Publications

human papillomavirus as a risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis, 1982-1997.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is a significant risk factor for uterine cervical carcinoma. however, the role of hpv infection in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) is less well defined. to determine the significance of the relationship of this virus in the progressive development of oral cancer, we estimated the risk of hpv detection in normal oral mucosa, precancerous oral tissue, and oral carcinoma using meta-analysis.	2001	11402272
efficacy and tolerability of topical 1% cidofovir cream for the treatment of external anogenital warts in hiv-infected persons.	treatment options for anogenital warts in patients with hiv-1 are unsatisfactory because they fail to eradicate latent human papillomavirus.	2001	11403192
a simple and efficient method for the monitoring of antigen-specific t cell responses using peptide pool arrays in a modified elispot assay.	in this study, we describe a simple and efficient method for both the monitoring of antigen-specific cd4 and cd8 t cell responses as well as the identification of novel cd4 and cd8 t cell epitopes using a modified elispot assay and pools of 20mer peptides. we have demonstrated that pools containing as many as 64 20mer peptides may be used to screen for cd4 and cd8 t cell responses to hpv16 l1, e1, and e7 in mice. using arrays of pools of overlapping 20mer peptides, we have identified novel cd4 a ...	2001	11406153
tetrasomy is induced by human papillomavirus type 18 e7 gene expression in keratinocyte raft cultures.	we have demonstrated previously that oncogenic human papillomaviruses (hpvs) induce basal cell tetrasomy in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. to identify hpv genes and growth conditions involved in this process, we analyzed: (a) organotypic raft cultures of primary human keratinocytes transfected with whole hpv-18 genomes; and (b) organotypic raft cultures acutely infected with recombinant retroviruses expressing the hpv-18 e6, e7, or e6/e7 genes from the differentiation- ...	2001	11406563
risks for incident human papillomavirus infection and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion development in young females.	low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsils) have been described as a benign cytological consequence of active human papillomavirus (hpv) replication. several studies have reported that certain behavioral and biological risks exist for lsil, suggesting that hpv alone is not sufficient for the development of lsil. however, because most of these studies have been cross-sectional, it is not known whether behavioral and biological risks are simply risks for hpv infection itself.	2001	11410098
natural history of cervical human papillomavirus infections.		2001	11410184
biological evidence that human papillomaviruses are etiologically involved in a subgroup of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.	high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been proposed to be associated with a subset of head and neck cancers (hnsccs). however, clear biological evidence linking hpv-mediated oncogenesis to the development of hnscc is hardly available. an important biological mechanism underlying hpv-mediated carcinogenesis is the inactivation of p53 by the hpv e6 oncoprotein. in the present study we investigated this biological relationship between hpv and hnscc. in total 84 hnscc tumors were analyzed for ...	2001	11410871
human papillomavirus infection, risk for subsequent development of cervical neoplasia and associated population attributable fraction.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is the major cause of cervical neoplasia but estimates of the population attributable fraction (par%), of hpv vary. par% has not been derived from longitudinal studies although assessment of hpv exposure prior to the neoplasia diagnosis should increase validity of such estimates.	2001	11418359
both e6 and e7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus 16 inhibit il-18-induced ifn-gamma production in human peripheral blood mononuclear and nk cells.	cervical carcinoma is the predominant cancer among malignancies in women throughout the world, and human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 is the most common agent linked to human cervical carcinoma. the present study was performed to investigate the mechanisms of immune escape in hpv-induced cervical cancer cells. the presence of hpv oncoproteins e6 and e7 in the extracellular fluids of hpv-containing cervical cancer cell lines siha and caski was demonstrated by elisa. the effect of hpv 16 oncoproteins e ...	2001	11418688
genital squamous cell carcinoma in men treated by photochemotherapy. a cancer registry-based study from 1978 to 1998.	one single report from the u.s. 16-centre-trial indicated that psoralen and ultraviolet a radiation (puva) therapy may induce an increased risk of genital tumours in men, and protection of the genital area is, therefore, recommended.	2001	11422042
epidemiology of aids-related tumours in developed and developing countries.	aids-associated illnesses include kaposi's sarcoma (ks), non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl), and, since 1993, invasive cervical cancer (icc). between 1988 and 1998, among aids cases reported in western europe, 9.6% had ks and 3.9% had nhl as aids-defining illnesses. between 1988 and 1998, the frequency of ks decreased from 13.4 to 6.4%, while nhl increased from 3.8 to 5.3%. estimates of the relative risk (rr) of neoplasms in hiv-seropositive populations came from population-based cancer and aids regis ...	2001	11423251
human papillomavirus in conjunctival papilloma.	to examine conjunctival papillomas for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) and koilocytosis.	2001	11423448
high prevalence of oncogenic human papillomavirus in the genital tract of women with human immunodeficiency virus.	the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) and squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in mexico.	2001	11426958
synthetic peptides induce a cytotoxic response against human papillomavirus type-18.	over 90% of cervical carcinomas express human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 and e7 proteins. these unique antigens are ideal targets for the development of cytotoxic t-lymphocytes (ctl) for antitumor immunotherapy. in this study we identify peptides from hpv-18 e6 and e7 proteins that bind to hla class i molecules. we further show that these peptides are able to induce peptide-specific ctl from an hla-a2-positive (+) peripheral blood donor in vitro.	2001	11426965
negative predictive value of human papillomavirus test following conization of the cervix uteri.	the goal of this study was to determine/evaluate the negative predictive value of human papillomavirus (hpv) testing following conization of cervix uteri.	2001	11426982
policy analysis of cervical cancer screening strategies in low-resource settings: clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness.	cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. in such low-resource settings, cytology-based screening is difficult to implement, and less complex strategies may offer additional options.	2001	11427139
androgen induces differentiation of a human papillomavirus 16 e6/e7 immortalized prostate epithelial cell line.	androgen signaling is crucial for the growth and development, as well as for tumorigenesis of the prostate. however, many of the prostate epithelial cell lines developed previously, either normal or tumorigenic, do not express androgen receptor (ar) or respond to androgen. in order to advance our understanding on how androgen signaling regulates the growth and the differentiation status, and affects tumorigenicity of the epithelial cell, we performed experiments on hpr-1, a prostate cell line re ...	2001	11431162
formation of intracranial tumors by genetically modified human astrocytes defines four pathways critical in the development of human anaplastic astrocytoma.	the formation of human malignant gliomas is thought to involve the accumulation of multiple genetic alterations. to define the function of specific alterations in glioma formation, we serially introduced genetic alterations functionally equivalent to those noted in human malignant gliomas into normal human astrocytes (nhas). we then monitored the ability of each of these alterations to contribute to the growth of otherwise genetically stable nhas into intracranial malignant gliomas. using this m ...	2001	11431323
low serum and red blood cell folate are moderately, but nonsignificantly associated with increased risk of invasive cervical cancer in u.s. women.	previous observational epidemiologic studies of folate and cervical cancer, as well as folate supplementation trials for cervical dysplasia, have produced mixed results. we examined the relationship between serum and rbc folate and incident invasive cervical cancer in a large, multicenter, community-based case-control study. detailed in-person interviews were conducted, and blood was drawn at least 6 mo after completion of cancer treatment from 51% of cases and 68% of controls who were interview ...	2001	11435527
immortalized testis cell lines from estrogen receptor (er) alpha knock-out and wild-type mice expressing functional eralpha or erbeta.	the surprising findings that male mice lacking the estrogen receptor (er) alpha (alphaerko) have atrophic testis and are infertile proved that eralpha is involved in normal testicular function. to obtain compatible in vitro model systems for alphaerko male mice, we immortalized different cell lines from the testis of alphaerko and wild-type (c57bl/6) mice with the human papilloma virus e6/e7 genes. the established cell lines were characterized for sertoli, leydig, and peritubular cell markers by ...	2001	11451363
the importance of biological factors (bcl-2, bax, p53, pcna, mi, hpv and angiogenesis) in invasive cervical cancer.	the present study was designed to analyse the relationship between apoptosis related proteins (bcl-2 and bax), tumour suppressor protein p53, proliferation markers (pcna and mitotic index), human papillomavirus (hpv) and angiogenesis in cervical cancer and their impact on clinical outcome.	2001	11451553
human papillomavirus infection in cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in renal allograft recipients.	host immunity plays an important role in the development of human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated disease. the hpv infection in oral cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth in renal transplant recipients has not been investigated previously. the aim of this study was to establish the hpv infection of cyclosporin-induced gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients through morphological changes and use of the in situ hybridization technique.	2001	11453235
signal-amplified colorimetric in situ hybridization for assessment of human papillomavirus infection in cervical lesions.	detection and typing of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection may have a major impact in cervical-screening and follow-up. in this study various commercially available techniques for the detection of hpv were evaluated. hpv-status was determined in 86 samples of cervical cancer by pcr and direct sequencing, catalyzed signal amplified colorimetric dna in situ hybridization (csac- ish) (genpoint system, dako), immunohistochemistry (ihc) and in 12 selected cases also by conventional, non-amplified i ...	2001	11455003
human papillomavirus type 18 in colorectal cancer.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been recognized as the etiological agent of warts, and they may also be associated with many cancers. hpv-18 is very common both in genital papillomas and in large bowel cancer. the relation between hpv-18 infection and natural course of colorectal cancer has not been fully defined. in this study, normal mucosa and colorectal cancer tissue were evaluated for the presence of hpv gene to determine whether or not hpv was involved in the development of colon neopla ...	2001	11456365
a dna vaccine based on a shuffled e7 oncogene of the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) induces e7-specific cytotoxic t cells but lacks transforming activity.	vaccination with oncogene-derived dna for anti-cancer treatment carries a risk of de-novo tumor induction triggered by the persisting recombinant dna. we hypothesized that an oncoprotein whose primary sequence has been rearranged ('shuffled') to maintain all possible t cell epitopes still induces cytotoxic t cells against the authentic protein but is devoid of transforming properties. as a model antigen, we used the e7 oncoprotein of the human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16, the major cause of cer ...	2001	11457555
high risk human papillomavirus in oral squamous carcinoma: evidence of risk factors in a venezuelan rural population. preliminary report.	in a search for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) and some etiologic cofactors in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc), 50 women diagnosed as oscc were analyzed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay specific for hpv types 6, 11, 16, and 18. this study revealed that 60% (30/50) of the oscc patients were positive for hpv-dna sequences. this group was analyzed according to smoking, alcohol consumption, number of pregnancies, poor oral health and low social economic status. th ...	2001	11459321
stability of the human papillomavirus type 18 e2 protein is regulated by a proteasome degradation pathway through its amino-terminal transactivation domain.	the e2 proteins of papillomaviruses regulate both viral transcription and dna replication. the human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) e2 protein has been shown to repress transcription of the oncogenic e6 and e7 genes, inducing growth arrest in hela cells. using hpv18 e2 fused to the green fluorescent protein (gfp), we showed that this protein was short-lived in transfected hela cells. real-time microscopy experiments indicated that the e2-dependent signal increased for roughly 24 h after transfec ...	2001	11461997
degradation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor by the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 oncoprotein is important for functional inactivation and is separable from proteasomal degradation of e7.	the steady-state level and metabolic half-life of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein prb are decreased in cells that express high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 proteins. here we show that prb degradation is a direct activity of e7 and does not reflect a property of cell lines acquired during the selection process for e7 expression. an amino-terminal domain of e7 that does not directly contribute to prb binding but is required for transformation is also necessary for e7-mediated prb deg ...	2001	11462030
activation of the p21(cip1/waf1) promoter by bone morphogenetic protein-2 in mouse b lineage cells.	bmps exert a negative growth effect on various types of cells. we have previously reported that bmp-2 inhibited the growth of hs-72 mouse hybridoma cells by inducing p21(cip1/waf1) expression. in the present study, we demonstrated that bmp-2 activated the mouse p21(cip1/waf1) promoter in hs-72 cells, and that a 29-base pair (b) region of the promoter (-1928/-1900 relative to the tata box), conserved between mice and humans, was responsive to bmp-2 as well as expression of smad1, smad4, and const ...	2001	11466619
down modulation of il-18 expression by human papillomavirus type 16 e6 oncogene via binding to il-18.	to understand modulation of a novel immune-related cytokine, interleukin-18, by human papillomavirus type (hpv) 16 oncogenes, hacat, normal keratinocyte cell line, and c-33a, hpv-negative cervical cancer cell line, were prepared to establish stable cell lines expressing e6, e6 mutant (e6m), e6e7, or e7 constitutively. expressions of various hpv oncogene transcripts were identified by rt-pcr. expression of hpv oncogene e6 was reversely correlated to the expression of interleukin-18, a novel pro-i ...	2001	11470273
what we could do now: molecular pathology of gynaecological cancer.	gynaecological tumours exemplify many of the molecular paradigms of carcinogenesis. the clinical value of many of the molecular abnormalities present is now being tested and it is likely that the identification of at least some of these will become routine in the near future. this may help to refine diagnosis and guide treatment-for example, therapeutic vaccination for human papillomavirus related disease.	2001	11477134
human papillomavirus testing. effectiveness of testing for high risk hpv for triage of low grade abnormal smears is being assessed in tombola trial.		2001	11480414
microsatellite alterations in exfoliated cervical epithelia deoxyribonucleic acid as a marker for high-grade dysplasia.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the use of deoxyribonucleic acid microsatellite alterations in cervical epithelia in the prediction of high-grade dysplasia and to compare it with a strategy based on human papillomavirus testing.	2001	11483913
human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck.		2001	11484705
p73 cooperates with dna damage agents to induce apoptosis in mcf7 cells in a p53-dependent manner.	p73, a member of the p53 family, can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. since p53-mediated apoptosis can be augmented by various cancer chemotherapeutic agents, it has been hypothesized that the status of the endogenous p53 gene in cancer cells is a key determinant in the outcome of cancer therapy. to determine whether p73 can sensitize cancer cells to apoptosis by dna damage agents, several mcf7 adenocarcinoma cell lines that inducibly express p73 or p53 under a tetracycline-regulated promoter w ...	2001	11494133
cost effectiveness of human papillomavirus testing to augment cervical cancer screening in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	to determine the cost effectiveness of incorporating molecular testing for high-risk types of human papillomavirus into a cervical cancer screening program for women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).	2001	11498068
both rb and e7 are regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in hpv-containing cervical tumor cells.	high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are etiologically linked to human cervical and oral cancers. the e6 and e7 oncoproteins encoded by hpv target host cell tumor suppressor proteins. e6 induces proteolysis of p53 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. recent studies showed that overexpression of e7 caused proteolytic degradation of the tumor suppressor rb. however, unlike p53, rb is not regulated by proteolysis in normal cells. in addition, it was unclear whether in its natural context e7 ...	2001	11498796
expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p16mts1, p21waf1, and p27kip1 in hpv-positive and hpv-negative cervical adenocarcinomas.	inactivation or down-regulation of the cell-cycle inhibitors p16mts1, p21waf1, and p27kip1 is involved in the carcinogenesis of various human tumors. in cervical squamous cell carcinomas that are associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, the expression or function of these proteins is impaired by the action of viral oncoproteins e6 and e7. comparably less is known about the role of these cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in cervical adenocarcinomas, 15-40% of which are hpv negative. ...	2001	11499840
regulation of human papillomavirus type 1 replication by the viral e2 protein.	the e1 and e2 proteins encoded by papillomaviruses are required for viral replication. earlier studies have shown that the viral e2 protein plays an important role in replication by targeting the e1 helicase to the origin of replication (ori). we have previously shown that the e1 protein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 1 is sufficient for the in vivo replication of ori plasmids, although the e2 protein stimulates replication. in this study, we have further analyzed the role of the e2 protein ...	2001	11504556
characterization of a novel genital human papillomavirus by overlapping pcr: candhpv86 identified in cervicovaginal cells of a woman with cervical neoplasia.	a novel human papillomavirus (hpv), candhpv86, was cloned and characterized from cervicovaginal cells obtained from a 37-year-old hispanic woman with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (cin1) using an overlapping pcr technique. primers were designed by phylogenetic alignment of closely related hpv genomes using the l1 fragment sequence amplified by gp5+/6+. the 7983 bp complete nucleotide sequence of the hpv genome was determined by sequence walking. a basic local alignment sequence tool ...	2001	11514712
prevalence, incidence, and type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative women.	human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and related immunosuppression are associated with excess risk for cervical neoplasia and human papillomavirus (hpv) persistence. type-specific hpv infection was assessed at 6-month intervals for hiv-positive and hiv-negative women (median follow-up, 2.5 and 2.9 years, respectively). the type-specific incidence of hpv infection was determined, and risk factors for hpv persistence were investigated by statistical methods that accounted for repeated meas ...	2001	11517428
genital hpv: links to cervical cancer, treatment, and prevention.	human papillomavirus is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted viruses. it consists of over 230 different subtypes and infects the squamous epithelial cells in humans producing cutaneous, mucosal, and epidermodysplasia verruciformis type infections. there are several risk factors for human papillomavirus infections. these include a sexually active life-style beginning at a young age, having multiple lifetime sex partners, having sex with a partner with genital warts, and long term oral c ...	2001	11517629
the retinoblastoma protein acts as a transcriptional coactivator required for osteogenic differentiation.	the incidence of osteosarcoma is increased 500-fold in patients who inherit mutations in the rb gene. to understand why the retinoblastoma protein (prb) is specifically targeted in osteosarcoma, we studied its function in osteogenesis. loss of prb but not p107 or p130 blocks late osteoblast differentiation. prb physically interacts with the osteoblast transcription factor, cbfa1, and associates with osteoblast-specific promoters in vivo in a cbfa1-dependent fashion. association of prb with cbfa1 ...	2001	11545733
detection of human papillomavirus dna and p53 gene mutations in esophageal cancer samples and adjacent normal mucosa.	there is evidence of a possible etiological role of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) in the development of esophageal tumors. loss of function of the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor gene product by binding to e6 oncoproteins of high-risk hpvs is considered an important event in tumor development. the aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of hpv infection and p53 mutation in esophageal tumor tissue samples and in the adjacent normal mucosa in patients from a high-risk area in italy.	2001	11549832
apoptotic changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	we examined apoptosis in paraffin-embedded archival cervical tissues from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) cases to determine whether the apoptotic process is involved in the cellular changes of cin. apoptotic bodies, determined by the tunel method, were largely found at the surface epithelium in a few tissue specimens with no significant abnormality and in most tissues with cin. apoptotic bodies were also found within the stratified epithelium of cin lesions and were altogether absent i ...	2001	11549862
differentiation-dependent chromatin rearrangement coincides with activation of human papillomavirus type 31 late gene expression.	the life cycle of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is tightly linked to the differentiation status of the host cell. while early genes are expressed during the initial stages of viral infection, late gene expression occurs in the suprabasal layers of the cervical epithelium. late genes encode e1-e4, a cytosolic protein, and capsid proteins l1 and l2. we have mapped over 30 initiation sites for late transcripts and show that the transcripts initiate in a 200-nucleotide region within the e7 open read ...	2001	11559836
e5 transforming proteins of papillomaviruses do not disturb the activity of the vacuolar h(+)-atpase.	papillomaviruses contain a gene, e5, that encodes a short hydrophobic polypeptide that has transforming activity. e5 proteins bind to the 16 kda subunit c (proteolipid) of the eukaryotic vacuolar h(+)-atpase (v-atpase) and this binding is thought to disturb the v-atpase and to be part of transformation. this link has been examined in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. the e5 proteins from human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16, bovine papillomavirus (bpv) type 1, bpv-4 e5 and various mutants of e5 ...	2001	11562529
immunology of human papillomavirus infection in lower genital tract neoplasia.	despite its being a relatively common virus, the study of human papillomavirus infection has lagged behind that of other viruses. human papillomaviruses do not provoke strong systemic antibody or t-cell responses. furthermore, the majority of those infected do not display clinical symptoms and are able to clear the virus by unknown mechanisms. in the last decade, however, research into human papillomavirus immunology has blossomed, for two main reasons. first, there is strong circumstantial evid ...	2001	11563868
management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesion by human papillomavirus testing.	cervical cytological terminology varies from country to country. in the usa, the pap smear is reported using the bethesda system. the abnormal morphological changes described by this system include two very problematic categories: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) and atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (agus). the management of ascus, which is similar to the british system 'borderline' smear, has been most problematic because the majority of women wi ...	2001	11563869
human papillomavirus as a form of risk assessment.	there is a huge amount of interest in the use of human papillomavirus testing to improve both the sensitivity and specificity of cervical screening. although oncogenic human papillomavirus subtypes are recognized to be the most important factor in the development of cervical disease, only a minority of such infections results in invasive cancer. given our current, albeit limited, knowledge of the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and the development of cervical intra-epithelial n ...	2001	11563871
human papillomavirus and vulval intra-epithelial neoplasia.	the association between human papillomavirus vulval skin infection and vulval intra-epithelial neoplasia is strong. vulval skin carcinogenesis is, however, multifactorial. both human papillomavirus oncogenic subtype infection and p53 mutations are likely to contribute to the risk of malignant transformation of normal epithelium. the long-term cumulative risk of developing vulval squamous carcinoma following the diagnosis of high-grade vulval intra-epithelial neoplasia is thought to be approximat ...	2001	11563872
significance of human papillomavirus in sinonasal papillomas.	recent investigations have suggested human papillomavirus (hpv) to be involved in the development of sinonasal papillomas (snp). forty-three patients operated for snp were studied to determine the prevalence of hpv-dna sequences in these tumours and to evaluate their value as a prognostic parameter. the original sections of all cases were reviewed and reclassified according to the who. paraffin blocks available from 37 patients were subjected to in situ hybridization (ish) and polymerase chain r ...	2001	11564296
p53 codon 72 polymorphism is linked to the development and not the progression of benign and malignant laryngeal tumours.	the p53 codon 72 polymorphism, resulting in either an arginine or a proline residue has been proposed to affect the susceptibility of p53 protein to human papilloma virus (hpv) e6-mediated degradation in vitro. however, there are controversial results from several clinical studies in various human tumours. the purpose of our study was to investigate the significance of this p53 genotype with respect to the risk of neoplasia development in greek patients with benign and malignant laryngeal tumour ...	2001	11564578
use of up-converting phosphor reporters in lateral-flow assays to detect specific nucleic acid sequences: a rapid, sensitive dna test to identify human papillomavirus type 16 infection.	a lateral-flow (lf) device using the new reporter up-converting phosphor technology (upt) was applied to dna (hybridization) assays for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences, thereby aiming to perform the test outside well-equipped laboratories. the methodology reported here is sensitive and provides a rapid alternative for more elaborate gel electrophoresis and southern blotting. in a preliminary study, it was applied to screen for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) ...	2001	11568115
co(2) laser treatment in 244 patients with respiratory papillomas.	respiratory papillomas (rp) tend to recur and the difficulty in eradicating the disease makes their treatment frustrating. meticulous co(2) laser excisions every 2 months has been the most effective treatment to date. this article analyzes the results of this plan in 244 patients with rp in the nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, lung parenchyma, and skin.	2001	11568620
"low-risk" and "high-risk" hpv-infection and k-ras gene point mutations in human cervical cancer: a study of 31 cases.	to analyze the coexistence of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection and k-ras gene activation in cervical neoplasia, we investigated 31 (seven pre-invasive and 24 invasive) cervical carcinomas for "low-risk" (types 6 and 11) and "high-risk" (types 16 and 18) hpvs and k-ras point mutations using pcr-based technology. "low-risk" hpvs were not detected in the group investigated; however, 20 of 31 (64%) cases were hpv 16 positive, while hpv 18 was found in only three (9.7%) samples (hpv 6/11 v. hpv ...	2001	11569923
formation of soluble inclusion bodies by hpv e6 oncoprotein fused to maltose-binding protein.	many polypeptides overexpressed in bacteria are produced misfolded and accumulate as solid structures called inclusion bodies. inclusion-body-prone proteins have often been reported to escape precipitation when fused to maltose-binding protein (mbp). here, we have examined the case of hpv 16 oncoprotein e6. the unfused sequence of e6 is overexpressed as inclusion bodies in bacteria. by contrast, fusions of e6 to the c-terminus of mbp are produced soluble. we have analyzed preparations of soluble ...	2001	11570842
higher incidence of p53 mutation in cervical carcinomas with intermediate-risk hpv infection.	inactivation of p53, either through mutation or interaction with human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 oncoprotein, is a characteristic feature of cervical carcinoma cell lines that have been previously studied. to elucidate the role of p53 in the carcinogenesis of korean cervical carcinomas, 27 hpv-positive and 13 hpv-negative cervical carcinomas were studied in order to evaluate the status of the p53 gene.	2001	11574134
enhancement of capsid gene expression: preparing the human papillomavirus type 16 major structural gene l1 for dna vaccination purposes.	expression of the structural proteins l1 and l2 of the human papillomaviruses (hpv) is tightly regulated. as a consequence, attempts to express these prime-candidate genes for prophylactic vaccination against papillomavirus-associated diseases in mammalian cells by means of simple dna transfections result in insufficient production of the viral antigens. similarly, in vivo dna vaccination using hpv l1 or l2 expression constructs produces only weak immune responses. in this study we demonstrate t ...	2001	11533183
interaction of human papillomavirus type 11 e7 protein with tap-1 results in the reduction of atp-dependent peptide transport.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) cause benign and malignant epithelial tumors of the respiratory and genital mucosa. we previously reported that recurrent respiratory papillomas caused by hpv 6/11 express low levels of antibody-detectable tap-1, the protein that transports peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum for assembly and presentation by mhc class i, and that the extent of tap-1 immunostaining is inversely related to the frequency of disease recurrence. we have now determined a mechanism for ...	2001	11580231
chromosome 6p21.2, 18q21.2 and human papilloma virus (hpv) dna can predict prognosis of cervical cancer after radiotherapy.	loss of heterozygosity (loh) is one of the most important mechanisms for inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes. studies of loh in patients with cervical carcinoma have reported a high frequency of loh on 3p21.3, 6p21.2, 17p13.1, and 18q21.2. our study explored whether p53 status, human papilloma virus (hpv), and loh on chromosome 3p21.3, 6p21.2, 17p13.1, and 18q21.2 are associated with treatment outcome in 65 patients with cervical cancer after radiotherapy. tumors and normal dna were analyzed ...	2001	11582581
microsatellite instability, expression of hmsh2 and hmlh1 and hpv infection in cervical cancer and their clinico-pathological association.	infection with specific genotypes of human papillomavirus (hpv) has been strongly implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. however, hpv infection alone is insufficient for malignant transformation of the cervical epithelium. an alteration of microsatellite repeats is the result of slippage owing to strand misalignment during dna replication and is referred to as microsatellite instability (msi). these defects in dna repair pathways have been related to human carcinogenesis; however, the role of ms ...	2001	11586036
human papillomavirus pcr direct sequencing study of cervical precancerous lesions in quebec children.		2001	11588297
human papilloma virus 16 e7 oncogene does not cooperate with ret/ptc 3 oncogene in the neoplastic transformation of thyroid cells in transgenic mice.	we have previously reported that the thyroid-targeted expression of the ret/ptc3 oncogene (tg-ret/ptc3) in transgenic mice induces follicular hyperplasia with papillary architecture, resulting in a modest increase of the thyroid gland volume, followed by the appearance of papillary carcinomas in approximately 1-year-old animals. in order to analyze the genetic alterations that may cooperate with ret/ptc3 in the development or progression of thyroid tumors, we interbred tg-ret/ptc3 mice with tg-e ...	2001	11589306
neutralization of human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) by serum from women vaccinated with yeast-derived hpv-11 l1 virus-like particles: correlation with competitive radioimmunoassay titer.	neutralization of human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) has been demonstrated using serum and cervical secretions from primates vaccinated with virus-like particles (vlps). theoretically, neutralizing antibodies could protect women from hpv infection. the immunogenicity of a yeast-derived hpv-11 l1 vlp vaccine was tested in women. serum specimens were evaluated for hpv-11 titer by competitive radioimmunoassay (cria) and for neutralization by use of the athymic mouse xenograft system. analysis of ...	2001	11598842
the genetic events of hpv-immortalized esophageal epithelium cells.	we studied cytogenesis, telomere and telomerase, and c-myc, ras, bcl-2, and p53 genes of cells in the progressive process of immortal epithelial cells from embryonic esophagus induced by human papillomavirus (hpv). the shee cell line, established by us, consist of immortalized epithelial cells from the embryonic esophagus induced by genes e6e7 of hpv type 18. it was in initial malignant transformation when cultivated over 60 passages without co-carcinogens. cells of the 10th, 31st, and 60th pass ...	2001	11605024
absence of human papillomavirus dna in nongenital seborrheic keratosis.	seborrheic keratosis (sk) is a benign epidermal tumor of unknown etiology. because of its wart-like morphology, human papillomavirus (hpv) has been suggested as a possible causative agent. viral involvement, however, has not been confirmed yet despite extensive research. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of hpv 6/11, 31, 33 dna in nongenital sk. we analyzed 40 biopsy specimens taken from patients with nongenital sk using in situ polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and pcr with tissu ...	2001	11641533
suppression of p53 function in normal human mammary epithelial cells increases sensitivity to extracellular matrix-induced apoptosis.	little is known about the fate of normal human mammary epithelial cells (hmecs) that lose p53 function in the context of extracellular matrix (ecm)-derived growth and polarity signals. retrovirally mediated expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e6 and antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (odns) were used to suppress p53 function in hmecs as a model of early breast cancer. p53+ hmec vector controls grew exponentially in reconstituted ecm (recm) until day 6 and then underwent growth arres ...	2001	11673474
oral contraceptives and cancer: an update.	most up-to-date information on oral contraceptives (ocs) and breast cancer risk comes from a collaborative re-analysis of individual data on 53297 cases and 100239 controls. it is now established that there is a moderately increased breast cancer risk among current oc users, which tends to level off in the few years after stopping use. with regard to cervical cancer, oc use has been found to be associated with increased risk in human papilloma virus-positive women. with reference to the well kno ...	2001	11676302
human papillomavirus infection among egyptian females with cervical carcinoma: relationship to spontaneous apoptosis and tnf-alpha.	this study was designed to detect hpv type-16 in cervical carcinoma (cc) tissue specimens. the results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters of the carcinoma, with spontaneous apoptosis and with immunoreactivity to tnf-alpha antibodies.	2001	11676979
gene transfer using human papillomavirus pseudovirions varies according to virus genotype and requires cell surface heparan sulfate.	artificial viruses consisting of dna plasmid packaged in vitro into virus-like particles (vlps) are new vehicles for gene transfer. we therefore investigated the ability of nine human papillomavirus (hpv) vlps to interact with heterologous dna and transfer genes. hpv 16, 18, 31, 33, 39, 45, 58, 59, and 68 vlps were able to bind heterologous dna and to transfer genes into cos-7 cells. inhibition of gene transfer by preincubation of the pseudovirions with heparin confirmed that heparan sulfate on ...	2001	11682199
highly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell cancer of the cervix: a rare, locally aggressive tumor not associated with human papillomavirus or squamous intraepithelial lesions.	the purpose of this study is to report an unusual variant of cervical squamous cell carcinoma, not associated with either human papillomavirus infection or antecedent squamous intraepithelial lesions. five women had a diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer discovered at hysterectomy performed for prolapse (two cases), leiomyoma (one case), or a vaginal fistula (two cases). the women ranged in age from 47 to 78 years (mean 59 years). four of the five had a history of normal papanicolaou (pap) smea ...	2001	11688467
value of morphological criteria in diagnosing cervical hpv lesions confirmed by in situ hybridization and hybrid capture assay.	the present study evaluated the value of morphological criteria (binucleation, multinucleation, koilocytosis, spindle koilocytes, abnormal mitosis and dyskeratosis) in the diagnosis of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) lesions confirmed by in situ hybridization (ish) and hybrid capture (hc) assay. colposcopic punch biopsies from a series of 138 women with abnormal pap smears were examined on light microscopy and in situ hybridization (dako widespectrum cocktail probe) for hpv-induced morpholog ...	2001	11700889
warty carcinoma of the anus: a variant of squamous cell carcinoma associated with anal intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection.	warty carcinoma (wc) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma primarily described in the vulva in younger women and classically associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the gross findings are similar to those of verrucous carcinoma with large, exophytic tumors with a papillomatous surface. microscopically, the tumor is papillated and contains fibrovascular cores covered by hyperkeratotic epithelium showing presence of koilocytes. we report a case of anal squamous cell carcinoma ...	2001	11701985
is there a role for human papillomavirus testing in clinical practice?		2001	11704159
human papillomavirus genotypes in rural mozambique.	we studied the genotype distribution of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in an age-stratified sample of 262 women in mozambique using the pgmyo9-pgmy11 primer system in a reverse line-blot strip-based assay with high sensitivity in type-specific amplification. despite the low precision of the estimates, we found that hpv-16 was not the dominant type. instead, hpv 35 was the most commonly identified genotype among hpv-positive women (16/96 [17%]) and women with cervical neoplasia (7 ...	2001	11705494
natural history of cervical human papillomavirus.		2001	11705599
exogenous peptide and protein expression levels using retroviral vectors in human cells.	pseudotyped retroviral vectors combine the advantages of broad host range, high expression, stable chromosomal integration, and ease of preparation. these vectors greatly facilitate delivery into mammalian cells of sequences encoding individual peptide inhibitors-including those with therapeutic utility-and inhibitor libraries. however, retroviral vectors vary in behavior, particularly with respect to expression levels in different cell lines. expression level is especially important in transdom ...	2001	11708876
papillomavirus microbicidal activities of high-molecular-weight cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate.	the high-molecular-weight sulfated or sulfonated polysaccharides or polymers cellulose sulfate, dextran sulfate, and polystyrene sulfonate were tested for microbicidal activity against bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) and type 40 (hpv-40). in vitro assays included the bpv-1-induced focus-forming assay and transient infection of human a431 cells with hpvs. the compounds were tested for microbicidal activity directly by preincubation with virus prior t ...	2001	11709319
the significance of p53 codon 72 polymorphism for the development of cervical adenocarcinomas.	infection with the human papillomavirus is an important co-factor in the development of cervical carcinomas. accordingly, hpv dna is recognised in most of these tumours. polymorphism of the p53 gene, codon 72, is also considered a risk factor in the development of cervical carcinoma. however, this finding is contradicted by several observers. in the present investigation, 111 cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix collected through the swedish cancer registry and 188 controls (females with normal ...	2001	11710828
a comparative study of telomerase activity and malignant phenotype in multistage carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells induced by human papillomavirus.	to examine certain characteristics of multistep carcinogenesis, we studied telomerase activity and malignant phenotypes in the immortal, premalignant and malignant stages of esophageal epithelial cells induced by hpv. an immortalized human fetal esophageal epithelial cell line (shee) was induced by e6e7 genes of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18. cells in the 10th passage, (shee10), 31st passage (shee31), 61st passage (shee61) and shee61a which were selected and expanded from anchorage-independ ...	2001	11712078
detection of hpv in genital condylomata: correlation between viral load and clinical outcome.	high dna viral load in human papillomavirus type 16 cervical dysplastic lesions has been proposed as a marker of progression towards malignancy. to evaluate the prognostic value of dna viral load in infection by hpv type other than hpv-16, a longitudinal study of patients with anogenital condylomata (ac) was designed. the study included 40 patients, 25 men and 15 women. clinical data were collected through standard interview and routine serum analyses. viral type in lesions was assayed by pcr wi ...	2001	11718218
prb-expressing adenovirus ad5-rb attenuates the p53-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cell lines.	the retinoblastoma protein (prb), the gene product of the first reported tumour suppressor gene, is functionally inactivated by the e7 protein of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) found in most human cervical cancers. we have, in this study, constructed an adenoviral vector expressing wild-type prb (ad5-rb) and used the constructed ad5-rb to transfect the osteosarcoma cell line saos-2, and three cervical cancer cell lines hela, siha and c-33a. our results showed that prb caused g1 arrest in s ...	2001	11720846
relationship between estradiol 16 alpha-hydroxylation and human papillomavirus infection in cervical cell transformation.	the ovarian steroid hormone estradiol and its metabolite estrone were examined in 45 normal women and 127 premenopausal women with precancerous cervical lesions. interviews, colposcopy and cervical scrapings were performed. the mean +/- sd values for estradiol and estrone were 0.07 +/- 0.08 ng/ml and 0.06 +/- 0.02 ng/ml, respectively in normal subjects. corresponding data in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia alone or in association with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection were 0. ...	2001	11727355
[recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: a cause of progressive respiratory distress].	a 5-year-old girl was brought to the emergency department because of respiratory distress of 3 months' evolution that had worsened over the previous 3 weeks. cervical radiograph and cervical computerized axial tomography showed an endolaryngeal mass almost completely occluding the airway. urgent laryngoscopy revealed an endolaryngeal fleshy mass, which was excised during the procedure. histological diagnosis was laryngeal papilloma. although infrequent in children, laryngeal papilloma is the mos ...	2001	11730592
human papillomavirus type 7 and butcher's warts.		2001	11735725
treatment of human papilloma virus in a 6-month-old infant with imiquimod 5% cream.	a healthy female infant was diagnosed with genital warts at six months of age. she was the product of an uncomplicated vaginal delivery to a mother who was diagnosed with genital warts during the pregnancy, but did not undergo any treatment. the infant's warts were clinically resolved following a three week course of 5% imiquimod cream, an immunomodulating agent that has been demonstrated to be a potent inducer of several cytokines promoting an antiviral cell-mediated immune response.	2001	11737697
clinicopathologic characterization of squamous-cell carcinoma arising from pilonidal disease in association with condylomata acuminatum in hiv-infected patients: report of two cases.	pilonidal disease is a common acquired condition believed to arise from penetration of short hairs into the subcutaneous tissue that induces a cyst or sinus formation. malignant degeneration is rare and is typically seen only after decades of antecedent disease presence. condylomata acuminatum in association with pilonidal disease have been described in two prior case reports, however, the coexistence of condyloma with pilonidal disease complicated by malignant degeneration has not been previous ...	2001	11742179
subcytotoxic h2o2 stress triggers a release of transforming growth factor-beta 1, which induces biomarkers of cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts.	stress-induced premature senescence (sips) is induced 3 days after exposure of human diploid fibroblasts to subcytotoxic oxidative stress with h(2)o(2), with appearance of several biomarkers of replicative senescence. in this work, we show that transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1) regulates the induction of several of these biomarkers in sips: cellular morphology, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, increase in the steady-state level of fibronectin, apolipoprotein j, osteo ...	2001	11060295
characterization of adriamycin-induced g2 arrest and its abrogation by caffeine in fl-amnion cells with or without p53.	we investigated the effect of adriamycin on fl-amnion (fl) cells. after treatment with the drug, the cells arrested at g2, but we did not detect an increase in the p21 levels. we established a p53-deficient derivative of these cells, in which g2 arrest also occurred after treatment with adriamycin, suggesting that the arrest we observed in these cells is independent of the p53 pathway. low doses of adriamycin (100-200 ng/ml) induced g2 arrest, while late s-phase arrest was observed at high doses ...	2001	11120603
in vitro models to study cellular differentiation and function in human prostate cancers.	in vitro models to study cellular differentiation and function in human prostate cancers. to augment the currently available models of human prostate cancer in vitro, we have established extended life-span epithelial cultures from biopsies of well-differentiated prostate cancers. the genetic identity of the target cells was assessed by allelotyping, using microsatellites located on chromosome 8p, and microdissection of tissues and primary cell cultures. cells with an extended life span (pxe6) we ...	2001	11121225
oestrogen and progesterone increase the levels of apoptosis induced by the human papillomavirus type 16 e2 and e7 proteins.	human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 infects the genital tract and is generally acknowledged to be a causative agent of cervical cancer. hpv infection alone is not sufficient to induce cervical cancer and other factors such as steroid hormones are thought to play a role in the establishment and/or progression of this disease. the hpv-16 e2 protein is required for virus replication and modulates viral gene expression whereas the hpv-16 e7 protein is required for cell transformation. we and others h ...	2001	11125173
mucosal vaccination with a recombinant salmonella typhimurium expressing human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) l1 virus-like particles (vlps) or hpv16 vlps purified from insect cells inhibits the growth of hpv16-expressing tumor cells in mice.	human papillomaviruses, mainly type 16 (hpv16), are responsible for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which can lead, in association with other factors, to cervical cancer. both salmonella recombinant vaccine strains assembling hpv16 virus-like particles (vlps) and hpv16 vlps purified from insect cells are able to induce hpv16 neutralizing antibodies in genital secretions of mice after nasal immunization. anti-hpv16-specific antibodies in cervical secretions of women may prevent genital infect ...	2001	11145916
impact of human papillomavirus infection on the expression of the kai1 metastasis suppressor protein in invasive cervical cancer.	downregulation of kai1 metastasis suppressor protein is associated with dismal prognosis in a variety of cancers. mutation of p53 was suggested to be involved in kai1-downregulation. in cervical cancer, p53 is inactivated by human papillomavirus (hpv) oncoprotein e6 with the grade of inactivation depending on the hpv type. kai1-expression was immunohistochemically determined in 67 specimens of cervical cancer, hpv-typing was performed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), cloning, and sequencin ...	2001	11146234
human papillomavirus infection requires cell surface heparan sulfate.	using pseudoinfection of cell lines, we demonstrate that cell surface heparan sulfate is required for infection by human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) and hpv-33 pseudovirions. pseudoinfection was inhibited by heparin but not dermatan or chondroitin sulfate, reduced by reducing the level of surface sulfation, and abolished by heparinase treatment. carboxy-terminally deleted hpv-33 virus-like particles still bound efficiently to heparin. the kinetics of postattachment neutralization by antiseru ...	2001	11152531
complete switch from mdm2 to human papillomavirus e6-mediated degradation of p53 in cervical cancer cells.	the e6 oncoprotein of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) that are associated with cervical cancer utilizes the cellular ubiquitin-protein ligase e6-ap to target the tumor suppressor p53 for degradation. in normal cells (i.e., in the absence of e6), p53 is also a target of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. under these conditions, however, p53 degradation is mediated by mdm2 rather than by e6-ap. here we show in a mutational analysis that, surprisingly, the structural requirements of p53 to serve as a ...	2001	11158620
specific recognition of four-way dna junctions by the c-terminal zinc-binding domain of hpv oncoprotein e6.	e6 is an oncoprotein implicated in cervical cancers produced by " high risk " human papillomaviruses. e6 binds specifically to several cellular proteins, including the tumour suppressor p53 and the ubiquitin ligase e6-ap. however, e6 is also a dna-binding protein which recognizes a structural motive present in four-way junctions. here, we demonstrate that the c-terminal zinc-binding domain of e6, expressed separately from the rest of the protein, fully retains the selective four-way junction rec ...	2001	11162088
nasal immunization of mice with peptide having a cross-neutralization epitope on minor capsid protein l2 of human papillomavirus type 16 elicit systemic and mucosal antibodies.	a common cross-neutralization epitope for human papillomavirus types 6 and 16 (hpv 6 and 16) is present in the region of amino acids (aa) 108-120 of hpv-16 minor capsid protein, l2. we nasally immunized balb/c mice with a synthetic peptide with the 13 aa hpv 16 l2 sequence, and examined the antibodies elicited. elisa showed that the immunization induced predominantly igg and iga antibodies cross-binding to l1/l2-capsids of hpvs 6, 16, and 18 in sera and in vaginal secretions, respectively. the s ...	2001	11163673
immunological analyses of human papillomavirus capsids.	recombinant human papillomavirus (hpv) virus-like particles (vlps) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital hpv disease. questions remain, however, concerning the extent of capsid antigenic similarity between closely related virus genotypes. to investigate this issue, we produced vlps and corresponding polyclonal immune sera from several anogenital hpv types, and examined these reagents in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and in cross-neutralization studies. despite ...	2001	11166904
in situ hybridization detection of single-copy human papillomavirus on isolated cells, using a catalyzed signal amplification system: genpoint.	the performance and drawbacks of genpoint, which is a catalyzed signal amplification system for immunohistochemistry, have been evaluated for its ability to reveal human papillomavirus (hpv) dna detected by in situ hybridization with biotinylated dna probes. for this aim, formalin-fixed cell deposits from carcinoma cells of the uterine cervix, caski, siha, and hela, containing, respectively, 600 copies of hpv dna type 16, 1-2 copies of hpv dna type 16, and 10-50 copies of hpv dna type 18, were u ...	2001	11169889