown in the northern great plains. much of the affected area is planted in monoculture with wheat, triticum aestivum l., grown in large fields alternating yearly between crop and no-till fallow. the crop and fallow fields are adjacent. this cropping landscape creates pronounced edge effects of sawfly infestations and may be amenable to trap cropping using existing agricultural practices. the behavioral preference for tw ...	2009	19610414
dough rheology and wet milling of hard waxy wheat flours.	to realize the full potential of waxy wheat (triticum aestivum l.), the wet milling properties of waxy wheat flours including their dough-mixing properties were investigated. flours of six waxy hard wheats, one normal hard wheat ('karl 92'), and one partial waxy hard wheat ('trego') were fractionated by the dough-washing (martin) process, and the yields and recoveries of starch and gluten were compared. when waxy and normal wheat starches each were blended with a wheat gluten to give a mixture c ...	2009	19594158
cytological changes in turkish durum and bread wheat genotypes in response to salt stress.	effects of salt stress on root growth, mitotic index, nuclear volume, vacuolization, nucleolar distortion and starch content were investigated in turkish bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l. cvs. yildiz - salt sensitive, dagdas - salt tolerant) and durum wheat ( triticum durum l. cvs. c1252 - salt sensitive, meramsalt tolerant) genotypes which were treated with 150 mm naci over a 6-day period. salt treatment of wheat seedlings resulted in a decrease in root elongation and cell division in all geno ...	2009	19584031
heterosis in some crosses of bread wheat under irrigation and drought conditions.	five bread wheat varieties with different characteristics were crossed in a half-diallel model in 2005/2006 season. the five parents and their 10 f1 hybrids were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions during 2006/2007 season, to estimate heterosis of some wheat crosses for drought tolerance and selecting the crosses which could be useful in breeding programs for drought tolerance. the results indicated that, the best crosses over their mid parents at water stress condition for days t ...	2009	19579996
gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease.	ten wheat lines were studied to determine gene effects and combining ability in some bread wheat genotypes to yellow rust disease. ten parental lines and f1 were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in agricultural and natural resources research center, mashhad, iran. two races (134e134a+ and 4e0a+) were used for this study. latent period (lp) and infection type (it) were measured in the field and greenhouse. results showed significant differences between races ...	2009	19579935
members of the dof transcription factor family in triticum aestivum are associated with light-mediated gene regulation.	dna binding with one finger (dof) protein is a plant-specific transcription factor implicated in the regulation of many important plant-specific processes, including photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. this study has identified 31 dof genes (tadof) in bread wheat through extensive analysis of current nucleotide databases. phylogenetic analysis suggests that the tadof family can be divided into four clades. expression analysis of the tadof family across all major organs using quantitative ...	2009	19578911
benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, a model for evolution of secondary metabolic pathways in plants.	benzoxazinoids are secondary metabolites that are effective in defence and allelopathy. they are synthesised in two subfamilies of the poaceae and sporadically found in single species of the dicots. the biosynthesis is fully elucidated in maize; here the genes encoding the enzymes of the pathway are in physical proximity. this "biosynthetic cluster" might facilitate coordinated gene regulation. data from zea mays, triticum aestivum and hordeum lechleri suggest that the pathway is of monophyletic ...	2009	19577780
low-energy x-ray fluorescence microscopy opening new opportunities for bio-related research.	biological systems are unique matter with very complex morphology and highly heterogeneous chemical composition dominated by light elements. discriminating qualitatively at the sub-micrometer level the lateral distribution of constituent elements, and correlating it to the sub-cellular biological structure, continues to be a challenge. the low-energy x-ray fluorescence microspectroscopy, recently implemented in twinmic scanning transmission mode, has opened up new opportunities for mapping the d ...	2009	19570794
[effects of shading on wheat grain starch quality and redistribution of pre-anthesis stored nonstructural carbohydrates].	this paper studied the effects of shading in the period from jointing to maturity on the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste traits of two winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars, shading-tolerant yangmai 158 and shading-intolerant yangmai 11, and analyzed the relationships of the redistribution of total soluble sugars stored before anthesis in vegetative organs with the grain yield, starch content, and starch paste parameters of the cultivars. the results showed that shading dec ...	2009	19565759
effect of water stress on carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity in bread and durum wheat genotypes.	carbon isotope discrimination (cid) has been suggested as an indirect tool for selection of water use efficiency in wheat. this study evaluates the role of rubisco activity in regulating carbon isotope discrimination (cid) and discriminate the response of durum (pdw-233) and bread (c-306, hd-2329) wheat genotypes for carbon isotope discrimination and rubisco activity under induced water stress hydroponically created by using different concentrations of peg. in c-306, a well known drought toleran ...	2009	23572938
genetic variability in brazilian wheat cultivars assessed by microsatellite markers.	wheat (triticum aestivum) is one of the most important food staples in the south of brazil. understanding genetic variability among the assortment of brazilian wheat is important for breeding. the aim of this work was to molecularly characterize the thirty-six wheat cultivars recommended for various regions of brazil, and to assess mutual genetic distances, through the use of microsatellite markers. twenty three polymorphic microsatellite markers (pmm) delineated all 36 of the samples, revealing ...	2009	21637519
wheat-alien metaphase i pairing of individual wheat genomes and d genome chromosomes in interspecific hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and aegilops geniculata roth.	homoeologous metaphase i (mi) pairing of triticum aestivum x aegilops geniculata hybrids (2n = 5x = 35, abdu(g)m(g)) has been examined by an in situ hybridization procedure permitting simultaneous discrimination of a, b, d and wild genomes. the seven d genome chromosomes (and their arms, except for 6d and 7d) plus some additional wheat chromosomes were also identified. wheat-wild mi associations represented more than 60% of total, with an average ratio of 5:1:12 for those involving the a, b and ...	2009	19557382
transcriptional profiling in response to terminal drought stress reveals differential responses along the wheat genome.	water stress during grain filling has a marked effect on grain yield, leading to a reduced endosperm cell number and thus sink capacity to accumulate dry matter. the bread wheat cultivar chinese spring (cs), a chinese spring terminal deletion line (cs_5al-10) and the durum wheat cultivar creso were subjected to transcriptional profiling after exposure to mild and severe drought stress at the grain filling stage to find evidences of differential stress responses associated to different wheat geno ...	2009	19552804
arsenate toxicity for wheat and lettuce in six chinese soils with different properties.	to assess soil arsenic (as, in the form of arsenate) toxicity to plants, 6-d root elongation tests on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and lettuce (lactuca sativa) were conducted in six chinese soils freshly spiked with as. plants were treated with 7 or 10 levels of as to establish concentration-effect curves. median effective concentration and 10% effective concentration values were derived with regression analysis to measure as toxic potencies, and no-observed-effect concentration was determined b ...	2009	19379017
eco-toxic effects of sulfadiazine sodium, sulfamonomethoxine sodium and enrofloxacin on wheat, chinese cabbage and tomato.	investigation of the toxic effects of three veterinary drugs [sulfadiazine sodium (sds), sulfamonomethoxine sodium (smms), and enrofloxacin (eflx)] on seed germination, root elongation and shoot elongation of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.) and tomato (cyphomandra betacea) was carried out. significant linear relationships between the root and shoot elongation and the concentration of veterinary drugs addition were observed. the effects of the three veterina ...	2009	19554446
accumulation and distribution of toxic metals in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and indian mustard (brassica campestris l.) irrigated with distillery and tannery effluents.	in the present study, accumulation and distribution of toxic metals (cu, cd, cr, zn, fe, ni, mn, and pb) and their biochemical effect on wheat and mustard plants irrigated with mixed distillery and tannery effluents are reported. analyses of effluents and soil samples have shown high metal content than the permissible limit except pb. further, analyses of plant samples have indicated the maximum accumulation of fe (340 mg kg(-1) in wheat root and 560 mg kg(-1) in mustard leaves) followed by mn a ...	2009	18650002
adaptive evolution of chloroplast genomes in ancestral grasses.	the grass family, poaceae, is one of the most successful families among angiosperms. although it has long been suggested that the chloroplast genomes of the poaceae have undergone an elevated evolutionary rate compared to other angiosperms, little was known about the details of this phenomenon. by using chloroplast genome data from 31 seed plants species, we recently showed that episodic rate acceleration occurred in the common ancestral branch of the core poaceae (a clade formed by rice oryza s ...	2009	19820316
gene content and virtual gene order of barley chromosome 1h.	chromosome 1h (approximately 622 mb) of barley (hordeum vulgare) was isolated by flow sorting and shotgun sequenced by gsflx pyrosequencing to 1.3-fold coverage. fluorescence in situ hybridization and stringent sequence comparison against genetically mapped barley genes revealed 95% purity of the sorted chromosome 1h fraction. sequence comparison against the reference genomes of rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and against wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley expressed sequence ...	2009	19692534
quackgrass- and ryegrass-adapted populations of the cereal rust mite, abacarus hystrix (acari: eriophyidae), differ in their potential for wheat, triticum aestivum, colonization.	the cereal rust mite, abacarus hystrix, is one of the most notable among mites causing losses in cultivated grasslands. it is one of a few eriophyoid species for which a broad host range has been reported. recent studies, however, have shown that host specialization is very likely in this species. for two populations of a. hystrix (one inhabiting perennial ryegrass, the second inhabiting quackgrass), host-associated differences correlated with strong host fidelity, distinct phenotypes and reprod ...	2009	18590598
variation in dehydration tolerance, aba sensitivity and related gene expression patterns in d-genome progenitor and synthetic hexaploid wheat lines.	the wild wheat aegilops tauschii coss. has extensive natural variation available for breeding of common wheat. drought stress tolerance is closely related to abscisic acid (aba) sensitivity. in this study, 17 synthetic hexaploid wheat lines, produced by crossing the tetraploid wheat cultivar langdon with 17 accessions of ae. tauschii, were used for comparative analysis of natural variation in drought tolerance and aba sensitivity. ae. tauschii showed wide natural variation, with weak association ...	2009	19582226
a modified tilling approach to detect induced mutations in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat.	wheat (triticum ssp.) is an important food source for humans in many regions around the world. however, the ability to understand and modify gene function for crop improvement is hindered by the lack of available genomic resources. tilling is a powerful reverse genetics approach that combines chemical mutagenesis with a high-throughput screen for mutations. wheat is specially well-suited for tilling due to the high mutation densities tolerated by polyploids, which allow for very efficient screen ...	2009	19712486
bioaccumulation assessment via an adapted multi-species soil system (ms.3) and its application using cadmium.	this paper presents an experimental design for quantifying the transfer of chemicals at low trophic levels of terrestrial ecosystems. the soil microcosms, ms.3(foodchain) (food chain multi-specie soil system) covered the transfer from soil to earthworms (eisenia fetida) and from soil to plant (triticum aestivum), then to phytophagus (rhopalosiphum padi) and finally predator (chrysoperla carnea) species. cadmium was used as model pollutant. cadmium accumulation in foliar invertebrates was related ...	2009	19237196
glycoproteins from russian wheat aphid infested wheat induce defence responses.	elicitors are molecules which can induce the activation of plant defence responses. elicitor activity of intercellular wash fluid from russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) infested resistant (cv tugela dn), and susceptible (cv tugela), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was investigated. known russian wheat aphid resistance related responses such as peroxidase and beta-1,3-glucanase activities were used as parameters of elicitor activity. the intercellular wash fluid from infested resista ...	2009	12440726
[ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline on wheat (triticum aestivum) based on seed germination and seedling development].	the ecotoxicological effects of oxytetracycline (otc) on the germination of wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds and the early development of wheat seedlings were investigated. the results showed that the elongation of wheat shoots and roots was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by otc, and there was a good dose-response relationship between the otc concentration and inhibition rates. according to the linear regression equation, ec50 of otc for inhibiting wheat shoot and root elongation was 65.5 mg/ ...	2009	19968125
assessment of genes controlling area under disease progress curve (audpc) for stripe rust (p. striiformis f. sp. tritici) in two wheat (triticum aestivum l.) crosses.	genetic effects on controlling stripe rust resistance were determined in two wheat crosses, bakhtawar-92 x frontana (cross 1) and inqilab-91 x fakhre sarhad (cross 2) using area under disease progress curve (audpc) as a measure of stripe rust resistance. the resistant and susceptible genotypes for crosses were identified by initial assessment of 45 wheat accessions for stripe rust resistance. mixed inheritance model was applied to the data analysis of six basic populations p1, f1, p2, b1, b2, an ...	2009	19938644
ecotoxicological effects of typical personal care products on seed germination and seedling development of wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	biochemical responses of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings stressed by two typical personal care products (pcps)--triclosan (tcs) and galaxolide (hhcb)--were experimentally investigated to assess their ecological risks. the results showed that wheat shoot and root elongation was significantly inhibited by 50-250 mg l(-1) tcs and hhcb. wheat roots were sensitive to tcs, while shoots were sensitive to hhcb. the median effect concentration (ec(50)) of tcs and hhcb based on the inhibition of th ...	2009	19631961
analysis of betaine and choline contents of aleurone, bran, and flour fractions of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) using (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy.	in conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. this present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer ( triticum aestivum l. cv. tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). the bran fraction contained 866.94 a ...	2009	19199513
analysis of class iii peroxidase genes expressed in roots of resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by heterodera avenae.	the response of resistant wheat-aegilops ventricosa introgression line h-93-8 and its susceptible parent, triticum aestivum h-10-15, to ha71 spanish population of heterodera avenae was studied to determine the changes in peroxidase gene expression during incompatible and compatible wheat-nematode interactions. twenty peroxidase genes were characterized from both 211 expressed sequence tags and 259 genomic dna clones. alignment of deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic clustering with pero ...	2009	19656043
assignment of aegilops variabilis eig chromosomes and translocations carrying resistance to nematodes in wheat.	the allotetraploid species aegilops variabilis eig (2n = 28, uusvsv) belongs to the tribe triticeae and is closely related to wheat. one accession, ae. variabilis no. 1, was found to be resistant to the cereal cyst nematode (ccn) and the root-knot nematode (rkn). as the genetic variability for resistance to those two pests is limited within wheat, this accession was crossed to bread wheat. previous work enabled the development of two addition lines and two translocation lines carrying resistance ...	2009	19370089
algerian pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l.) contains xip but not taxi and tlxi type xylanase inhibitors.	an xip (xylanase inhibiting protein) type xylanase inhibitor was purified from algerian pearl millet ( pennisetum glaucum l.) grains and characterized for the first time. cation exchange and affinity chromatography with immobilized trichoderma longibrachiatum glycoside hydrolase (gh) family 11 xylanase resulted in electrophoretically pure protein with a molecular mass of 27-29 kda and a pi value of 6.7. the experimentally determined n-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified xip protein is 8 ...	2009	19459708
transgenic approach to improve wheat (triticum aestivum l.) nutritional quality.	an amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) albumin gene, encoding the 35-kda ama1 protein of the seed, with a high content of essential amino acids, was used in the biolistic transformation of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) variety cadenza. the transformation cassette carried the ama1 gene under the control of a powerful wheat endosperm-specific promoter (1bx17 hmw-gs). southern-blot analysis of t(1) lines confirmed the integration of the foreign gene, while rt-pcr and western-blot analyses of ...	2009	19466426
[bioindication of environmental quality based on plant mutational and modification variability].	the level of mutations (aberrations of chromosomes, gene mutations) and modifications (bilateral asymmetry of the leaves) induced with ng (n-methyl-n-nitro-n-nitro-zoguanidine) and granozane, as well as with environmental pollutants have been studied on vicia faba, triticum aestivum, arabidopsis thaliana, ligustrum japonicum, olea europea. the tested xenobiotic increased the level of mutations and modifications. the bilateral asymmetry is suggested as a test for environmental quality assessment.	2009	19938627
trifldb: a database of clustered full-length coding sequences from triticeae with applications to comparative grass genomics.	the triticeae full-length cds database (trifldb) contains available information regarding full-length coding sequences (cdss) of the triticeae crops wheat (triticum aestivum) and barley (hordeum vulgare) and includes functional annotations and comparative genomics features. trifldb provides a search interface using keywords for gene function and related gene ontology terms and a similarity search for dna and deduced translated amino acid sequences to access annotations of triticeae full-length c ...	2009	19448038
a sulphur deficiency-induced gene, sdi1, involved in the utilization of stored sulphate pools under sulphur-limiting conditions has potential as a diagnostic indicator of sulphur nutritional status.	a sulphate deficiency-induced gene, sdi1, has been identified by cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis utilizing field-grown, nutrient-deficient wheat (triticum aestivum var. hereward). the expression of sdi1 was specifically induced in leaf and root tissues in response to sulphate deficiency, but was not induced by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium or magnesium deficiency. expression was also shown to increase in plant tissues as the external sulphate concentration in hydrop ...	2009	19154231