Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| activity of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin against typical community-acquired respiratory pathogens. | community-acquired respiratory tract infections (rtis) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the developed world. they cause considerable morbidity, resulting in a major impact on public health both clinically and socioeconomically. the bacterial pathogens most commonly associated with community-acquired rtis are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, with streptococcus pyogenes predominating in pharyngitis. over the past years, each of these pa ... | 2001 | 11566974 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for detection of streptococcus pneumoniae antigen in urine samples from adults with community-acquired pneumonia. | streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia but is undoubtedly underdiagnosed. isolation of s. pneumoniae from blood is specific but lacks sensitivity, while isolation of s. pneumoniae from sputum may represent colonization. we evaluated a new immunochromatographic test (now s. pneumoniae urinary antigen test; binax, portland, maine) that is simple to perform and that can detect s. pneumoniae antigen in urine within 15 min. urine samples from 420 adults with ... | 2001 | 11574562 |
| diagnostic yield of a pcr assay in focal complications of brucellosis. | in order to evaluate the diagnostic yield of a pcr assay for patients with focal complications of brucellosis, we studied by pcr and by conventional microbiological techniques 34 nonblood samples from 32 patients with different focal forms of brucellosis. the samples from patients with brucellosis were paired to an equal number of control samples from the same locations of patients whose illnesses had different etiologies. thirty-three of the 34 nonblood samples (97%) from the brucellosis patien ... | 2001 | 11574607 |
| antibacterial compounds of licorice against upper airway respiratory tract pathogens. | the antibacterial activity of compounds obtained from licorice was measured against upper airway respiratory tract bacteria such as streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. among the tested compounds, licoricidin exhibited the highest activity against all tested microorganisms with an mic of 12.5 microg/ml. three coumarin derivatives, glycyrol, glycyrin and glycycoumarin also showed antibacterial activity. | 2001 | 11575586 |
| negative pressure tympanograms in children less than 2 years of age--different bacterial findings in otitis media by tympanometric results. | the interpretation of negative pressure tympanograms as indicators of the presence of middle ear fluid has been ambiguous. our purpose was to assess the occurrence and implications of negative pressure tympanograms and to study their association with bacterial pathogens in otitis media. | 2001 | 11576632 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of gar-936 tested against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive blood stream infection isolates and strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | gar-936, a new, semisynthetic glycylcycline, has shown good antibacterial activity against a wide range of clinically important gram-positive and -negative aerobic bacteria including streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, most enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus spp. the purpose of this study was to determine the activity of gar-936 against a range of gram-positive and -negative bloodstream isolates including many str ... | 2001 | 11576790 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates in argentina. | the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against 1,000 clinical isolates of 147 streptococcus pneumoniae (115, penicilin susceptible; 26, intermediate penicillin-resistant and 6, penicillin-resistant), 127 hemophilus influenzae (109, beta lactamasa non-producer; 18, beta lactamase producers), 95 streptococcus pyogenes (6, azytromycin-resistant), 84 moraxella catarrhalis (79, beta lactamase producers), 110 staphilococcus aureus (89, methicillin-susceptible; 21, methicilin-resistant), 98 eenterococcu ... | 2001 | 11576792 |
| rationale for treating community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with amoxicillin/sulbactam combination through pharmacodynamic analysis in the setting of aminopenicillin-resistant organisms. | in order to establish a rationale for treating community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, we assess here the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin/sulbactam, 500mg/500mg, a formulation marketed in argentina since 1988 and currently available in 17 countries, against the major pathogens, in comparison with that of a novel formulation (875mg/125mg, see j chemother 2000; 12: 223-227). in time-kill studies, both bactericidal and inhibitory activity were seen in the 1.5- and 6-h sera, obtained ... | 2001 | 11589483 |
| [utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients]. | the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ... | 2001 | 11594009 |
| rigid nasal endoscopy versus sinus puncture and aspiration for microbiologic documentation of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis. | sinus puncture and aspiration is an invasive procedure that hinders patient enrollment in studies of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis (abms). pain and minor bleeding also limit its potential diagnostic utility in clinical practice. cultures obtained by rigid nasal endoscopy were compared with those from sinus puncture and aspiration in 53 patients with abms; 46 patients were assessable. considering recovery of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, or streptococcus pneumoniae from pun ... | 2001 | 11595989 |
| high incidence of erythromycin resistance among clinical isolates of streptococcus agalactiae in taiwan. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 266 isolates of streptococcus agalactiae determined by the agar dilution method showed that 6% of isolates were nonsusceptible to penicillin and 46% was resistant to erythromycin. of the erythromycin-resistant isolates, 86.3% had the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) resistance phenotype (constitutive mls, 85.5%; inducible mls, 0.8%) and 13.7% had the m phenotype. | 2001 | 11600380 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,730 haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract isolates in spain in 1998-1999. | a beta-lactamase prevalence of 23% was found among 1,730 haemophilus influenzae isolates. ampicillin susceptibility was 70%, and 12% of beta-lactamase-negative strains presented diminished susceptibility to ampicillin (blnar phenotype). susceptibility of 90% was found for cefaclor and clarithromycin, whereas it was nearly 100% for cefotaxime, cefixime, azithromycin, and cefuroxime. ciprofloxacin-resistant (0.1%) and beta-lactamase-positive amoxicillin/clavulanate-resistant (blpacr) phenotypes (0 ... | 2001 | 11600386 |
| in vivo efficacy of telithromycin (hmr3647) against streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae. | the in vivo activity of telithromycin against erythromycin a- and penicillin g-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae was superior to that of azithromycin, clarithromycin, cefdinir, and levofloxacin. in respiratory tract infections caused by erythromycin a-susceptible s. pneumoniae or haemophilus influenzae in mice, telithromycin was more effective than clarithromycin and comparable to azithromycin. | 2001 | 11600393 |
| pathogens in the middle ear effusion of children with persistent otitis media: implications of drug resistance and complications. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most common disease for which pediatricians prescribe antimicrobial agents. middle ear fluid were collected from 243 children with aom that failed to respond to a previous course of antimicrobial therapy and who had then received myringotomy from september 1997 through august 1999. bacterial cultures were done and antimicrobial susceptibilities were analyzed. streptococcus pneumoniae (21.8%) was the most common causative organism, followed by haemophilus influenza ... | 2001 | 11605810 |
| cd45ra and cd45ro isoforms in infected malnourished and infected well-nourished children. | the aim of this study was to determine if the distribution in vivo of cd4(+)cd45ra(+)/cd45ro(-) (naive), cd4(+)cd45ra(+)/cd45ro(+) (ddull) and cd4(+)cd45ro(+) (memory) lymphocytes differs in malnourished infected and well-nourished infected children. the expression of cd45ra (naive) and cd45ro (memory) antigens on cd4(+) lymphocytes was analysed by flow cytometry in a prospectively followed cohort of 15 malnourished infected, 12 well-nourished infected and 10 well-nourished uninfected children. ... | 2001 | 11737063 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of af 3013, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin, against nosocomial and community italian isolates. | af 3013, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin, was tested to determine its inhibitory and bactericidal activities against 396 nosocomial and 258 community italian isolates. compared with that of ciprofloxacin, its activity (assessed in mic and minimal bactericidal concentration tests) was generally similar or greater against gram-positive bacteria and greater against gram-negative bacteria. in time-kill assays using selected isolates, its bactericidal activity was comparable to that of ciprofl ... | 2001 | 11709353 |
| pharmacokinetics of cefepime during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. | the pharmacokinetics of cefepime were studied in 12 adult patients in intensive care units during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (cvvh) or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (cvvhdf) with a multiflow60 an69hf 0.60-m(2) polyacrylonitrile hollow-fiber membrane (hospal industrie, meyzieu, france). patients (mean age, 52.0 +/- 13.0 years [standard deviation]; mean weight, 96.7 +/- 18.4 kg) received 1 or 2 g of cefepime every 12 or 24 h (total daily doses of 1 to 4 g/day) by intravenous in ... | 2001 | 11600370 |
| cytolytic complement activity in otitis media with effusion. | otitis media with effusion (ome) is a chronic inflammation persisting in the middle ear cavity of at least 8 weeks duration. middle ear effusion (mee; n = 38), samples from children suffering from ome were investigated for their direct cytolytic activity or an ability to enhance complement lysis of unsensitized bystander cells. thirteen of the 38 mees had direct endogenous haemolytic activity and 27 samples had an ability to enhance serum-initiated lysis. using an enzyme immunoassay, high levels ... | 2001 | 11472396 |
| invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to arthrographis kalrae in a patient with aids. | we report the first described case of arthrographis kalrae pansinusitis and meningitis in a patient with aids. the patient was initially diagnosed with arthrographis kalrae pansinusitis by endoscopic biopsy and culture. the patient was treated with itraconazole for approximately 5 months and then died secondary to pneumocytis carinii pneumonia. postmortem examination revealed invasive fungal sinusitis that involved the sphenoid sinus and that extended through the cribiform plate into the inferio ... | 2001 | 11158158 |
| multiple-dose pharmacokinetics and tolerability of gemifloxacin administered orally to healthy volunteers. | gemifloxacin mesylate (sb-265805-s, lb-20304a) is a potent, novel fluoroquinolone agent with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of oral gemifloxacin were characterized in two parallel group studies in healthy male volunteers after doses of 160, 320, 480, and 640 mg once daily for 7 days. multiple serum or plasma and urine samples were collected on days 1 and 7 and were analyzed for gemifloxacin by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-fluore ... | 2001 | 11158752 |
| pharmacokinetics of the new ketolide telithromycin (hmr 3647) administered in ascending single and multiple doses. | telithromycin (hmr 3647) is a novel ketolide antimicrobial with good activity against both common and atypical respiratory pathogens, including many resistant strains. this randomized, three-period crossover study determined the dose proportionality of telithromycin pharmacokinetics after single and multiple dosing in healthy subjects. in each treatment period, subjects received a single oral dose of 400, 800 or 1,600 mg of telithromycin followed 4 days later by the same dose once daily for 7 da ... | 2001 | 11120961 |
| virulence functions of autotransporter proteins. | 2001 | 11179284 | |
| in vitro activities of ertapenem (mk-0826) against clinical bacterial isolates from 11 north american medical centers. | this study compared the in vitro activities of the new long-half-life carbapenem ertapenem (also known as mk-0826 and l-749,345) with those of imipenem, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ciprofloxacin against 5,558 recent clinical isolates from 11 north american medical centers. we confirmed the greater activity of ertapenem than of imipenem against the enterobacteriaceae and the greater activity of imipenem against pseudomonads and gram-positive bacteria. | 2001 | 11353653 |
| explosive pleuritis. | the objective of the present paper is to describe the clinical and computed tomography features of 'explosive pleuritis', an entity first named by braman and donat in 1986, and to propose a case definition. a case report of a previously healthy, 45-year-old man admitted to hospital with acute onset pleuritic chest pain is presented. the patient arrived at the emergency room at 15:00 in mild respiratory distress; the initial chest x-ray revealed a small right lower lobe effusion. the subsequent c ... | 2001 | 18159325 |
| macrolides: a canadian infectious disease society position paper. | since the introduction of erythromycin in 1965, no new compounds from the macrolide antimicrobial class were licensed in canada until the 1990s. clarithromycin and azithromycin, since their introduction, have become important agents for treating a number of common and uncommon infectious diseases. they have become prime agents in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, and have revolutionized the management of both genital chlamydial infections, by the use of single-dose therapy with azit ... | 2001 | 18159344 |
| a critical review of oxazolidinones: an alternative or replacement for glycopeptides and streptogramins? | to review the available data on the oxazolidinones linezolid and eperezolid. | 2001 | 18159365 |
| acute infectious conjunctivitis in childhood. | to review the etiology, clinical features and management of acute infectious conjunctivitis in children after the newborn period. | 2001 | 20084257 |
| macrolide resistance conferred by base substitutions in 23s rrna. | 2001 | 11120937 | |
| nasopharyngeal carriage and antibacterial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in estonian children. | 2000 | 11284928 | |
| [pneumonia and influenza]. | pneumonia is more frequent in the elderly and results in higher mortality. primary viral pneumonia is not so common but important in severe cases. chest x-ray shows grand-glass appearance or linear shadow in pure viral pneumonia cases. that is sometimes specific and clearly different from consolidation or infiltration with bacterial pneumonia. we can try to decrease pneumonia and influenza mortality, if we prevent influenza infections by vaccination and treat by anti-influenza drugs. secondary b ... | 2000 | 11225313 |
| mastoiditis: a disease often overlooked by pediatricians. | although mastoiditis can be a life threatening disease, clinicians often overlook it because it is uncommon. we reviewed the presentation and management of all children younger than 15 years of age with the discharge diagnosis of mastoiditis in our hospital from january 1994 through december 1999. nineteen patients that fulfilled the case definition were included. the most common clinical presentation in this series was fever. more specific findings, such as otorrhea, postauricular pain, swellin ... | 2000 | 11269368 |
| macrolide and fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) resistances among streptococcus pneumoniae strains: significant trends from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (north america, 1997-1999). | 2000 | 11185065 | |
| [nasopharyngeal bacterial flora and secretory otitis in adults]. | the aa. have realized a prospective study of the links between the bacterial flora of the nasopharynx and the secretory otitis media in grown-up people. for achieving this purpose nasopharyngeal smears of rhinopharyngeal samples belonging to 85 otitic patients and other 85 healthy adults were cultivated. statistical analysis showed that the otitis cases presented with 63.6% of microorganisms potentially pathogenic, being the 17.6% the percentage among healthy individuals (p < 0.001). microorgani ... | 2000 | 11200552 |
| antibiotic-sensitivity of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical materials in 1997-1998. | moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) may normally be found in the upper respiratory tract. this bacterium, however, may cause infections such as acute otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis chronica, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicaemia and meningitis. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and m. catarrhalis were the main causative agents responsible for respiratory tract infections. the major resistance problems associated with these species are those which cause resis ... | 2000 | 11208326 |
| vaccines for moraxella catarrhalis. | vaccine development for moraxella catarrhalis is in the antigen identification stage. m. catarrhalis does not appear to synthesize secreted antigens such as exotoxins, nor does it appear to possess a carbohydrate capsule. modified forms of these antigens are usually good vaccine components. there is some interest in whole bacterial cells and membrane fractions, but the search has largely focused on purified outer surface antigens. all of the present antigens have been selected based on the respo ... | 2000 | 11163472 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected from five centers in brazil, 1997-98. | to assess the susceptibility of the key respiratory pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to antimicrobial agents used to treat respiratory tract infections. | 2000 | 11168105 |
| resistance patterns of lower respiratory tract pathogens in europe. | resistance to antimicrobial drugs in the major respiratory tract pathogens is known to vary profoundly depending on geographic location. in europe high rates (>44%) of penicillin-resistance in pneumococci have been recorded in france and spain, while countries like the netherlands, the czech republic, austria and italy are only marginally affected. similarly, the incidence of macrolide resistance differs widely among european nations with figures ranging from 45.9% (france) to 1.5% (the netherla ... | 2000 | 11137405 |
| five-day twice daily cefdinir therapy for acute otitis media: microbiologic and clinical efficacy. | to examine the microbiologic and clinical efficacy of a 5-day course of cefdinir in the treatment of tympanocentesis-documented acute otitis media (aom). | 2000 | 11144397 |
| cefdinir: an expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin. | to review the antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and tolerability of cefdinir, an expanded-spectrum oral cephalosporin. | 2000 | 11144705 |
| a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone changes nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in children with acute otitis media. | the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria is attributed to the extensive use of antibiotics, which causes selective pressure on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora. shortened courses of antibiotics have been proposed to decrease the development of resistant strains. we determined the effect of a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg) on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in 167 children (median age 13 mo) with acute otitis media. nasopharyngeal samples for bacterial cultur ... | 2000 | 11106042 |
| airway inflammation and etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the etiologic role of bacterial pathogens isolated from sputum culture in 40 to 50% of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) is controversial. if bacterial pathogens cause these aecb, they should be associated with greater neutrophilic airway inflammation than pathogen-negative exacerbations. | 2000 | 11115440 |
| genetic diversity among strains of moraxella catarrhalis cultured from the nasopharynx of young and healthy brazilian, angolan and dutch children. | the present study describes the carriage patterns and genetic variability of moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from children living in different countries. moraxella catarrhalis is genetically heterogeneous, but little is known about its geographic distribution and phenotypic and genetic diversity in warm-climate countries. a collection of 99 isolates from 30 brazilian, 19 angolan and 50 dutch healthy children, all less than 5 years of age, was investigated for phenotypic and genotypic rela ... | 2000 | 11117640 |
| susceptibility of bacterial isolates to gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin from clinical trials 1997-1998. | mics of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 3482 pre-treatment, clinical trial isolates collected during 1997-1998 are reported. these data suggested that gatifloxacin was four- to eight-fold more active than ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria, with gatifloxacin mic(90)s < or = 0.33 mg/l against staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pneumoniae, and < or = 1.0 mg/l versus viridans streptococci and enterococcus faecalis. both quinolones had similar mic(90)s versus enterobacteriaceae ... | 2000 | 11118848 |
| bacterial agents of lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis), beta-lactamase production, and resistance to antibiotics in elderly people. dedalo study group. | this study determined the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly and assessed whether the growth of beta-lactamase producing bacteria is particularly favoured in these patients. between december 1998 and may 1999, 187 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap), and 887 patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) were enrolled. the mean age was 74 years (range of 65-94 year). sputum and bronchial aspirate for microbiological inv ... | 2000 | 11118860 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis dry extract. | in this study the antibacterial and antifungal properties of propolis, a natural product of bees, have been investigated against different pathogens. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined according to nccls standards on 320 strains including staphylococcus aureus, group a beta-hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, ... | 2000 | 11128558 |
| moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia during hiv disease. | to assess the role of moraxella catarrhalis complications in the setting of hiv disease, and to evaluate their occurrence and outcome according to several epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters, the clinical records of 2123 consecutive hiv-infected patients hospitalized in a 9-year period were retrospectively reviewed, and 4 cases of community-acquired m. catarrhalis pneumonia were identified. three adult patients had a diagnosis of aids and severe concurrent immunodeficiency (with ... | 2000 | 11128560 |
| resistance in respiratory tract pathogens: an international study 1997-1998. | multiple antibiotic resistance threatens current treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (cap). this paper presents a summary of resistance data for streptococcus pneumoniae (6,223 isolates), haemophilus influenzae (4,016) and moraxella catarrhalis (1,263) collected from 153 centers throughout japan, china, uk, germany, spain, france, italy, brazil and usa. antiobiotics tested were: beta-lactams (penicillin, ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone), macrolides (azithromycin and ... | 2000 | 11131955 |
| polyp and fibrous adhesion formation in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. | among a variety of other histopathologic changes, polyps and fibrous adhesions are readily formed in the middle ear mucosa during experimental acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. quantitative studies on experimental aom caused by other bacteria have shown that some of these histopathologic changes, such as adaptive bone modeling and increase in goblet cell density, differ according to the type of bacteria. this investigation surveys polyp and fibrous adhesion formation i ... | 2000 | 11132712 |
| adaptive bone modeling and remodeling in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. | experimental studies have shown that acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pneumoniae alters modeling dynamics in bone tissue structures surrounding the middle ear cavity. initial resorption of bone is followed by formative activity, seen as massive osteoneogenesis. however, neither resorptive nor formative activity occurs in the otic capsule, supporting the existence of a perilymphatic zone of specialized bone. this study investigates adaptive bone modeling in acute otitis media caused by ... | 2000 | 11132713 |
| intimate adhesion of neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial cells is under the control of the crga gene, a novel lysr-type transcriptional regulator. | pilc1, a pilus-associated protein in neisseria menin- gitidis, is a key element in initial meningococcal adhesion to target cells. a promoter element (cren, contact regulatory element of neisseria) is responsible for the transient induction of this gene upon cell contact. crga (contact-regulated gene a) encodes a transcriptional regulator whose expression is also induced upon cell contact from a promoter region similar to the cren of pilc1. crga shows significant sequence homologies to lysr-type ... | 2000 | 10698947 |
| bactericidal activity of a monocytic cell line (thp-1) against common respiratory tract bacterial pathogens is depressed after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | non-typable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are commonly isolated from patients during the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). earlier studies found that virus infection enhanced binding of bacterial respiratory pathogens to epithelial cells in vitro. the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of rsv infection of a human monocytic cell line on bactericidal activity and cytokine prod ... | 2000 | 10707942 |
| substituent effects on the antibacterial activity of nitrogen-carbon-linked (azolylphenyl)oxazolidinones with expanded activity against the fastidious gram-negative organisms haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | a series of new nitrogen-carbon-linked (azolylphenyl)oxazolidinone antibacterial agents has been prepared in an effort to expand the spectrum of activity of this class of antibiotics to include gram-negative organisms. pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole moieties have been used to replace the morpholine ring of linezolid (2). these changes resulted in the preparation of compounds with good activity against the fastidious gram-negative organisms haemophilus influenzae and moraxe ... | 2000 | 10715160 |
| respiratory pathogens: assessing resistance patterns in europe and the potential role of grepafloxacin as treatment of patients with infections caused by these organisms. | although most respiratory tract infections (rti) are caused by viruses, various bacteria, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, are common causes of community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, otitis media and sinusitis. empirical antibiotic therapy of patients with rti must take account of the increasing prevalence of resistance among the predominant pathogens. europe-wide susceptibility surveillance studies have re ... | 2000 | 10719006 |
| comparison of the abilities of grepafloxacin and clarithromycin to eradicate potential bacterial pathogens from the sputa of patients with chronic bronchitis: influence of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variables. | a randomized open-label study was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of grepafloxacin with those of clarithromycin in patients with chronic bronchitis whose sputa were colonized with potential bacterial pathogens. patients received oral grepafloxacin 400 mg od for 10 days (n = 15) or oral clarithromycin 500 mg bd for 10 days (n = 10). sputum samples were collected before the first dose, 1, 4 and 8 h after a dose on day 1 and then before a dose on days 2, 3, 5, 7 and 1 ... | 2000 | 10719007 |
| epitope mapping of the outer membrane protein p5-homologous fimbrin adhesin of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | to identify potential immunodominant and/or adhesin binding domains of the outer membrane protein p5-homologous fimbrin adhesin of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi), three sets of synthetic peptides were synthesized and assayed in an adherence inhibition assay, by western blotting, and in a biomolecular interaction analysis (bia) system. the first series of 34 8- to 10-mer peptides represented the entire mature protein sequentially. the second set of four peptides (each 19 to 28 residues ... | 2000 | 10722609 |
| four different genes responsible for nonimmune immunoglobulin-binding activities within a single strain of escherichia coli. | certain escherichia coli strains bind the fc fragment of immunoglobulin g (igg) at the bacterial cell surface. previous work established that this nonimmune ig binding depends on several large proteins with apparent molecular masses that can exceed 200 kda. for e. coli strain ecor-9, four distinct genes (designated eiba, eibc, eibd, and eibe) are responsible for ig binding. two eib genes are linked to eaa genes, which are homologous to genes for the autotransporter family of secreted proteins. w ... | 2000 | 10722621 |
| moxifloxacin, a new antibiotic designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections: a review of microbiologic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics. | moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039) is a new 8-methoxy-fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of organisms (mic90) is less than 0.25 mg/l for commonly isolated community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens including penicillin-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus sp, and moraxella catarrhalis, and less than 1.0 mg/l for atypical pathogens such as mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila. to date, emerge ... | 2000 | 10730681 |
| bacteria-mucin interaction in the upper aerodigestive tract shows striking heterogeneity: implications in otitis media, rhinosinusitis, and pneumonia. | the mucociliary system of the upper and lower respiratory tracts is a critical nonspecific pathway for the elimination of bacteria and other particulate matter. the interaction between bacteria and purified mucin of the upper and lower respiratory tracts has been a major focus of our laboratory for the past decade. we have previously demonstrated that nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis adhere to human purified nasopharyngeal mucin and human middle ear mucin by a very lim ... | 2000 | 10740170 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of the new glycylcycline, gar-936 tested against 1,203 recent clinical bacterial isolates. | the in vitro activity of gar-936, a new semisynthetic glycylcycline, was evaluated in comparison with two tetracyclines and several other antimicrobial agents. a total of 1,203 recent clinical isolates were tested by reference broth or agar dilution methods. among the members of the family enterobacteriaceae, gar-936 was generally two- to four-fold more active than minocycline, and two- to 16-fold more active than tetracycline. all enteric bacilli mic90 results were < or = 4 microg/ml; the excep ... | 2000 | 10744364 |
| resistant bacteria in middle ear fluid at the time of tympanotomy tube surgery. | this study was performed to determine the prevalence of resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from middle ear fluid of children undergoing placement of ventilation tubes. the extent of resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics and the risk factors associated with this resistance were also examined. children who had fluid present in their middle ears at the time of ventilation tube placement from may 1996 to may 1997 were included in th ... | 2000 | 10651407 |
| resistance surveillance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated in asia and europe, 1997-1998. | a multicentre, collaborative study was performed in asia and europe during the winter of 1997-1998 to determine the in vitro activity of selected antimicrobial agents against common respiratory pathogens. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolates were collected from 48 sites in china, france, germany, italy, japan, spain and the uk and tested in a central laboratory in the usa. broth microdilution mics were determined for beta-lactams (penicillin, amoxyc ... | 2000 | 10747822 |
| [pharmacodynamic basis for the use of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in respiratory infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae: in vitro studies in an experimental model]. | amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is a first choice treatment for respiratory tract infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. in a previous study we observed its high efficacy against penicillin-susceptible and intermediate-resistant strains of s. pneumoniae. we aimed to study the efficacy of this antibiotic against three strains of s. pneumoniae (susceptible, intermediate and resistant to penicillin) in a mouse model of pneumonia, and to determin ... | 2000 | 11086282 |
| epidemiological survey of bacterial resistance in upper respiratory tract infections in italy. | the vast majority of infections in the upper airways are caused by four bacterial species;, in italy as elsewhere, antibiotics resistant strains are emerging. enzymatic resistance to beta-lactams in haemophilus influenzae is becoming more important and affects 15% of isolates. on the other hand less than 0.3% of h. influenzae strains are fluoroquinolone-resistant. the number of beta-lactamase-producing moraxella catarrhalis strains in italy has been thought to be lower than in other countries, b ... | 2000 | 11091045 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of nasopharyngeal flora in children attending a day care center. | to investigate how bacterial pathogens spread from child to child in a day care center, we monitored six children, two boys and four girls, born between august 1995 and november 1997, attending a day care center and analyzed nasopharyngeal samples from them using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we obtained nasopharyngeal cultures from all of the affected children and almost all of the unaffected children between september 1998 and march 1999 after some children presented simultaneously ... | 2000 | 10655357 |
| problems related to determination of mics of oximino-type expanded-spectrum cephems for proteus vulgaris. | during in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of proteus vulgaris, we noted that the mics of several expanded-spectrum cephems were much higher in the broth microdilution method than in the agar dilution method (termed the mic gap phenomenon). here we investigated the mechanism of the mic gap phenomenon. cephems with the mic gap phenomenon were of the oximino type, such as cefotaxime, cefteram, and cefpodoxime, which serve as good substrates for inducible class a beta-lactamase (cu ... | 2000 | 10655366 |
| long-term trends in susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis: a population analysis. | a retrospective, population analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was performed on moraxella catarrhalis isolates recovered from a single medical centre to detect temporal trends and infer potential mechanisms of reduced susceptibility. the duration of this study, june 1984 to july 1994, encompassed the period during which the frequency of beta-lactamase production expanded from 30 to 96% in the population. mics of penicillin g, cefamandole, ceftriaxone, amoxycillin/clavulanate, imip ... | 2000 | 10660499 |
| the alexander project 1996-1997: latest susceptibility data from this international study of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | the alexander project was established in 1992 to examine antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract. testing of a range of compounds was undertaken in a central laboratory. from 1992 to 1995, isolates were collected from geographically separated areas in countries in the european union and various states in the usa. in 1996, the study was extended to include centres in mexico, brazil, saudi arabia, south africa, hong kon ... | 2000 | 10660501 |
| antimicrobial effects of lidocaine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | the antimicrobial activity of lidocaine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal(f)) was investigated. clinical respiratory isolates were added to bal(f) suspensions containing lidocaine and to normal saline. the growth of two of four isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly reduced in the presence of lidocaine-bal(f) compared with controls in saline. growth of moraxella catarrhalis isolates was reduced in normal saline when compared with bal(f) containing lidocaine. there was no effec ... | 2000 | 10660504 |
| topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children. | patients requiring long-term ventilation are at high risk of lower airway infections, generally of endogenous development. patients on long-term ventilation, in particular via a tracheostomy, may develop tracheobronchitis or pneumonia of exogenous pathogenesis, ie, caused by microorganisms not carried in the oropharynx. the frequency of exogenous colonization or infection has previously been reported to be as high as 33%. a prospective observational cohort study of 2 years was undertaken to eval ... | 2000 | 10669698 |
| the uspa1 protein and a second type of uspa2 protein mediate adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to human epithelial cells in vitro. | the uspa1 and uspa2 proteins of moraxella catarrhalis are structurally related, are exposed on the bacterial cell surface, and migrate as very high-molecular-weight complexes in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. previous analysis of uspa1 and uspa2 mutants of m. catarrhalis strain 035e indicated that uspa1 was involved in adherence of this organism to chang conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro and that expression of uspa2 was essential for resistance of this strain to ... | 2000 | 10671460 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae iron transport: a set of exbbd genes is transcriptionally linked to the tbpb gene and required for utilization of transferrin-bound iron. | upon iron restriction, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been shown to express the transferrin-binding proteins tbpb and tbpa, both of which have been implied to be important virulence factors. in order to identify additional iron-regulated proteins, we cloned and analyzed the region upstream of the transferrin-binding protein genes in an a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 strain. we located immediately upstream of the tbpb gene two open reading frames which were 43% homologous to the neisserial e ... | 2000 | 10678921 |
| immune responses to specific antigens of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in the respiratory tract. | streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis are two common respiratory pathogens, colonizing as many as 54 and 72% of children, respectively, by 1 year of age. the immune responses to surface protein a of s. pneumoniae (pspa) and the high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein of m. catarrhalis (uspa) in the sera of various age groups in the general population and in the nasopharynges of 30 children monitored from birth through 1 year of age were evaluated. immunoglobulin g (igg) was the ... | 2000 | 10678976 |
| serum resistance in haemophilus ducreyi requires outer membrane protein dsra. | haemophilus ducreyi is resistant to killing by normal serum antibody and complement. we discovered an h. ducreyi outer membrane protein required for expression of serum resistance and termed it dsra (for "ducreyi serum resistance a"). the dsra locus was cloned, sequenced, and mutagenized. an isogenic mutant (fx517) of parent strain 35000 was constructed and characterized, and it was found to no longer express dsra. fx517 was at least 10-fold more serum susceptible than 35000. dsra was expressed ... | 2000 | 10678980 |
| in vitro activities of novel trans-3,5-disubstituted pyrrolidinylthio-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the in vitro activities of the novel 1beta-methylcarbapenems j-111, 225, j-114,870, and j-114,871, which have a structurally unique side chain that consists of a trans-3,5-disubstituted 5-arylpyrrolidin-3-ylthio moiety at the c-2 position, were compared with those of reference antibiotics. among isolates of both methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (mrcons), 90% were inhibited by j-111,347 (prototype), j-111,225, j-114,870, ... | 2000 | 10681308 |
| activities of trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro infection model. | we adapted an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection to incorporate infected fibrin clots. the bactericidal activities of various fluoroquinolones against two strains of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae were studied over a 48-h period. bacteria were prepared in muller-hinton broth by using colonies from a 24-h tryptic soy agar plus 5% sheep blood plate and were added to a mixture of cryoprecipitate (80%) and thrombin (10%) to achieve approximately 10(6) cfu of organism per fibr ... | 2000 | 10681324 |
| activities and postantibiotic effects of gemifloxacin compared to those of 11 other agents against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | the activity of gemifloxacin against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis was compared to those of 11 other agents. all quinolones were very active (mics, </=0.125 microgram/ml) against 248 quinolone-susceptible h. influenzae isolates (40.7% of which were beta-lactamase positive); cefixime (mics, </=0.125 microgram/ml) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (mics </=4.0 microgram/ml) were active, followed by cefuroxime (mics, </=16.0 microgram/ml); azithromycin mics were </=4.0 microg/ml. for n ... | 2000 | 10681330 |
| complement-resistant moraxella catarrhalis forms a genetically distinct lineage within the species. | moraxella catarrhalis is a bacterial species that has been implicated in 15-20% of all cases of otitis media in the usa and the complement-resistant variant of m. catarrhalis has been considered particularly pathogenic. a collection of geographically diverse, complement-sensitive (n=28) and -resistant strains (n=47) of m. catarrhalis was assembled in order to analyse the bacterial population structure. all strains were identified as m. catarrhalis by conventional microbiological and biochemical ... | 2000 | 10689157 |
| the prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in nasopharyngeal samples from individuals with a long-standing cough-clinical value of a nasopharyngeal sample. | a long-standing cough is a common cause for visits to a gp. if the patient also has a respiratory tract infection, one of the concerns of the doctor is to decide if the cough is caused by an underlying bacterial infection. | 2000 | 10758078 |
| genesis of bro beta-lactamase-producing moraxella catarrhalis: evidence for transformation-mediated horizontal transfer. | the dramatic rise in bro-producing m. catarrhalis strains observed in the last decades is without precedence. the aim of this study was to elucidate the events that led to the emergence of bro-1 and bro-2 beta-lactamases. previously, we showed bro1 and bro2 to be >99% identical. data presented here suggested that bro2 was acquired by a fortuitous event and inserted between m. catarrhalis genes orf1 and orf3. subsequently, bro1 evolved from bro2. promoter-up mutations increased fitness of bro2, e ... | 2000 | 10760166 |
| analysis of moraxella catarrhalis by dna typing: evidence for a distinct subpopulation associated with virulence traits. | two dna typing methods, probe-generated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and single-adapter amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, were used to study the genetic relationships among 90 moraxella catarrhalis strains. both methods were found to be highly concordant, generating a dendrogram with 2 main branches. the division of the m. catarrhalis population into 2 subspecies was supported by analysis of the 16s rrna sequences. both beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactama ... | 2000 | 10762569 |
| attachment of moraxella catarrhalis occurs to the positively charged domains of pharyngeal epithelial cells. | attachment of bacteria to host cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection. several factors, such as hydrophobicity, surface electric charge, and van der waals force, are considered to be responsible for the attachment step. however, it is not clear why bacteria and epithelial cells, both of which possess a negative surface charge, do not repel one another. in the present study, we used moraxella catarrhalis and pharyngeal epithelial cells to study the surface charges of structure ... | 2000 | 10764611 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant haemophilus influenzae: frequency of occurrence and analysis of confirmed strains in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (north and latin america). | the incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant (fqr) haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical specimens remains very rare, and the identification of such strains has been previously limited to case reports from diverse geographic locations. during the 1997 through 1998 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, four fqr-h. influenzae (0.13% of all strains) and one fqr-m. catarrhalis strains were identified and confirmed as having elevated mics to > or =5 fq class drugs ... | 2000 | 10764968 |
| pharmacotherapy of acute sinusitis in children. | the pharmacotherapeutic options for acute sinusitis in children are reviewed. acute sinusitis occurs more frequently in children than in adults. the diagnosis is based primarily on clinical signs and symptoms. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the organisms most frequently implicated. a variety of antimicrobials have fda-approved labeling for use in the treatment of sinusitis. in randomized, controlled clinical trials identified in a medline search f ... | 2000 | 10768820 |
| passive transfer of antiserum specific for immunogens derived from a nontypeable haemophilus influenzae adhesin and lipoprotein d prevents otitis media after heterologous challenge. | we recently determined that passive transfer of serum directed against a synthetic peptide called lb1 or a recombinant fusion protein immunogen [lpd-lb1(f)(2,1,3)] could prevent otitis media after challenge with a homologous nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) isolate. nthi residing in the nasopharynx was rapidly cleared from this site, thus preventing it from ascending the eustachian tube and inducing otitis media in chinchillas compromised by an ongoing viral upper respiratory tract infe ... | 2000 | 10768970 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in taiwan during the 1998-1999 respiratory season. | a susceptibility surveillance study of 276 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, 301 of haemophilus influenzae, and 110 of moraxella catarrhalis was carried out from november 1998 to may 1999 in taiwan. high rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (76%), extended-spectrum cephalosporins (56%), azithromycin (94%), clarithromycin (95%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) (65%) for s. pneumoniae isolates and high rates of nonsusceptibility to amoxicillin (58%) and tmp-smx (52%) for h. inf ... | 2000 | 10770773 |
| clinical significance of resistant organisms in otitis media. | background: otitis media is an important health care problem of childhood. the bacteriology of otitis media comprises three main pathogens: streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. although the prevalence of resistant strains varies geographically and temporally, antimicrobial resistance is widespread and increasing. resistance to antibiotic drugs: among the risk factors for development of resistance in otitis media are antimicrobial use, young age, ... | 2000 | 10783039 |
| detection of legionella species in respiratory specimens using pcr with sequencing confirmation. | legionella spp. are a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and an occasional cause of nosocomial pneumonia. a pcr method for the detection of legionellae in respiratory samples was evaluated and was compared to culture. the procedure can be performed in 6 to 8 h with a commercially available dna extraction kit (qiagen, valencia, calif.) and by pcr with gel detection. pcr is performed with primers previously determined to amplify a 386-bp product within the 16s rrna gen ... | 2000 | 10790085 |
| antibiotic resistance in respiratory tract isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected from across canada in 1997-1998. | between september 1997 and november 1998 respiratory tract isolates of haemophilus influenzae (n = 1352) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 428) were collected by 18 canadian medical centres. beta-lactamase was produced by 24.0 and 94.2% of h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolates, respectively. resistance rates for h. influenzae were highest for ampicillin (24.0%), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (13. 7%), loracarbef (6.1%) and cefaclor (4.2%), and </= 1% for amoxycillin/clavulanate, cefotaxime, ce ... | 2000 | 10797089 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against 873 clinical isolates from respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical infections during 1997-1998 in japan. | the in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was determined for 873 isolates from various infections during 1997-1998 in japan. gatifloxacin was active against streptococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae, with mic(90)s of </=0.39 mg/l. the activity was two- to 32-fold greater than that of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria, and comparable to that against gram-negative bacteria. gatifloxacin was ... | 2000 | 10797094 |
| stimulation of bacterial adherence by neutrophil defensins varies among bacterial species but not among host cell types. | adherence of haemophilus influenzae to bronchial epithelial cells is enhanced by neutrophil defensins, which are released from activated neutrophils during inflammation [gorter et al. (1998) j. infect. dis. 178, 1067-1078]. in this study, we showed that the adherence of h. influenzae to various epithelial, fibroblast-like and endothelial cell types was significantly enhanced by defensins (20 microg ml(-1)). defensins stimulated also the adherence of moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis ... | 2000 | 10799799 |
| resistant bacteria in the adenoids: a preliminary report. | to determine the incidence of resistant bacteria in adenoid cultures from children with and without middle ear disease and rhinosinusitis symptoms. | 2000 | 10807330 |
| antimicrobial resistance in respiratory tract pathogens: results of an international surveillance study. | an international surveillance study was performed to assess the resistance patterns among respiratory tract pathogens during the winter of 1997-1998. the pathogens studied included streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the antibiotics tested included five beta-lactams (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime axetil and ceftriaxone), two macrolides (azithromycin and clarithromycin), one sulfonamide (trimethoprim-sulfametho ... | 2000 | 10810209 |
| immune response to an 18-kilodalton outer membrane antigen identifies lipoprotein 20 as a helicobacter pylori vaccine candidate. | experiments were performed using the standardized murine model of helicobacter pylori infection to determine the immunogenicity of h. pylori outer membrane vesicles in immune protection. these vesicles, which are naturally shed from the surface of the bacterium, induce a protective response when administered intragastrically to mice in the presence of cholera holotoxin, despite the absence of the urease enzyme and associated hsp54 chaperonin. immunoblotting identified a specific serum immunoglob ... | 2000 | 10816482 |
| identification of a human lactoferrin-binding protein in gardnerella vaginalis. | previous studies have shown that gardnerella vaginalis can utilize iron-loaded human lactoferrin as a sole source of iron. in this study, g. vaginalis cells were shown to bind digoxigenin (dig)-labeled human lactoferrin in a dot blot assay. using the dig-labeled human lactoferrin, a 120-kda human lactoferrin-binding protein was detected by western blot analysis of g. vaginalis proteins. the lactoferrin-binding activity of this protein was found to be heat stable. competition studies indicated th ... | 2000 | 10816496 |
| an ompa-like protein from acinetobacter spp. stimulates gastrin and interleukin-8 promoters. | bacterial overgrowth in the stomach may occur under conditions of diminished or absent acid secretion. under these conditions, secretion of the hormone gastrin is elevated. alternatively, bacterial factors may directly stimulate gastrin. consistent with this hypothesis, we found that mice colonized for 2 months with a mixed bacterial culture of opportunistic pathogens showed an increase in serum gastrin. to examine regulation of gene expression by bacterial proteins, stable transformants of ags ... | 2000 | 10816525 |
| morphological changes and lysis induced by beta-lactams associated with the characteristic profiles of affinities of penicillin-binding proteins in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which was formerly classified in the genus haemophilus, is a pathogen causing swine pleuropneumonia. we found that aspoxicillin showed strong activity and that meropenem had better lytic activity against this pathogen. in the present study, we for the first time identified penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of a. pleuropneumoniae in order to elucidate the relationship between the antibacterial and lytic activities of beta-lactam antibiotics and affinities of the ... | 2000 | 10817702 |
| studies of the novel ketolide abt-773: transport, binding to ribosomes, and inhibition of protein synthesis in streptococcus pneumoniae. | macrolide resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae has been associated with two main mechanisms: target modification by erm methyltransferases and efflux by macrolide pumps. the ketolide abt-773, which has a 3-keto group and no l-cladinose sugar, represents a new class of drugs with in vitro activity against a variety of resistant bacteria. several approaches were undertaken to understand how abt-773 was able to defeat resistance mechanisms. we demonstrated tighter ribosome binding of abt-773 than ... | 2000 | 10817709 |
| increasing bacterial resistance in pediatric acute conjunctivitis (1997-1998). | we sought to determine the current level of resistance in haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, the primary pathogens of pediatric conjunctivitis. between january 1997 and march 1998, we prospectively cultured acute conjunctivitis in 250 ambulatory pediatric patients from rural kentucky whose average age was 24.3 months. in those 250 cases, 106 h. influenzae (42% of the total) and 75 s. pneumoniae (30% of the total) pathogens were isolated, with no growth or no pathogen resulting ... | 2000 | 10817723 |
| activities of taurolidine in vitro and in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. | in vitro, the antimicrobial agent taurolidine inhibited virtually all of the bacteria tested, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci, oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, at concentrations between 250 and 2,000 microg/ml. taurolidine was not effective in experimental endocarditis. while it appears unlikely that this antimicrobial would be useful for systemic therapy, its bactericidal activity and the resistance rates found (<10(-9)) are favorable indicators fo ... | 2000 | 10817739 |
| immune response to surface protein a of streptococcus pneumoniae and to high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein a of moraxella catarrhalis in children with acute otitis media. | the immune response was evaluated in 11 children with streptococcus pneumoniae and in 9 children with moraxella catarrhalis otitis media. the age of the children had a range of 4-32 months. the mean igg, igm, and iga antibody responses to surface protein a (pspa) of s. pneumoniae in sera from children at the acute and convalescent stages were 4864 versus 5831 ng/ml, p<.05, 1075 versus 3752 ng/ml, p<.05, and 67 versus 93 ng/ml, nonsignificant (ns), respectively. the mean igg, igm, and iga antibod ... | 2000 | 10823798 |