Publications

buoyant density of tobacco and spinach chloroplast dna.		1968	5649909
spinach ferredoxin. ii. typtic, chymotryptic, and thermolytic peptides, and complete amino acid sequence.		1968	5651327
an improved preparative method for spinach catalase and evaluation of some of its properties.		1968	5657866
release of free fatty acids and loss of hill activity by aging spinach chloroplasts.	the free fatty acid content of spinach chloroplasts, isolated at ph 5.8 to 8.0, has been found to vary between 3.1 and 5.5% of the total chloroplast fatty acids. when chloroplasts were incubated at room temperature for 2 hours, the free fatty acids increased by 42% and the hill activity decreased by 70%. after 2 hours of incubation at 37 degrees , the free fatty acids increased about 3-fold and the hill activity decreased to almost 0. the addition of crystalline bovine serum albumin largely prev ...	1968	5661491
d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases of higher plants.	the d-glyceraldehyde 3-p dehydrogenases of spinach leaf, pea seed, and pea shoot were purified. the nadp and nad-linked enzymes of either spinach leaves and pea shoots could not be separated. changes in the ratio of nadp- to nad-linked activity of the spinach leaf and pea shoot enzymes were observed during both purification and storage of crude extracts. the spinach leaf, pea shoot, and pea seed enzymes differ electrophoretically from each other and from the rabbit muscle enzyme. the pea seed an ...	1968	4387009
the stoicheiometry of electron transfer by bacterial and plant ferredoxins.	1. the number of electrons carried by ferredoxins from spinach, the blue-green alga anacystis nidulans, the anaerobic bacterium clostridium welchii and the photosynthetic bacterium chromatium was determined. 2. ferredoxins were reduced by illuminated chloroplasts, and the stoicheiometry of the reoxidation in the dark of the ferredoxins by nadp and benzyl viologen was measured. 3. spinach and a. nidulans ferredoxins were found to be one-electron carriers, and cl. welchii and chromatium ferredoxin ...	1968	4387387
studies on ferrochelatase. the enzymic formation of haem in proplastids, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria.	1. ferrochelatase was demonstrated in the chloroplasts and proplastids isolated from the primary leaves of beans (a dicotyledon) and oats (a monocotyledon). it was also detected in chloroplasts from etiolated bean seedlings made green by illumination before being harvested. the specific activities of the three types of bean organelles are similar, as are the specific activities of the oat proplastids and chloroplasts. 2. chloroplasts from young spinach leaves also contain ferrochelatase; these c ...	1968	4298995
absorption of chlorophyll phytol in normal man and in patients with refsum's disease.	this study was made to determine the extent of absorption of chlorophyll phytol from the intestine of man, and the importance of chlorophyll as a source of the phytanic acid that accumulates in refsum's disease. uniformly (14)c-labeled pheophytin a (the mg-free derivative of chlorophyll a) was fed to normal human subjects and to patients with refsum's disease. feces were collected and analyzed. in all subjects, 90-95% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the feces, still largely in ...	1968	4177872
acetate binding of spinach chloroplasts as a facet of fatty acid synthesis.	a particulate fraction of spinach chloroplasts is the major site of binding when either acetate or acetyl-coa is used as substrate. the acetate is linked covalently, and the binding is inhibited by reagents which react with sulfhydryl groups. the amount of acetate bound is lowered by both citrate and oxaloacetate; however, the binding is not reversed by oxaloacetate. reversal of binding is also not brought about by the addition of unlabeled acetyl-coa. if cofactors for fatty acid synthesis and c ...	1968	5662385
biogenesis of oxalate in plant tissues.	red beet root discs aerated in potassium phosphate for 2 to 3 days and young spinach leaves actively produce oxalate. a series of labeled compounds was supplied to each of these tissues to determine the extent of conversion to oxalate. similar results were obtained with the 2 tissues except that in the leaf tissue glyoxylate and glycolate were outstandingly good precursors. carbon from glucose, acetate, and particularly from some acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle was recovered in oxalate. ex ...	1968	16656975
role of aldolase in photosynthesis. ii demonstration of aldolase types in photosynthetic organisms.	spinach leaves and photoautotrophically grown euglena and chlorella possess fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate but insensitive to k(+) or ethylenediamine tetraacetate (type i). dark grown euglena and chlorella have aldolases inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate and ethylenediamine tetraacetate but stimulated by k(+) (type ii). the red alga, chondrus, and the golden-brown alga, ochromonas, appear to possess both types. bean, pea, and spinach seeds and the leav ...	1968	16656841
oxygen evolution and the permeability of the outer envelope of isolated whole chloroplasts.	a rapid oxygraph method of studying the permeability of the envelope of isolated chloroplasts was used. the outer envelope of aqueously isolated whole spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts in buffer is readily permeable to 3-phosphoglyceric acid, which induces an immediate light dependent oxygen evolution. this light dependent oxygen evolution was completely eliminated by swelling these plastids in an osmotically dilute solution. exogenous adenosine diphosphate, but not inorganic phosphate ...	1968	16656943
[the role of phosphorylase in starch metabolism in plastids].	two phosphorylases could be detected on gel-electropherograms of leaf-extracts of spinacia oleracea and of immature cotyledons of vicia faba. these two phosphorylases could be separated by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation. both the slower migrating phosphorylases from spinach and from beans, but not the fast one from beans, could be adsorbed on amyloplasts. this process takes place only when the amyloplasts are suspended in a salt medium. the slow phosphorylases can also be adsorbed on ch ...	1968	24522870
the effect of excess moisture on the germination of spinacia oleracea l.	the reversible inhibition of the germination of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) seeds in conditions which are even slightly wetter than optimal has been traced to the production, in a wet environment, of a layer of mucilage around and within the fruit coat which surrounds the true seed. such wet seeds may however germinate readily when the temperature is lowered, or the oxygen pressure of the environment is raised, or the intact seeds are placed for a short time in hydrogen peroxide before being ...	1968	24519211
chloroplast integrity and atp-dependent co(2) fixation in spinacia oleracea.	washed whole chloroplasts of spinacia oleracea isolated and assayed in a tris (hydroxymethyl aminomethane)-hcl buffered sucrose solution exhibited low dark co(2) fixing activity, whereas washed whole chloroplasts isolated in the same buffer but assayed in that buffer without sucrose exhibited much greater dark co(2) fixing activity. the lowered activity could be attributed to the impermeability of the chloroplast membrane to ribose-5-phosphate or adenosine triphosphate. the preservation of the i ...	1967	16656658
[studies on the backward-reactions in the xanthophyll-cycle of chlorella, spinacia and taxus].	the epoxidation of zeaxanthin to the di-epoxide violaxanthin via the mono-epoxide antheraxanthin (called the backward-reaction), is examined with several plant objects and under various conditions.in chlorella and in the needles of taxus baccata a backward-conversion can be observed immediately after the termination of strong illumination. the reaction can be accelerated somewhat by exposure of the plant material to pure o2 or dim light.one cannot observe such an epoxidation in leaf disks of spi ...	1967	24549422
studies on l-threonine dehydratase from spinach (spinacia oleracea).		1967	4233789
aldolase activity in chloroplasts of spinacia oleracea.		1967	5589216
[rhizosphere products of helianthus annuus and spinacia oleracea].		1967	5584637
[hill reaction and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts in relation to water content : i. removal of water by means of concentrated solutions].	1. water was removed by means of concentrated solutions from chloroplasts which were isolated from leaves of spinach and beets. during and after the dehydration hill reaction and cyclic photophosphorylation with pms as a cofactor were investigated. as osmotic amterial glucose, sucrose, lutrol and nacl were used. 2. no depression of ferricyanide reduction was obtained in 3 m sugar solution and in 2.5 m lutrol solution. these concentrations correspond to a loss of water amounting to 90% of the tot ...	1967	24554371
[hill reaction and photophosphorylation of isolated chloroplasts in relation to water content : ii. removal of water by cacl2].	1. isolated chloroplasts from leaves of spinach and beets were dehydrated by drying for 3 hours in vacuo over cacl2 at +2°c in the absence and in the presence of different substances. after rehydration ferricyanide reduction, cyclic photophosphorylation with psm as cofactor, noncyclic photophosphorylation and the level of free sh groups were investigated. furthermore, the quantity of water bound under the conditions of the test by the chloroplast lamellae and by the different substances was dete ...	1967	24554402
some physiological responses to d,l abscisin (dormin).	the responses to synthetic d,l abscisin have been studied in a variety of tests. when fed in aqueous solution continuously to leaves of seedlings growing under long day conditions, d,l abscisin caused the cessation of extension growth and the formation of typical resting-buds in betula pubescens, acer pseudoplatanus and ribes nigrum. abscisin also inhibited the growth of non-dormant buds of potato when applied to the whole tubers, but was much less effective when applied to isolated tuber plugs. ...	1967	24554370
spectroscopic studies on spinach ferredoxin and adrenodoxin.		1967	4292055
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in phyletically diverse organisms.	electrophoretically distinct forms of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (tdh) have been detected in turtle, perch, trout, spinach, and yeast. multiple forms were not detected in rat, rabbit, chicken, frog, honey bee, euglena, or escherichia coli. the combination of two different subunits into tetramers is a probable explanation for the five-membered sets usually detected in extracts exhibiting tdh multiplicity.	1967	5341534
a factor from spinach leaves interacting with chlorophylls.		1967	6048856
thermodynamics of light emission and free-energy storage in photosynthesis.	a planck law relationship between absorption and emission spectra is used to compute the fluorescence spectra of some photosynthetic systems from their absorption spectra. calculated luminescence spectra of purple bacteria agree well but not perfectly with published experimental spectra. application of the planck law relation to published activation spectra for systems i and ii of spinach chloroplasts permits independent calculation of the luminescence spectra of the two systems; if the luminesc ...	1967	6048879
absorption of phytol from dietary chlorophyll in the rat.	the fate of ingested chlorophyll-particularly of the phytol portion of the molecule-was studied. uniformly (14)c-labeled pheophytin a (the mg-free derivative of chlorophyll a) was prepared from an extract of tobacco leaves grown in (14)co(2), and was administered by stomach tube to rats in which the thoracic duct had been cannulated. only about 2% of the administered radioactivity was absorbed in 24 hr, largely into the thoracic duct lymph. moreover, only a fraction of this lymph radioactivity w ...	1967	6057491
enzymatic synthesis of cystathionine by extracts of spinach, requiring o-acetylhomoserine or o-succinylhomoserine.		1966	5339715
choline kinase and phosphorylcholine phosphatase in plants.	choline kinase was present in barley and wheat roots and leaves of barley, wheat, tobacco, spinach and squash plants. the kinase was purified 25-fold from spinach leaves. the enzyme had a broad ph optimum between 7.5 and 10.0. mg(++) was required for activity and in the presence of mg(++) the enzyme was relatively stable. maximum enzyme activity was obtained when the mg(++): atp ratio was 1:1. the k(m) was 1 x 10(-4)m. the kinase from leaves was similar to that from rapeseed or from yeast, excep ...	1966	5908634
effect of cycocel derivatives and gibberellin on choline kinase and choline metabolism.	cycocel stimulated the activity of partial purified choline kinase from spinach or squash leaves, but it inhibited the activity of yeast choline kinase. the activity of different cycocel analogs on plant growth corresponded to their stimulatory effect on the isolated choline kinase. cycocel had no effect upon the activity of a plant phosphatase which hydrolyzed phosphorylcholine nor upon adenosine triphosphatase from wheat roots or leaves. gibberellin a(3) inhibited choline kinase activity and r ...	1966	5908635
comment on a recent model of the iron complex in spinach ferredoxin.		1966	5970521
the purification and properties of nitrite reductase from higher plants, and its dependence on ferredoxin.	1. nadph-dependent nitrite reductase from the leaves of higher plants was purified at least 70-fold and separated into two enzyme fractions. the first enzyme, a diaphorase with ferredoxin-nadp-reductase activity, is required only to transfer electrons from nadph to a suitable electron acceptor, which then donates electrons to nitrite reductase proper. 2. purified nitrite reductase accepted electrons from ferredoxin (the natural donor) or from reduced dyes. ferredoxin was reduced by illuminated c ...	1966	4381617
photoinhibition of chloroplast reactions. i. kinetics and action spectra.	a study was made of photoinhibition of spinach chloroplast reactions. the kinetics and spectral characteristics of the photoinhibition over a range between 230 and 700 mmu have been examined. the decline of activity due to preillumination was independent of wavelength, and dependent upon the number of quanta applied, not upon the rate of application. the effectiveness spectra of photoinhibition indicate that active ultraviolet light is absorbed by a pigment which is not a normal light absorber f ...	1966	16656345
effect of salts and electron transport on the conformation of isolated chloroplasts. i. light-scattering and volume changes.	whole chloroplasts isolated from the leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) exhibit 2 types of conformational change during electron transport. amine-uncoupled chloroplasts swell and atebrin-uncoupled chloroplasts shrink. chloroplasts uncoupled by carbonylcyanide phenylhydrazones and by treatment with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid do not change their volumes or light-scattering properties during electron transport. phosphorylating chloroplasts shrink only slightly.the rate and extent of the ...	1966	16656285
[nitrate content of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) in relation to methemoglobinemia in infants].		1965	5826819
[on lecithin, colaminecephalin and diglyceridephosphoric acid glycerol ester (phosphatidylglycerol) from green leaves of spinacia oleracea].		1965	5885527
the biosynthesis of starch in spinach chloroplasts.		1965	14275162
reduction of trimethylene dipyridyl with illuminated chloroplasts.	chloroplasts photochemically reduce 1,1'-trimethylene-2,2'-dipyridylium dibromide and concurrently form adenosine triphosphate. reduced trimethylene dipyridyl in darkness will reduce spinach ferredoxin, clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and other viologen-type dyes.	1965	17737790
the isolation and partial characterization of fraction i protein from spinach-beet chloroplasts.		1965	5867783
[about the reason of enrichment of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) with nitrate and nitrite in relation to methemogloginemia in rats].		1965	5843815
quinone and pigment composition of chloroplasts and quantasome aggregates from spinacia oleracea.		1964	14114526
light-dependent conversions of endogenous alpha-tocopherylquinone and plastoquinone-d in spinacia oleracea chloroplasts.		1964	16655875
purification and properties of a dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase from spinacia oleracea.		1963	13933868
sex chromosome translocations in spinacia oleracea.		1963	17248152
chemical composition and the substructure of lamellae isolated from spinacea oleracea chloroplasts.		1963	13941467
cytogenetic analysis of sex determination in spinacia oleracea.		1962	17248129
epr in chromatophores from rhodospirillum rubrum and in quantasomes from spinach chloroplasts.		1962	16590952
correlation of structure with function in spinacea oleracea chloroplasts.		1961	13732832
purification and properties of a stereospecific dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase from spinacia oleracea.		1960	13797459
[action of an acetone powder of spinach leaves on hepatic steatosis and on body weight development in the rat].		1960	13825972
purification and properties of a c-1 diphosphatase from spinacia oleracea.		1959	13650635
[determination of histamine, n-dimethylhistamine, n-acetylhistamine and acetylcholine in spinacia oleracea].		1959	13628473
the nucleic acid content of chloroplasts isolated from spinach and tobacco leaves.		1957	13471039
[yellow spotting of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.); research on central german viral strains].		1955	14388677
lecithinase systems in sugar beet, spinach, cabbage, and carrot.		1954	13190466
the proteins of green leaves. v. a cytoplasmic nucleoprotein from spinach and tobacco leaves.		1953	13129275
folate biofortification in hydroponically cultivated spinach by the addition of phenylalanine.	folate is an important vitamin mainly ingested from vegetables, and folate deficiency causes various health problems. recently, several studies demonstrated folate biofortification in plants or food crops by metabolic engineering through genetic modifications. however, the production and sales of genetically modified foods are under strict regulation. here, we developed a new approach to achieve folate biofortification in spinach (spinacia oleracea) without genetic modification. we hydroponicall ...	0	28548831
influence of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead accumulation in soil and vegetables: implications for health risk assessment and phytoremediation.	the current study evaluated the effect of groundwater and wastewater irrigation on lead (pb) accumulation in soil and vegetables, and its associated health implications. a pot experiment was conducted in which spinach (spinacia oleracea), radish (raphanus sativus) and cauliflower (brassica oleracea) were irrigated with groundwater and wastewaters containing varying concentrations of pb. lead contents were measured in wastewaters, soils and root and shoot of vegetables. we also measured health ri ...	0	28463566
appetite suppressing effect of spinacia oleracea in rats: involvement of the short term satiety signal cholecystokinin.	spinacia oleracea (spinach) is a green leafy vegetable rich in antioxidant phyto-constituents such as flavonoids, polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamins. fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids are known to prevent weight gain by inducing satiety. the present study evaluates the appetite suppressing effect of a flavonoid rich extract of the spinach leaf (soe) in rats. hptlc of soe was performed for detecting flavonoids. rats were administered soe (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, p. o) and fluoxetine (6 ...	0	28238891
functional properties of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) phytochemicals and bioactives.	overwhelming evidence indicates that diets rich in fruits and vegetables are protective against common chronic diseases, such as cancer, obesity and cardiovascular disease. leafy green vegetables, in particular, are recognized as having substantial health-promoting activities that are attributed to the functional properties of their nutrients and non-essential chemical compounds. spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) is widely regarded as a functional food due to its diverse nutritional composition, wh ...	0	27353735
biochar enhances the cadmium tolerance in spinach (spinacia oleracea) through modification of cd uptake and physiological and biochemical attributes.	cadmium (cd) has no known role in plant biology and is toxic to plants and animals. the cd mainly accumulated in agricultural soils through anthropogenic activities, such as sewage water irrigation and phosphorus fertilization. biochar (bc) has been proposed as an amendment to reduce metal toxicity in plants. the objective of this study was to evaluate the role of bc (cotton stick at a rate of 0, 3, and 5 %) on cd uptake and the photosynthetic, physiological, and biochemical responses of spinach ...	0	27502564
assessment of different washing treatments to mitigate imidacloprid and acetamaprid residues in spinach.	agricultural crops treated with pesticides retain toxic residues that can cause various health disorders upon consumption. the present research project was designed to assess pesticide residues in contaminated spinach (spinacia oleracea). the efficiency of chemical solutions (acetic acid, citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chloride and sodium carbonate) of different concentrations (% w/v) along with tap water for the dissolution of pesticide residues in spinach was studied. after various dip ...	0	26678536
assessment of fertilizer potential of the struvite produced from the treatment of methanogenic landfill leachate using low-cost reagents.	leachates generated in methanogenic landfills contain high strength of ammonium nitrogen which removal is hard to be accomplished by means of conventional techniques. the chemical precipitation of struvite, which is a mineral that could be reused as a slow-release fertilizer, is an effective process in the removal and recovery of nh4 amount of high-concentrated wastewaters. in this paper, a struvite precipitation process using unconventional reagents is proposed for a sustainable recovery of nit ...	0	26604197
ammonium reduces oxalate accumulation in different spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) genotypes by inhibiting root uptake of nitrate.	excessive accumulation of oxalate negatively affects nutritional value of many vegetables, such as spinach (spinacia oleracea l.). mixed solution of ammonium and nitrate could effectively reduce oxalate accumulation, while the mechanism involved remains unknown. high (heizhenzhu) and low (weilv) oxalate-accumulated spinach genotypes were used in this study to investigate the association of oxalate accumulation and root uptake of nitrogen. exposure of increasing nitrate or mixed-nitrogen (nitrate ...	0	25976827